DE19541719A1 - Determining harness of water used as solvent - Google Patents
Determining harness of water used as solventInfo
- Publication number
- DE19541719A1 DE19541719A1 DE19541719A DE19541719A DE19541719A1 DE 19541719 A1 DE19541719 A1 DE 19541719A1 DE 19541719 A DE19541719 A DE 19541719A DE 19541719 A DE19541719 A DE 19541719A DE 19541719 A1 DE19541719 A1 DE 19541719A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- water
- conductivity
- hardness
- determining
- measured
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 5
- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 206010057362 Underdose Diseases 0.000 description 1
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium carbonate Substances [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004851 dishwashing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical class [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011160 magnesium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- -1 magnesium cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
- G01N27/06—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a liquid
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
- D06F34/00—Details of control systems for washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
- D06F34/14—Arrangements for detecting or measuring specific parameters
- D06F34/22—Condition of the washing liquid, e.g. turbidity
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/18—Water
- G01N33/1853—Hardness of water
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
- D06F2103/00—Parameters monitored or detected for the control of domestic laundry washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
- D06F2103/20—Washing liquid condition, e.g. turbidity
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
- D06F2105/00—Systems or parameters controlled or affected by the control systems of washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
- D06F2105/42—Detergent or additive supply
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
- D06F2105/00—Systems or parameters controlled or affected by the control systems of washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
- D06F2105/58—Indications or alarms to the control system or to the user
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Control Of Washing Machine And Dryer (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zum Bestimmen der Wasserhärte, vorzugsweise von Leitungswasser, welches als Lösungsmittel bei Wasch- und/oder Spülprozessen verwendet wird sowie auf eine Einrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1 bzw. 4, wobei diese vorzugsweise in Geräten für den Haushalt sowie als Handmeßgerät angewendet werden sollen.The invention relates to a method for determining water hardness, preferably tap water, which is used as a solvent in washing and / or rinsing processes is used as well as on a device for Implementation of the method according to the preamble of Claim 1 or 4, these preferably in devices can be used for the household and as a hand-held measuring device should.
Kriterien für das Dosieren von Waschmittel in Haushalt waschmaschinen sind die Wäschemenge, die Wasserhärte und der Verschmutzungsgrad des textilen Waschgutes.Criteria for dosing detergent in the home washing machines are the amount of laundry, the water hardness and the degree of soiling of the laundry.
Während die Wäschemenge in modernen Haushaltwaschmaschinen automatisch beispielsweise über die zufließende Wassermenge erfaßt werden kann, ist eine automatische Bestimmung der Wasserhärte und des Verschmutzungsgrades des Waschgutes bisher noch nicht möglich.While the amount of laundry in modern household washing machines automatically, for example, based on the amount of water flowing in can be detected is an automatic determination the water hardness and the degree of pollution of the Laundry items not yet possible.
Die Wasserhärte wird bisher vom Betreiber des Haushalt gerätes entweder manuell mittels Teststreifen bestimmt oer beim regionalen Wasserwerk erfragt.So far, the water hardness is determined by the operator of the household device either determined manually using test strips oer asked at the regional waterworks.
Chemische Analysen zum Bestimmen der Wasserhärte sind sowohl für den Anwender als auch für den Servicefachmann sehr aufwendig. Diese Wasserhärtebestimmung erfolgt in der Regel auch nur einmal, z. B. bei der Neuinstallation eines solchen wasserführenden Hausgerätes.Chemical analyzes are used to determine water hardness for both the user and the service professional very complex. This water hardness is determined in usually only once, e.g. B. with the new installation of such a water-bearing household appliance.
Untersuchungen bestätigen jedoch starke zeitliche und territoriale Schwankungen der Wasserhärte, die z. B. durch Ring-Versorgungssysteme verursacht werden können, indem die Wassereinspeisung der an das Ring-Versorgungssystem angeschlossenen Wasserwerke z. B. je nach Jahreszeit und Witterungsbedingungen unterschiedlich ausfällt.However, studies confirm strong temporal and territorial fluctuations in water hardness, e.g. B. by Ring supply systems can be caused by the water supply to the ring supply system connected waterworks z. B. depending on the season and Weather conditions are different.
Welche konkreten Wassereigenschaften an der jeweiligen Entnahmestelle vorherrschen, läßt sich durch das Wasserwerk nicht genau vorhersagen.Which concrete water properties at the respective The tapping point prevails, can be through the waterworks do not predict exactly.
Regionale Unterschiede der Wasserhärte innerhalb eines Postleitzahlenbereiches können bis zu 14 Grad dH betragen und somit zwischen "weichem" Wasser und "sehr hartem" Wasser schwanken.Regional differences in water hardness within one Postal code range can be up to 14 degrees dH and thus between "soft" water and "very hard" Water fluctuate.
An Hand eines solchen Extremfalles wird deutlich, daß eine abgestimmte Dosierung des Wasch- und Pflegemittels durch den Betreiber des Hausgerätes erforderlich ist, damit es nicht zu einer Unter- oder Überdosierung kommt. Während eine Überdosierung die Abwasserbelastung erhöht, spiegelt sich eine Unterdosierung in einem schlechten Waschergebnis wieder und belastet ggf. die Hausgeräte durch eine verstärkte Kalkablagerung.On the basis of such an extreme case, it becomes clear that a coordinated dosage of detergent and care products is required by the operator of the household appliance, so that there is no under or overdosing. While an overdose increases wastewater pollution, an underdose is reflected in a bad one Washing result again and possibly burdens the household appliances due to increased limescale.
Eine härteabhängige Dosierung des Wasch- und Pflegemittels ist somit ohne eine kontinuierliche Überwachung nicht möglich, und um den Dosierungsvorgang weitestgehend objektiv zu gestalten, ist deshalb das Bestimmen der Wasserhärte notwendig.A hardness-dependent dosage of the detergent and care product is therefore without continuous monitoring not possible, and largely around the dosing process The objective is to determine the water hardness necessary.
Die bisher bekannten Verfahren zum Bestimmen der Wasser härte lassen sich für eine automatische Meßeinrichtung in wasserführenden Haushaltgeräten aufgrund eines zu großen technischen Aufwandes nicht einsetzen.The previously known methods for determining the water hardness can be used for an automatic measuring device in water-bearing household appliances due to a not use great technical effort.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zu grunde, die vorgenannten Nachteile zu beseitigen und ein Verfahren und eine Einrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens zu schaffen, welches auf der Basis der Messung der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit die Gesamthärte des ver wendeten Wassers ermittelt und somit die Möglichkeit schafft, die Wasserhärte in Haushaltwaschgeräten auto matisch zu bestimmen.The present invention therefore has the object reasons to eliminate the aforementioned disadvantages and a Method and a device for carrying out the method to create which one based on the measurement the electrical conductivity the total hardness of ver water used and thus the possibility creates the water hardness in household washing machines auto to determine matically.
Diese technische Aufgabe wird durch die im kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspruches 1 bzw. 4 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst.This technical task is characterized by the in the Part of claim 1 or 4 specified features solved.
Der wesentliche Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens gegenüber den bekannten technischen Lösungen besteht darin, daß durch die Anwendung des Verfahrens in Haus haltwaschgeräten eine härteabhängige Steuerung der Wasch- und Pflegemitteldosierung ermöglicht wird.The main advantage of the method according to the invention compared to the known technical solutions in that by applying the procedure in house holding washing machines a hardness-dependent control of the washing and care agent dosage is made possible.
Darüber hinaus ist mit diesem Verfahren eine kontinuierliche Prüfung der Wasserhärte auch in anderen wasserführenden Geräten, Maschinen und Anlagen möglich, um rechtzeitig vorbeugende Maßnahmen zum Verhindern von ungewollten Kalkablagerungen ergreifen zu können.In addition, this process is continuous Testing the water hardness also in other water-bearing Devices, machines and systems possible to timely preventive measures to prevent unwanted To be able to seize limescale.
Die Anwendung berührungsloser Leitfähigkeitsmeßverfahren mittels kapazitiver Elektroden ist technisch und wirt schaftlich so ausgelegt, daß ein serienmäßiger Einsatz der erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens in Textil- oder Geschirreinigungsmaschinen, insbesondere im Haushaltsbereich, möglich wird.The use of non-contact conductivity measurement methods using capacitive electrodes is technical and economical designed so that a standard use the inventive device for performing the Process in textile or dishwashing machines, especially in the household sector.
Ebenso ist die Anwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Ein richtung in einem Handgerät für das Bestimmen der Wasserhärte vor Ort möglich.Likewise, the application of the A according to the invention Direction in a handheld device for determining the water hardness possible on site.
Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind aus den Unteransprüchen und aus dem nachfolgenden, anhand der Zeichnungen prinzipmäßig be schriebenen Ausführungsbeispiel ersichtlich.Further advantageous refinements and developments the invention are from the dependent claims and from the following, in principle be based on the drawings written embodiment can be seen.
Es zeigtIt shows
Fig. 1 die Kennlinie der Wasserhärte in Abhängigkeit von der Leitfähigkeit, Fig. 1 shows the characteristic curve of the water hardness in function of the conductivity,
Fig. 2 eine prinzipielle schematische Anordnung der für die Durchführung des Verfahrens erforderlichen Einrichtung (am Beispiel von Waschgeräten). Fig. 2 shows a basic schematic arrangement of the device required for carrying out the method (using the example of washing machines).
Eine Leitfähigkeitsmeßzelle 1a bzw. 1b ist in einem Laugenbehälter 2 des Waschgerätes oder in einem Wasserzulauf 3 angeordnet, mit der während oder nach dem Zulauf des Wassers die Leitfähigkeit gemessen und mit Hilfe der Kalibrierfunktion die Gesamthärte, vorzugsweise durch eine angeschlossene Elektronikeinheit 4, bestimmt wird. Je nach Größe der aktuellen Gesamthärte steuert die Elektronikeinheit 4 die Zugabe von Waschmittel aus einer automatischen Dosiereinrichtung 5 oder zeigt den Wert der Wasserhärte auf einem Display 6 für eine manuelle Dosierung an.A conductivity measuring cell 1 a or 1 b is arranged in a tub 2 of the washing machine or in a water inlet 3 , with which the conductivity is measured during or after the inlet of the water and with the help of the calibration function the total hardness, preferably by a connected electronics unit 4 , is determined becomes. Depending on the size of the current total hardness, the electronics unit 4 controls the addition of detergent from an automatic metering device 5 or shows the value of the water hardness on a display 6 for manual metering.
Die Gesamthärte (nach DIN 38 409-H 6) des Wassers ent spricht einer Stoffmengen-Konzentration an Calcium- und Magnesium-Ionen, ohne dabei die Art der Anionen zu be trachten. In Leitungswasser ist der Anteil dieser Ionen gegenüber anderen Kationen (z. B. Natrium und Kalium) dominierend. Calcium- und Magnesium-Ionen entstehen im Leitungswasser vorwiegend durch die Dissoziation von Calcium- und Magnesium-Carbonaten. Die Carbonathärte entspricht dabei jenem Anteil an Calcium- und Magnesium-Ionen, für den eine äquivalente Menge an Carbonat-Ionen vorliegt. Die Nicht-Carbonathärte ist nach Abzug der Carbonathärte von der Gesamtwasserhärte gegebenenfalls der verbleibende Rest an Calcium- und Magnesium-Ionen und bedeutet, daß dieser Anteil nicht aus der Auflösung von Carbonaten, sondern aus Sulfaten, Chloriden, Nitraten oder Phosphaten stammt.The total hardness (according to DIN 38 409-H 6) of the water ent speaks a concentration of calcium and Magnesium ions without changing the type of anions try. The proportion of these ions is in tap water compared to other cations (e.g. sodium and potassium) dominant. Calcium and magnesium ions are created in the Tap water primarily through the dissociation of calcium and magnesium carbonates. The carbonate hardness corresponds that proportion of calcium and magnesium ions, for which an equivalent amount of carbonate ions is present. The non-carbonate hardness is after deduction of the Carbonate hardness from the total water hardness if necessary the rest of the calcium and magnesium ions and means that this proportion does not result from the dissolution of Carbonates, but from sulfates, chlorides, nitrates or phosphates.
Die Leitfähigkeit des Leitungswassers wird demnach durch die Menge an Calcium- und Magnesium-Kationen und die dazu äquivalente Menge an Anionen (Carbonat-, Sulfat-, Chlorid-, Nitrat- und Phosphat-Ionen) bestimmt.The conductivity of the tap water is therefore determined by the amount of calcium and magnesium cations and the equivalent amount of anions (carbonate, sulfate, Chloride, nitrate and phosphate ions).
Da die Ionen-Beweglichkeit µ dieser Anionen keine extremen Unterschiede aufweist (µ = 640, . . ., 720 cm²/Vs), sind auch keine wesentlichen Unterschiede der Leitfähigkeit aufgrund der Art der Anionen zu erwarten. Deren zulässige Konzentration sind ebenso, wie die zulässigen Konzentrationen anderer Kationen durch Richt- und Grenzwerte in der Trinkwasser-Verordnung festgelegt, so daß der störende Einfluß der in der Gesamthärte nicht enthaltener Stoffe auf die Leitfähigkeit gering bleibt.Since the ion mobility µ of these anions is not extreme Differences (µ = 640,..., 720 cm² / Vs), are also no significant differences in conductivity expected due to the nature of the anions. Their permissible Concentration are just like the permissible concentrations other cations by guideline and limit values in the drinking water ordinance so that the annoying Influence of substances not included in the total hardness on the conductivity remains low.
Die Untersuchung von Trinkwasser-Proben aus unterschied lichen Regionen Deutschlands bestätigt, daß mit Hilfe der elektrolytischen Leitfähigkeit die Gesamthärte des Trink wassers ermittelt werden kann (Fig. 1).The examination of drinking water samples from different regions of Germany confirms that the total hardness of the drinking water can be determined with the help of the electrolytic conductivity ( Fig. 1).
Mittels einer abgeleiteten Kalibrierkurve oder einem Kalibrierkurvenfaktor läßt sich die Gesamthärte aus der gemessenen Leitfähigkeit bestimmen.Using a derived calibration curve or a Calibration curve factor can be the total hardness from the determine the measured conductivity.
Zu Messung der Leitfähigkeit eignen sich alle Einrich tungen, die die Leitfähigkeit in einem Bereich von 0 bis 2 mS/cm erfassen.All devices are suitable for measuring conductivity the conductivity in a range from 0 to Record 2 mS / cm.
Um eine möglichst lange Lebensdauer dieser Einrichtung in Haushaltwaschgeräten zu gewährleisten, ist der Einsatz kontaktloser Leitfähigkeitssensoren auf der Grundlage kapazitiver Meßprinzipien im Vergleich zu relativ schnell korrodierenden Sensoren mit Metall-Elektroden vorteilhaft.To ensure the longest possible lifespan of this facility The use is to ensure in household washing machines contactless conductivity sensors based capacitive measuring principles compared to relative quickly corroding sensors with metal electrodes advantageous.
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE19541719A DE19541719A1 (en) | 1995-11-09 | 1995-11-09 | Determining harness of water used as solvent |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19541719A DE19541719A1 (en) | 1995-11-09 | 1995-11-09 | Determining harness of water used as solvent |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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DE19541719A1 true DE19541719A1 (en) | 1997-05-15 |
Family
ID=7776978
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE19541719A Withdrawn DE19541719A1 (en) | 1995-11-09 | 1995-11-09 | Determining harness of water used as solvent |
Country Status (1)
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DE (1) | DE19541719A1 (en) |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2820206A1 (en) * | 2001-01-31 | 2002-08-02 | Electricite De France | Electric water heater limescale detection procedure measures conductivity of water and sets off alarm if it drops below threshold level |
DE102004002647A1 (en) * | 2004-01-16 | 2005-08-11 | Aweco Appliance Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg | Household machine with a conductivity sensor |
EP1565608A1 (en) * | 2002-11-28 | 2005-08-24 | LG Electronics, Inc. | Washing machine, conductivity sensor in washing machine, and controlling method of the same |
EP1639175A1 (en) * | 2003-05-28 | 2006-03-29 | LG Electronics, Inc. | Control method of washing machine |
EP1639176A1 (en) * | 2003-05-28 | 2006-03-29 | LG Electronics, Inc. | Washing machine and the control method of the same |
EP1690971A3 (en) * | 2005-02-15 | 2006-09-20 | E.G.O. ELEKTRO-GERÄTEBAU GmbH | Heating device for an electrical appliance |
EP2442025A1 (en) * | 2009-06-11 | 2012-04-18 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Vapor cooker |
US8424345B2 (en) | 2002-11-28 | 2013-04-23 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Washing machine, conductivity sensor in washing machine, and controlling method of the same |
DE102015204538A1 (en) * | 2015-03-13 | 2016-09-15 | BSH Hausgeräte GmbH | Washing machine with electrochemical water hardness determination and method for its operation |
DE102018008118A1 (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2020-04-16 | Emz-Hanauer Gmbh & Co. Kgaa | Method of manufacturing a water-bearing household appliance and water-bearing household appliance |
-
1995
- 1995-11-09 DE DE19541719A patent/DE19541719A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2820206A1 (en) * | 2001-01-31 | 2002-08-02 | Electricite De France | Electric water heater limescale detection procedure measures conductivity of water and sets off alarm if it drops below threshold level |
EP1565608A1 (en) * | 2002-11-28 | 2005-08-24 | LG Electronics, Inc. | Washing machine, conductivity sensor in washing machine, and controlling method of the same |
US8424345B2 (en) | 2002-11-28 | 2013-04-23 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Washing machine, conductivity sensor in washing machine, and controlling method of the same |
EP1565608A4 (en) * | 2002-11-28 | 2007-02-21 | Lg Electronics Inc | Washing machine, conductivity sensor in washing machine, and controlling method of the same |
US8015645B2 (en) | 2003-05-28 | 2011-09-13 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Washing machine and a method of controlling the same based on measured hardness of water |
EP1639175A1 (en) * | 2003-05-28 | 2006-03-29 | LG Electronics, Inc. | Control method of washing machine |
EP1639176A1 (en) * | 2003-05-28 | 2006-03-29 | LG Electronics, Inc. | Washing machine and the control method of the same |
EP1639176A4 (en) * | 2003-05-28 | 2009-02-18 | Lg Electronics Inc | Washing machine and the control method of the same |
EP1639175A4 (en) * | 2003-05-28 | 2010-04-07 | Lg Electronics Inc | Control method of washing machine |
US7971301B2 (en) | 2003-05-28 | 2011-07-05 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Washing machine and the control method of the same |
DE102004002647A1 (en) * | 2004-01-16 | 2005-08-11 | Aweco Appliance Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg | Household machine with a conductivity sensor |
US7613385B2 (en) | 2005-02-15 | 2009-11-03 | E.G.O. Elektro-Geraetebau Gmbh | Heating device for an electrical appliance |
EP1690971A3 (en) * | 2005-02-15 | 2006-09-20 | E.G.O. ELEKTRO-GERÄTEBAU GmbH | Heating device for an electrical appliance |
EP2442025A1 (en) * | 2009-06-11 | 2012-04-18 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Vapor cooker |
EP2442025A4 (en) * | 2009-06-11 | 2013-01-16 | Sharp Kk | Vapor cooker |
US8674267B2 (en) | 2009-06-11 | 2014-03-18 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Steam cooker |
DE102015204538A1 (en) * | 2015-03-13 | 2016-09-15 | BSH Hausgeräte GmbH | Washing machine with electrochemical water hardness determination and method for its operation |
DE102018008118A1 (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2020-04-16 | Emz-Hanauer Gmbh & Co. Kgaa | Method of manufacturing a water-bearing household appliance and water-bearing household appliance |
DE102018008118B4 (en) | 2018-10-12 | 2020-07-09 | Emz-Hanauer Gmbh & Co. Kgaa | Method of manufacturing a water-bearing household appliance and water-bearing household appliance |
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