DE19621356C2 - Device for a tool star turret - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a device for a star turret ver, with a on a base body with an inclined pivot axis arranged turret with at least two tools spindles for coupling an axially displaceable turret spindle to the respective tool holding spindle and to the cup piling and swiveling the turret.

From DE 42 05 273 C1 is a tool turret be knows who both the drive motor for the turret spindle for driving the respectively engaged tool holder spindle as well as for the swiveling movement of the turret heads used. Inside the star revolver, in the non-swiveling one Basic body, the turret spindle is longitudinally displaceable device. In the front area of the turret spindle there is a piston Cylinder drive arranged, the cylinder in the base body in is tegrated. Also sits rigidly on the turret spindle Pinion gear that has an idler gear and two in a row secondary shafts a ring gear arranged in the turret head drives. The first auxiliary shaft that is parallel to the turret spin del is arranged, has a drive wheel that is rigid on it and is mounted longitudinally displaceable in terms of fluid technology. It will only engaged for swiveling the turret. The pinion gear  and the idler gear are permanently connected to the turret spindle Intervention.

The present invention is therefore based on the problem to create a device with the help of which a minimal Installation space between a tool turret example carrying carriage and the front end of the ak tive tool holder the coupling movement of the turret spin del and the pivotal movement of the turret realized becomes. The turret head should be quick and repeatable be pivoted at a defined tool engagement position can. Furthermore, the star revolver is said to be in operation tion time, i.e. with the revolver facing the base body head, a low-noise and / or low-vibration operation possible.

The problem is solved using a device with the features of claim 1 solved. For this, the drive for the coupling movement is arranged outside the base body. The drive protrudes from the main body where it is in existing recesses of the machine slide carrying it place or stand. On the other hand, a gearbox for the pivoting movement of the turret head designed that only with a single spur gear parallel to the turret spindle serrated countershaft. On the one hand, the countershaft stands drive this drive wheel with your drive wheel the gear wheel mounted coaxially to the turret spindle and on the other hand via their driven wheel with a swiveling Re crown gear arranged permanently in engagement. A need such, not loaded by axial forces auxiliary shaft due to their simple storage only minimal Installation space.  

The driving gear is during the machining phase uncoupled from the turret spindle. Hence the masses Inertia of the rotating components in terms of size and number reduced, causing the turret spindle together with the factory tool holder spindle and the machining tool low loading acceleration times needed. In addition, the An overlap drive noise not the bearing and gear vibrations of if necessary, idling idler shafts and idler gears.

Appropriate embodiments of the invention are the subject of Subclaims 2 to 6.

The drive for the clutch movement is in the extension the turret spindle on the back of the body arranges and consists of a hydraulic, double-acting Cylinder-piston unit, whose cylinder is also the drive motor for the turret spindle.

The device part for pivoting the turret has an axially and radially in the base body of the revolver on the crown wheel with a central cross that passes over the Counter shaft with a gear wheel driving this permanently is engaged and also by the pivot pin of the Turret is crossed.

In the axial joint between the turret and him supporting body is during the pivoting movement of the Re volverkopfes a gas or air pressed. This means u. a. a low-friction swivel operation possible, so that in context with a low inertia of the rotary actuator and very short dome paths of the turret head within an extremely can be shared for a short period of time. For example is the set-up time for the redistribution by one position with a six-fold turret less than 700 msec.

Further details of the invention are in the following Description of a schematically illustrated embodiment listed:

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section through a tool star turret;

Fig. 2: longitudinal section through a tool holding spindle.

Fig. 1 shows a tool turret, hereinafter referred to as a star turret, in a vertical longitudinal section. Such a star turret is part of a machine tool or a machining center on a base body ( 10 ), for example, attached to a vertical slide of a machine tool stand. In the present example, the turret ( 40 ) of the star turret on the base body ( 10 ) is pivoted through 360 °. The swivel axis ( 11 ) includes a 45 ° angle with the vertical.

The turret ( 40 ) comprises six tool holder spindles ( 50 ) which are arranged with the same pitch on the outer contour inclined to the pivot axis. The center lines of the tool holding spindles ( 50 ) intersect in the center of the star turret. The center lines of two mutually opposite tool holding spindles ( 50 ) enclose a 90 ° angle.

The main body ( 10 ) carrying the turret ( 40 ) has three tasks, among others. First, the star turret is flanged onto the machine tool. For this purpose it has a rear flange surface ( 12 ). Second, the base body ( 10 ) supports and guides the swiveling turret ( 40 ). Third, it contains or carries all assemblies or components that are necessary for coupling and driving the tool holding spindles ( 50 ) and pivoting the turret ( 40 ).

The turret ( 40 ) lies on a flat, circular base surface ( 13 ) of the base body ( 10 ). The base surface ( 13 ) is an inclined plane, the central surface normal of which forms the pivot axis ( 11 ). In the edge region of the base surface ( 13 ) an outer centering ring ( 17 ) and a Ringzy cylinder ( 18 ) are attached one above the other. Both parts ( 17 , 18 ) grip an annular piston ( 19 ) from the outside. The outer centering ring ( 17 ) and the annular piston ( 19 ) have complementary face teeth that face each other. Seen in the direction of the pivot axis ( 11 ), an inner centering ring ( 42 ) is arranged between the face teeth of the annular piston ( 19 ) and the base surface ( 13 ). The last rer is screwed directly to a spindle carrier ( 41 ) of the turret head ( 40 ). The inner centering ring ( 42 ) and the annular piston ( 19 ) also have mutually facing, complementary face gear.

The turret ( 40 ) sits on the base surface ( 13 ) in the operating state. The ring piston ( 19 ) is pressed hydraulically against the outer ( 17 ) and inner centering ring ( 42 ). The face gears interlock and fix the turret head ( 40 ) axially and radially with respect to the base body ( 10 ). The face gears form a lock.

If the turret ( 40 ) is pivoted relative to the base body ( 10 ), the hydraulic oil in the ring cylinder ( 18 ) is relieved with respect to unlocking, and on the other hand the ring piston ( 19 ) via several - not shown - arranged in a circle and to the pivot axis ( 11 ) parallel hydraulic pistons pushed back. The hydraulic pistons are located in the basic body ( 10 ) and in the outer centering ring ( 17 ).

In addition, the base body ( 10 ) in the center of the Basisflä surface ( 13 ) has a pivot bearing journal ( 20 ), the center line of which is the pivot axis ( 11 ). On the pivot bearing pin ( 20 ) a stub shaft ( 21 ) is attached, which carries a by means of a mut ter ( 23 ) set angular contact ball bearing ( 22 ). The angular contact ball bearing ( 22 ) limits the lifting of the turret head ( 40 ) from the base surface ( 13 ).

To pivot the turret ( 40 ) during and / or after unlocking between the base surface ( 13 ) and the inner centering ring ( 17 ) finely filtered gas, for example air, is pressed. The gas flows from bores ( 14 ) which open into the base surface ( 13 ). Due to the inflowing gas, the turret ( 40 ), held by the angular contact ball bearing ( 22 ), lifts from the base surface ( 13 ) by a few μm. The gas also causes a cleaning of the bed joint between the base surface ( 13 ) and the inner centering ring ( 17 ). It displaces hydraulic oil and / or bearing oil that may have penetrated into the bearing joint during the change in position of the turret ( 40 ), so that after the positioning of the turret ( 40 ) rests on an almost oil-free base surface ( 13 ). This significantly increases the repeatability when positioning. Furthermore, the resistance to friction in the bearing joint is reduced by the gas lift, which among other things accelerates the pivoting movement or the positioning process.

The drive gear for the swivel positioning is mainly in the base body ( 10 ). To this end sits a gear wheel (30), hereinafter referred to as a hollow shaft pinion (30), mounted from the flange (12), in the base body (10). The hollow shaft pinion ( 30 ) is an externally toothed hollow shaft with a left-hand end face toothing ( 33 ). Two roller bearings ( 31 ) and ( 32 ) are located on both sides of the external toothing. The outer rolling bearing ( 32 ) is mounted in the left-hand flange end of a cylinder sleeve ( 27 ), which in turn is centered in a base cover ( 26 ).

The hollow shaft pinion ( 30 ) meshes with a drive wheel ( 36 ) egg ner to the hollow shaft pinion ( 30 ) parallel auxiliary shaft ( 35 ). The latter is mounted in the base body ( 10 ) via three roller bearings. The countershaft end located away from the drive wheel ( 36 ) forms the driven wheel ( 37 ). The driven wheel ( 37 ), which is provided, for example, with a gear-flank involute toothing, meshes with a crown wheel ( 39 ) arranged on the spindle carrier ( 41 ). The crown gear center line corresponds to the swivel axis ( 11 ). As a result, the crown gear center line and auxiliary shaft center line enclose a 45 ° angle. The drive gear for swivel positioning has a total gear ratio of 6/1, ie six hollow shaft pinion rotations correspond to one crown wheel rotation.

The turret spindle ( 60 ) leads coaxially through the hollow shaft pinion ( 30 ). The revolver spindle ( 60 ), which is axially displaceable for switching purposes, has a central longitudinal bore ( 61 ) for guiding the coolant. With regard to its outer contour, it has four levels, with each level having a separate functional area. The first functional area concerns the right spindle end. There, the turret spindle ( 60 ) has a polygonal section ( 62 ) with which it is longitudinally displaceable in a drive adapter ( 73 ) with a complementary inner profile. The drive adapter ( 73 ) is flanged to the shaft of a drive motor, not shown. A stepped bore ( 63 ) is machined into the spindle end, which receives a cylindrical hydraulic adapter ( 74 ) via a thread. The free end of the hydraulic adapter ( 74 ) ends in the hollow shaft of the drive motor, not shown.

The next area of the turret spindle ( 60 ) is used for spin mounting in a hollow sliding piston ( 70 ). In the sliding piston ( 70 ), the turret spindle ( 60 ) is supported in an O arrangement by two roller bearings ( 71 ). The Verschiebekol ben ( 70 ) itself sits in the cylinder sleeve ( 27 ) which rigidly connects the base body ( 10 ) with the housing of the drive motor, not shown. The channels ( 28 ) and ( 29 ) are located in the cylinder sleeve ( 27 ). If the channel ( 28 ) is subjected to hydraulic pressure, the displacement piston ben ( 70 ) moves together with the turret spindle ( 60 ) to the right, while moving to the left when the channel ( 29 ) is loaded.

The third turret spindle area seen from the right is the section that crosses the hollow shaft pinion ( 30 ) and the basic body by ( 10 ) in the region of the pivot bearing journal ( 20 ) without radial guidance. The left turret spindle area connects to it. This is offset against the third area with a six-way grooved shoulder ( 64 ). The grooves worked into the shaft shoulder ( 64 ) have a contour that corresponds to the contour of the end face toothing ( 33 ) of the hollow shaft pinion ( 30 ). By pulling back the turret spindle ( 60 ), the studs of the shaft shoulder ( 64 ) engage in the gaps in the end face teeth ( 33 ), so that the turret spindle ( 60 ) is coupled in a rotationally rigid manner to the hollow shaft pinion ( 30 ).

In the left end of the turret spindle ( 60 ), a multi-stage recess ( 65 ) is incorporated, which is used, inter alia, to accommodate a hydraulic coupling ( 75 ) and a toothed or spline toothing ( 66 ). If the turret del ( 60 ) is in its working position, that is to say shifted to the left, the coaxially arranged tool holder spindle ( 50 ) projects with its complementarily toothed right end into the toothed shaft toothing ( 66 ). The hydraulic coupling ( 75 ) connects the longitudinal bore ( 61 ) of the turret spindle ( 60 ) with a longitudinal bore ( 51 ) of the tool holder spindle ( 50 ).

The tool holder spindle ( 50 ) sits over a spindle sleeve ( 47 ) in the spindle carrier ( 41 ), cf. also Fig. 2. Compared to the spindle sleeve ( 47 ), it has three bearings. In a right-hand cavity ( 43 ) between the assembly from the spindle sleeve ( 47 ) and the tool holder spindle ( 50 ) and the assembly from the spindle carrier ( 41 ) and the turret del ( 60 ) there is a locking element ( 55 ), which in the following as Positioning sleeve ( 55 ) is designated. The Posi tionierbüchse ( 55 ) has in its bottom a central bore with an internal toothing, over which it is torsionally rigid and longitudinally displaceable on the spline section ( 52 ) of the tool holder spindle ( 50 ). It dominates with its edge area a shaft nut ( 53 ) which axially fixes the rolling bearing of the tool holder spindle ( 50 ). On the shaft nut ( 53 ) it is supported by several coil springs ( 59 ). The positioning sleeve ( 55 ) has a flange-like edge ( 56 ), which here has eight recesses ( 57 ) distributed uniformly around the circumference.

If the turret spindle ( 60 ) is in its working position, the bottom of the positioning sleeve ( 55 ) is at its left end. The positioning sleeve ( 55 ) is pushed so far to the left against the pressure effect of the coil springs ( 59 ) that the head of a positioning screw ( 44 ) arranged in the spindle carrier ( 41 ) in the area of the cavity ( 43 ) is at least 0.5 mm from the edge ( 56 ) the positioning sleeve ( 55 ) is removed. If the turret spindle ( 60 ) is pulled back to drive the swivel positioning gear ( 30 - 39 ), the positioning sleeve ( 55 ) follows it in the axial direction until its edge ( 56 ) rests on the bottom of the cavity ( 43 ). Here one of the eight recesses ( 57 ) engages around the head of the positioning screw ( 44 ). Consequently, the tool holder spindle del ( 50 ) against the spindle carrier ( 41 ) ge against rotation.

In connection with the drive motor, a controlled synchronous and / or asynchronous motor with a high-resolution angle measuring system, which stops in a certain angular position, a tool held in the individual tool holding spindle ( 50 ) always takes the same position before and after its machining operation its angular position about its longitudinal axis.

The drive motor is equipped with a hollow shaft through which the coolant is fed to the turret spindle ( 60 ).

Reference list

10th

Basic body

11

Swivel axis

12th

Flange surface, on the back

13

Base area

14

Holes

17th

External centering ring

18th

Ring cylinder

19th

Ring piston

20th

Pivot bearing journal

21

Stub axle

22

Angular contact ball bearings

23

mother

26

Basic body cover

27

Cylinder sleeve, two parts

28

,

29

channels

30th

Hollow shaft pinion, gear wheel

31

,

32

Rolling bearings, inside, outside

33

Face gearing

35

Countershaft

36

drive wheel

37

Output gear

39

Crown gear

40

Turret

41

Spindle carrier

42

Inner centering ring

43

cavity

44

Positioning screw

47

Spindle sleeve

50

Tool holder spindle

51

Longitudinal bore

52

Spline profile section

53

Shaft nut

55

Positioning sleeve

56

Edge, flange-like

57

Recesses

59

Coil springs

60

Turret spindle

61

Longitudinal bore

62

Polygon section

63

Stepped bore

64

Wave shoulder

65

Recess

66

Spline teeth

70

Sliding piston

71

roller bearing

73

Drive adapter

74

Hydraulic adapter

75

hydraulic clutch

Claims (6)

1. Device for a tool turret, with a turret head arranged on a base body with an inclined pivot axis and having at least two tool holding spindles for coupling an axially displaceable turret spindle to the respective tool holding spindle and for coupling and pivoting the turret head, characterized in that

• 1. that the drive ( 27 - 29 , 70 - 71 ) for the coupling movement is arranged outside the base body ( 10 ),
• 2. that the device part ( 30 - 39 ) for pivoting the turret head ( 40 ) has only a single, to the turret spindle ( 60 ) par allel arranged auxiliary shaft ( 35 ), the input and output wheels ( 36 , 37 ) a straight and / or have helical gears,
• 3. that the auxiliary shaft ( 35 ) on the one hand via its drive wheel ( 36 ) with a drive wheel ( 36 ) driving this, coaxially to the turret spindle ( 60 ) mounted gear wheel ( 30 ) and on the other via its driven wheel ( 37 ) with a pivotable on Turret ( 40 ) arranged crown wheel ( 39 ) is permanently engaged and
• 4. that the turret spindle ( 60 ) is uncoupled from the gear wheel ( 30 ) during the machining phase.

2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive ( 27 - 29 , 70 - 71 ) for the coupling movement in the extension of the turret spindle ( 60 ) is arranged on the back of the base body ( 10 ). 3. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive ( 27 - 29 , 70 - 71 ) for the coupling movement is a hydraulic, double-acting cylinder-piston unit ( 27 , 70 ), the cylinder ( 27 ) at the same time the drive motor for the turret spindle ( 60 ) carries. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the crown gear ( 39 ) is axially and radially in the base body ( 10 ) ge and is crossed by the turret spindle ( 60 ) and a pivot bearing journal ( 20 ), the crossing of the turret spindle ( 60 ) takes place centrally. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that a gas or air is pressed into an axial bearing joint between the turret ( 40 ) and the base body ( 10 ) supporting it during the pivoting movement of the turret ( 40 ). 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that in the region of the coupling point between the turret del ( 60 ) and the tool holder spindle ( 50 ) on the latter, a locking element ( 55 ) is arranged in a rotationally rigid and longitudinally displaceable manner, which is spring-loaded in a positive manner to prevent rotation when disengaging in the disengaging direction rests on the turret head ( 40 ).