DE19652236A1 - Electromagnetic monitoring of integrity of conveyor belt - Google Patents

Abstract

Elastomeric transport or storage elements, esp. conveyor belts (13), are monitored by incorporating conducting material which transfers or radiates electromagnetic energy. During weaving one or more conducting warp elements (3) are arranged with one or more conducting weft elements (4) and locked mechanically with non-conducting warp and weft elements to provide one or more flexible, electrically conducting, enclosed rectangles (7). Also claimed is a similar structure where the rectangles (7) are cut at suitable places to connect electronic components.

Description

The invention relates to elements from elek trically conductive materials for the purpose transmission or radiation elektromag netic energy used for the purpose of over guarding elastomeric transport or storage facilities, in particular funding strap to be accommodated in these.

For monitoring or signal transmission gung are known methods with the help electromagnetic signal transmission from a fixed transmitter in the conveyor belt housed elements on a stationary Work the receiver so that when influenced of this element as a result of external or internal Effects an evaluation of the changed Receiver signal for immediate shutdown of the conveyor belt in question leads to size to avoid damage.

DE-AS 1 274 499 and addition DE-OS 24 04 769 describes a monitoring device device for rubber conveyor belts, in the Conveyor belt inserted electrically conductive, the entire band wide covering, closed its loops, one in a circuit Receiver, a rectifier and one Combine channels. Optionally can also a pulse generator in this circuit to be available. This as with the subject expression Transponder to be designated Order is able to do every time one undamaged circuit on the stationary Receiver passed by, an optional one to transmit pulse-modulated signal. But is the conductor loop is interrupted, so answers the transmitter housed in the conveyor belt not what to turn off the conveyor belt can lead. Housing the electronics components inside the conveyor belt in the conveyor belt Sleeves made of vulcanization temperature resistant digem material happen, the electrical Components after the vulcanization of the Conveyor belts can be retrofitted.

Another electromagnetic monitoring device in which there is no electro components within the stream circle, which consists of only one line loop stands, are housed, discloses DE-PS 15 81 062.

With all of the above-mentioned surveillance directions it depends on them reliable transmission medium for the electromagnetic signal transmission represent len and a long operating time electrically and remain mechanically stable. More details only as conductor loops named components are in the above to teach not been made so that it doesn't There were no considerations to define them. In DE-PS 19 19 327 are more detailed Information provided. According to the invention flexible core provided from a series of threads made of a material such as polyester, Nylon, glass fibers, etc. is intertwined and around which an electrical conductor, best from a wire or a foil from egg copper alloy is wound. In addition will also have a cover layer that is made from Polyester, nylon or glass fiber in the shape of an egg made of woven fabric or woven can be applied. The the leader surrounding covering layer has the task the corrosion of a copper alloy to prevent existing conductor.  

However, it has been shown in practice that a web or the conductor is tubular surrounding tissue is neither able pressure during the production of the conveyor belts of the rubber to be vulcanized is sufficient sufficient tightness, even during transport entirely through constant walking and beating enough by large chunks to oppose stability. The consequence is a chemical decay process of copper alloy by the vulcanization process needed free sulfur in the rubber of the dergurtes is triggered and after sufficient Exposure time an electrically non-conductive Product creates and with it the conductor loop destroyed.

DE-AS 1 940 945 describes a device device, in which the conductor material in the form of a Strand, freely movable in a cavity of a Rubber molded piece is housed. The Strand is made of a rubber material, which we the sulfur still contains accelerators and so that it cannot be vulcanized, umman telt. Due to the freedom of movement of the conductor materials in a plastically filled hollow contact with vulcanized material Rubber prevents, but is the necessary length elasticity, e.g. B. unemp against surcharges to be sensitive, not given.

DE-OS 20 30 796 strikes as a conductor loop one made of brass, zinc or the like Steel wire cable, closed and endless in front. Because of the connection of the steel wire cable ends occur at these points the problems caused by bending fractures, becomes the solution solution to this task, the En the elements forming the cable, such as Lit zen or ropes, to let out gradually. For a cable that e.g. B. seven ropes with has fourteen rope ends, so seven Turns for the formation of a conductor loop arise. In a further embodiment it is suggested that the ropes be spliced endlessly and the respective rope ends in the rope lock hide covenant. This type of ladder In practice, therefore, there was no grinding proven because contacting each Rope ends to each other or to the rest Ropes during the vulcanization of the conveyor belt is infiltrated by the doughy rubber. To there is also a long-term effect here due to the free needed during vulcanization sulfur in the rubber of the conveyor belt is solved and after sufficient exposure time an electrically non-conductive contact point generated and thus the conductor loop useless bar makes.

Another proposal is DE-PS 21 36 347 made to a particular Ver simplification in production or also in retrofitting of conveyor belts to achieve with conductor loops. Invention according to those in the steel cable belt anyway existing ropes with insulated Ladder bridges that span the entire belt width lead, connected. Although the solution is one represents simple production method, there is a lack but you at a reliable Kon tacting at the connection points. Either that are those manufactured using winding technology Contacts for the same reasons as at DE-OS 20 30 796 not functional, or when contacting via terminals to volumi nope. Also a screw connection technology according to DE-OS 22 39 810 does not meet the requ contact security.

DE-OS 22 46 137 describes one in a three-stage copper twisting process round wire made conductor loop, Copper wires according to subclaim 4 with a tin coating applied by dipping or (Sub-claim 5) galvanically with a measurement  are provided. As a connecting tech No splicing is specified. The disadvantage this teaching lies like the ones evaluated above Patent specifications in that by Walk- and Impact stress everyone on the ladder applied covering to at least one, even if it is small, damaged and thus the reaction of the copper with the free welding in the conveyor belt fel is exposed. This leads, as is the practice shows the failure of the conductor loop. In addition, one can, for example given conductor loop with 651 wires and an outer diameter of about 2.3 mm only in conveyor belts with an exceptional accommodate a thick rubber layer.

To the when using cables or cable-like constructions of the creative conductor loop as a critical connection manure technology splice connection more stable electrical contacts to he possible, is proposed in DE-OS 22 46 139 beat to pull out the long splices from the side lead and twist together and if necessary. subsequently the entire ladder thus formed grind to verse with a brass coating hen. This construction can also be special chemical and dynamic ver conditions in a conveyor belt not fair to become, because the above chemical process also takes effect here and additional forces on the side, against the direction of force of the spliced rope, led drill joint effect unfavorably and at the exit of the Drill connection from the cable network to Breaks. The twisted lit. end at the vulcanization process infiltrated by the doughy rubber.

DE-AS 22 48 070 wants with the new teaching the one known as little flexural fatigue Technology of endless connection of wires to a conductor loop by means of a connection improve the link in that the Ends of a wire and one end of one their wire through a common connection are included. In a Unteran saying (2) the connecting links in any distance from each other be offset. Sub-claim 3 suggests as Connection element commercially available clamp sleeves in front. This method is disadvantageous the use of single wires since only they have permanent contact with form a clamping sleeve, in contrast to Ropes or strands that have at least three notches claim clamps and consequently relatively long compared to drill connections will. Use in a conveyor belt must because of the lack of flexibility the connection points who excluded the. Commercially available clamping sleeves exist made of copper or a copper alloy for which what has been said elsewhere regarding the chemical reaction applies.

DE-OS 28 29 933 proposes for the Bil of a conductor loop metallic staple before that was previously spun into threads the, with the staple fibers from extremely short zen fine metal fibers exist. The endless closure is done by knotting. Because it along the necessary power line of staple fibers by a thousand times Contacting the fibers with their neighbors it is easy to see that the previously asserted chemical and dynami problems and infiltration of Contacts through rubber to a large extent kick and the conductor loop ma ineffective chen. Knots represent the worst Contact and form against infiltration no protection. The goal of creating one  Inexpensive item comes with an operational bought questionable construction.

In another patent DE-PS 34 41 742 become the infiltration possibility of drill connections that are in the endless ropes are closed by splicing hen thereby prevents the drill connection completely in low melting Metal alloys or made conductive Plastic connections are embedded. A disadvantage of this type of drill connection is leading each one out sideways Connection, because through the across the power flow of the rope in question at an angle of about 90 degrees lead out the by the coating also hard and un are flexible, such a strain occurs that the strands by permanent bending wear after a short period of operation len and their electrical connections separate.

The in the aforementioned patents Disadvantages listed the DE-OS 39 27 746 thereby preventing the endless Connection of a metal rope individually connecting strand ends free of forces next to each other arranged differently and over a length of we a few millimeters soft soldered together with the strands so connected which lie so close to the rope that one of the Strand their original position in the rope association maintains. Although this new teaching too reliable equipment, haf Do you have the disadvantage that this Kon structure not for an automated manufac suitable because the rope assembly initially prepared by manual splicing must be carefully assigned the ends of the strands and one that can be pulled through by hand leading insertion of a total of seven of fourteen wire ends to be connected must happen. It can be seen that this Processes take time and therefore very much costs are intense.

The present invention has the task in machine, if necessary automatic manufacture for example, one with high dynamic strength provided and ver equally inexpensive flexible over guard and transmission element for the Installation in elastomeric transport or storage safety devices, especially conveyor belts, to accomplish.

According to the invention stand out chungselemente, z. B. for reporting on För belt damage, sections, connection dungs, temperatures, wear or the like. characterized in that they come from the weaving process are adjustable. For example, made of steel, Brass or other in rubber compounds inert metals or other electrically conductive capable materials in the form of wires, banks existing strands or ropes elements with additional weaving elements, consisting z. B. from plastic tapes, -fa wires, strands or ropes, so in a weaving machine trix brought that a mutually closed electrically conductive rectangle, a coil or to connect further elements open U-för Partial rectangle that creates the radio tion of an electromagnetic transmission elements owns and loses them if destroyed by damage is kicking. It does not matter whether this Installation element one from the inside, d. H. in för dergurt by electronic devices generated, or outside, from a stationary electro supplied to existing facility has to transmit magnetic energy. At the electro-magnetic supplied from the inside table energy can be both an open and also short-circuited installation element  be used. When fed in from the outside electromagnetic energy, if none another element in connection with the Installation element is used, a short closed installation element advantages sen.

The invention is based on the schematic clear representations. It shows

Figure 1 shows a portion of a fabric with weaved monitoring elements.

FIG. 2 shows an enlarged representation of the connection between chain and weft from FIG. 1;

Figure 3 is a plan view of a two-layer corrugated monitoring element.

Fig. 4 shows various sectional views of the woven wire wefts and their connec tions with the conductive warp elements;

Fig. 5 is a schematic representation of a two-ply woven monitoring coil;

Fig. 6 shows a section of a conveyor belt with a built monitoring element and

Fig. 7 shows a section of a conveyor belt with a woven monitoring element.

The new surveillance elements according to the invention for the application z. B. in conveyor belts for the purposes of the aforementioned tasks are made in a known well technique in that in the Anord voltage of the chains conductive chains are seen before, which crosses at certain points len with also conductive shots zen. Fig. 1 shows a section of a tissue bes 1 from a continuous fabric web in addition to the necessary for a stable overall construction fabric elements 2 and 6 , the known electrically non-conductive material such as plastic, rubber or textile threads or tapes, - twisted wires, ropes or the like can exist, mainly on the outer edges 10 electrically conductive fabric elements 3 and 4 or 5 assigned. This makes them part of the fabric. These elements can be made of guidelines or tapes, twists, strands, ropes or the like. They can be directly adjacent to one another during weaving or can be separated by one or more non-conductive elements.

In order to create a monitoring element for conveyor belts with the help of weaving technology, which is capable of receiving or emitting electromagnetic energy, a ring-shaped structure is to be created in passive monitoring elements in that 9 electrically conductive wefts 4 at defined intervals during weaving or 5 consist of the same or similar material or structure as the associated conductive chain 3 , 3 are introduced. The number of chains and wefts depends on the respective tasks of the conveyor belts to be monitored. For example, in the case of conveyor belts with high mechanical loads in the raw materials industry, e.g. B. each woven more than one weft or a chain, while with less loading belts only one weft or chain can suffice. However, it is by no means necessary to provide an equal number of chains and wefts. Chains and wefts can also differ due to the different types of conductor materials used (e.g. chains in the form of a rope, wefts in the form of a strand, etc.). The shots can be introduced in the form that they are either not separated at the end of each shot, such as 4 it is or after each introduction of a shot separately from each other in the fabric lie. 5

The monitoring elements thus produced in the weaving process can still be electrically connected perfectly because of the better contact between the warp and the weft. Fig. 2 shows an enlarged representation of three conductive warp 3 and weft elements 5 which at their connection point 8 z. B. by Lö th permanently and immigrant connected with each other. Instead of a Lö device other known connec tion techniques, z. B. spot welding, Leitkle ben or mechanical methods can be used. In the interest of a relatively flexible connection point, it is not necessary for electrical reasons to connect each point of contact between conductive warp and weft elements. It is sufficient if the connection forms a quarter as many rectangles as there are elements. An example is shown in FIG. 1 with 7.

In the event that a fabric is made with a large number of monitoring elements for the complete insertion into a conveyor belt, the distance marked 11 in FIG. 1 can be several 10 m without the weft elements having to be broken. This has the advantage that continuous production of the conveyor belt so to be equipped with monitoring elements is ensured, and if it is, for example, metal chain elements that are available as additional stable Zugelemen te. It is of course possible to cut out each monitoring element from the web and use it further individually.

With active monitoring elements, with which additionally electronic components to the ring shape created by weaving can be connected, this can be done in easier Way by cutting the track anywhere.

It is often also desirable to provide a monitoring element for installation in conveyor belts, which provides a spool with more than one turn in a simple manner. As shown in FIG. 3 in connection with FIG. 4, this can be carried out in a conventional weaving technique with more than one layer. Fig. 3 shows a plan view of a surveillance element 7 , consisting of the lead the chain elements 3 and the conductive weft elements 4th The special feature of this weaving technique is that a further weaving position is created in a known manner, which additionally accommodates one or more knitting elements. This enables you to create a structure that allows the individual conductors to be woven in isolation from one another. At the same time, it is technically possible to create a pocket 22 for electronic components 23 . A distinction must be made between a contact 8 in the upper layer 19 and a contact 12 in the lower layer 20 . Between the conductive chains 3 there are for example two non-conductive chains 2 and between the conductive Schues sen 4, a non-conductive weft. 6 So you are able to jump through alternate Ver the conductive shots 4 once only two of the conductive chains 3 to connect with each other without touching the other conductive chains 3 a. Fig. 4 shows in a sectional representation for each course of the six lead the shots 4 a ,. . ., f one of several possible configurations for connecting only two conductive chains 3 by only one conductive shot 4th In addition, it is still possible to provide a good transverse expansion of these shots by jumping the conductive shots 4 between more than one weave layer 19 or 20 and at the same time to create a receiving pocket 22 for electronic components 23 . At the points of contact of the conductive shots 4 with the conductive chains 3 , an electrical permanent connection can be carried out, for example, by soldering or in another known technology. After transmission of the embodiment of a bobbin-shaped monitoring element shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, Fig. 5 in a clear representation of the self-contained coil with their respective intersections between shots a. . ., f and the chains 3 , which are housed in the matrix column 2 , 5 , 8 34 , 37 and 40 .

There is the possibility of accommodating the monitoring element 7 in a conveyor belt 13 , as shown in FIG. 6 in the upper cover layer 14 or the lower cover layer 16 , or alternatively, the actual tension element 15 being kept free of this. It is also possible, instead of individual elements 7 surveil monitoring a longer woven cloth 1 with a plurality incorporated monitoring elements 7 in the outer layers 14 and / or incorporate the sixteenth

However, it is often desirable, especially if the carcass is produced using woven technology, to produce the monitoring elements according to the invention in a weaving process simultaneously with this process. In Fig. 7 is a section 13 of a conveyor belt, the illustrated consists of a cover layer 14, a carcass 15 and a further layer 16. The guide the chains 3 are, for example, right and left of the longitudinal edge of the conveyor belt and are connected at predetermined intervals in Webtech technology with the conductive wefts as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 and has been explained for this purpose. With this teaching, inexpensive monitoring elements can be produced in the production process, which are protected against impacts from the goods to be transported due to their housing of the carcass and are further subject to little bending changes due to their location in the area of the neutral fiber.

Reference list

1

tissue

2nd

non-conductive chain

3rd

conductive chain

4th

leading shot, connected to the neighboring shot

5

conductive shot, individually introduced

6

non-conductive shot

7

woven surveillance element

8th

Contacting

9

Longitudinal dimension (in conveying direction)

10th

Width dimension

11

Distance between monitoring elements

12th

Contact in the lower layer

13

Conveyor belt

14

Top layer

15

carcass

16

Running layer

17th

inserted monitoring element

18th

woven monitoring element

19th

upper weave

20th

lower weave

21

closed coil

22

Pocket

23

Electronic Components

Claims (8)

1. A method for producing elements from electrically conductive material for the purpose of transmission or radiation of electromagnetic energy for the purpose of monitoring elastomeric transport or storage devices, in particular conveyor belts, characterized in that one or more conductive warp elements ( 3 ) with in a weaving process one or more conductive weft elements ( 4 ) ( 5 ) for mechanical fixing and formation of an elastic corrugation and in connection with non-conductive warp and weft elements ( 2 ) ( 6 ) are arranged so that one or more flexible, electrically conductive (s) , self-contained rectangle (s) form (s) t ( 7 ). 2. A process for the production of elements made of electrically conductive material for the purpose of transmitting or radiating electromagnetic energy for the purpose of monitoring elastomeric transport or storage devices, in particular conveyor belts ( 13 ), characterized in that one or more conductive warp elements are initially used in a weaving process ( 3 ) with one or more conductive weft elements ( 4 ) ( 5 ) and in connection with non-conductive warp and weft elements ( 2 ) ( 6 ) for mechanical fixation and formation of an elastic corrugation are arranged so that one or more flexible electrically conductive (s), self-contained (s) rectangle (s) bil de (n) t ( 7 ) and (the) is then separated at any ge suitable for the connection of electronic components ge. 3. Element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that these at cross points between conductive warp elements ( 3 ) and conductive weft elements ( 4 ) ( 5 ) additionally by soldering, welding or in connection with known mechanical or chemical connection techniques a permanent produces electrical contact ( 8 ), all or optionally fewer crossing points can be used. 4. Element according to claim 1, 2 and 3, characterized in that the weaving process for the production of the elements ( 7 ) is carried out in a continuous manner, the individual elements ( 7 ) being produced from a woven web ( 1 ) thus created. be separated out. 5. Element according to claim 1, 2 and 3, characterized in that the weaving process for the production of the elements ( 7 ) is carried out in a continuous manner, the distance between the elements ( 11 ) can be several meters and the thus created woven web ( 1 ) in the manufacture of conveyor belts ( 13 ) are inserted into these. 6. Element according to claim 1, 2 and 3, characterized in that the weaving process for the production of the elements ( 7 ) in connection with the Webver for the production of textile carcasses ( 15 ) is carried out and that the element ( 7 ) with the carcass ( 15 ) is technically connected and optionally gets a layer in the neutral fiber of the conveyor belt. 7. Element according to claim 1, 2 and 3, characterized in that by weaving special Füh tion conductive warp and weft elements ( 3 ), ( 4 ), ( 5 ), the weft elements ( 4 ) ( 5 ) before preferably two or Connect several woven layers ( 19 ) ( 20 ) in such a way that a closed coil ( 21 ) with several turns results from several conductive rectangles formed by the electrical connection ( 8 ). 8. Element according to claim, characterized in that two or more woven layers ( 19 ) ( 20 ) are formed so that there is a receiving pocket ( 22 ) or trough for subsequently introduced electronic components ( 23 ).