EP1542820A1 - Machine for rough-machining and planing functional elements of crankshafts or camshafts - Google Patents

Machine for rough-machining and planing functional elements of crankshafts or camshafts

Info

Publication number
EP1542820A1
EP1542820A1 EP03807774A EP03807774A EP1542820A1 EP 1542820 A1 EP1542820 A1 EP 1542820A1 EP 03807774 A EP03807774 A EP 03807774A EP 03807774 A EP03807774 A EP 03807774A EP 1542820 A1 EP1542820 A1 EP 1542820A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
crankshaft
machine
milling
tool
rotation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03807774A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Alfred Heimann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Niles Simmons Industrieanlagen GmbH
Original Assignee
Niles Simmons Industrieanlagen GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Niles Simmons Industrieanlagen GmbH filed Critical Niles Simmons Industrieanlagen GmbH
Publication of EP1542820A1 publication Critical patent/EP1542820A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B5/00Turning-machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor
    • B23B5/18Turning-machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor for turning crankshafts, eccentrics, or cams, e.g. crankpin lathes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C3/00Milling particular work; Special milling operations; Machines therefor
    • B23C3/06Milling crankshafts
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/51Plural diverse manufacturing apparatus including means for metal shaping or assembling
    • Y10T29/5104Type of machine
    • Y10T29/5109Lathe
    • Y10T29/5114Lathe and tool

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a machine for roughing and finishing functional elements of crankshafts or camshafts by turning and / or milling with two in alignment with the axis of rotation of the crankshaft or camshaft being machined and at a mutual distance from one another according to the length of the crankshaft or camshaft headstocks that can be driven at different speeds, each with a chuck and a center point integrated into each chuck.
  • the "functional elements" are, for example, the main and connecting rod bearing journals of crankshafts, the bearings and cams of camshafts and other parts of crankshafts or camshafts which are operatively connected to other components of an internal combustion engine.
  • a machine of the type mentioned above, which is used for machining crankshafts, is known for example from DE 197 49 939 AI.
  • the known machine has
  • a headstock that can be driven at different speeds, each with a chuck for the crankshaft
  • a support that can be moved in the X and Z directions with a rotating drivable milling tool
  • Direct spindle drives for tools and their advantages, particularly with regard to high dynamics and accuracy, are generally known.
  • the relevant specialist is also familiar with using such direct drives for the rotational movement of workpieces.
  • DE 101 30 433 AI a direct drive for a rotating on a lathe. Removable workpiece to be machined.
  • a generic machining center for crankshafts is known from De 43 29 610 C2.
  • the well-known 'machining center provides, for example on a machine bed, among others, at each end of a driven face plate for gripping and rotating a crankshaft,
  • a universal milling unit that can be moved in the X and Z directions and
  • a machining head that can be moved in the X and Z directions.
  • crankshafts at the hub bearings, main bearings, cheek side surfaces, end journals and end flanges should be machined on a single machine with little effort and in the shortest machining time.
  • the central, rotationally symmetrical surfaces, for example of the main bearing points should be by workpiece-based processes, that means being processed at high speeds.
  • machining eccentric, rotationally symmetrical surfaces, for example the hub bearings machining is provided by tool-based methods, that is to say at lower speeds.
  • the desired cutting speed is achieved by the rotational speed of the crankshaft.
  • longitudinal turning, facing, broaching, turning and turning-turning are mentioned.
  • the cutting speed by the movement, in particular rotation of the tool is achieved.
  • the Orthogonalfräsen, external milling and external cylindrical grinding According to these specifications does the known combination machine two workpiece spindles before that face each other at a mutual distance corresponding to the length While the one spindle can drive the workpiece at high speed, the second spindle is designed to drive the workpiece at a lower speed by a factor of 10.
  • the main bearing points are at high speeds the crankshaft is turned or cleared, the crankshaft's bearing positions are milled or ground at low speeds, and a compensating chuck is also used in the known combination machine , which has compensating jaws.
  • crankshafts are said to.
  • crank pins of crankshafts and the cams of camshafts should be able to be produced in such a way that they perform the required lifting movements during operation with high accuracy.
  • the stroke accuracy is the prerequisite for the use of tangent radii on connecting rod bearings and, of course, for the reduction of the material to be removed from the crankshaft bearings by grinding.
  • the headstocks are designed to be directly drivable and, with mutual spacing in the Z direction, two supports that can be moved in the X and Z directions, each with a rotationally drivable one Milling tool and two supports that can be moved in the X and Z directions, each with at least one Turning tool are provided, the milling and turning tools are diametrically opposite each other with respect to the common axis of rotation of the headstock.
  • crankshaft or camshaft to be machined such as the machining of the main and connecting rod bearing journals of a crankshaft, is carried out according to the invention in the order of roughing and finishing in a first machine.
  • the centering, machining of the ends and the introduction of oil bores, deep rolling, (laser hardening), grinding, superfinishing of the functional elements of the shaft being machined can then be carried out in other machines.
  • the first machine provided according to the invention corresponds to the idea of a short process chain, in which, when such a machine comes to a standstill or fails, the entire production line is not stopped, but rather the capacity of the production line is reduced for the downtime.
  • a crankshaft or a camshaft can be machined so precisely that the residual error in the main bearing alignment for the subsequent straightening rolling is very small.
  • the support which can be moved in the X and Z directions, can also be equipped with a broaching or grinding tool.
  • a plurality of turning tools can be arranged on the circumference of a turret disk.
  • the workpiece spindles should be provided with direct drives. These are drives ' that can drive the workpiece spindle without the interposition of further gears.
  • Such a direct drive is characterized by a particularly high level of accuracy because errors which can creep into the work result due to the gear play are eliminated.
  • a direct drive also has the advantage that it covers a wide speed range and can be controlled very precisely over a large speed range.
  • a tailstock with a quill is provided on the opposite side, in which a center point of the bearing, which is mounted in the axis of rotation of the shaft being machined, can be moved in the axial direction.
  • the direct drives for the workpiece spindles are provided in a speed range between 5 min “1 to 1500 min " 1 , but preferably at 1000 min "1 .
  • the machine has two double supports.
  • Each double support consists of a slide that can be moved in the Z direction, which can move parallel to the axis of the workpiece spindle, and an X slide, which bridges the shaft to be machined and has a milling structure on one side of the shaft with a milling disk and on the other Side of a turning setup with a turning tool.
  • the rotary assembly can consist of a turret disk with at least one turning tool, or can have a continuous drive with a broaching tool for turning broaching.
  • the double support is opposed by a second identical double support at a distance in the Z direction, similar to the case with the chucks of the workpiece spindles.
  • two bearing points for the main or pin bearings can be machined simultaneously from both ends of the crankshaft or camshaft to be machined.
  • two tool supports are again provided, on which turning tools or broaching tools are attached. The latter are assumed to be able to make a limited amount of rotation about their spindle axis.
  • Rotary tools are provided with turret disks which are equipped with different tools which come into engagement one after the other. This arrangement also makes it possible to simultaneously process the corresponding main bearing points of the crankshaft or camshaft from both ends.
  • crank pins when machining a crankshaft, the main bearings one and five and the main bearings two and four are machined simultaneously, while for reasons of space the main bearing three is machined at the end.
  • the processing sequence for the crank pins is similar, first the two crank pins one and four and then the two crank pins two and three are machined simultaneously.
  • Fig. 1 is a plan view of the machine
  • Fig. 2 shows a cross section through the machine along the
  • two headstocks 3 and 4 are arranged opposite one another in the direction of the longitudinal center axis 2.
  • the mutual distance between the two headstocks 3 and 4 corresponds to the length of a crankshaft 5 which is clamped between the two headstocks 3 and 4.
  • crankshaft 5 is clamped in by jaw chucks 6 and 7, one of which engages 6 on the flange 8 of the crankshaft 5 and the other 7 on the latter Pin 9.
  • the crankshaft 5 is still centered at its two ends 8 and 9 in grain tips 10 and 11.
  • the center points 10 and 11 are aligned with the longitudinal center axis 2 of the machine 1 and are at the same time concentric with the main axis of rotation of the crankshaft 5.
  • a tool support 12 is also provided, via which a milling tool 13 can be rotatably driven.
  • the tool support 12 can be moved in the two directions X and Z with respect to the machine bed 1.
  • a suitable drive 14, as is known per se, is used for this purpose.
  • a second tool support 15 is provided opposite the longitudinal center axis 2 and at approximately the same distance therefrom.
  • the tool support 15 carries, for example, a turret disk 16, which is equipped with different turning tools 17, for example turning tools or broaches.
  • the tool supports 12 and 15 can be moved by a single drive 1 ′′ 4 in the X direction and possibly also in the Z direction and thus form a double support.
  • the milling tool 13 is rotatably supported in the tool support 12 about the axis of rotation 18 and the turret disk 16 in the tool support 15 about the axis of rotation 19.
  • two further tool supports 20 and 21 are then provided on the machine bed 1, which also represent a double support due to their common drive 14.
  • Support is 20 also equipped with a milling disk 13 which can be driven about the support axis 22.
  • the support 21 is in turn equipped with a turret disk 16 which can be pivoted about the axis of rotation 23. With the help of the two additional tool supports 20 and 21, the crankshaft 5 can be machined from both ends 8 and 9 simultaneously.
  • the turning tools 17 of the two turret disks 16 are simultaneously engaged on the first and fifth, then on the second and fourth and finally one of the two turret drives 16 with their turning tool 17 on the third main bearing of the crankshaft 5, the crankshaft 5 rotating at high speeds.
  • the two milling disks 13 work with their cutting edges first the two crank pins one and four and then the two crank pins two and three simultaneously, while the crankshaft 5 rotates at low speeds. In the latter
  • Machining state are the two milling disks 13 in the axial direction, i.e. as close as possible to each other in the Z direction.
  • the two jaw chuck 6 and 7 each equalizing jaws 24 which ensure 'that 5 unilateral forces are not transmitted to the crank shaft 5 during the tensioning of the crankshaft.
  • Jaw chucks 6 and 7 with these properties are known as compensating chucks. After each machining operation, ie after turning or milling, the clamping jaws 24 of the compensating jaw chucks 6 and / or 7 are loosened briefly. As a result, the stresses introduced into the crankshaft 5 by chip removal can be briefly reduced again. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

Abstract

The invention relates to a machine for rough-planing and planing functional elements of crankshafts or camshafts by rotating and/or milling, fitted with two spindle heads which are arranged in the alignment of the axis of rotation of the respectively machined crankshaft or camshaft at a reciprocal distance from each other corresponding to the length of the crankshaft or camshaft and which can be driven at different speeds of rotation, respectively provided with a lining and a back center which is integrated into each of the linings. According to the invention, the spindle heads (3 and 4) can be driven directly and are provided with supports (12,20) which can be displaced in a direction X and Z at a respectively reciprocal distance and which respectively comprise a rotatingly driven milling tool (13), in addition to two supports (15,21) which are respectively provided with at least one rotating tool (17). The milling and rotating tools are located in diametrically opposite positions in relation to the common axis of rotation of the spindle heads.

Description

Maschine zum Schruppen und Schlichten von Funktionselementen von Kurbel- oder Nockenwellen Machine for roughing and finishing functional elements of crankshafts or camshafts
Die Erfindung betrifft Maschine zum Schruppen und Schlichten von Funktionselementen von Kurbel- oder Nockenwellen durch Drehen und/oder Fräsen mit zwei in der Flucht der Drehachse der jeweils bearbeiteten Kurbeloder Nockenwelle und in einem gegenseitigen Abstand voneinander entsprechend der Länge der Kurbel- oder Nockenwelle angeordneten und mit unterschiedlichen Drehzahlen antreibbaren Spindelstöcken mit je einem Futter und einer in jedes der Futter integrierten Körnerspitze. Als "Funktionselemente" werden dabei beispielsweise die Haupt- und Pleuellagerzapfen von Kurbelwellen, die Lager und Nocken von Nockenwellen sowie sonstige Teile von Kurbel- oder Nockenwellen angesehen, die im Betrieb in Wirkverbindung mit anderen Bauelementen eines Verbrennungsmotors stehen.The invention relates to a machine for roughing and finishing functional elements of crankshafts or camshafts by turning and / or milling with two in alignment with the axis of rotation of the crankshaft or camshaft being machined and at a mutual distance from one another according to the length of the crankshaft or camshaft headstocks that can be driven at different speeds, each with a chuck and a center point integrated into each chuck. The "functional elements" are, for example, the main and connecting rod bearing journals of crankshafts, the bearings and cams of camshafts and other parts of crankshafts or camshafts which are operatively connected to other components of an internal combustion engine.
Eine Maschine der voranstehend genannten Art, die zum Bearbeiten von Kurbelwellen dient, ist beispielsweise bekannt aus der DE 197 49 939 AI. Die bekannte Maschine weistA machine of the type mentioned above, which is used for machining crankshafts, is known for example from DE 197 49 939 AI. The known machine has
- einen mit unterschiedlichen Drehzahlen antreibbaren Spindelstock mit je einem Futter für die Kurbelwelle,a headstock that can be driven at different speeds, each with a chuck for the crankshaft,
- eine in jedes Futter integrierte Körnerspitze,- a center point integrated into each feed,
- einen in X- und Z-Richtung verfahrbaren Support mit einem drehend antreibbaren Fräswerkzeug und- A support that can be moved in the X and Z directions with a rotating drivable milling tool and
- einen in X- und Z-Richtung verfahrbaren Support mit einem Drehwerkzeug auf. (vgl. DE 197 49 939 AI, Fig. la und 2, Sp. 4, Zeilen 30-47, Sp. 5, Zeilen 29-39 und Sp . 6, Zeilen 1-4 sowie Ansprüche IS, 21, 22 und 23) .- A support that can be moved in the X and Z directions with a turning tool on. (cf. DE 197 49 939 AI, FIGS. 1 a and 2, column 4, lines 30-47, column 5, lines 29-39 and column 6, lines 1-4 and claims IS, 21, 22 and 23 ).
Direkte Spindelantriebe für- Werkzeuge und ihre Vorzüge insbesondere bezüglich hoher Dynamik und Genauigkeit sind allgemein bekannt . Derartige Direktantriebe auch für die Rotationsbewegung von Werkstücken zu benutzen, ist dem einschlägigen Fachmann ebenfalls geläufig. In diesem Zusammenhang ist beispielsweise aus der DE 101 30 433 AI ein Direktantrieb für ein auf einer Drehmaschine drehend . zu bearbeitendes Werkstück entnehmbar.Direct spindle drives for tools and their advantages, particularly with regard to high dynamics and accuracy, are generally known. The relevant specialist is also familiar with using such direct drives for the rotational movement of workpieces. In this context, for example from DE 101 30 433 AI a direct drive for a rotating on a lathe. Removable workpiece to be machined.
Aus der De 43 29 610 C2 ist ein gattungsgemäßes BearbeitungsZentrum für Kurbelwellen bekannt. Das bekannte 'BearbeitungsZentrum sieht beispielsweise auf einem Maschinenbett unter anderem an jedem Ende eine angetriebene Planscheibe zum Einspannen und Rotieren einer Kurbelwelle,A generic machining center for crankshafts is known from De 43 29 610 C2. The well-known 'machining center provides, for example on a machine bed, among others, at each end of a driven face plate for gripping and rotating a crankshaft,
- eine in X- und Z-Richtung verfahrbare Universalfräseinheit und- A universal milling unit that can be moved in the X and Z directions and
- einen in X- und Z-Richtung verfahrbaren Bearbeitungskopf vor.- A machining head that can be moved in the X and Z directions.
Aus der DE 100 52 443 AI ist darüber hinaus eine so genannte "Kombimaschine" bekannt. Auf der Kombimaschine sollen Kurbelwellen an den Hublagerstellen, Hauptlagerstellen, Wangenseitenflächen, Endzapfen und Endflanschen auf einer einzigen Maschine mit geringem Aufwand und in kürzester Bearbeitungszeit bearbeitet werden können. Dabei sollen die zentrischen, rotationssymmetrischen Flächen, beispielsweise der Hauptlagerstellen, durch werkstückbasierte Verfahren, dass heißt mit hohen Drehzahlen bearbeitet werden. Bei der Bearbeitung von exzentrischen, rotationssymmetrischen Flächen, beispielsweise den Hublagerstellen, ist die Bearbeitung durch werkzeugbasierte Verfahren, dass heißt mit geringeren Drehzahlen vorgesehen. Bei den werkstückbasierten Verfahren wird die gewünschte Schnittgeschwindigkeit durch die Rotationsgeschwindigkeit der Kurbelwelle erreicht. In diesem Zusammenhang werden genannt das Längsdrehen, Plandrehen, Räumen, Drehräumen und Dreh-Drehr umen. Nach den werkzeugbasierten Verfahren wird die Schnittgeschwindigkeit durch die Bewegung, insbesondere Rotation des Werkzeuges" erzielt. In diesem Zusammenhang sind bekannt das Orthogonalfräsen, Außenfräsen und Außenrundschleifen. Entsprechend diesen Vorgaben sieht die bekannte Kombimaschine zwei Werkstückspindeln vor, die einander im gegenseitigen Abstand, entsprechend der Länge der Kurbelwelle gegenüberliegen und in der Hauptdrehachse der Kurbelwelle miteinander fluchten. Während die eine Spindel das Werkstück mit hoher Drehzahl antreiben kann, ist die zweite Spindel dazu vorgesehen, das Werkstück mit einer um den Faktor 10 niedrigeren Drehzahl anzutreiben. Mit hohen Drehzahlen werden beispielsweise die Hauptlagerstellen der Kurbelwelle gedreht oder geräumt, mit niedrigen Drehzahlen die Hublagerstellen der Kurbelwelle gefräst oder geschliffen. Auch ist bei der bekannten Kombimaschine bereits der Einsatz eines ausgleichenden Spannfutters vorgesehen. Das ist ein Spannfutter, welches ausgleichende Spannbacken aufweist. Auf der bekannten Kombimaschine sollen Kurbelwellen an den. einschlägigen Bearbeitungsstellen (Hublagerstellen, Hauptlagersteilen, Wangenseitenflächen, Endzapfen/Endflansch) auf einer einzigen Maschine und damit mit geringem Aufwand an Investitionsgütern und dennoch insgesamt sehr zeiteffizient bearbeitet werden können (vgl. DE 100 52 443 AI, Sp. 3, Ziff. [0013], technische Aufgabe) .From DE 100 52 443 AI a so-called "combination machine" is also known. On the combination machine, crankshafts at the hub bearings, main bearings, cheek side surfaces, end journals and end flanges should be machined on a single machine with little effort and in the shortest machining time. The central, rotationally symmetrical surfaces, for example of the main bearing points, should be by workpiece-based processes, that means being processed at high speeds. When machining eccentric, rotationally symmetrical surfaces, for example the hub bearings, machining is provided by tool-based methods, that is to say at lower speeds. With the workpiece-based processes, the desired cutting speed is achieved by the rotational speed of the crankshaft. In this context, longitudinal turning, facing, broaching, turning and turning-turning are mentioned. According to the tool-based methods, the cutting speed by the movement, in particular rotation of the tool "is achieved. In this context, are known the Orthogonalfräsen, external milling and external cylindrical grinding. According to these specifications does the known combination machine two workpiece spindles before that face each other at a mutual distance corresponding to the length While the one spindle can drive the workpiece at high speed, the second spindle is designed to drive the workpiece at a lower speed by a factor of 10. For example, the main bearing points are at high speeds the crankshaft is turned or cleared, the crankshaft's bearing positions are milled or ground at low speeds, and a compensating chuck is also used in the known combination machine , which has compensating jaws. On the known combination machine, crankshafts are said to. relevant processing points (hub bearings, main bearing parts, cheek side surfaces, end journals / end flange) on a single machine and thus with little investment and investment can nevertheless be processed in a very time-efficient manner overall (cf. DE 100 52 443 AI, column 3, item [0013], technical problem).
Es wurde nun gefunden, . dass man befriedigende Bearbeitungsergebnisse und -zelten an einer Kurbel- oder Nockenwelle auch erreichen kann, wenn man die Komplettbearbeitung der Kurbel- bzw. Nockenwelle nicht auf einer einzigen Maschine durchführt .It has now been found. that you can achieve satisfactory machining results and tents on a crankshaft or camshaft even if the complete machining of the crankshaft or camshaft is not carried out on a single machine.
Daraus ergibt sich die Aufgabe für die vorliegende Erfindung, die Fertigungsgenauigkeit weiter zu erhöhen und insbesondere zu bearbeitenden Funktionselemente der von Kurbel- oder Nockenwellen so zu fertigen, dass sie mit größerer Genauigkeit den Anforderungen genügen, die an die von ihnen im Betrieb ausgeführten Bewegungen gestellt werden.. Insbesondere sollen die Hubzapfen von Kurbelwellen und die Nocken von Nockenwellen so erzeugt werden können, dass sie im Betrieb mit hoher Genauigkeit die von ihnen geforderten Hubbewegungen ausführen. So ist beispielsweise die Hubgenauigkeit die Voraussetzung für die Verwendung von tangierenden Radien an Pleuellagern und natürlich auch für die Verringerung des anschließend durch Schleifen von den Lagerstellen der Kurbelwelle abzutragenden Materials.This results in the object of the present invention to further increase the manufacturing accuracy and in particular to produce functional elements to be machined of crankshafts or camshafts in such a way that they meet the requirements placed on the movements they perform in operation with greater accuracy .. In particular, the crank pins of crankshafts and the cams of camshafts should be able to be produced in such a way that they perform the required lifting movements during operation with high accuracy. For example, the stroke accuracy is the prerequisite for the use of tangent radii on connecting rod bearings and, of course, for the reduction of the material to be removed from the crankshaft bearings by grinding.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird eine Maschine vorgeschlagen, bei der neben den bekannten Merkmalen der eingangs erläuterten Maschine die Spindelstocke direkt antreibbar ausgestaltet sind und mit jeweils gegenseitigem Abstand in der Z-Richtung zwei in X- und Z- Richtung verfahrbare Supporte mit jeweils einem drehend antreibbaren Fräswerkzeug sowie zwei in X- und Z-Richtung verfahrbare Supporte mit jeweils wenigstens einem Drehwerkzeug vorgesehen sind, wobei sich die Fräs- und die Drehwerkzeuge in Bezug auf die gemeinsame Drehachse der Spindelstocke jeweils diametral gegenüberliegen.To solve this problem, a machine is proposed in which, in addition to the known features of the machine explained at the outset, the headstocks are designed to be directly drivable and, with mutual spacing in the Z direction, two supports that can be moved in the X and Z directions, each with a rotationally drivable one Milling tool and two supports that can be moved in the X and Z directions, each with at least one Turning tool are provided, the milling and turning tools are diametrically opposite each other with respect to the common axis of rotation of the headstock.
Die genaue Vorfertigung der jeweils zu bearbeitenden Kurbel- oder Nockenwelle, wie beispielsweise die Bearbeitung der Haupt- und Pleuellagerzapfen einer Kurbelwelle, • wird erfindungsgemäß in der Reihenfolge Schruppen und Schlichten in einer ersten Maschine vorgenommen. Das Zentrieren, Bearbeiten der Enden sowie das Einbringen von Ölbohrungen, Festwalzen, (Laserhärten) , Schleifen, Superfinishen der Funktionselemente der jeweils bearbeiteten Welle können sich daran in weiteren Maschinen anschließen.The precise prefabrication of the crankshaft or camshaft to be machined, such as the machining of the main and connecting rod bearing journals of a crankshaft, is carried out according to the invention in the order of roughing and finishing in a first machine. The centering, machining of the ends and the introduction of oil bores, deep rolling, (laser hardening), grinding, superfinishing of the functional elements of the shaft being machined can then be carried out in other machines.
Die erfindungsgemäß vorgesehene erste Maschine entspricht der Idee einer kurzen Prozesskette, bei der bei Stillstand oder Ausfall einer derartigen Maschine nicht die gesamte Fertigungsstraße gestoppt wird, sondern lediglich für die Stillstandsdauer die Kapazität der Fertigungsstraße reduziert wird. Auf einer derartigen ersten Maschine kann eine Kurbel- oder eine Nockenwelle so genau bearbeitet werden, dass der Restfehler der Hauptlagerausrichtung für das anschließende Richtwalzen sehr klein ist.The first machine provided according to the invention corresponds to the idea of a short process chain, in which, when such a machine comes to a standstill or fails, the entire production line is not stopped, but rather the capacity of the production line is reduced for the downtime. On a first machine of this type, a crankshaft or a camshaft can be machined so precisely that the residual error in the main bearing alignment for the subsequent straightening rolling is very small.
Anstelle eines Fräswerkzeugs kann der in X- und Z- Richtung verfahrbare Support auch mit einem Räum- oder Schleifwerkzeug ausgerüstet sein. Anstelle eines einzelnen Drehwerkzeugs kann eine Mehrzahl von Drehwerkzeugen auf dem Umfang einer Revolverscheibe angeordnet sein. Insbesondere sollen die Werkstückspindeln mit Direktantrieben versehen sein. Dieses sind Antriebe,' welche die Werkstückspindel ohne Zwischenschaltung von weiteren Getrieben antreiben können. Ein solcher Direktantrieb zeichnet sich durch eine besonders hohe Genauigkeit aus, weil Fehler, welche sich durch das Getriebespiel in das Arbeitsergebnis einschleichen können, ausgeschaltet werden. Ein Direktantrieb bietet zudem den Vorteil, dass er einen weiten Drehzahlbereich abdeckt und über einen großen Drehzahlbereich sehr genau gesteuert werden kann.Instead of a milling tool, the support, which can be moved in the X and Z directions, can also be equipped with a broaching or grinding tool. Instead of a single turning tool, a plurality of turning tools can be arranged on the circumference of a turret disk. In particular, the workpiece spindles should be provided with direct drives. These are drives ' that can drive the workpiece spindle without the interposition of further gears. Such a direct drive is characterized by a particularly high level of accuracy because errors which can creep into the work result due to the gear play are eliminated. A direct drive also has the advantage that it covers a wide speed range and can be controlled very precisely over a large speed range.
Durch den Einsatz von zwei in der Flucht der Drehachse der jeweils bearbeiteten Welle und in einem gegenseitigen Abstand voneinander, entsprechend der Länge der betreffenden Welle, vorgesehenen Direktantrieben für die Spannfutter für die jeweilige Welle kann das für die Zerspanung erforderliche hohe Drehmoment von zwei Seiten her gleichzeitig in das Werkstück eingeleitet werden. Dadurch wird die Torsion des Werkstücks erheblich vermindert .By using two direct drives for the chuck for the respective shaft, which are provided in alignment with the axis of rotation of the shaft being machined and at a mutual distance from one another, corresponding to the length of the shaft in question, the high torque required for machining can be carried out simultaneously from two sides be introduced into the workpiece. This considerably reduces the torsion of the workpiece.
Beim Einsatz von einer einzigen Werkstückspindel ist auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite ein Reitstock mit einer Pinole vorgesehen, worin eine in der Drehachse der jeweils bearbeiteten Welle gelagerte Körnerspitze in axialer Richtung verfahren werden kann.If a single workpiece spindle is used, a tailstock with a quill is provided on the opposite side, in which a center point of the bearing, which is mounted in the axis of rotation of the shaft being machined, can be moved in the axial direction.
Bei der Verwendung von ausgleichenden Futtern hat es sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen, sogar zwei Körnerspitzen vorzusehen, zwischen denen die zu bearbeitende Welle aufgenommen wird. Die angrenzenden Backenfutter haben dann nur noch das Drehmoment aufzubringen und das kann derart schonend erfolgen, dass erhöhte Drücke durch einzelne Backen eines Futters vermieden werden. Auch aus dieser, Sicht wird die Welle durch das Einspannen in den. Werkstückspindeln nur wenig belastet, was der Genauigkeit der Fertigung schließlich zu Gute kommt.When using compensating chucks, it has proven to be advantageous to even provide two center points between which the shaft to be machined is received. The adjacent jaw chuck then only have to apply the torque and this can be done so gently that increased pressures occur individual baking of a food can be avoided. Also from this point of view, the shaft is clamped in the. Workpiece spindles are only slightly loaded, which ultimately benefits the accuracy of the production.
Die Direktantriebe für die Werkstückspindeln sind in einem Drehzahlbereich zwischen 5 min"1 bis 1500 min"1, vorzugsweise aber bei 1000 min"1 vorgesehen.The direct drives for the workpiece spindles are provided in a speed range between 5 min "1 to 1500 min " 1 , but preferably at 1000 min "1 .
Die Maschine besitzt zwei doppelte Supporte. Jeder doppelte Support besteht aus einem in Z-Richtung bewegbaren Schlitten, der sich parallel zur Achse der Werkstückspindel bewegen kann und einen X-Schlitten, der die zu bearbeitenden Welle überbrückt und auf einer Seite der Welle einen Fräsaufbau hat mit einer Frässcheibe und auf der anderen Seite einen Drehaufbau mit einem Drehwerkzeug. Der Drehaufbau kann aus einer Revolverscheibe mit wenigstens einem Drehmeißel bestehen, oder einen kontinuierlichen Antrieb mit einem Räumwerkzeug zum Drehräumen aufweisen.The machine has two double supports. Each double support consists of a slide that can be moved in the Z direction, which can move parallel to the axis of the workpiece spindle, and an X slide, which bridges the shaft to be machined and has a milling structure on one side of the shaft with a milling disk and on the other Side of a turning setup with a turning tool. The rotary assembly can consist of a turret disk with at least one turning tool, or can have a continuous drive with a broaching tool for turning broaching.
Zur Verkürzung der Bearbeitungszeiten ist es vorteilhaft, wenn dem einen doppelten Support ein zweiter gleichartiger doppelter Support im Abstand in Z-Richtung gegenüberliegt, ähnlich wie das der Fall bei den Spannfuttern der Werkstückspindeln ist. Auf diese Weise können von beiden Enden der zu bearbeitenden Kurbel- oder Nockenwelle her jeweils zwei Lagerstellen für die Hauptoder Hublager gleichzeitig bearbeitet werden. Im Zusammenhang damit sind auch wieder zwei Werkzeugsupporte vorgesehen, an denen Drehwerkzeuge oder Räumwerkzeuge befestigt sind. Bei letzteren wird vorausgesetzt, dass sie eine Drehung von begrenztem Umfang um ihre Spindelachse ausführen können. Bei der Verwendung von Drehwerkzeugen sind Revolverscheiben vorgesehen, die mit unterschiedlichen Werkzeugen bestückt sind, welche nacheinander in Eingriff kommen. Auch durch diese Anordnung wird es möglich, die entsprechenden Hauptlagerstellen der Kurbel- oder Nockenwelle von beiden Enden her gleichzeitig zu bearbeiten. So werden bei der Bearbeitung einer Kurbelwelle beispielsweise die Hauptlager eins und fünf sowie die Hauptlager zwei und vier jeweils gleichzeitig bearbeitet, während aus Platzgründen das Hauptlager drei zum Schluss allein bearbeitet wird. Bei den Hubzapfen ist die Bearbeitungsfolge ähnlich, zuerst werden die beiden Hubzapfen eins und vier und anschließend die beiden Hubzapfen zwei und drei gleichzeitig bearbeitet.To shorten the machining times, it is advantageous if the double support is opposed by a second identical double support at a distance in the Z direction, similar to the case with the chucks of the workpiece spindles. In this way, two bearing points for the main or pin bearings can be machined simultaneously from both ends of the crankshaft or camshaft to be machined. In connection with this, two tool supports are again provided, on which turning tools or broaching tools are attached. The latter are assumed to be able to make a limited amount of rotation about their spindle axis. When using Rotary tools are provided with turret disks which are equipped with different tools which come into engagement one after the other. This arrangement also makes it possible to simultaneously process the corresponding main bearing points of the crankshaft or camshaft from both ends. For example, when machining a crankshaft, the main bearings one and five and the main bearings two and four are machined simultaneously, while for reasons of space the main bearing three is machined at the end. The processing sequence for the crank pins is similar, first the two crank pins one and four and then the two crank pins two and three are machined simultaneously.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung an einem Ausführungsbeispiel näher beschrieben.The invention is described in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment.
Es zeigen jeweils nicht maßstäblich dieEach does not show the to scale
Fig. 1 eine Draufsicht auf die Maschine undFig. 1 is a plan view of the machine and
Fig. 2 einen Querschnitt durch die Maschine längs derFig. 2 shows a cross section through the machine along the
Linie II-II der Fig. 1.Line II-II of Fig. 1st
Auf dem Maschinenbett 1 sind in Richtung der Längsmittelachse 2 zwei Spindelstöcke 3 und 4 im Abstand voneinander gegenüberliegend angeordnet. Der gegenseitige Abstand der beiden Spindelstöcke 3 und 4 entspricht der Länge einer Kurbelwelle 5, welche zwischen den beiden Spindelstöcken 3 und 4 eingespannt ist.On the machine bed 1, two headstocks 3 and 4 are arranged opposite one another in the direction of the longitudinal center axis 2. The mutual distance between the two headstocks 3 and 4 corresponds to the length of a crankshaft 5 which is clamped between the two headstocks 3 and 4.
Das Einspannen der Kurbelwelle 5 erfolgt durch Backenfutter 6 und 7 von denen das eine 6 am Flansch 8 der Kurbelwelle 5 angreift und das andere 7 an deren Zapfen 9. Außerdem ist die Kurbelwelle 5 an ihren beiden Enden 8 und 9 noch in Körnerspitzen 10 und 11 zentriert gelagert. Die Körnerspitzen 10 und.11 fluchten mit der Längsmittelachse 2 der Maschine 1 und sind zugleich konzentrisch zur Hauptdrehachse der Kurbelwelle 5.The crankshaft 5 is clamped in by jaw chucks 6 and 7, one of which engages 6 on the flange 8 of the crankshaft 5 and the other 7 on the latter Pin 9. In addition, the crankshaft 5 is still centered at its two ends 8 and 9 in grain tips 10 and 11. The center points 10 and 11 are aligned with the longitudinal center axis 2 of the machine 1 and are at the same time concentric with the main axis of rotation of the crankshaft 5.
Zusätzlich ist noch ein Werkzeugsupport 12 vorgesehen, über welchen ein Fräswerkzeug 13 drehbar angetrieben werden kann. Der Werkzeugsupport 12 kann in den beiden Richtungen X und Z in Bezug auf das Maschinenbett 1 verfahren werden. Dazu dient ein geeigneter Antrieb 14, wie er an sich bekannt ist.In addition, a tool support 12 is also provided, via which a milling tool 13 can be rotatably driven. The tool support 12 can be moved in the two directions X and Z with respect to the machine bed 1. A suitable drive 14, as is known per se, is used for this purpose.
Gegenüber der Längsmittelachse 2 und etwa in gleichem Abstand davon ist ein zweiter Werkzeugsupport 15 vorgesehen. Der Werkzeugsupport 15 trägt beispielsweise eine Revolverscheibe 16, welche mit unterschiedlichen Drehwerkzeugen 17, beispielsweise Drehmeißeln oder Räumschneiden bestückt ist .A second tool support 15 is provided opposite the longitudinal center axis 2 and at approximately the same distance therefrom. The tool support 15 carries, for example, a turret disk 16, which is equipped with different turning tools 17, for example turning tools or broaches.
Die Werkzeugsupporte 12 und 15 können von einem einzelnen Antrieb 1"4 in der X-Richtung und gegebenenfalls auch in der Z-Richtung verfahren werden und bilden somit einen doppelten Support .The tool supports 12 and 15 can be moved by a single drive 1 4 in the X direction and possibly also in the Z direction and thus form a double support.
Das Fräswerkzeug 13 ist im Werkzeugsupport 12 um die Drehachse 18 drehbar gelagert und die Revolverscheibe 16 im Werkzeugsupport 15 um die Drehachse 19.The milling tool 13 is rotatably supported in the tool support 12 about the axis of rotation 18 and the turret disk 16 in the tool support 15 about the axis of rotation 19.
In einem Abstand entsprechend einem Abschnitt der Länge der Kurbelwelle 5 sind sodann auf dem Maschinenbett 1 noch zwei weitere Werkzeugsupporte 20 und 21 vorgesehen, die infolge ihres gemeinsamen Antriebs 14 ebenfalls einen doppelten Support darstellen. Der Support 20 ist ebenfalls mit einer Frässcheibe 13 bestückt, die um die Supportachse 22 antreibbar ist. Der Support 21 ist seinerseits mit einer Revolverscheibe 16 bestückt, welche um die Drehachse 23 geschwenkt werden kann. Mit Hilfe der beiden zusätzlichen Werkzeugsupporte 20 und 21 kann die Kurbelwelle 5 von beiden Enden 8 und 9 her gleichzeitig bearbeitet werden. Dabei sind zunächst die Drehmeißel 17 der beiden Revolverscheiben 16 gleichzeitig am ersten und fünften, danach am zweiten und vierten und zuletzt eine der beiden Revolverscheiben 16 mit ihrem Drehmeißel 17 am dritten Hauptlager der Kurbelwelle 5 im Eingriff, wobei die Kurbelwelle 5 mit hohen Drehzahlen dreht . Demgegenüber bearbeiten die beiden Frässcheiben 13 mit ihren Schneiden zuerst die beiden Hubzapfen eins und vier und anschließend die beiden Hubzapfen zwei und drei gleichzeitig, während die Kurbelwelle 5 mit niedrigen Drehzahlen dreht. Im zuletzt genanntenAt a distance corresponding to a section of the length of the crankshaft 5, two further tool supports 20 and 21 are then provided on the machine bed 1, which also represent a double support due to their common drive 14. Support is 20 also equipped with a milling disk 13 which can be driven about the support axis 22. The support 21 is in turn equipped with a turret disk 16 which can be pivoted about the axis of rotation 23. With the help of the two additional tool supports 20 and 21, the crankshaft 5 can be machined from both ends 8 and 9 simultaneously. First, the turning tools 17 of the two turret disks 16 are simultaneously engaged on the first and fifth, then on the second and fourth and finally one of the two turret drives 16 with their turning tool 17 on the third main bearing of the crankshaft 5, the crankshaft 5 rotating at high speeds. In contrast, the two milling disks 13 work with their cutting edges first the two crank pins one and four and then the two crank pins two and three simultaneously, while the crankshaft 5 rotates at low speeds. In the latter
Bearbeitungszustand sind die beiden Frässcheiben 13 in axialer Richtung, d.h. in der Z-Richtung soweit wie möglich aneinander angenähert.Machining state are the two milling disks 13 in the axial direction, i.e. as close as possible to each other in the Z direction.
Die beiden Backenfutter 6 und 7 weisen jeweils ausgleichende Spannbacken 24 auf, welche dafür sorgen,' dass beim Spannen der Kurbelwelle 5 einseitige Kräfte nicht auf die Kurbelwelle 5 übertragen werden. Backenfutter 6 und 7 mit diesen Eigenschaften bezeichnet man als ausgleichende Spannfutter. Nach jeder spanabhebenden Operation, d.h. nach dem Drehen oder Fräsen, erfolgt ein kurzes Lösen der Spannbacken 24 der ausgleichenden Backenfutter 6 und/oder 7. Dadurch können die durch die Spanabnahme in die Kurbelwelle 5 eingebrachten Spannungen kurzzeitig wieder abgebaut werden. BezugszeichenlisteThe two jaw chuck 6 and 7 each equalizing jaws 24 which ensure 'that 5 unilateral forces are not transmitted to the crank shaft 5 during the tensioning of the crankshaft. Jaw chucks 6 and 7 with these properties are known as compensating chucks. After each machining operation, ie after turning or milling, the clamping jaws 24 of the compensating jaw chucks 6 and / or 7 are loosened briefly. As a result, the stresses introduced into the crankshaft 5 by chip removal can be briefly reduced again. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
1 Maschinenbett1 machine bed
2. Längsmittelachse Second Longitudinal central axis
3 Spindelstock3 headstock
4 Spindelstock4 headstock
5 Kurbelwelle5 crankshaft
6 Backenfutter6 jaw chucks
7 Backenfutter7 jaw chuck
8 Flansch8 flange
9 Zapfen9 cones
10 Körnerspitze10 center punch
11 Körnerspitze11 center punch
12 Werkzeugsupport12 Tool support
13 Fräswerkzeug13 milling tool
14 Supportantrieb14 support drive
15 2. Werkzeugsupport15 2. Tool support
16 Revolverscheibe16 turret disk
17 Drehwerkzeug17 turning tool
18 Drehachse18 axis of rotation
19 Drehachse19 axis of rotation
20 Support20 support
21 Support21 support
22 Drehachse22 axis of rotation
23 Drehachse23 axis of rotation
24 Spannbacken 24 jaws

Claims

P AJJLE N T A N S P R U C H E P AJJLE N T A N S P R U C H E
Maschine zum Schruppen und Schlichten von Funktionselementen von Kurbel- oder Nockenwellen durch Drehen und/oder Fräsen mit zwei in der Flucht der Drehachse der jeweils bearbeiteten Kurbel- oder Nockenwelle und in einem gegenseitigen Abstand voneinander entsprechend der Länge der Kurbel- oder Nockenwelle angeordneten und mit unterschiedlichen Drehzahlen antreibbaren Spindelstöcken mit je einem Futter und einer in jedes der Futter integrierten Körnerspitze, d a du r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a s sMachine for roughing and finishing functional elements of crankshafts or camshafts by turning and / or milling with two aligned with the axis of rotation of the crankshaft or camshaft being machined and at a mutual distance from one another according to the length of the crankshaft or camshaft and with different ones Speed-driven headstocks with a chuck and a center point integrated in each of the chucks, since you marked that
- die Spindelstocke (3 und 4) direkt antreibbar ausgestaltet sind und mit jeweils gegenseitigem Abstand in der Z-Richtung- The headstocks (3 and 4) are designed to be directly drivable and with mutual spacing in the Z direction
- zwei in X- und Z-Richtung verfahrbare Supporte (12,- two supports that can be moved in the X and Z directions (12,
20) tϊit jeweils einem drehend antreibbaren Fräswerkzeug (13) sowie20) each with a rotating drivable milling tool (13) and
- zwei in X- und Z-Richtung verfahrbare Supporte (15,- two supports that can be moved in the X and Z directions (15,
21) mit jeweils wenigstens einem Drehwerkzeug (17) vorgesehen sind, wobei sich die Fräs- und die Drehwerkzeuge in Bezug auf die gemeinsame Drehachse der SpindelStöcke jeweils diametral gegenüber liegen. 21) are provided, each with at least one turning tool (17), the milling tools and the turning tools being diametrically opposite in relation to the common axis of rotation of the headstocks.
2. Maschine nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a s s eine Mehrzahl von Drehwerkzeugen (17) auf einer Revolverscheibe2. Machine according to claim 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, that as a plurality of turning tools (17) on a turret
(16) angeordnet sind.(16) are arranged.
3. Maschine nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c hn e t, d a s s wenigstens eine Kδrnerspitze (10, 11) in der Z-Richtung fest oder beweglich ist.3. Machine according to claim 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c hn e t, that a s s at least one core tip (10, 11) is fixed or movable in the Z direction.
4. Maschine nach Anspruch 1 , d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a s s beide Spindelstöcke (3, 4) im Drehzahlbereich zwischen 5 min"1 und 1500 min"1 direkt antreibbar sind.4. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that both headstocks (3, 4) in the speed range between 5 min "1 and 1500 min " 1 can be driven directly.
5. Maschine nach Anspruch 1 , d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a s s wenigstens eines der beiden Futter (6, 7) ausgleichend ausgestaltet ist. 5. Machine according to claim 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, that at least one of the two chucks (6, 7) is designed to be equalizing.
EP03807774A 2002-09-27 2003-08-06 Machine for rough-machining and planing functional elements of crankshafts or camshafts Withdrawn EP1542820A1 (en)

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DE10245071 2002-09-27
DE10245071A DE10245071B4 (en) 2002-09-27 2002-09-27 Machine for roughing and finishing the journals of crankshafts
PCT/EP2003/008671 WO2004033136A1 (en) 2002-09-27 2003-08-06 Machine for rough-machining and planing functional elements of crankshafts or camshafts

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DE10245071B4 (en) 2006-08-24

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