DE19620830C2 - Seed drill with a funnel-shaped seed hopper - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a seed drill according to the Ober Concept of claim 1.

In these so-called pneumatic seed drills Container formed in two parts. It consists of one funnel-shaped, open bottom part and e the one with an approximately cross-section-like top or only from a cover made of an elastic tarpaulin. The The use of such a pneumatic seeder is all the more larger, the rarer the sowing operation for filling the seed container or for cleaning, especially the dosing facilities, from registered foreign substances, as with for example through leading tillage tools whirled up dust, must be interrupted.

From US-45 03 786 a pneumatic machine for Distribution of seeds known to have a large volume, tank-shaped seed hopper with bottom outlet and two each with a lid sealed filling openings  has its top. In this on the principle a box seeder with pneumatic support of the seed discharge machine is the seed constructively complex on a trailer with arranged its own undercarriage.

US 40 24 822 describes a pneumatic seeder with a closed tank-shaped seed bebe container with bottom outlet and one with a lid tight closed filling opening at the top. It is also a pneumatic conveyor with vertical th risers and one distributor head each. The disadvantage of this design is the large overall length, because both the seed hopper and the distributor directions on runners with their own undercarriages are arranged one behind the other.

A significantly more compact design is known from EP 0 338 647 known. The pneumatic seeder detects one open top seed hopper with bottom outlet on which a pneumatic conveyor with one to one distributor head arranged above the seed hopper leading riser is connected. The Steiglei tion is at least partially within the seed hopper ters led upwards. To protect against intrusion The distributor head and the container opening can create dust be covered with an elastic tarpaulin. The Andes Distributor head connecting seed lines are inside the container down and through the container wall led outside. Sealing with an elastic Of course, tarpaulin is only possible to a limited extent and there are many Chen penetration points on the container require complex and  costly sealing measures.

DE 43 15 343 and DE 43 35 692 describe a tire Matic seed drill according to the preamble of claim 1. The riser passes through the entire container height. The container is in a deeper back lying position shiftable to fill it easier. For this purpose, he points to the ground and at the lower end of the riser. A another separation point is at the top of the riser between the rigid cover of the container and the Distribution head provided by the supporting structure the container is held. When moving the container the distributor head and the transfer chamber remain with the injector in its position, while now down open containers with the riser open at the top into the Filling position can be lowered. Will the container again placed in the operating position, dock the open end the riser pipe to the one on the distributor head Section of the riser and the tank open at the bottom with the riser also open at the bottom to the Transfer chamber or to the injector. The container points next to the filling opening closed by the lid another opening on the floor, which, like that Riser pipe at the separation points, carefully sealed have to be. The seals are complicated because of them Inclined surfaces must be formed in order to dock enable, and also exposed to constant wear. Leaks at the separation points have an effect on the conveyor operation unfavorable because the pressurized Conveying air can escape to the outside.

The invention has for its object a seed drill according to the latter prior art improve that a practically dustproof training of  Container while simplifying the construct tion and reduction in manufacturing costs becomes.

This task is carried out with the characteristic features of the Claim 1 solved.

The invention suggests for the seed drill container as known a closed tank-shaped construction in front of which only the filling opening in the top wall of the tank is provided. This filling opening is from one Lid closed dust-tight, which is constructive and functional due to the relatively small opening cross offers no special problems. To that one-piece, large-volume tank is sufficient adequate stability against static and dynamic beans Giving sayings is the top wall with one opposite wall section of the tank connecting Stiffening strut provided in the form of a tube, wherein the tube forming the stiffening strut essentially is arranged vertically and the central riser the pneumatic conveying device or even forms this central riser. So that's one very compact and with a view to the load distribution very given favorable execution. The one in the form of a tube executed stiffening strut leads to a central one Stiffening of the seed hopper so that the possibility exists, with the same stability (wall thickness) of the container ters to increase this or reduce the wall thickness like and thereby the filling quantity with simultaneous Redu to increase the ornamentation of the structural mass. The Verstei strut also fulfills another function, namely that of the ascending pipe of the pneumatic conveyor direction or that of a passage for the riser. There are no additional openings that seal should be done.  

Adequate sealing of the seed fill opening well container can be done in a simple manner achieve that it has a circumferential collar that is overlapped by the lid. The lid is also with the underside of the collar. At the same time, between the overlapping lid rim and the collar a kind Labyrinth formed that with appropriately small columns access, especially the swirling in of dust prevented in the tank by wind or wind. Dust, which is deposited on the top wall and the lid itself outside the overlapping edge of the lid and consequently cannot open it in the Container.

The top wall of the tank advantageously instructs at least the back of which has a downward sloping wall section in which the filling opening is arranged. Thereby ensures that dust and dirt are not can deposit, but due to the machine vibration move down and fall off without entering the fill opening to be able to penetrate the tank.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the fill opening opening in the direction of inclination of the top wall ter trapezoidal cross-section. This makes it easier filling the tank with the seeds and allows the smallest possible cross, especially for bagged goods cut the fill opening.

The central riser can be made in one piece with the Distribution head be formed and in the stiffening tube inserted from above. With the alternative Embodiment according to claim 1 forms the riser an integral part of the tank and becomes the distributor Advantageous head on the upper mouth  of the pipe.

In a further preferred embodiment, the tank instructs two opposite side walls - preferably on the Front wall and the rear wall - horizontal, gutter-like Deepening on, in the appropriately trained professional le of a support frame engage positively. This Profiles are preferably detachable with the rest of the frame connected.

With this embodiment, it is possible to in the tank insert the frame and after attaching the profiles position and fix. So that on the tank any fasteners are omitted, in particular it is also easily possible to put a full plastic tank in to use a steel frame without attaching any foreign material need to attach the cleaning agent to the tank.  

Through the releasable attachment of the in the wells engaging profiles, the tank can also easily can be removed and, if necessary, also tanks different volumes in the same frame construction be used.

It is advantageous if the tank is on its front and Rear wall below the top wall initially with vertical Wall sections is provided, the recesses on point and then into the funnel-shaped merging into the wall sections tapering down.

These vertical wall sections can be used, for example Assembly of the tramline linkage and the linkage for the Half-side shutdown serve.

In the case of pneumatic seed drills, there must be a return of seeds be provided, for example, with var row spacing or only on part of the To be able to discharge the total seed width. This requires, that certain sowing lines have to be shut down, what but with pneumatic conveyance not by the corresponding line can be switched off, rather, the well-laden air flow must go into the container to be led back. For this purpose, the container has openings to which the seed lines are connected, the again with switches for optional release of the one or other conveying direction are equipped (DE 44 34 963).

For such a return of seeds is in alignment of the invention provided that the tank on both sides of its top wall of the container center with the openings for  the seed return, on which the switches are arranged. These formations form on the lower gutters open on the side wall to the tank room, so that even with a full tank in this area a sufficient there is plenty of free space around the returned seed good without being able to absorb congestion and the conveying air to let out.

In this context, it is also advantageous if the Lid of the filling opening is hinged on one side and loose, but lies tight against the top wall, its weight like this is dimensioned so that it is under during the seed return the increased internal pressure in the tank as a ventilation flap acts. This is in the desired tight execution of the Tanks an automatic venting during the seed return guaranteed.

According to another embodiment, the lid is on locked the top wall and the tank, preferably its Cover, provided with a vent valve.

To the outside of the distributor head over the top wall Positioning the guided seed lines continues provided that along the substantially driving floor parallel sides of the top wall this outstanding Moldings are arranged with cutouts for through routing of the seed lines are provided. The strips can attached to the container or to parts of the frame or be molded on. The seed lines are then at Assembly only shot through the recesses ben and connected to the distributor head. The seed lines are then perfectly next to each other in the area of the top wall who positioned.  

For the structural design of the tank, a Welded steel structure may be provided, the Stiffening strut is welded into the tank. In another preferred embodiment is the tank made of art fabric with cast stiffening strut.

It is also advantageous if the top wall of the ver stiffening strut from falling to all four side walls Has wall sections.

It is advantageous if the outlet of the tank is approximately centric and the stiffening strut to the front wall is staggered to be at substantially the same Funnel slope an even sinking of the seed to ensure mirror by gravity alone.

Finally, with a one-piece construction of the Tanks should be provided that the top wall is double-walled is formed and with partitions between the two walls Distance from each other are arranged between them each form a section of a seeding line.

This version is a kind of sand gave way construction, on the one hand to a stable Top wall and thus leads to stiffening of the side walls, on the other hand, there is no separate manufacturing and assembly ge of the corresponding sections of the seeding lines, since the Containers these sections in an integrated version having. It is then only on the edges speaking connections for the seeding lines, which in the Are usually designed as hoses.

In a further preferred embodiment, that the distributor head is releasably connected to the riser  and is shiftable in the direction of travel.

In this version, the distributor head can be used together with the sowing lines from the company connected to it position to be moved forward so that the filler range close to the riser, i.e. one can have large clear width and during the filling process is fully exposed. This will fill up facilitated and the accessibility of the tank interior improved. That during the filling process under the gust Seeds depositing at the angle of inclination can move forward more easily pushed and the seed level equalized.

The displacement of the distributor head can be Sliding guides or happen by pivoting. The means of relocation are effective, for example at the top of the riser or on the cover. In the operating position, an airtight seal of the Distribution head to the riser, for example grant a spring load or in any other mechanical way guaranteed.

The invention is based on in the drawing reproduced embodiments described. In the Show drawing:

Figure 1 is a schematic view of a seeder from behind.

FIG. 2 shows a partial plan view of the seed drill according to FIG. 1;

Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section of a tank in a first embodiment;

FIG. 4 shows a section corresponding to FIG. 3 of another embodiment of the tank;

Figure 5 is a view of the rear wall of the tank without riser.

FIG. 6 shows a top view of the tank according to FIG. 5;

Fig. 7 is a fragmentary side view of the tank;

Fig. 8 is a partial view corresponding to Figure 1 of the tank.

Figure 9 is a view of the front of the tank in another embodiment.

Fig. 10 is a plan view of the tank shown in FIG. 9 and

Fig. 11-14 different embodiments of a verla gerbaren distributor head in the operating position and during the filling process each in side view.

The seed drill shown in FIG. 1, which is directly attached to the three-point linkage of a tractor, for example, or is attached to rotating tillage tools, which in turn are attached to the three-point linkage, has a seed hopper 1 with a rigid cover 2 , which is received by supports 3 of a support frame , A blower 4 is arranged on the support frame and below the container 1 . The seed comes from the container 1 into a transfer chamber 5 with an injector, to which a riser 6 with a distributor head 7 closes. The seed discharged from the container 1 via a metering device, not shown, is detected on the injector in the transfer chamber 5 by the air generated by the fan 4 and guided in a hollow profile 9 of the support frame and conveyed via the riser 6 to the distributor head 7 . A multiplicity of sowing lines 8 are connected to the distributor head, to which the seed is distributed uniformly by means of the distributor head 7 . For reasons of clarity, only a few seed lines are shown in FIG. 2.

The sowing lines 8 are guided from the distributor head 7 approximately parallel over the cover 2 of the container 1 to both sides and then essentially to the rear downward to the sowing coulters, not shown, which are arranged on a coulter rail, also not shown. In the direction of travel behind the coulters runs a harrow field 10 , which is supported on the ground by support wheels 11 and can be lifted by means of these.

The sowing lines 8 each have a switch 12 in the embodiment shown, which according to FIG. 2 are arranged in a row 13 on each side of the seeder. Each switch is assigned an opening in the cover 2 through which the seed can be returned to the container when a seed line 8 is switched on.

The seed hopper 1 in FIGS. 3 to 10 is formed according as a tank and consists of the funnel-shaped lower part 14 and the top cover 2 forming top wall 15. The tank is made as a welded steel structure or in one piece from plastic. The lower part 14 of the tank has on the front wall and on the rear wall (seen in the direction of travel) an initially verti cal, to the top wall 15 adjoining wall section 16 , 17 , to which the funnel-shaped tapered walls 18 , 19 follow, which to lead an approximately central bottom opening 20 with the adjoining transfer chamber 5 .

The tank 1 also has an integrated stiffening strut 21 , for. B. in the form of a tube that connects the top wall 15 with an inclined wall 18 of the lower part 14 , for. B. is welded or cast. The tube 21 , which is open at the top and bottom, receives the riser 6 of the pneumatic conveying device, to the upper end of which the distributor head 7 is connected. In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 4, however, the riser 6 directly forms the stiffening strut 21 .

The top wall 15 consisting of flat surface parts has an opening near the rear wall which is closed by a lid 22 . Furthermore, the front wall and the rear wall each have a horizontal, groove-shaped depression 23 , 24 in the region of the vertical sections 16 , 17 , the purpose of which is described in connection with FIG. 7.

In FIGS. 5 and 6 only the tank is shown. The side walls 25 , 26 of the lower part, as shown in FIG. 5, are inclined uniformly towards the outlet opening 20 . The top wall is inclined from the stiffening strut 21 on all four sides. It has in the backward inclined section th the filling opening 27 , which is bordered by a circumferential collar 41 , on which in turn the lid 22 is loosely placed. Furthermore, the top wall 15 of the tank 1 on both sides of the stiffening strut 21 and the filling opening 27 has a strip-shaped formation 28 , 29 which forms a channel 30 ( FIG. 8) which is open towards the tank space. On the formations 28 , 29 openings are easily seen, the number of which corresponds to the number of seed lines ent. In the openings, the switches 12 of the Sälei lines 8 are placed, so that optionally each sowing line 8 can be switched to passage for the sowing operation or in a position in which the seed coming from the distributor is returned to the tank 1 .

On the side walls parallel to the direction of travel, strips 31 are arranged on the container or on the frame, which are provided with a plurality of recesses 32 , through which a few sowing lines 8 are guided, so that these are positioned on the side edges of the container.

The visible in Figs. 3, 4 and 7, groove-like depressions 23, 24 serve for positively receiving profiles 33, 34, for example. B. in the form of tubes which are detachably connected to the support frame, of which the supports 3 are shown in FIG. 7, and in this way position and fix the tank inserted between the supports 3 in the direction of travel.

In the embodiment according to FIGS. 9 and 10, the top wall 15 is formed double-walled. It consists of an inner wall 35 and an outer wall 36 , between which partitions 37 are inserted. Two adjacent partitions form a section 39 of a sowing device, which are provided along the side walls with connections 40 for hose lines, which in turn form the sections of the sowing line lying outside the region of the tank 1 . In this case, the distributor head 7 is integrated into the sandwich-like construction of the top wall 15 .

Since the seed lines 8 are radially connected to the entire circumference of the distributor head 2 , that is to say also extend at least a short length forwards in the opposite direction to the direction of travel (see FIG. 10), the cross section of the filling opening 27 is limited. For the filling, however, the largest possible opening is desired, which would at the same time improve the accessibility of the container interior. Such a filling opening 27 ', which extends close to the riser, and a correspondingly adapted design of the cover 15 integrated in the container is shown in broken lines in FIG. 6. In order to make this filling opening 27 'fully accessible when filling, the distributor head 7 is detachably connected to the riser pipe 6 and can be displaced in the direction of travel forward, as indicated by the directional arrow in FIG. 6.

In Fig. 11 a first embodiment of verlager cash dispensing head 7 is shown. Between the distributor head 7 and the riser 6 a separation point 42 is seen easily. The distributor head 7 6 handlebars 43 are hinged on both sides of the riser pipe, which are supported with their other end to a fixed to the riser 6 console 44th The distributor head 7 can be shifted from the operating position shown on the left into the position shown on the right for the filling process; the seed lines 8 being carried along so that the filling opening 27 '( FIG. 6) is completely exposed. In order to ensure a tight connection in the operating position, the link 43 can be under the action of springs which are biased when pivoting from the filling position into the operating position or have a dead point position on the adjustment path, so that the distributor head is stable in both positions having. A mechanical lock can also be provided instead.

In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 12, the distributor head 7 is mounted on the console 44 via parallelogram link 45 , which is arranged on the cover 15 or is part of the same. Fig. 13 shows a distributor head 7 , which is pivoted gela on an axis 46 on the bracket 44 , wherein the pivot angle can also be less than the 90 ° shown. Finally, FIG. 14 shows an embodiment in which the distributor head 7 can be displaced horizontally. For this purpose, the means for moving the distributor head 7 consist of two parallel guide rails 47 , in which guide pieces 48 on the distributor head 7 are guided. The guide rails 47 are fastened to the distributor pipe 6 via tabs 49 .

Claims (29)

1. Sowing machine with a funnel-shaped seed container ( 1 ) having a rigid cover ( 2 ) with a filling opening ( 27 ) closed by a cover ( 22 ) and a central base outlet ( 20 ), a metering element, and with a pneumatic one Conveying device, which is a at the bottom outlet ( 20 ) of the container ( 1 ) subsequent transfer chamber ( 5 ) with an injector, an adjoining, through the container ( 1 ) upward riser ( 6 ) with an at its upper end outside of the container ( 1 ) arranged distributor head ( 7 ) and adjoining these sowing lines ( 8 ), to each of which a coulter is connected, characterized in that the container ( 1 ) is designed as a dust-tight closed tank on all sides and only in its top wall ( 15 ) has the filling opening ( 27 ) and that the tank ( 1 ) connects the cover wall ( 15 ) with an opposite wall section ( 18 ) of the tank Eifungsstrebe ( 21 ) in the form of a tube which receives the central riser ( 6 ) of the pneumatic conveyor or forms it itself. 2. Sowing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the filling opening ( 27 ) has a circumferential collar ( 41 ) which is overlapped by the cover ( 22 ). 3. Sowing machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the top wall ( 15 ) of the tank ( 1 ) at least at the rear has a downwardly inclined wall section in which the filling opening ( 27 ) is arranged. 4. Sowing machine according to claim 3, characterized in that the filling opening ( 27 ) has a widening trapezoidal cross-section in the direction of inclination of the top wall ( 15 ). 5. Sowing machine according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the distributor head ( 7 ) is placed on the upper mouth of the tube. 6. Sowing machine according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the tank ( 1 ) has at least on two opposite side walls horizontal, gutter-like depressions ( 23 , 24 ), in the accordingly designed profiles ( 33 , 34 ) of a support engage the frame ( 3 , 9 ) positively. 7. Sowing machine according to claim 6, characterized in that the engaging in the recesses ( 23 , 24 ) profiles ( 33 , 34 ) with the rest of the support frame ( 3 , 9 ) are detachably connected. 8. Sowing machine according to one of claims 6 or 7, characterized in that the tank ( 1 ) on its front and rear wall below the top wall ( 15 ) is initially provided with vertical wall sections ( 16 , 17 ) which the recesses ( 33 , 34 ) and then pass into funnel-shaped downward wall sections ( 18 , 19 ). 9. Sowing machine according to one of claims 1 to 8 with a seed return by means of switches arranged in the seed lines, which return the seed flow through openings in the container, characterized in that the tank ( 1 ) on its top wall ( 15 ) on both sides of the container center formations ( 28 , 29 ) with the openings for the seed return, on which the switches ( 12 ) are arranged. 10. Seeder according to claim 9, characterized in that the formations ( 28 , 29 ) on the underside of the top wall ( 15 ) to the interior of the tank ( 1 ) form open channels ( 30 ). 11. Seeder according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the lid ( 22 ) of the filling opening ( 27 ) lies loosely but tightly against the top wall ( 15 ), its weight being such that it is removed during the return of the seeds acts as a ventilation flap under the increased internal pressure. 12. Sowing machine according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the cover ( 22 ) on the top wall ( 15 ) is locked and the tank ( 1 ) or preferably the cover ( 22 ) is provided with a vent valve. 13. Sowing machine according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that along the sides of the cover wall ( 15 ) which are parallel to the direction of travel, these protruding strips ( 31 ) are arranged, which have cutouts ( 32 ) for carrying out the sowing lines ( 8 ). are provided. 14. Seeder according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the tank ( 1 ) with the stiffening strut ( 21 ) is designed as a welded structure. 15. Sowing machine according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized by that the tank ( 1 ) is made of plastic with a cast stiffening strut ( 21 ). 16. Seeder according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the top wall ( 15 ) from the stiffening strut ( 21 ) to all four side walls has the sloping wall sections. 17. Sowing machine according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the outlet ( 20 ) of the tank ( 1 ) is arranged approximately centrally and the stiffening strut ( 21 ) is offset from the front wall. 18. Seeder according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the top wall ( 15 ) is double-walled ( 35 , 36 ) and partition walls ( 37 ) are arranged at a distance from one another between the two walls, each having a section between them form a seeding line ( 8 ). 19. Sowing machine according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the distributor head ( 7 ) with the riser ( 6 ) is detachably connected and can be shifted approximately in the direction of travel. 20. Sowing machine according to claim 19, characterized in that the distributor head ( 7 ) is displaceable parallel to itself. 21. Sowing machine according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that the distributor head ( 7 ) can be displaced by means of links ( 43 ). 22. Sowing machine according to claim 21, characterized in that the distributor head ( 7 ) can be displaced by means of a parallelogram core ( 45 ). 23. Sowing machine according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that the distributor head ( 7 ) can be displaced by means of a sliding guide ( 47 , 48 ). 24. Sowing machine according to claim 19, characterized in that the distributor head ( 7 ) is pivotally mounted. 25. Sowing machine according to one of claims 19 to 24, characterized in that the means ( 43 , 45 to 49 ) for moving the distributor head ( 7 ) on the upper end of the riser ( 6 ) or on the cover ( 15 ) attack. 26. Sowing machine according to claim 25, characterized in that the means ( 43 , 45 to 48 ) for moving the distributor head ( 7 ) at the upper end of the riser ( 6 ) or on the cover ( 15 ) are attached or gela gert. 27. Sowing machine according to one of claims 19 to 26, characterized in that the distributor head ( 7 ) in the operating position with the riser pipe ( 6 ) is connected airtight. 28. Sowing machine according to claim 27, characterized in that the distributor head ( 7 ) is under the action of a spring pressing it against the riser ( 6 ). 29. Sowing machine according to one of claims 1 to 28, characterized in that the filling opening ( 27 ') reaches up to close to the riser ( 6 ).