DE19549181A1 - Appliance for measuring the current in conductor - Google Patents

Appliance for measuring the current in conductor

Info

Publication number
DE19549181A1
DE19549181A1 DE1995149181 DE19549181A DE19549181A1 DE 19549181 A1 DE19549181 A1 DE 19549181A1 DE 1995149181 DE1995149181 DE 1995149181 DE 19549181 A DE19549181 A DE 19549181A DE 19549181 A1 DE19549181 A1 DE 19549181A1
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Germany
Prior art keywords
conductor
sensor
current
parts
magnetic field
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE1995149181
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Peter Ing Grad Zieher
Tobias Hoeflinger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority to DE1995149181 priority Critical patent/DE19549181A1/en
Publication of DE19549181A1 publication Critical patent/DE19549181A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
    • G01R15/14—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
    • G01R15/20—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using galvano-magnetic devices, e.g. Hall-effect devices, i.e. measuring a magnetic field via the interaction between a current and a magnetic field, e.g. magneto resistive or Hall effect devices
    • G01R15/207—Constructional details independent of the type of device used
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
    • G01R15/14—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
    • G01R15/20—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using galvano-magnetic devices, e.g. Hall-effect devices, i.e. measuring a magnetic field via the interaction between a current and a magnetic field, e.g. magneto resistive or Hall effect devices
    • G01R15/202—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using galvano-magnetic devices, e.g. Hall-effect devices, i.e. measuring a magnetic field via the interaction between a current and a magnetic field, e.g. magneto resistive or Hall effect devices using Hall-effect devices

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measuring Instrument Details And Bridges, And Automatic Balancing Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The appliance has a sensor (11) located in the vicinity of the conductor which provides a voltage dependent on the strength of the magnetic field generated by the current. The conductor (10) consists of two parts (10a,10b) positioned sufficiently close to each other that the current I in each is in opposition with the sensor lying between them. The sensor can be a Hall effect sensor connected to an amplifier which can be combined with the sensor or form a separate unit. The conductor can be rectangular in cross-section with the wider sides facing one another.

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung geht aus von einer Vorrichtung zur Messung eines in einem Leiter fließenden Stromes nach der Gattung des Hauptanspruchs.The invention is based on a device for measurement a current flowing in a conductor according to the genus of the main claim.

Es ist bekannt, daß zur Messung des Stromes, der durch einen Leiter fließt, ein Hallsensor eingesetzt werden kann, der in der Nähe des Leiters angeordnet ist und das vom Strom erzeugte Magnetfeld mißt. Damit die Meßergebnisse zuverlässig auswertbar sind, muß zur Verstärkung der Feldliniendichte um den Leiter ein Ringkern aus ferromagnetischem Material mit einem Luftspalt gelegt werden. Es kann dann das Magnetfeld im Luftspalt mit Hilfe des Hallsensors gemessen werden. Diese bekannte Vorrichtung zur Messung des in einem Leiter fließenden Stromes hat den Nachteil, daß ein Ringkern benötigt wird, wodurch zusätzliche Kosten entstehen.It is known that to measure the current through a Conductor flows, a Hall sensor can be used, which in is located near the conductor and that of the current generated magnetic field measures. So that the measurement results are reliably evaluable, must to reinforce the Field line density around the conductor from a toroid ferromagnetic material placed with an air gap will. It can then use the magnetic field in the air gap of the Hall sensor can be measured. This known device for measuring the current flowing in a conductor has the Disadvantage that a toroid is required, which additional costs arise.

Weiterhin muß eine magnetisch bedingte Nullpunkthysterese (Remanenz) berücksichtigt werden und es können magnetisch bedingte Sättigungserscheinungen auftreten. Furthermore, one must be magnetic conditional zero point hysteresis (remanence) must be taken into account and there may be magnetic saturation phenomena occur.  

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 hat demgegenüber den Vorteil, daß kein Ringkern benötigt wird. Es wird dadurch möglich, eine kleine und kostengünstige Strommeßvorrichtung mit geringem Gewicht aufzubauen. Besonders vorteilhaft ist, daß keine magnetisch bedingte Nullpunkthysterese auftreten kann und daß bei großen Strömen keine magnetischen Sättigungserscheinungen zu Meßungenauigkeiten führen können.The inventive device with the features of Claim 1 has the advantage that no ring core is needed. This makes it possible to have a small and Inexpensive current measuring device with low weight build up. It is particularly advantageous that none is magnetic conditional zero point hysteresis can occur and that at large currents no magnetic saturation Can lead to measurement inaccuracies.

Erzielt werden diese Vorteile, indem der Stromleiter aus zwei miteinander in Verbindung stehenden Teilleitern besteht, die in geringem Abstand zueinander so angeordnet sind, daß sie einen gegenläufigen Strom führen, wobei der Sensor zwischen den beiden Teilen des Leiters angeordnet ist. Durch diese Konfiguration wird sichergestellt, daß das vom fließenden Strom erzeugte Magnetfeld zwischen den beiden Leitern stärker und homogener ist und eine im Vergleich zur Feldliniendichte eines Einzelleiters wesentlich höhere Feldliniendichte aufweist.These benefits are achieved by pulling the conductor out two interconnected sub-conductors there, which is arranged at a short distance from each other are that they carry an opposite current, the Sensor placed between the two parts of the conductor is. This configuration ensures that the magnetic field generated by the flowing current between the two Ladders is stronger and more homogeneous and one compared to Field line density of a single conductor is much higher Has field line density.

Durch die in den Unteransprüchen aufgeführten Merkmale sind vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen und Verbesserungen der im Hauptanspruch angegebenen Vorrichtung möglich. Durch möglichst exakte Parallelführung der beiden Leiter sowie durch geometrische Ausgestaltung als flächenhafte Stromschienen läßt sich zwischen den beiden Leitern ein besonders homogenes Magnetfeld erzeugen, wobei Einflüsse von äußeren bzw. Fremdmagnetfeldern weitgehend vermieden werden. Wird der Sensor, vorteilhafterweise ein Hallsensor, genau in der Mitte zwischen den Stromschieden angeordnet, sind besonders genaue Messungen möglich. Die vom Sensor erzeugte Ausgangsspannung läßt sich in vorteilhafter Weise mit Hilfe eines geeigneten Verstärkers so weit verstärken, daß eine Weiterverarbeitung der Sensorspannung möglich ist. Die Verstärkeranordnung kann dabei entweder im Sensorelement selbst integriert sein oder in einer nachfolgenden Auswerteeinrichtung integriert sein.By the features listed in the subclaims advantageous developments and improvements in Main claim specified device possible. By paralleling the two conductors as precisely as possible as well due to the geometrical design as flat Busbars can be inserted between the two conductors generate a particularly homogeneous magnetic field, with influences of external or external magnetic fields are largely avoided. If the sensor, advantageously a Hall sensor, is exactly in are arranged in the middle between the current divisions particularly precise measurements possible. The one generated by the sensor Output voltage can be advantageously with the help of a suitable amplifier so far that a  Further processing of the sensor voltage is possible. The Amplifier arrangement can either be in the sensor element be integrated itself or in a subsequent one Evaluation device can be integrated.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist, daß mit der beanspruchten Vorrichtung eine potentialfreie Strommessung möglich ist.It is particularly advantageous that with the claimed Device a potential-free current measurement is possible.

Zeichnungdrawing

Vier Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in den Fig. 1-4 dargestellt und werden in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert.Four exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in FIGS. 1-4 and are explained in more detail in the description below.

Beschreibungdescription

In Fig. 1 ist ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung dargestellt. Bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel ist der Leiter 10 eine Stromschiene mit den Teilen 10a und 10b, die in räumlicher Nähe zueinander liegen und im wesentlichen parallel zueinander sind. Durch den Leiter 10 fließt der Strom I, dessen Stärke gemessen werden soll. Die Richtung des Stromes I ist im Teil 10a des Leiters 10 entgegengesetzt zur Richtung des Stromes I im Leiter 10b, das vom Strom erzeugte Magnetfeld setzt sich zusammen aus den Magnetfeldern Ba und Bb, wobei sich die Feldstärke zwischen den beiden Teilen 10a und 10b addiert.In Fig. 1 a first embodiment of the invention is shown. In this embodiment, the conductor 10 is a busbar with the parts 10 a and 10 b, which are in spatial proximity to each other and are substantially parallel to each other. The current I flows through the conductor 10 , the strength of which is to be measured. The direction of the current I is in part 10 a of the conductor 10 opposite to the direction of the current I in the conductor 10 b, the magnetic field generated by the current is composed of the magnetic fields Ba and Bb, the field strength between the two parts 10 a and 10 b added.

Zwischen den beiden Teilen 10a und 10b des Leiters 10 befindet sich der Sensor 11, beispielsweise ein Hallsensor mit drei Anschlüssen 12, 13, 14. Über einen dieser Anschlüsse wird die Versorgungsspannung UV zugeführt, zwischen den beiden anderen Anschlüssen entsteht die magnetfeldabhängige und damit stromabhängige Spannung Ua, bei dem in Fig. 1 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel wird die Spannung Ua in einem Verstärker 15 verstärkt zur Ausgangsspannung UA. Der Verstärker 15 ist dabei Bestandteil einer Auswerteeinrichtung 16, er kann auch bereits im Sensor 11 integriert sein, so daß dann am Ausgang des Sensors gleich die verstärkte Ausgangsspannung UA entsteht.The sensor 11 , for example a Hall sensor with three connections 12 , 13 , 14, is located between the two parts 10 a and 10 b of the conductor 10 . The supply voltage UV is supplied via one of these connections, the magnetic field-dependent and thus current-dependent voltage Ua arises between the two other connections. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the voltage Ua is amplified to the output voltage UA in an amplifier 15 . The amplifier 15 is part of an evaluation device 16 , it can also be integrated in the sensor 11 , so that the amplified output voltage UA then arises at the output of the sensor.

Bei dem in Fig. 1 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel wird also durch den gegenläufigen Strom in den beiden Teilen 10a, 10b des Leiters 10, der als Stromschiene ausgestaltet ist, ein gegenläufiger Strom erzeugt, der zwischen den Leitern ein konzentrisches Magnetfeld erzeugt. Dieses Magnetfeld wird im Hallsensor sowie dem zugeordneten Verstärker in ein Spannungssignal gewandelt, wobei diese Spannung proportional zum Strom I im Leiter ist.In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the opposing current in the two parts 10 a, 10 b of the conductor 10 , which is designed as a busbar, produces an opposing current that generates a concentric magnetic field between the conductors. This magnetic field is converted into a voltage signal in the Hall sensor and the associated amplifier, this voltage being proportional to the current I in the conductor.

In den Fig. 2, 3 und 4 sind weitere Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung dargestellt, wobei auf die Darstellung der Auswerteeinrichtung verzichtet wurde. Die Ausführungsbeispiele nach den Fig. 2, 3 und 4 unterscheiden sich vom Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 1 lediglich in der Ausgestaltung der Leiter. Durch geeignete Querschnittsformen der Leiter sowie durch den Abstand der Leiter zueinander kann generell eine Feldliniendichte am Meßort, also am Ort, an dem der Sensor angeordnet wird, optimiert werden. Beim Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 2 weist der Leiter einen kreisförmigen Querschnitt auf. Auf den einander zugewandten Seiten der Teile 10a, 10b des Leiters sind Schlitze 17a, 17b eingebracht, in denen der Sensor 11 angeordnet ist.In Figs. 2, 3 and 4, further embodiments of the invention are shown, having been dispensed with the display of the evaluation device. The exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 differ from the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1 only in the design of the conductors. A suitable cross-sectional shape of the conductors and the spacing of the conductors from one another can generally optimize a field line density at the measurement location, that is to say at the location where the sensor is arranged. In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the conductor has a circular cross-section. On the mutually facing sides of the parts 10 a, 10 b of the conductor, slots 17 a, 17 b are made, in which the sensor 11 is arranged.

Beim Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 3 sind diese Schlitze nicht vorhanden und der Sensor befindet sich zwischen den Teilen 10a, 10b des Leiters 10 oder etwas oberhalb von diesen Leiterteilen. In the embodiment according Fig. 3, these slits are not present and the sensor is located between the parts 10 a, 10 b of the conductor 10 or slightly above this conductor parts.

In Fig. 4 ist ein Leiter mit einem quadratischen Querschnitt dargestellt, wobei jeweils auf der einander zugewandten Seite der Leiterteile 10a, 10b Aussparungen 18a, 18b vorhanden sind, in denen sich der Sensor 11 befindet. FIG. 4 shows a conductor with a square cross section, recesses 18 a, 18 b being present on the side of the conductor parts 10 a, 10 b facing each other, in which the sensor 11 is located.

Grundsätzlich funktioniert die vorliegende Erfindung auch mit anderen Leitern, Voraussetzung ist lediglich, daß die Leiter aus zwei Teilen bestehen, die zueinander in räumlicher Nähe liegen und den Strom in unterschiedliche Richtung führen, so daß eine Verstärkung des vom Strom erzeugten Magnetfeldes erfolgt.In principle, the present invention also works with other leaders, the only requirement is that the Ladder consist of two parts that are in each other close proximity and the electricity in different Direction so that an amplification of the current generated magnetic field takes place.

Als Sensor kann prinzipiell jeder Sensor eingesetzt werden, der ein von der Magnetfeldstärke abhängiges Ausgangssignal liefert. Besonders einfache Auswertemöglichkeiten ergeben sich jedoch bei Verwendung eines Hallsensors, da dann das Ausgangssignal des Sensors proportional zum Strom im Leiter ist.In principle, any sensor can be used as a sensor, which is an output signal dependent on the magnetic field strength delivers. Particularly simple evaluation options result However, when using a Hall sensor, because then Sensor output signal proportional to the current in the conductor is.

Die Erfindung läßt sich auf nahezu alle Gleichstrommessungen anwenden, sie kann beispielsweise auch zur potentialfreien Strommessung in einem Wechselrichter für Elektrokraftfahrzeuge eingesetzt werden.The invention can be applied to almost all direct current measurements apply, it can also be used for potential-free Current measurement in an inverter for Electric vehicles are used.

Claims (6)

1. Vorrichtung zur Messung eines in einem Leiter fließenden Stromes mit einem in der Nähe des Leiters angeordneten Sensor, der eine Ausgangsspannung abgibt, die von der Stärke des vom Strom erzeugten Magnetfeldes abhängt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Leiter (10) aus zwei Teilen (10a, 10b) besteht, die in geringem Abstand zueinander so angeordnet sind, daß sie einen gegenläufigen Strom I führen, wobei der Sensor (11) zwischen den beiden Teilen (10a, 10b) des Leiters (10) liegt.1. Device for measuring a current flowing in a conductor with a sensor arranged in the vicinity of the conductor, which outputs an output voltage that depends on the strength of the magnetic field generated by the current, characterized in that the conductor ( 10 ) consists of two parts ( 10 a, 10 b), which are arranged at a short distance from one another so that they carry an opposite current I, the sensor ( 11 ) between the two parts ( 10 a, 10 b) of the conductor ( 10 ). 2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Sensor ein Hallsensor ist, dem eine Verstärkeranordnung zugeordnet ist, die entweder Bestandteil des Sensors ist oder getrennt von diesem aufgebaut ist.2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the sensor is a Hall sensor with an amplifier arrangement is assigned, which is either part of the sensor or is constructed separately from this. 3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Leiter (10, 10a, 10b) als Stromschiene aufgebaut ist, mit rechteckförmigem Querschnitt, wobei die Teile (10a, 10b) mit ihren breiteren Seiten einander gegenüberliegen.3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the conductor ( 10 , 10 a, 10 b) is constructed as a busbar, with a rectangular cross section, the parts ( 10 a, 10 b) with their wider sides opposite one another. 4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Leiter (10) bzw. die Teile (10a, 10b) einen kreisförmigen Querschnitt aufweisen. 4. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the conductor ( 10 ) or the parts ( 10 a, 10 b) have a circular cross section. 5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß auf den einander zugewandten Seiten der Teile (10a, 10b) Schlitze vorhanden sind, in die der Sensor (11) eingefügt wird.5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that there are slots on the mutually facing sides of the parts ( 10 a, 10 b) into which the sensor ( 11 ) is inserted. 6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Querschnitt des Leiters (10) bzw. der Teile (10a, 10b) quadratisch ist, wobei auf den einander zugewandten Seiten der Teile (10a, 10b) jeweils eine Kerbe vorhanden ist und der Sensor (11) jeweils in die Kerbe eingefügt wird.6. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cross section of the conductor ( 10 ) or the parts ( 10 a, 10 b) is square, with on the mutually facing sides of the parts ( 10 a, 10 b) in each case a notch is present and the sensor ( 11 ) is inserted into the notch.
DE1995149181 1995-12-30 1995-12-30 Appliance for measuring the current in conductor Withdrawn DE19549181A1 (en)

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Cited By (18)

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DE19741417A1 (en) * 1997-09-19 1999-04-01 Klaus Bruchmann Current measuring device with Hall sensor
DE19755773A1 (en) * 1997-12-16 1999-06-17 Cit Alcatel Measurement arrangement for time function of large electric current with short rise-time, especially for GTO thyristor
WO1999060691A1 (en) * 1998-05-15 1999-11-25 Jiri Zahradnik Measuring bridge with integrated intelligence
DE19908652C1 (en) * 1998-11-02 2000-04-20 Ssg Halbleiter Vertriebs Gmbh Measuring device to specify current passing along electrical conductor; has magnetic field sensors to measure magnetic field created by current as it passes along conductor
WO2000079291A1 (en) * 1999-06-22 2000-12-28 Honeywell Ag Current sensor
DE10049071A1 (en) * 2000-10-02 2002-04-25 Micronas Gmbh Circuit protection device, especially in vehicles, has terminals protruding out of housing formed in one piece with conducting section inside housing forming preferred breakage point
DE10107811A1 (en) * 2001-02-20 2002-09-19 Bosch Gmbh Robert Device, ammeter and motor vehicle
DE10108640A1 (en) * 2001-02-22 2002-09-19 Infineon Technologies Ag Contact-free current measurement device has an array of two similar magnetic field sensors for measuring equal currents flowing in opposite directions in parallel conductors, such that measurements are insensitive to position
US6703822B2 (en) 2000-08-12 2004-03-09 Robert Bosch Gmbh Circuit for detecting a current passing through a consumer
EP1467214A2 (en) * 2003-04-11 2004-10-13 Canon Denshi Kabushiki Kaisha Current sensor and current detection unit using the same
US7116094B2 (en) 2004-07-28 2006-10-03 International Business Machines Corporation Apparatus and method for transmission and remote sensing of signals from integrated circuit devices
DE102006006314A1 (en) * 2005-05-25 2006-11-30 Conti Temic Microelectronic Gmbh Device for measuring the current intensity
JP2007218729A (en) * 2006-02-16 2007-08-30 Tokai Rika Co Ltd Current sensor
EP1939635A1 (en) 2006-12-27 2008-07-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Device for measuring electric current in a conductor
WO2009119238A1 (en) * 2008-03-24 2009-10-01 株式会社 東芝 Current detector and voltmeter using the same
US7612553B2 (en) 2007-07-26 2009-11-03 Honeywell International Inc. Current sensor having sandwiched magnetic permeability layer
DE102012104348A1 (en) 2012-05-21 2013-11-21 Konrad Slanec Contactless current sensor system for measuring electric current flowing in current conductor, has ferromagnetic core portions arranged so that two air gaps are formed such that magnetic field sensors are arranged in each air-gaps
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US6472878B1 (en) 1997-09-19 2002-10-29 Klaus Bruchmann Current measuring element with a hall sensor
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