DE1962166A1 - Marbled, cast sanitary stoneware - Google Patents

Description

"Marbled, cast sanitary stoneware ¹¹

The invention relates to a marbled, cast and stoneware made of porcelain or other ceramic materials, such as toilets, wash basins, bidets, urinals and similar objects. These items have an appearance that is similar to natural stone or marble. The invention also relates to the method and apparatus for making these articles. Two or more slips of different colors forming the ceramic article according to the invention are combined in a unitary system , but not completely mixed, when they are poured into the cavity of a moisture-absorbing mold. Special pouring and filling methods are used in order to facilitate an approximate repetition of the pattern of the object produced in this way. This is especially

Poftntonwält · Dipl.-Iofl. Martin Licht, Dipl.rWirtick-hie./AiiehHiuiifiann, Dipl.-Phys. Sebäitkm Herrmann PATENT ADVERTISER D «. «EiNHOLD SCHMIDT

1962160

Particularly advantageous if you have the special pattern iinme.r want to restore. If desired, the pouring and mixing can be controlled so that an initial Contact between the uniform stream of slip and the visible surface of the mold that forms the final product, is prevented when a product with a special appearance is desired. This gives the end product its appearance of natural stone or marble and the special pattern can be repeated during production. pouring can also be regulated in such a way that there is contact ^ - with the visible surface, if a marbled or a mottled appearance is desired. These variations from product to product can be reduced by changing the color. and slip mixtures can be achieved.

It is known that sanitary items that are made of porcelain or other ceramic materials and as sinks, toilets, toilet containers, urinals, bidets and for other sanitary purposes in bathrooms and public waiting rooms, usually in white colors, can be produced, the color is created by a glaze coating that is applied to the object and its Shine is created by a firing process. "Stained sanitary" items in blue, green, pink and similar colors can be made by using inorganic dyes or pigments are added to the glaze and this is applied to the object. The shine is then through achieved a burning process. When making such objects, the slip is poured into plaster molds from above, until the cavity of the mold is filled. After the desired Wall thickness has been obtained, the excess becomes liquid Slurry removed from the mold. In order to prevent such an even, continuous coloration, castable plastic ones were used Materials for making the sanitary ware. used. This enabled veining and an imitation of Natural stone and marble can be achieved. Those marbled like that

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or speckled plastic products have a good one Appearance, however, are quite fragile and have softer surfaces that wear out faster than other things ceramic stoneware. Such plastic surfaces can easily be damaged by cigarettes or matches and chemical stains such as medicinal products such as those found in bathrooms can also be stained often used. Despite their good looks, these plastic materials have mechanical and chemical properties Disadvantage.

The invention was based on the object of an improved cast To create sanitary stoneware that has the hardness of vitreous porcelain and the appearance of natural stone or Owns marble. Another object of the invention was that Creation of a mold with a cavity for manufacture an object made of vitreous Pox'zellan or a ceramic Material by means of a poured slip, the object being stone-like or marbled or speckled Surface possesses and can be removed from the mold, machined, glazed and heat-treated in an oven in the same way as conventional sanitary stoneware.

The invention was also based on the object of developing a method by which the most varied of reproducible sanitary articles can be produced which have the appearance of natural stone or marble and in which the body cast from slip can be veined in an effective manner. It must be possible to regulate the manufacturing process in such a way that the most varied of color ratios and mixtures of the slip can be used for each product through the handling of the mold and the amount of colored slip and the areas in the cavity of the slip to which the compound slip is fed, can be controlled. -

009887/1787 - * -. ·

Another object of the invention was to develop a water-absorbing slip casting mold into which a multicolored slip can be fed to predetermined areas in the casting mold in order to produce special veins. A special slip casting mold arrangement is also to be created by means of which a composite multicolored slip is poured into the mold cavity against the cavity wall which does not form the surface of the object intended for sale and which allows this surface to regain initial contact with the multicolored slip, when this rises in the cavity of the casting mold - W rises due to the continuous pouring in of the slip.

The object of the invention and the method and the Apparatus for producing this object are in the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings in individually explained.

Fig. 1 shows a pair of water-absorbing Parisian plaster molds, which form a cavity and where the pouring funnel are attached; the shape is. partially filled with a liquid multicolored slip;

"'Fig. 2 shows the mold after it has been completely filled with

a two-tone slip, but before the excess Slurry has been drained;

Fig. 3 shows the partially dehydrated slip that remains in the mold after the excess liquid slurry has been drained;

Fig. 4 is a top plan view of a wash basin incorporating the Has the appearance of natural marble and by means of the device shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 and the method according to the invention has been produced, wherein the pouring opening to one side of the

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Sink has been deposited;

Pig. Fig. 5 shows a top view of a wash basin using the Has the appearance of natural marble and that by means of the device shown in FIGS and the method of the invention with the pouring spout centered with respect to the sides of the sink ;

Fig. 6 shows an alternative device for pouring two different colored slips through the District that will form the sink opening will; the wash basin has the appearance of natural stone or marble;

Fig. 7 shows the stone pattern obtained when two different colored slips with djar shown in Fig * 6 Device are used;

Fig. 8 shows a mold that is at an oblique angle is set up so that the slip can be poured into the mold without first having to use the Surface of the outer molded part comes into contact, which the intended for the market surface of the finished wash basin intended to form;

Fig. 9 shows the natural marble pattern, which by pouring two- or carrot-colored slips after The method of Figure 8 is obtained;

Fig.IO shows a mold cavity with an incomplete mixed multicolored slurry is poured through the discharge port of an inverted mold;

FIG. 11 shows the pattern obtained when a shape according to the method shown in FIG. 10 shown method filled

^becomes 009887/1767

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The method of the invention and those made therewith Objects are described based on the manufacture of washbasins that have the appearance of natural stone or marble * Instead of the wash basin, shapes can of course be used through which toilets, bidets, containers, Urinals or other ceramic goods can be produced that are evenly colored at the time.

In Fig. 1, a pair of 'water absorbent' is more mating Shapes 10 and 12 shown, with which a vein can be created in a washbasin, which extends from one corner of the wash basin across the basin to the opposite one Side of the pelvis extends. These molds form a cavity that has the shape of the object to be manufactured. Casting molds of this type are known and are normally made from plaster of paris.

The two shapes are made by suitable devices such as by C-shaped brackets 16 or other similar Holding devices held together at their peripheral flanges 14. These C-brackets are made using a suitable Clamp screw 17 opened and closed in a known manner » A suitable drain opening 11 is provided, with the excess slip is drained from the cavity of the mold. A plastic plug 15 is in the opening used so that the slip does not run out through the opening it if this is not intended. When the excess Slurry has run out of the mold through the removal of the plug 15 through the opening Ii and the Once the solid components that remain in the mold have set, the C-clamps are opened. This allows you to use the inner mold 10 and outer mold 12 separate to the cast To release object. By this point in time, the cast object should have become firm enough to maintain its shape to hold, but still soft enough that it is easily deformed and cut with a knife or a suitable cutting tool.

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device can be cut.

The inner or lower casting mold 10, which is arranged in reverse, has an opening 18 in the area of the washbasin in which the drainage opening of the washbasin will be attached target. The funnel 20 is inserted into this opening 18. One or more vents 22 are in the top Part of the mold 10 attached so that air can escape when the slip rises in the cavity 24. A pouring ~ Opening 26, in which a large funnel 28 is inserted, is attached to the base of the molded part 10, specifically on the part that is to form the rear belt. "At the beginning of the process, the slip is primarily through the funnel 28 poured in so that the intended object is given the intended final appearance. The pouring opening can be on either side of the back belt of the sink be offset or it can also be arranged in the middle.

If the opening 26 is set down to one side, then distributed the veining of the sink diagonally across the surface of the sink. This is shown in FIG. 4. If the pouring opening is centered in the posterior ligament, then there is a symmetrical vortex, as shown in Fig. 5 is shown. The connecting line is located opposite to the pouring opening, accordingly the arrangement of the pouring opening becomes a localization of the connecting line lead, which is located essentially opposite the pouring opening »The arrangement of the pouring opening can be changed depending on the desired pattern.

Two or more. Slips that consist of different colors · or a neutral and a colored slip _? are poured together. This can be done, for example, by means of the buckets 30 and 32. The two poured-in slip flows physically combine at the

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Bottom opening of the funnel 28 without a uniform Mixing of the slip takes place.

The slips used can have one of the known compositions that are used in the manufacture of ceramic goods. Has a neutral slip mixture for example the following composition:

30 fo pottery clay

20 fo porcelain clay (China Clay)

20 fo feldspar

30 % flint

100 fo -

These ingredients are commercially available.

Inorganic colors become one or more separate Added slip batches, which are poured together in the manner shown in Fig. 1, so that they become combine in a common stream, but not evenly mixed with one another.

Such dyes and pigments are also commercially available and are known as body or glaze colors.

The amount of paint added to the slip batches is changed according to the desired degree and contrast of color. This is done in a similar way to the addition from paints to paint materials.

The stream of combined batches of slurry added by feeders 30 and 32 begins to fill the mold from the bottom of cavity 2k . Other feeders 30 and 32 can also be used, such as pumps, metering valves, feed hoses and the like. These are used to input the differently colored slips into the funnel 28. It is essential that

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there is no like mixing of the different colored ones in China Schlicker is coming.

By settling the slip on one side of the mold, which is opposite to the surface intended for the trade, the slip spreads horizontally afterwards When it has risen in the cavity, it only comes into contact with the surface intended for trade, i.e. with the visible surface of the planned object, thereby strips, stratifications or veins arise that have the depth in the body of the finished end product and one form similar veins as they occur in nature in sedemented ones Rocks can be seen. This gives the so produced ceramic articles the appearance of natural stone or marble,

The combined slips deposited in the cavity 24 fill the cavity 24 from the bottom thereof. The first contact of the slip in this embodiment of the method according to the invention with the surface 13 of the plaster mold 12 provided for the trade occurs when the slip rises from the bottom and is not poured directly onto the outer mold _e

1 shows how the slip in the cavity 24 the mold rises. At this point the cavity is only partially filled with slip.

The outer part 12 of the mold forms the finished one for the Trade intended surface 13 'i.e. the surface of the finished product that will be permanently visible to the consumer. As already mentioned in connection with Fig. Ί, the first contact of the combined neutral and colored slurry with the molded part 12 will take place when the Slurry rises in cavity 24 and not when it rises to the side runs down the mold surface.

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009887/1787

When the colored slip rises, it turns horizontally Moved and in a first contact .with the surface comes to form 12, stripes and layers are formed due to the stretching and expansion of the colored slip ' When moving the same in the cavity of the mold, this creates color streaks along the surface of the mold. If this procedure and the setup of the mold are retained the next time the mold cavity is filled it is possible to generally reproduce the same stripe pattern when the physical Properties, feed rate and composition of the slip used can be checked.

The hopper 28 fits tightly into the opening 26, see above that no slip runs out. When the cavity 24 is completely is filled with slip, as shown in FIG As can be seen, all cavity parts of the same are filled and the air is through the vents 22 and through the pouring opening 18 may have escaped.

Water is absorbed from the poured-in slip through the walls of the casting molds 10 and 12 made of plaster of paris ₀ When this water has been absorbed by the cast plaster of the casting molds 10 and 12, slip flows from the funnels 20 and 28, around the water - »fill up the space that has become free» When the water has been removed, the solid particles are drawn to the surface of the mold by the capillary action of the water migrating to the outer surface of the mold. In this way, the solid particle build on the mold walls, and it is formed partially ligated product (greenware), which can be removed _s when the molds are separated,

The slip is left to stand in the cavity 24 of the casting mold until the desired amount of water is removed from the slip

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has been absorbed. This gives the product the desired wall thickness. Then the plug 15 is removed from the opening 11 and the excess slip, which is still liquid, runs out of the opening 11. If the excess slurry has been left out of the opening 11, is formed, as in Fig. ^ Illustrated, a Überfliessweg 2F5, dex- with your outlet 18 is in communication ₀ An opening 27 is cut in the upper hand of the basin with a knife when the tone is firm enough to work on. This creates an overflow entrance from the basin into the overflow path in a known manner.

With the brackets 16 removed, the upper mold part 10 can be easily removed from the mold part 12 to remove the partially cured product. The two in the figures and Λ pool shown in Figure 5 from a composite slurry of various colorations are worden.'und made with the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3 device have the appearance of stone or marble. The Mustex depends on the arrangement of the pouring opening.

By using a mold like the one in the figures 1 to 3 is shown and in which the inlets for the slip are at the bottom of the cavity of the casting mold, and with the procedure described above, it is possible, in general, similar stone striations reproduce each time it is poured.

It is also possible to vary the intensity of the contrasts by changing the amount of dye in the colored and in the neutral slip can be changed. It is also possible to add one or more colored slips simultaneously with the neutral slurry in order to achieve different colors, To preserve striations and veins. The striped pattern and while the veins will not exactly match the previous pattern, they will generally be strong

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Ihnliehkeiten Msthetigeiie exhibit * This can be especially achieved, the mold weiin in the corresponding An & kept taiiüiig will be kept and the colored slip and the Eiügiessgese & wiridigkeit constant. If no different veining patterns are desired, changes can be obtained if the factors just mentioned are changed, namely the mold, the pouring position, the color combinations and the pouring speed. The composite slip does not need to be poured into the bottom of the cavity of the casting mold.

in the in Pig. 6 illustrated embodiment of the invention WiM a mixed slip 70 of two separate layers. colored slip feed devices 72 and Ik are poured into the casting mold, directly through the funnel 77 lh the pouring opening 76, which is located in the upper mold part 78 made of plaster of paris. The mold is modified so that the upper part of the basin is at the top. The conventional ventilation openings 80 and 82 are located in the upper cast part 78. Through these, k air can escape when the poured slip rises and fills the cavity with the multicolored slip *

In this case too, the poured-in slip comes into contact with the upper surface 86 of the casting mold when the slip rises in the cavity of the casting mold. In this case, the veining and the striped pattern extending from the vent opening away from said opening and radiate in concentric circles away. They tend to create symmetrical patterns on opposite sides of the sanitary ware. Excess slip is removed from the mold cavity by removing plug 79. In Fig. The symmetrical striped patterns are shown when a

009887/1787 - i3 -

Wash basin according to the method described above after the Invention is made.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, the slip is poured in through the upper edge of the casting mold, while the upper and lower or the outer and inner casting mold parts are held at the angle shown. The simultaneous pouring of differently colored slips from the vessels 50 and 52 is carried out through an opening 54 which is located in the upper cast part 56. The cast part 56 and the cast part 58 are held together by suitable C-clamps 60 and 62, as already shown in FIG. The vent openings 64 and 66 allow the air to escape when the cavity 68 of the casting mold is filled with the slip. In the embodiment of the method according to the invention shown in FIG. 8, it is shown how the slip can be poured in without the poured-in slurry mixed with paint slurry settling directly on the upper part, ie on the surface of the molded part. This results in an initial contact of the poured slip with the part of the casting mold that later forms the visible surface of the product when the slurry rises in the mold. When the colors. mp ^^ Lom. . Later visible part of the surface of the mold come into contact when ascending, they move in a straight line to. _; Mold surface. This leaves stripe patterns and veins in the slip body «No slip runs out of the ventilation openings 64 and 66 because the water from the slip is absorbed by the casting mold and the openings plug themselves *

When the desired wall thickness has been achieved, "how." shown in connection with Fig. 1, the mold erected, so that excess slip, which is still in a liquid form, runs out through the opening 59 can when the plug 6i has been removed. Through this

009887/1787 ~ ^lk "

a cavity is created in the cast sliding body between its outer and inner obex surface. If this Body has been removed from the mold, the usual openings, such as overflow openings, Cut in drains and inlet mounting holes will. The overflow opening is in communication with the cavity and serves to divide an overflow path, to avoid overflowing water from the top of the sink. to remove in the drain.

fc Fig. 9 shows the wash basin pattern after the wash basin 8 has been removed from the mold. In this Trap creates a cough that radiates away from one side of the sink near the outlet. This pattern can essentially be reproduced if the position of the mold and the quality, the color, are determined with each casting and the pouring speed of the different colored ones Slurry can be kept constant.

FIG. 10 shows how partially mixed, differently colored slips 90 and 92 can be poured through the drain opening 94 of an inverted casting mold. Suitable vent holes 96 and 98 W allow complete filling of the cavity 100 of the mold with the partially mixed multi-colored slips.

The fired plaster cast molds 102 and 104 are made spherical Dowels iO6 and 108 aligned and through appropriate clips 110 and 112 held together.

In this embodiment, the poured-in material comes initially with the surface of the Mold, i.e. the surface that will later be visible in contact and runs down both sides of this mold part. The pattern shown in Fig. 11 is obtained when working with this embodiment. partially mixed slip the cavity of the casting mold

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has been filled out completely, there is an additional header poured into the funnel HO to avoid the due to Water absorption to replace the shrunk part * Thereby the mold cavity is completely covered with slip kept filled and despite the shrinkage the remains Slurry in the mold until you get the desired Wall thickness has received "

The excess liquid slip is then removed from the opening 103 by removing the stopper iOi a cavity remains in the finished article, which can be used as an overflow opening · After the Removal of the mold can make the necessary and suitable openings for the drain, the overflow and for the fittings cut into the product.

The product thus cast is then used for Ilitz treatment passed through a furnace at about 2300 ° so that it is sintered. Before sintering (vitrification) again Object dried and sprayed with a glaze that is translucent or transparent and forms a shiny surface after oven treatment. After the procedure of the invention and with the devices according to the invention advantageous ceramic sanitary stoneware can be made, which are not only very good mechanical and possess chemical properties but also a special have an attractive appearance, such as marble *

009887/170

Claims (1)

Patent application; "Marbled, poured sanitary Stoneware " PATENT CLAIMS Ceramic, marbled sanitary stoneware, characterized by a combination of slurries that produce the solids and serve to produce the visible surface of the sanitary article, one the slip has a different color to make a sanitary one To form an object whose surface resembles natural stone. ipix- O (O OO OO 2, Sanitary stoneware according to Anspx-uch 1, characterized in that that the sanitary item has a translucent glaze to show off contrasting colors bring that resemble polished marble, 3. A sanitary stoneware according to claim 1, characterized in that it consists of several, partly mixed slurries of different colors, which have a venation resembling natural stone and on the beitiung in the Endbear _T a glaze is applied. Patent attorneys Dipl.-Ing. Martin Licht, Dipl.-Wirtsch.-Ing. Axel Hansmann, Dipl.-Phys. Sebastian Herrmann 8 MÖNCHEN 2, THERESJENSTRASSE 33 · Telephone: 281202 · Telearamni-Adre «« ·. Upatli / MQndisn Bayer. Vereintbank Munich, branch. Oikar-von-Miller-RIng, account no. 832 495 · Ppstichedc-Konlo! Munich No. 1433 97 Opptnauer office: PATENTANWALT DR. REINHOLD SCHMIDT - 2 - 196216a -t- 4. Sanitary stoneware according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that that its visible surfaces are provided with a colored stripe pattern and an in sintered glaze is attached to an oven. 5. Method of making a ceramic, sanitary Stoneware that has the appearance of natural stone or marble, characterized in that it is water-absorbent Casting mold is used which has a cavity in which the sanitary object having a certain shape the cavity with a slip of at least two feed sources is filled, one being the slurry a contrasting color, and the padding like that it is carried out that the separate streams of the slurry are combined, but not completely with one another mix and thus in the ceramic produced in this way Stoneware show contrasting colors. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the separated slips are combined with one another in the vicinity of the area where the slips enter the cavity enter the mold, but not mix completely, and every slip an essential part of it original coloring retains when it enters the cavity of the Mold is filled. 7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the mold forming the cavity has a surface having a surface which will be visible later and which is not normally be later visible to the user an area, and the slip in the cavity is poured so that it first comes to the Gussformoborfläche in contact, forms the non-user-visible part of the sanitary article later, and the rising in the cavity slurry then contacts the surface of the GuMform in contact, which later forms the surface which will normally be visible to the user » 00 * 887/1787 "_ 8. The method according to claim 5 »characterized in that Slips of different colors are poured into the cavity of the mold, in a state in which the slip colors are not completely mixed with each other when they fill the cavity of the mold, 9. The method according to claim 5 »characterized in that the slips of different colors are incompletely mixed with one another when they are placed in the cavity of the upside-down Casting mold through the casting or outlet part of the casting p form to be poured into it. 10. The method according to claim 5 »characterized in that the slips of different colors, which have been incompletely mixed with one another, are reversed into the cavity of one Poured in the erected mold through an opening formed in the lower part of the mold so that the liquid slip along the surface of the mold running, which forms the later visible surface of the product, when it rises in the cavity of the mold. 11. The method according to claim 5 »characterized in that . the cavity in the mold is the size of a sink owns, the mold is set up so that the sink cavity is at an angle with the front part of the sink who is in an upright position, the slip stream, which consists of at least two incompletely mixed colored slips, through an opening is poured, which is located in the upper, raised part of the casting mold, so that the slip comes into contact with the casting mold surface, which is the surface that will later be visible of the sanitary article forms when the slip rises in the cavity of the mold and a vein in the cast object. - "4 009887/1787 12. The method according to claim 5 »characterized in that a water-absorbing casting mold is used which has a cavity for the production of a sanitary ceramic article of a certain shape, the cavity is filled with slip from at least two feed devices, one of which has at least one different color , the filling is carried out in such a way that the two poured-in streams combine with one another in the area where they enter the cavity of the opposite mold parts, the combined slips are left to solidify in order to form the sanitary article and this is then removed is the water-mold away, a glaze is applied to the sanitary article and the article is fired, van to give it the appearance of marble. . 13. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that that a water-absorbing casting mold with a cavity is used which has a shape similar to that to be produced Object, the mold has a filling opening, which is in communication with the cavity, a device is present which contains a combination of the slurries - streams supplies, with at least one of the slips a has a different color to the other slip that Schliderstrom in the cavity and against a surface of this Cavity is poured, which is a surface of the forms sanitary object that is normally not visible to the user of this object, and the filling the slip combination in the cavity continued as long is until the entire cavity is filled and has the shape of the object to be manufactured. Ik. Casting mold for the production of sanitary stoneware that has the appearance of natural stone or marble, germinated by wassez'absorblerende casting molds which, when assembled, form a cavity between the 009887/1787 the dimensions of the object to be manufactured, an opening in the mold that connects to the lowest part of the The cavity is in communication when the mold is set up so that it can be filled with a multicolored slip, and ventilation openings to let out the air from the upper part of the cavity when the Cavity is filled, 15. Casting mold according to claim 14, characterized in that that the molds are made of plaster of paris and in the assembled position a cavity between form, which has the shape of the object to be manufactured, the mold has an opening that extends from The outer end of the cavity extends into the cavity, to accommodate the multicolored slip stream, this opening at the bottom of the cavity and towards a Side of the cavity is arranged so that the multicolored Slips laterally and downwards within the cavity of the Gussform f Hessen can, whereby the colored veins in the Slips are formed when it becomes solid in the cavity. eat. Casting mold according to claim 14, characterized in that the cavity has the shape of a wash basin and the opening extending into the cavity to receive the slip towards one side of the cavity is arranged so that veins of the colored slurry run diagonally from one corner of the sink to another Extend parts of the sink. 17. Casting mold according to claim 14, which is characterized by that the dimensions of the cavity have the shape of a sanitary object and that extending into the cavity Opening is arranged towards one side of the cavity, creating veins of the multicolored slip extend radially from this opening to more distant parts of the sanitary article, which by the pouring the multicolored slip is formed, 009887/1787 1362166 18. Casting mold according to claim Ik, characterized in that the cavity has the dimensions of a sanitary object and the opening through which the multicolored liquid slip is poured into the cavity of the casting mold is arranged in a central area of the casting mold around the multicolored slip to run to opposite sides of the cavity and cause symmetrical veining to be formed in the ceramic sanitary ware. 009 887/17 87 Blank page