DE19605773A1 - Active ingredient combinations of pyrethroids and insect development inhibitors - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention concerns novel active substance combinations of pyrethroids with insect-development inhibitors for achieving a long-term pesticidal effect. These active substance combinations are highly effective, have few environmentally harmful properties, and a combating effect which is advantageous from the toxicological point of view.

Description

The present invention relates to novel drug combinations of pyrethroids with insect development inhibitors, to achieve a long-term effect against Animal pests, in particular insects and arachnids, with high effects quality, less polluting properties and a toxicological favorable control concept.

Combinations of different insecticidal agents become Indoor insect control has been used for a long time. there usually insecticidal classes of compounds are combined, the have no cross-resistance. In this way one receives formulations, which also have a good effect against resistant species (W. Behrenz, K. Naumann, crop protection news Bayer, 35, 309 (1982).

For a Austreib effect and immediate effect ("knockdown effect") as well To obtain long-term effect against insects ("Residualwirkung"), so far Phosphoric acid esters, carbamates and long-term stable pyrethroids together kom C. Fest, K.-J. Schmidt, The Chemistry of Organophosphorus Pesticides, Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1982); W. Behrenz, E. Böcker, crop protection news Bayer, 18, 53 (1965); I. Hammann, R. Fox, ibid. 34, 123 (1981) and cited therein Literature).

Recently, various development inhibitors of insects are now known become. These are so-called juvenile hormones as well as Chitin synthesis inhibitors from the class of benzoylureas containing the Ent specifically affect the development cycle of insects by initiating the transformation Prevent the individual larval stages in the next higher stages of development.

This active principle is specific to insects and comes in warm-blooded animals not before. This results in addition to a very effective suppression of Development of new insect generations also the complete absence of side effects effects on the warmblood, resulting in a toxicologically favorable Control concept is achieved. However, such developments have inhibitors have no effect on adult stages of insects, so that the effect only after a waiting period of up to two weeks. For a targeted  Control of pests, especially insects and arachnids Therefore, insecticides are found that work together with developmental inhibitors on the one hand a flushing effect and an immediate effect ("Knockdown effect") show, on the other hand, but also with a long-term effect (Residual effect) across several stages of development of the pests come up with why both active ingredients must complement each other in an optimal way.

Surprisingly, it has now been found that the combination of synthetic Pyrethroids or natural pyrethrum, which as a single active by good Knockdown properties and a good Austreib effect, but only act up to a few days, with insect development inhibitors a long-term effect with excellent effectiveness, less polluting property and toxicologically more favorable control concept.

Preferred pyrethroids are pyrethrum, allethrin or transfluthrin, as Insect development inhibitors insecticides and chitin synthesis inhibitors such. B. lufenuron, RH 5849 (2-Benzoyl-1- (1,1-dimethylethylbenzoic acid hydrazide), chlorofluoroburon, Diflubenzuron, N - [[[3,5-dichloro-4- (4-chlorophenoxy) phenyl] amino] carbonyl], 2,6-difluorobenzamide; flufenoxuron; flucycloxuron; Penfluron; teflubenzuron; hexaflumuron; tebufenozide; 2-chloro-N - [[[4- (1-phenylethoxy) phenyl] amino] carbonyl] -benzamide; Sodium 1,4-bis (2-ethylhexyl) -sulfobutandioat; novaluron, 2-chloro-N - [[[4- (2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethoxy) phenyl] amino] carbonyl -] - benzamide; 6-azido-N-cydopropyl-N'-ethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine; N - [[[5- (4-bromophenyl) - 6-methyl-2-pyrazinyl] amino] carbonyl] -2,6-dichlorobenzamid; 2,6-dichloro-N - [[(4- chlorophenyl) amino] carbonyl] -benzamide; methoprene; triflumuron; pyriproxyfen; Fenoxycarb used.

Particularly preferred drug combinations consist of transfluthrin, Allethrin or pyrethrum on the one hand and fenoxycarb, pyriproxyfen, Triflumuron, flufenoxuron and / or methoprene, on the other hand.

Very particular preference is given to active ingredient combinations consisting of Transfluthrin of the formula (I) and triflumuron of the formula (II) and / or Flufenoxuron. The combination of active ingredients combines in an excellent way  excellent knockdown and expelling effect with a residual effect over several weeks without a gap

Furthermore, in particular the active ingredient combination consisting of Transfluthrin of formula (I) and flufenoxuron (III) surprisingly a synergistic effect.

This effect is characterized by the fact that the transfluthrin own characteristic effect is enhanced by the addition of flufenoxuron. The Addition of flufenoxuron to transfluthrin enhances both the aerosol effect against flying insects as well as the effect after direct spraying of Cockroaches and the expulsion effect. Especially clear is the reinforcement of the Effect on cockroaches observed on freshly sprayed surfaces.

The active compound combinations according to the invention are suitable for controlling animal pests, especially insects and arachnids, used in the Agriculture, in forests, in the protection of materials and materials as well as on the Hy presence of a business sector. They can preferably be used as plant protection products be used. They are against normal-sensitive and resistant species as well as against all or individual stages of development are effective. To the above mentioned animal Pests include:

From the order of Isopoda z. B. Oniscus asellus, Armadiliidium vulgare, Por cellio scaber.  

From the order of Diplopoda z. B. Blaniulus guttulatus.

From the order of Chilopoda z. Geophilus carpophagus, Scutigera spec.

From the order of Symphyla z. B. Scutigerella immaculata.

From the order of Thysanura z. B. Lepisma saccharina.

From the order of Collembola z. B. Onychiurus armatus.

From the order of Orthoptera z. B. Blatta orientalis, Periplaneta americana, Leucophaea maderae, Blattella germanica, Acheta domesticus, Gryllotalpa spp., Locusta migratoria migratorioides, Melanoplus differentialis, Schistocerca gregaria.

From the order of Dermaptera z. B. Forflcula auricularia.

From the order of Isoptera z. Reticulitermes spp.

From the order of Anoplura z. B. Pediculus humanus corporis, Haematopinus spp., Linognathus spp.

From the order of Mallophaga z. B. Trichodectes spp., Damalinea spp.

From the order of Thysanoptera z. B. Hercinothrips femoralis, Thrips tabaci.

From the order of Heteroptera z. B. Eurygaster spp., Dysdercus intermedius, Piesma quadrata, Cimex lectularius, Rhodnius prolixus, Triatoma spp.

From the order of Homoptera z. Aleurodes brassicae, Bemisia tabaci, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Aphis gossypii, Brevicoryne brassicae, Cryptomyzus ribis, Aphis fabae, Aphis pomi, Eriosoma lanigerum, Hyalopterus arundinis, Phylloxera vastatrix, Pemphigus spp., Macrosiphum avenae, Myzus spp., Phorodon humuli, Rhopalosiphum padi, Empoasca spp., Euscelis bilobatus, Nephotettix cincticeps, Lecanium corni, Saissetia oleae, Laodelphax striatellus, Nilaparvata lugens, Aonidiella aurantii, Aspidiotus hederae, Pseudoeoccus spp., Psylla spp.  

From the order of Lepidoptera z. B. Pectinophora gossypiella, Bupalus piniarius, Cheimatobia brumata, Lithocolletis blancardella, Hyponomeuta padella, Plutella maculipennis, Malacosoma neustria, Euproctis chrysorrhoea, Lymantria spp., Bucculatrix thurberiella, Phyllocnis citrella, Agrotis spp., Euxoa spp., Feltia spp., Earias insulana, Heliothis spp., Spodoptera exigua, Mamestra brassicae, Panolis flammea, Spodoptera litura, Spodoptera spp., Trichoplusia ni, Carpocapsa pomonella, Pieris spp., Chilo spp., Pyrausta nubilalis, Ephestia kuehniella, Galleria mellonella, Tineola bisselliella, Tinea pellionella, Hofmannophila pseudospretella, Cacoecia podana, Capua reticulana, Choristoneura fumiferana, Clysia ambiguella, Homona magnanima, Tortrix viridana.

From the order of Coleoptera z. B. Anobium punctatum, Rhizopertha dominica, Bruchidius obtectus, Acanthoscelides obtectus, Hylotrupes bajulus, Agelastica alni, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Phaedon cochleariae, Diabrotica spp., Psylliodes chrysocephala, Epilachna varivestis, Atomaria spp., Oryzaephilus surinamensi s, Anthonomus spp., Sitophilus spp., Otiorrhynchus sulcatus, Cosmopolites sordidus, Ceuthorrhynchus assimilis, Hypera postica, Dermestes spp., Trogoderma spp., Anthrenus spp., Attagenus spp., Lyctus spp., Meligethes aeneus, Ptinus spp., Niptus hololeucus, Gibbium psylloides, Tribolium spp., Tenebrio molitor, Agriotes Spp., Conodems spp., Melolontha melolontha, Amphimallon solstitialis, Costelytra zealandica.

From the order of Hymenoptera z. B. Diprion spp., Hoplocampa spp., Lasius spp., Monomorium pharaonis, Vespa spp.

From the order of Diptera z. Aedes spp., Anopheles spp., Culex spp. Drosophila melanogaster, Musca spp., Fannia spp., Calliphora erythrocephala, Lucilia spp., Chrysomyia spp., Cuterebra spp., Gastrophilus spp., Hyppobosca spp., Stomoxys spp., Oestrus spp., Hypoderma spp., Tabanus spp., Tannia spp., Bibio hortulanus, Oscinella frit, Phorbia spp., Pegomyia hyoscyami, Ceratitis capitata, Dacus oleae, Tipula paludosa.

From the order of Siphonaptera z. Xenopsylla cheopis, Ctentocephalides felis, Ceratophyllus spp.

From the order of Arachnida z. B. Scorpio maurus, Latrodectus mactans.  

From the order of Acarina z. Acarus siro, Argas spp., Oniithodoros spp., Dermanyssus gallinae, Eriophyes ribis, Phyllocoptruta oleivora, Boophilus spp., Rhipicephalus spp., Amblyomma spp., Hyalomma spp., Ixodes spp., Psoroptes spp., Chorioptes spp., Sarcoptes spp., Tarsonemus spp., Bryobia praetiosa, Panonychus spp., Tetranychus spp.

The active compound combinations according to the invention can be converted into the usual formu be transferred, such as solutions, emulsions, wettable powders, suspensions sions, powders, dusts, pastes, soluble powders, granules, suspension Emulsion concentrates, active ingredient-impregnated natural and synthetic substances as well as finest encapsulations in polymeric materials.

These formulations are prepared in a known manner, for. B. by Ver mix the active ingredients with extenders, so liquid solvents and / or solid carriers, optionally using surface-active Agents, ie emulsifiers and / or dispersants and / or foam resources.

In the case of using water as an extender z. B. also organic Solvent can be used as auxiliary solvent. As liquid solvents are essentially in question: aromatics, such as xylene, toluene, or Alkylnaphthalenes, chlorinated aromatics and chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes or methylene chloride, aliphatic Koh hydro-, such as cyclohexane or paraffins, z. B. petroleum fractions, mineral and vegetable oils, alcohols, such as butanol or glycol, and their ethers and Esters, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclo hexanone, strongly polar solvents such as dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide, as well as water.

Suitable solid carriers are:
z. As ammonium salts and ground natural minerals, such as kaolins, clays, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite or diatomaceous earth and synthetic minerals such as finely divided silica, alumina and silicates, as solid carriers for granules are: z. Broken and fractionated natural rocks such as calcite, marble, pumice, sepiolite, dolomite and synthetic granules of inorganic and organic flours and granules of organic material such as sawdust, coconut shells, corn cobs and tobacco stalks; as emulsifying and / or foam-producing agents are in question: z. Nonionic and anionic emulsifiers, such as polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers, e.g. B. alkylaryl polyglycol ether, Al kylsulfonate, alkyl sulfates, arylsulfonates and protein hydrolysates; as dispersants are suitable: z. As lignin-sulphite liquors and methylcellulose.

It can in the formulations adhesives such as carboxymethylcellulose, natural Liche and synthetic powdery, granular or latex-shaped polymers used such as gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, as well as natural Phospholipids such as cephalins and lecithins and synthetic phospholipids. Other additives may be mineral and vegetable oils.

It can dyes such as inorganic pigments, eg. For example, iron oxide, titanium oxide, Ferrocyan blue and organic dyes such as alizarin, azo and metal phthalo cyanine dyes and trace nutrients such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, Cobalt, molybdenum and zinc are used.

The active compound combinations according to the invention can be used in their commercial Formulations and in the preparation prepared from these formulations in mixture with other active substances, such as insecticides, attractants, Sterilizers, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, fungicides or growth regulatory substances. The insecticides include, for example, phos phosphoric esters, carbamates, carboxylic acid esters, chlorinated hydrocarbons, Phe nylureas, substances produced by microorganisms, and the like. a.

The application is done in a custom forms adapted to the application forms Wise.

The active compound combinations according to the invention can in principle be used against all flying and crawling insects and arachnids in all development stadiums are used. They are particularly preferred in controlling of fleas and cockroaches, ie insects of the order Blattariae, in particular the Family Blattellidae, preferably of the species Blattella germanica or the family Blattidae, preferably of the species Blatta orientalis and Periplaneta americana, but also against other types of cockroaches, but especially against Blattella germanica.  

For example, transfluthrin is in addition to its excellent effects property against flying insects, in aerosol, evaporator and smoker Used also a very good remedy to hidden vermin such as As cockroaches of all stages of development to drive out of their hiding places (Flushing effect). These then come with the freshly created active ingredient coverings and are thereby killed (K. Naumann, W. Behrenz, EP 279 325 (1988)).

Be insects, z. B. cockroaches or fleas sprayed directly with transfluthrin, so they fall quickly in a supine position (knock down) and can not recover recover (mortality). To achieve such effects, the active ingredient in the most diverse formulations such. B. as a spray can, oil spray, water-based pump spray, ULV, hot and cold mist can be used. Furthermore, formulations based on z. B. Emulsions concentrates (EC), water-based emulsion concentrates (EW) or wettable Powders (WP).

In addition to the shown effect, transfluthrin can also be used as a preparation for Control of crawling insects, preferably cockroaches but also fleas, be used as a preparation with lasting effect, if this effect only briefly, in the sense of a few days, should be. The preparation also works as Residual drug applied against all stages of development of cockroaches. Therefor are particularly good for the non-professional user z. Spray cans, Oil spray and pump spray suitable.

The chitin synthesis inhibitor triflumuron belongs chemically to the group of benzoylureas, whose action differs fundamentally from the conventional insecticides such as phosphoric acid esters, carbamates or pyrethroids (K.Mrusek in Proc. 1 ^st Int Conf. Insect Pests in Urban Environment, ed. KB Wildey and WH Robinson, 1993, 385).

Triflumuron is not an acutely active insecticide, but a development inhibitor, which specifically intervenes in the molting process of the various larval stages. Since insects have no internal skeleton, one gives them by chitin solidified outer skin, the cuticle, the necessary support and external protection. Triflumuron prevents the younger larvae from moving to the next higher one Transform larval stage during their development. Become adult insects  On the other hand, it does not affect them, because they do not shed anymore. Triflumuron is in the larvae of many insects effective to which also cockroaches and fleas belong.

Chitin occurs only in certain groups of organisms: in addition Arthropods also in nematodes, fungi and some algae. In vertebrates is it does not exist, what the exceptionally low toxicity of triflumuron in vertebrates.

In a combined application in the practice with transfluthrin at Cockroaches the expelling effect, the insecticidal immediate effect in Direktbesprühung of the animals and a short lasting effect. The triflumuron causes the long lasting effect against the different larval stages.

The active ingredient content prepared from the commercial formulations Application forms can vary widely.

The active compound combinations according to the invention preferably contain from 0.001 to 95, particularly preferably from 0.01 to 70,% by weight of active compound mixture of the two components. Preferably z. For example in spray cans a ratio:
0.01-0.2% by weight of transfluthrin: 0.005-10.0% by weight of triflumuron or flufenoxuron. Especially preferred are combinations of active ingredients with a ratio of 0.01-0.2% by weight of transfluthrin: 0.005-1.5% by weight of triflumuron or flufenoxuron.

In addition, however, the active compound combinations according to the invention can also in mosquito or incense spirals, evaporator plates or long-term evaporator as well as in moth papers, moth cushions or other heat independent ones Evaporator systems are applied.

In the effect concept Transfluthrin but also by, for example Pyrethrum and / or allethrin, the triflumuron by other chitin synthesis inhibitors such as B. Flufenoxuron, Methoprene or Juvenoide such. Fenoxycarb, Pyriproxyfen be replaced.  

In addition to spray cans, oil sprays and water-based pump sprays this is Concept for controlling pests also in other formulations applicable such. As ULV, hot and cold mist and emulsion concentrates (EC), Water based emulsion concentrates (EW), wettable powders (WP) or Microencapsulations (CS).

Preference is given to using aerosols or oil spraying agents. Aerosol formulations are preferably composed of the named active substance combinations, Solvents such as lower alcohols (eg, methanol, ethanol, propanol, Butanol), ketones (e.g., acetone, methyl ethyl ketone), paraffin hydrocarbons (e.g. Kerosenes) with boiling ranges of about 50 to 250 ° C, dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, Xylene, water, further auxiliaries such as emulsifiers such as sorbitan monooleate, Oleyl ethoxylate with 3-7 moles of ethylene oxide, fatty alcohol ethoxylate, perfume oils such essential oils, esters of middle fatty acids with lower alcohols, aromatic Carbonyl compounds, optionally stabilizers such as sodium benzoate, amphoteric surfactants, lower epoxides, triethyl orthoformate and, if necessary, the Propellants such as propane, butane, nitrogen, compressed air, dimethyl ether, carbon dioxide, Nitrous oxide, or mixtures of these gases.

The aerosol mixture as a whole is in spray cans in one suitable, sufficiently pressure-resistant packaging. The material of this packaging Can be metal (iron tinned or aluminum) with or without separate Be inner protective lacquer, also glass with or without plastic coating and certain plastics (eg polyamide, polypropylene, PET).

The aerosol packaging includes a suitable self-closing valve for the case of application optimized technical-physical parameters such as Nozzle openings, nozzle type, sealing materials, etc. For protection against unintentional actuation of the valve is preferably the aerosol packaging with to provide a suitable protective cap.

The oil spray formulations differ from the aerosol formulations basically by the fact that no propellants are used, as for atomization usually mechanical pumps are provided. The application coming solvents and other aids are practically different not from the usual aerosol formulations. The packing material for  these formulations are far less critical, since basically only tightness and resistance to the contents are required. Such are, for example Metals such as iron, mainly tinned and / or painted, aluminum, etc. suitable. Also suitable are glass and certain plastics such as polyvinyl chloride, Polyethylene, polypropylene, PET.

The selection of the respective solvents and other additives as well as the Type of spray cans and packaging depends on the existing ones Materials, according to the specific application areas as well as the requirements of the Shelf life of the products and can be applied by the skilled person his expertise and, where appropriate, with the help of simple general well-known examination methods are easily taken.

The preparation of the active compound combinations according to the invention is based on the following examples are explained.

formulation Examples 1. Spray formulation parts by weight transfluthrin 0.05 triflumuron 0.5 acetone 40.0 Deodorized kerosenes / mixture of saturated, aliphatic hydrocarbons (eg isododecane) 19.32 perfume oil 0.03 Stabilizer (butylene oxide, triethyl orthoformate) 0.1 Propellant: propane / butane (25: 75) 40,00

2. Spray formulation parts by weight pyrethrins 0.20 triflumuron 0.5 acetone 40.0 Deodorized Kerosen 19.197 perfume oil 0,003 Stabilizer (as Example 1) 0.1 Propellant: propane / butane (25: 75) 40,00

3. Spray formulation parts by weight transfluthrin 0.03 flufenoxuron 0.05 isopropanol 5.00 Deodorized Kerosen 5.00 Emulsifier Span 80 1.00 Water, remove 58.92 Propellant: propane / butane (25: 75) 30.0

4. Oil spray formulation parts by weight transfluthrin 0.03 triflumuron 0.5 N-methylpyrrolidone 20.0 Deodorized Kerosen 79.20

5. Oil spray formulation parts by weight pyrethrins 0.2 triflumuron 0.5 N-methylpyrrolidone 20.0 Deodorized Kerosen 79.30

Testing of spray cans for flushing effect on cockroaches

The test was carried out in plastic trays (Pikierkästen, type 23, W.u.H. Fernholz GmbH & Co. KG, Meinerzhagen) with the dimensions 40 cm × 60 cm × 6 cm. That up The filter paper laid on the bottom was fixed with "tesa" ® film 4104. Talcided sidewalls prevented the escape of the cockroaches. In the middle the shells became the hiding place, an inverted one in the front third Water-filled weighing jar as a potion and a piece of rusk as food established.

The floor and ceiling plate of the hiding place are made of aluminum coated with white DD lacquer, side bars and slide made of Teflon. Screw countersunk head and wing nuts hold the construction together, using the slider to set the desired depth of hiding. The construction and dimensions of the hiding place are [ Fig. 1: B = base plate 15 × 30 × 0.5 cm, S = slide 13 × 16 × 0.5 cm, D = cover plate 15 × 15 × 0.5 cm, S '= Countersunk barrier with wing nut, S '' = side bar 1 × 16 × 0.5 cm, Ö = opening]. By replacing the slider and the side bars, the hiding height can be varied.

In each container, 10 cockroaches were added 24 hours before the start of the experiment certain type as well as stage or gender. After this time As a rule, all animals were in hiding. This was in the trigger ge placed and in a plastic container measuring 65 cm × 46.5 cm × 30 cm placed on two glass cylinders (total height 36 cm, diameter 12 cm). Out At a distance of 30 cm and 36 cm height were 2 g can contents in the direction the hiding opening sprayed.

After completion of the spraying the transfer of the hiding place took place in the plastic bowl on a vain talcum-plated glass ring (height 5 cm, diameter 10 centimeters). The number of expelled cockroaches was up to 5 min. to Treatment in one minute, up to 30 min. in five-minute intervals, as well after 60 min. and determined 24 hours. After 60 min. was a kinked Filter disc with a diameter of 9.5 cm as protection for the cockroaches in the Pikierkästen given. In each experiment, a control treatment was used a drug-free can performed. Only in individual cases searched rooted cockroaches open the hiding place again; usually they fell soon  from the hiding place. After the test, the hiding places were disassembled screwed, pre-rinsed with acetone, cleaned at 95 ° C in the dishwasher and at Dried at 150 ° C in a drying oven.

Table 1

Expelling effect of different spray cans against cockroaches of the kind

Blattella germanica L5

Examination of spray cans for direct spray effects creeping insects

The experiments are carried out in a fume hood, in which the suction is to be regulated so that an impairment of the spray does not occur. One cockroach each is placed in a wire gauze box with an inside diameter of  70 mm, a height of 10 mm and a mesh size of 1.5 mm set. The prepared test vessels are at the spray apparatus at an angle clamped by 45 °. The area behind and under the gauze test container is included absorbent filter paper, which is replaced after each test.

At a distance of 60 cm in the middle of the wire gauze to the nozzle of the Spray head of the aerosols to be tested, is at the spray apparatus the Spray can be clamped so that the spray hits perpendicular to the wire gauze. The time to be sprayed is determined beforehand from the can to be tested must to spend 2.4-2.8 g can contents. Before and after every attempt will weigh the can to accurately determine the amount dispensed. simultaneously A stopwatch is operated with the spray valve to trigger the knockdown effect to be able to determine the animals exactly. The animals will be right after the Transfer sprayed to a clean container, dabbed and opened knock down after time as well as% mortality evaluated after certain times.

Table 2

Effect of different spray cans after direct spraying of cockroaches of the species Blattella germanica mm

Test method for testing aerosol cans for their residual effect against crawling insects 1. spraying the documents

The treatment is carried out in a fume hood, in which the Regulate the suction so that the spray jet interferes with the Cans did not take place. The chapel will grow up on the floor and on the walls a height of 65 cm lined with filter paper.

Can be treated the most important materials, in particular glazed and unpainted tiles, PVC sheets, lacquered plywood, etc. , The to be treated Documents (size 15 × 15 cm = 225 cm²) are on a tripod ring (Outside diameter 10 cm), which is attached to a tripod at a height of 5 cm is, so erected and based on the stand rod, that an angle of 55 ° is formed. Because each spray can of different composition and technical equipment in its spraying behavior (pressure, spray cone, Droplet size) may vary, the pilot must before the actual documents are treated, with each spray can of cardboard documents (15 × 15 cm), from which distance and at which speed must be sprayed.

A uniform spraying of the documents with the desired application rate is achieved if, depending on the spray cone and pressure of the spray can from a distance of 25-40 cm is sprayed. It has proved to be useful to lead the can by hand in a semicircle. The spray jet is thereby guided on the base upper left starting from the middle right down to the left (see Fig. 2).

The amount sprayed beyond the edges of the documents, the Spray loss, was determined in detailed tests with cardboard edging and was about 10%.  

Before and after each spraying process, the aerosol can is weighed to prevent the to determine the amount of can contents discharged.

To dispense a can content of 50 g / m², 1.24 g Canned contents / 225 cm² are applied. This lot already contains the determined 10% spray loss.

Documents that are not within the tolerance of 1.20 to 1.30 g Amount of can content to be spread must be discarded. Immediately after spraying, the pad is taken out of its inclination and flat placed to drain the spray coating, especially in non-absorbent Underlays and extremely humid spray cans, to avoid. After drying the Spray coatings are the documents transferred to the test room.

2. Animal material and testing

The treated documents are each occupied by 5 cockroaches, which in talc Glass rings (diameter 9.5 cm, height 5.5 cm) are kept.

evaluation

One day after treatment, then after 2 to 4 days a day Treated documents each occupied with the test animals.

The evaluation is based on 100% knock down or mortality after 15, 30 and 60 minutes and after 2, 3 and 4 hours.  

Table 3

Residual effect of different spray cans applied on glazed tiles (LK) and unpainted tiles (UK) against cockroaches of the species Blatella germanica mm

Forced contact time test

On the documents to be examined each 5 larvae of the cockroach species Blattella germanica of a defined stage within talcated glass rings (diameter 9.5 cm, height 5.5 cm) exposed. By removing the animals after certain times, can reach different contact times z. B. 2 × 60 min / week (Tuesday and Friday). The larvae are from the upper  surfaces taken, each transferred to glass clear plastic cups in which Water, food and a hide is located (tablet diameter tube 1.5 cm, length 5.5 cm filled with wet pulp, Lupolen stopper with 425 mg ground dog biscuit, 3x folded filter paper diameter 7 cm as Hideout) and further bred in it. The cockroaches are in weekly Intervals evaluated for mortality. The temperatures are 22-23 ° C, the rel. Humidity 55-65% with 12 hours neon light day / night rhythm.

The tests were done on a day old as well as 8, 15, 22, 29, 43, 57, 85 and Surfaces aged for 113 days.

Table 4

Residual effects of transfluthrin and triflumuron alone and in combination in spray cans on glazed tiles against the second larval stage of Blattella germanica

Table 5

Residual effect of transfluthrin and triflumuron alone and in combination in spray cans on glazed tiles against the 3rd-4th Larvae stage of Blattella germanica

Table 6

Synergistic enhancement of the flushing effect of various formulations against cockroaches of the species Blattella germanica L5

At both hiding depths the experiments showed that flufenoxuron as Monosprühdose caused only a slight irritation in the cockroaches. The Combination of transfluthrin + flufenoxuron in the water-based Spray cans, however, brought a much better expulsion effect than the Transfluthrin mono-aerosol.  

Table 7

Synergistic enhancement of efficacy of different spray cans after direct spraying of cockroaches of the species Blattella germanica L5

Flufenoxuron alone showed no effect on the Scrape. Transfluthrin in combination with flufenoxuron showed in all 3 Combinations a significant improvement in the effect compared to Transfluthrin alone. As flufenoxurone levels increased, so did the Effect, so that the combination compared to the mono-aerosol by the factor 2-2.5 times better.  

Table 8

Synergistic enhancement of efficacy of various aerosol cans in 20 m³ chambers against mosquitoes of the species Culex quinquefasciatus, resistant

Table 9

Synergistic enhancement of the effectiveness of different aerosol spray cans in 20 m³ chambers against flies of the species Musca domestica strain WHO (N) mm F 447, sensitive

Table 10

Synergistic enhancement of the effectiveness of different aerosol spray cans in 20 m³ chambers against flies of the species Musca domestica strain Weymanns mm F 386, resistant

This tin with 0.01% flufenoxuron showed as expected in all tested Animal species no effect.

The combination doses worked much faster against the resistant mosquitoes as the transfluthrin mono-can (Table 8).

In the case of sensitive and resistant flies, the combination doses worked faster than the transfluthrin mono-can. This was especially clear Difference in mortality in resistant flies (Tables 9-10).  

Examination of spray cans for the effect of fresh or moist Spray coatings against cockroaches 1. spraying the documents

The treatment is carried out in a fume hood, in which the Regulate the suction so that the spray jet interferes with the Cans did not take place. The chapel will be on the floor with filter paper lined.

Can be treated the most important materials, in particular glazed and unpainted tiles, pvc panels, varnished plywood etc. to be treated Documents (size 15 × 15 cm = 225 cm²) are in one with filter paper designed spray box, an aspirated, forward open container, in one Holder inserted at an angle of 45 ° C. Since every spray can of different composition and technical equipment in theirs Sprühverhalten (pressure, spray cone, droplet size) may vary, must Test takers, before the actual documents are treated, with each Exercise spray can on cardboard (15 × 15 cm), from which distance and in which speed must be sprayed.

A uniform spraying of the documents with the desired application rate is achieved if, depending on the spray cone and pressure of the spray can from a distance of 25-40 cm is sprayed. It has proved to be useful to lead the can by hand in a semicircle. The spray jet is thereby guided on the base upper left starting from the middle right down to the left (see Fig. 2).

The amount sprayed beyond the edges of the documents, the Spray loss, was determined in detailed tests with cardboard edging and was about 10%.  

Before and after each spraying process, the aerosol can is weighed to prevent the to determine the amount of can contents discharged.

To a z. For example, to dispense canned contents of 25 g / m2, 0.64 g Canned contents / 225 cm² are applied. This lot already contains the determined 10% spray loss.

Documents that are not within the tolerance range of 0.59 to 0.69 g Amount of can content to be spread must be discarded. Immediately after spraying the pad is made from its inclination and laid flat to drain the spray coating, especially in non-absorbent Underlays and extremely humid spray cans, to avoid. After drying the Spray coatings are the documents transferred to the test room.

2. Animal material and testing The freshly treated still moist pads are mixed with the test animals (Cockroaches) occupied

The test animals are placed on the substrates in talc-coated glass rings (diameter 9.5 cm, height 5.5 cm). In test animals, the height of the glass ring overcome, rings are placed on top of each other. Depending on Size are used 5 to 10 animals per pad. Fleas are not in held talcated glass rings.

The cockroaches are the species B. Blattella germanica and Blatta orientalis used.  

3. Evaluation

The evaluation takes place on 20 and 100% knock down after seconds resp. Minutes up to 2 hours. Thereafter, the percentage is evaluated.

Table 11

Synergistic enhancement of the effectiveness of spray cans, measured on various still moist surfaces against cockroaches of the species Blattella germanica L5

Table 12

Synergistic enhancement of the effectiveness of spray cans, measured on various still moist surfaces against cockroaches of the species Blatta orientalies L5

The experiments showed that flufenoxuron alone was as expected against both Cockroach species, within the test period of 2 hours, virtually no effect showed.

Was transfluthrin with flufenoxuron in water-based spray cans combined, it was found against German cockroaches on all tested surfaces a clear to significant better effect of the combinations over the Transfluthrin Monosulver (Table 11).

Also in the Oriental cockroaches were in most cases by the Combination aerosol cans achieved a significantly better effects, especially what on PVC and glazed tiles (Table 12).

These effects improvements are evidently due to synergistic Effects of the flufenoxuron caused.

Claims (10)

1. Insecticides and acaricidal drug combinations, which in addition to the usual Aggregates at least one synthetic pyrethroid or natural Pyrethrum and at least one insect development inhibitor included. 2. Insecticidal and acaricidal drug combinations according to claim 1, characterized characterized in that they contain a short-term pyrethroid, which is available as a single active substance has a biological duration of action of less than 14 days, and as an insect development inhibitor a chitin synthesis inhibitor from the Class of benzoylureas. 3. insecticidal and acaricidal drug combinations according to claim 1, characterized characterized in that they contain a short-term pyrethroid, which is available as a single active substance has a biological duration of action of less than 14 days, and as an insect development inhibitor a chitin synthesis inhibitor from the series such as B. Lufenuron, RH 5849 (2-Benzoyl-1- (1,1-dimethylethylbenzoic acid) hydrazide); fluazuron; Diflubenzuron, N - [[[3,5-dichloro-4- (4-chlorophenoxy) phenyl] amino] carbonyl], 2,6-difluorobenzamide; flufenoxuron; flucycloxuron; Penfluron; teflubenzuron; hexaflumuron; tebufenozide; 2-chloro-N - [[[4- (1- phenylethoxy) phenyl] amino] carbonyl] -benzamide; Sodium 1,4-bis (2- ethylhexyl) -sulfobutandioat; novaluron; 2-chloro-N - [[[4- (2,2-dichloro-1,1- difluoroethoxy) phenyl] amino] carbonyl] -benzamide; 6-azido-N-cydopropyl-N ' ethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine; N - [[[5- (4-bromophenyl) -6-methyl-2-pyrazinyl] amino] carbonyl] -2,6-dichlorobenzamid; 2,6-dichloro-N - [[(4- chlorophenyl) amino] carbonyl] -benzamide; methoprene; triflumuron; pyriproxyfen; Fenoxycarb contains. 4. Insecticidal and acaricidal drug combinations according to claim 1, characterized characterized in that they include transfluthrin or natural pyrethrum and as Insect development inhibitor triflumuron and / or flufenoxuron included. 5. insecticidal and acaricidal drug combinations according to claim 1, characterized characterized in that they are 0.01 to 2.0 weight percent transfluthrin and 0.005 to 10.0 weight percent triflumuron and / or flufenoxuron.   6. Insecticidal and acaricidal drug combinations according to claim 1, the 0.01 to 0.2 weight percent transfluthrin and 0.005 to 1.5 weight percent Triflumuron and / or flufenoxuron included. 7. active substance combinations according to claims 1 to 6, characterized marked records that it is spray formulations. 8. active compound combinations of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that these are formulations such as ULV, hot and cable mist, emulsion con Centrate (EC), water-based emulsion concentrates (EW) or wettable Powders (WP) is. 9. Use of active compound combinations according to claims 1 to 8 for Control of animal pests that are present in the household or as Hygiene or storage pests occur. 10. A method for controlling animal pests in the household or occur as hygiene or storage pests, characterized in that one drug combinations according to claims 1 to 8 to such Insects or mites and / or their habitat act.