DE19514068A1 - Process and assembly to agitate fan-folded gas filters - Google Patents

Abstract

A gas filter (28a) removes solid particles by means of fan-fold or wavy-surfaced filter panels (F) which are cleaned from time to time. The novelty is that some or all of the filter panels are cleaned as required by direct mechanical agitation and shaking. The filters are agitated or shaken in sequence by a mechanical assembly which is transverse to the longitudinal axis of the folds or waves.

Description

The invention relates to a method and an apparatus according to the Preamble of claim 1 and 14 respectively.

A filter becomes inevitable in its operation from the particles or filter material added, the filter material is essentially on the surface of the filter settles and small particles penetrate there slightly into the surface layer can. The filter becomes more and more impermeable due to the fact that it is filled with filter material finally unusable, so that it can be replaced or cleaned of the filter material must become.

Replacing the filter takes a lot of work and time, and also the existing filter device must be disabled. Further is a filter replacement depending on the frequency of replacement associated with high costs, what is determined by the cost of the filter itself and the replacement costs. In one Dental laboratory can e.g. B. at a dental workstation, a filter exchange per Day may be required. At the cost of such a filter of around DM 20, - the filter costs alone result in considerable operating costs.

DE-33 40 161 A1 is a suction device for commercial or industrial purposes described that a pot-shaped collecting container for receiving the suction material has, on which a unit is arranged, which consists of a cover and a there is arranged suction unit. This suction device has a filter on it Provided underside of the suction hood, which is thus in the upper area of the Collecting container is located. The suction air is supplied by a Feed pipe directly into the collection container below the filter. The suction hood is provided on the inside with sound insulation to prevent the suction unit dampen outgoing work noises.

To reduce operating costs, filters are often removed after they have been removed cleaned, e.g. B. by blowing, shaking or the like and used again. At After cleaning by shaking, the filter is first turned across the filter surface directional acceleration and then abruptly exposed to negative acceleration, whereby the filter material should fall off the filter. There are also mechanical ones  Cleaning methods, e.g. B. by scraping. These cleaning measures are in the Older patent application P 42 35 701.2-35 described the application.

US Pat. No. 3,931,016 describes a filter device with a housing in which a drum filter is rotatably mounted about its central axis by a drive in a flow path for the gaseous medium to be filtered. The filter drum has an axial hole, with the wall of which it sits on a shaft that can be driven by the drive. The filter drum is firmly connected to a fan which is fixedly arranged on the shaft and is rotated at the same time as the filter drum. In the filter operation, a more apparent from Fig. 1 the flow path is obtained for the gaseous medium to be filtered, which extends from a downstream of the filter drum arranged inlet pipe to the outer peripheral surface of the filter drum and the latter initially radially inwardly and then axially traversed upwards and continues in the discharge tube, wherein a suction flow occurs because the pump is arranged downstream of the filter drum. In this known filter device, the filter is block-shaped, a large radial thickness of the block being required in order to achieve a large axial outflow slot. This results in long flow paths in the block-shaped filter, as a result of which the flow passage is impaired and a material-consuming filter of considerable size is specified. In addition, access to the filter is problematic because, for. B. for a check or for an exchange of the filter, the housing must be dismantled and even then the filter is only accessible from the inside of the housing. The lower part of the housing forms a collecting container for the filter material, which is thrown off the outer peripheral surface of the filter by its rotation and falls down into the collecting container.

Experiments have shown that cleaning a filter by turning and Centrifugal throwing is a viable option however, the cleaning effect is not completely satisfactory, because small and in particular light particles stick to the filter and an early one with the next filtering process Clogging the filter. This could be due to the fact that the centrifugal force is not in is able to separate the small particles from the filter in particular.

The invention has for its object to a method and an apparatus with which filter cleaning can be simplified and / or improved.

This object is solved by the features of claim 1 or 14.  

In the method according to the invention at least part of the waves or folds of a wave or wrinkled filter directly in sudden movement or vibrated. Because of these movements, the filtered particles effectively detached from the waves or folds. This improved effectiveness is on it attributed to the the waves or folds and the filtered particles transferred accelerations are larger and more effective and therefore those on the Particle detachment forces are very effective, creating an intense Cleaning results. All that is required is a butt contact in one Direction of movement. The return movement of the wave or fold or an oscillation is generated by the elastic support of the shaft or fold. As part of the Invention does not have to be shock-contacted to every shaft or fold, since the Impact movements are transmitted from wave to wave or fold to fold. You can the shock movements on the waves or folds also on waves or folds of one other side of the filter.

Another advantage of the method according to the invention is that there is none relatively long start-up times required to achieve the desired acceleration forces transfer to the particles because the waves and folds with little effort and can also be quickly put into a pushing motion. A start-up and Run-down time, as is the case with cleaning when spinning and spinning Exploitation of the centrifugal force is required in the case of the invention Procedure in progress.

Preferably, the waves or folds are successively in shock movements offset what is in a simple and advantageous manner by a push element can cause that in a transverse to the longitudinal direction of the waves or folds extending direction along their head regions or head edges, this grazes or bumps against it and thus sets in shock movements.

If the filter is not to be turned, it is essential that it is in abrupt movements offset waves or folds with respect to the filter body arranged laterally or below are so that the shaken off particles can fall off the waves or folds.

The device according to the invention enables intensive and simple good cleaning. It also enables the procedure to be carried out in a simple manner Way, being of simple construction, takes up little space, from  long life is guaranteed and a safe function. In the The inventive device can not only clean the filter by one But at least one wave or fold of the filter butt contact alternatively also by means of butt contacting of the filter as a whole or its carrier, the waves or folds of the filter are vibrated and that Filter material is detached therefrom. Such a shock contact of the filter or its Carrier overall can also be generated by a vibrator that is in the Holder of the filter or its carrier is integrated and z. B. by a preferably electrically operated vibrator can be formed.

Both the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention are suitable for block-shaped, flat or jacket-shaped, in particular hollow cylindrical Filters, with the latter the medium preferably the filter from the outside in flows through and is discharged axially. A jacket-shaped filter is characterized by a large filter area.

When using a push element to generate the push movements, it is in the Within the scope of the invention possible to move the filter and / or the abutment element. In the case of a preferably hollow cylindrical jacket filter, it is advantageous to use the Sheath filter to rotate about its axis, so that the entire circumferential area at times comes to lie down and the shaken off particles fall down can. Shaking off in the area of the top of the filter is not harmful, because these particles undergo a preliminary detachment and then fall off when they enter the the lower area of the jacket filter.

Another advantage of the method according to the invention and of the invention Apparatus can be seen in the fact that cleaning can take place in the apparatus and therefore it is not necessary to remove and reinstall the filter. Hereby a great deal of work, time and costs are eliminated.

According to claim 35, the invention also relates to a between the filter and the collecting container arranged covering the existing between Cover the passage to the collecting container or the suction air flow so that the suction air flow does not already contain filter material in the collection container can absorb or whirl up and cannot feed the filter again. As a result, only the filter material that is in contact with the gaseous one is fed to the filter Medium is newly introduced into the filter device. This allows the service life  lengthen the filter considerably, since an additional filter load of the filter with There is no filter material from the collection container.

The covering device according to the invention is designed so that it at least is permeable to the filter material at times. For this purpose, it can e.g. B. one or more Have slots through which the filter material, in particular coarse filter material, into the Collection container can fall without the gaseous medium being harmful in reaches the collection container. Preferably, the covering device is between one Open position and a closed position adjustable, with a swivel flap or a slider can serve.

An optional opening and closing cover device or Closure device above the collecting container also fulfills the purpose that Close the passage between the filter and the collection container. This is it possible to collect the container z. B. when it is full, when closed Remove the cover device and dispose of the filter material without the risk there is that filter material fall out of the filter housing and into the environment can reach. This is particularly important for environmentally harmful filter material, as is the case with the processing of medical or dental parts.

According to claim 43, the invention also relates to a filter device with two Suction lines, each with a valve for either closing or opening is arranged, wherein an air pump of variable throughput or more optionally switchable air pumps of different throughputs are provided are.

This configuration not only enables the filter device to be connected to several Machining jobs, but it's also an adjustment of the Suction throughput to the consumer used is possible, so that worked according to performance and unnecessary energy consumption can be avoided. The commissioning of optional or all workplaces is also possible.

The invention also relates to a device for filtering solid particles from a gaseous medium with a safety device for the filter, and her furthermore, the object is to design such a device in such a way that prevents an unwanted passage of the particles by the device or can at least be displayed.  

This object is solved by the features of claim 50. This device is of safe function and of simple construction, whereby it is advantageous integrates. This safety device is particularly suitable in combination with a filter that is moved to clean it. Through the Safety measures which the device according to the invention triggers can be prevented that the particles are passed through the device and on. This is particularly important for jobs where environmentally harmful materials are processed, as is the case with the processing of Heavy metals and plastics is the case. Therefore, this device works well for medical and dental laboratories.

The aforementioned problems arise in a comparable manner even if the Filter device is assigned to a collecting container for the filtered particles. Of the The invention is therefore based on the object, such To design the device so that overfilling of the collecting container is avoided or can be displayed. This task is characterized by the features of the claim 54 solved. In this embodiment according to the invention, an up and down is movable Probe element provided that when in contact with the maximum filling of the Collection container triggers security measures with which to display or prevent can be that the collection container is overfilled and particles in the interior of an outer housing, from which the particles also open when opening Environment. This is also particularly the case with particles environmentally harmful, e.g. B. undesirable materials. Therefore is suitable this filter device is also very good for medical and dental in particular Laboratories.

In further subclaims, features are included that are used to solve the problem contribute, result in advantageous detailed constructions that fluidic and with a view to easy assembly and disassembly as well Advantageously have the handling integrated into a device or housing are simple design and can be produced inexpensively. It will also achieved a compact design, especially in the form of a column, so that for a filter device according to the invention requires little space.

The invention and further advantages achievable by it are described below a drawing and preferred embodiments explained in more detail. It shows  

Figure 1 shows a filter device according to the invention with a preferably integrated suction device and a cleaning device for a wrinkled or wave-shaped filter for one or more machining jobs in front view, partially cut vertically.

Figure 2 shows the filter device in a lateral vertical section.

Figure 3 shows a cleaning device in a modified configuration for a round, rotatably mounted filter.

Fig. 4 shows an inventive filter apparatus, preferably with integrated suction device with a cleaning device according to Figure 3 for one or more jobs of machining processing in lateral vertical section.

FIG. 5 is one of the 4 corresponding vertical side sectional view of an inventive filter apparatus having a further modified cleaning device for a wave-like or fold-shaped and rotatably mounted, in particular round filter.

Figure 6 shows an inventive filter apparatus, preferably with integrated suction device in a further modified embodiment in front view and in vertical section.

Fig. 7 is a Suction-line attachment of the filter device of the invention for two jobs;

Fig. 8 is the filter portion of a further modified filter device according to the invention in vertical section as seen from the front;

Fig. 9 the filter portion of a further modified filter device according to the invention in vertical section as seen from the front;

10 shows a filter device according to the invention in a further modified embodiment with preferably integrated suction means, and a cleaning device for a fold-shaped or wave-shaped filter for one or more jobs of machining processing in lateral vertical section.

FIG. 11 shows the filter device according to FIG. 10 in a front view, partly in vertical section;

FIG. 12 shows a simplified partial view in the direction of arrow X in FIG. 10;

Fig. 13 shows the basic structure of a dust extractor according to the invention with a central suction device, whose suction power is controllable;

Fig. 14 shows an embodiment of the suction device shown in Fig. 13 and

FIG. 15A to 15C is a flow chart for controlling the suction performance of the suction device illustrated in FIGS. 13 and 14.

The filter device 1 is integrated with its associated devices in a cuboid housing 2 , which is relatively narrow and tall and is therefore columnar. Seen in the front view, its width b is approximately 22.5 to 30 cm, its rearward depth t is approximately 60 cm and its height h approximately 75 to 90 cm. This size not only makes it possible to set up the filter device 1 in a space-saving manner, but it is also suitable for assigning dental workplaces, in particular work tables, as an add-on or stand-alone device. The filter device 1 is adjustable in height, preferably by means of vertically screwed and locked in the housing bottom z. B. feet formed by screws 2 a, possibly with rollers.

The housing 2 delimits three superposed main departments, namely a lower main department 3 , in which a suction device in the form of one or more air pumps or fans 5 , 5 a, each driven by a motor 4 , a central main department 6 , in which the actual filter device 7 are arranged in the upper area of the main department 6 and below a filtering material collecting container 8 , and an upper main department 9 for other facilities, which in the present embodiment is divided into two superposed individual departments that are used to hold an electronic control device 13 and a compartment 14 for tools, e.g. B. an air nozzle or accessories, e.g. B. is in the form of a drawer. Manually operated control elements and display elements are arranged on the front part in the area of the control device 13 .

The aforementioned main departments 3 , 6 and 9 essentially extend from the front wall 15 to the rear wall 16 and from one to the other side wall 17 , 18 , the central main department 6 on the front having a main opening 19 which essentially comprises the associated entire front side part, which can be sealed by a door 21 by means of an opening edge seal and is therefore accessible from the front. In a comparable manner, the lower main section 3 can also be accessed from the front. In the present embodiment, the lower main section 3 is accessible from above through the central main section 6 . For this purpose, a bottom part 22 of the central main department 6 is detachable and can be removed upwards and forwards. After the bottom part 22 has been removed, the lower main section 3 is thus accessible from above through the main opening 19 . The upper main section 9 is accessible from the front, the electronic control device 13 being able to be pulled out to the front in the form of several individual parts or as a block, here in the drawer, and is therefore accessible from the front.

The filter device 7 has a arranged in the housing 2 - apart from the required access and outlet openings - closed filter device housing 23 , which is divided by a horizontal parting line 24 into an upper part 25 and a lower part 26 , the lower part 26 by the pot-shaped collecting container 8 is formed, which has a rectangular container opening 27 above, which is arranged below the filter 28 of the filter device 7 . The filter device 7 has a holding device 29 for the flat or horizontal filter 28 . Between the upper part 25 and the collecting container 8 , an annular seal 24 a is arranged, which is preferably attached to one of these parts, in particular glued, and is therefore captive.

The division joint 24 is located at a downward distance from the underside of the filter 28 . The upper part 25 of the filter device housing 23 is formed with essentially vertical side walls 35 , a front wall 36 and a rear wall 37 which is offset in relation to the rear wall 16 of the housing in the form of a box with an opening 38 on the underside which can be optionally closed by a closure element to be described. In the upper housing part 25 , one or more, preferably two or three, positions arranged one above the other are provided for three filters arranged one above the other in the present embodiment, here a lower main filter 28 a, a middle activated carbon filter 28 b and an upper safety filter 28 c. The filter or filters each form flat, in particular cuboid filter units which are accessible from the front through a front opening 39 in the housing upper part 25 and can be installed and removed. The front opening 39 in the front wall 36 can be closed tightly by a door 41 or the like. In the present embodiment, a folding door 41 is provided which is pivotably mounted in the lower region of the upper housing part 25 in a joint 42 with a horizontal joint axis, preferably a plug-in joint, and its vertical closed position by means of a locking device which is effective between its upper region and the upper housing part 25 Latching edge 43 and a latching lug 44 that can be latched behind this elastically. The front opening 39 is located behind the main door 21 .

To mount the filter units, 25 support strips 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 are arranged on the inside on the side walls 35 in the upper part housing, on which the filter units can each be pushed with a horizontal filter support frame 28 d, 28 e, 28 f. To simplify the sealing, two superimposed support strips are provided for each filter unit, between which the associated filter unit can be inserted and sealed by means of sealing elements such as sealing strips or sealing lips 52 arranged all around on the associated filter supporting frame. For such an all-round seal, the support strips are also at least partially arranged on the front wall 36 and the rear wall 37 .

The filter units of the main filter 28 a and the safety filter 28 c are preferably of identical design, ie the filter support frames 28 d and 28 f and the associated filter receiving spaces 40 a, 40 c are identical, so that only one type of filter is required for the main filter and the safety filter . As can be seen from FIG. 2, the door 41 for sealing the filter receiving spaces 40 also interacts with the associated transverse sections of the support strips 46 and 48 , wherein sealing strips or lips are preferably also provided in between.

The filter support frames 28 d, 28 f are designed in cross section in the sense of an upside down L, the horizontal, outwardly projecting frame legs 28 g with a circumferential auxiliary frame 53 arranged underneath being inserted between the associated support strips 45 to 48 . Preferably, the mutually facing surfaces of the pairs of support strips 45 and 46 , 47 and 48 and the support frame 53 are designed to be slightly convergent towards the rear, so that when the associated filter unit is inserted, an automatic sealing takes place due to the clamping action. Instead of or in addition to such a clamping effect, spring elements can also be provided, which preferably press the filter unit downward against the associated support bar. Such a seal is provided for the activated carbon filter 28 b in the present embodiment. Curved leaf springs 54 are preferably arranged as spring elements, which press on both sides from above onto the associated filter support frame 28 e and can be fastened to the adjacent support bar 47 . For the purpose of simple and inexpensive production, it is advantageous to design the upper housing part 25 as a plastic injection-molded part and to form the support strips 45 to 48 in one piece.

The main filter 28 a is associated with a mechanical-cleaning device 55 (not shown) manually by a driver H or by an electric motor selectively to certain times or at regular time intervals is arbitrarily or automatically driven. The main filter 28 a is a pleated filter, the pleats F being located at least on the underside of the main filter and extending transversely or preferably parallel to the front and operating side of the filter device 1 . A pleated filter is advantageous for several reasons. On the one hand it has a large filter area, on the other hand it can be cleaned and reused by causing the folds F to move in an abrupt manner, with adhering filter particles falling off and falling directly into the collecting container 8 in the present embodiment. The cleaning device 55 is set up in such a way that it is able to set the folds F into an impact movement. This can e.g. B. done in that the cleaning device is able to shake the filter as a whole or at least the folds F. In the present embodiment, the cleaning device 55 has at least one preferably approximately finger-shaped abutment element 56 , which can be moved back and forth across the folds F along the fold tips thereof in a guide 57 over a partial area or over the entire area of the folds F such that it is able to strike the folds F and to set them in abrupt movement. The abutment element 56 is immersed slightly between the folds F, the folds F evading due to their flexibility when abutting. In the present embodiment, the abutment element 56 is arranged on the underside of the main filter 28 a, ie on the impure side. However, it is also possible to arrange the abutment element 56 on another side of the filter, in particular on its clean side, here on the upper side, where it is protected against contamination by the particles to be filtered.

The guide 57 is arranged on the side walls 35 of the upper housing part 25 , and it has two horizontal guide strips 57 a fastened thereon, on which a slide 58 carrying the abutment element 56 is displaceably guided. By means of a rod 59 projecting forward from the slider 58 and sealingly penetrating the front wall 36 of the upper housing part 25 in a hole, the slider 58 can be gripped manually from the front on an end-engaging element 59 a and moved back and forth. The slide 58 preferably consists of a narrow arm 58 a extending transversely to the guide strips 57 a, so that it opposes the air to be filtered with as little resistance as possible. Preferably, several, here two, abutment elements 56 are arranged at a distance from one another in the direction of movement, as a result of which the required movement stroke for the abutment elements 56 can be reduced. If two abutment elements 56 are arranged at a distance from one another which corresponds approximately to half the associated dimension of the filter, the required stroke can be reduced to half. In the inserted position, an abutment element 56 is arranged at the rear end of the filter, while the second abutment element 56 is arranged in the central region thereof. After a stroke corresponding to half the dimension has been carried out, the filter is swept over its entire dimension and the folds F are set into abrupt movement. From the two guide arms 58 a, the preferably rounded abutment elements 56 protrude upward in a finger shape. In order to avoid damage to the folds F, the abutment element or elements 56 are coated with a soft or soft-elastic material or glued with a corresponding strip. The folds F in the contact area can also be provided with a reinforcement, e.g. B. a glued-on reinforcement strip. The abutment elements 56 are preferably formed by plates which extend parallel to the folds, so that the surface pressure is reduced.

The rod 59 protruding from the upper housing part 25 under the door 41 is dimensioned with its engagement element 59 a so long that it is covered by the main door 21 in its inserted position.

The upper housing part 25 is fastened with a flange 61, preferably directed inwards, on a support ring 62 which is fastened to the housing 2 and has a free internal cross section corresponding to the opening 38 . The above-mentioned closure element for the opening 38 is a slide 63 which is accessible from the front and which is arranged in grooves 64 of the upper housing part 25 , here in a collar 65 drawn downward in the support ring 62 . With the slider 63 , the upper housing part 25 can be locked down, so that, for. B. when changing the collecting container 8 no filter material can escape downwards. The cleaning device 55 is arranged in the existing vertical distance between the main filter 28 a and the flange 61 or the slide 63 . The inserted position of the slide 63 is designated 63 a. The slider 63 preferably has an upstanding leg 63.1 at its operating end .

The pot-shaped collecting container 8 has a substantially flat bottom wall 68 of rectangular shape and four circumferential walls extending upwards from it, namely two opposite side walls 69 and a front wall 71 and a rear wall 72 , so that the rectangular container opening 27 results from the peripheral walls is limited and the shape and size of the underside opening 38 of the upper part 25 corresponds. The upper edge region of the collecting container 8 is provided by a collar 70 projecting outwards with a collar leg protruding laterally and a collar leg extending upwards therefrom, which delimit an outer channel 76 which is open at the top. Both the inner edge 77 formed by the peripheral walls and the outer edge 78 lie close to the flat ring seal 24 a, which is attached to the support ring 62 . The height of the collecting container 8 is dimensioned somewhat less than the vertical distance between the base part 22 and the support ring 62 . The collecting container 8 can thus be easily inserted and pulled out from the front into the central main department 6 . A closing device 81 , which engages under the collecting container 8 and presses upwards against the supporting ring 62 and secures it in this position, is used for tightly closing the collecting container 8 on the underside of the supporting ring 62 . Preferably, the collecting container 8 arranged in mirror image closing devices 81 are on both sides with such pressure parts. B. provided in the form of transversely arranged pressure pins 82 which are attached to a lever arm 83 pivotally mounted on bearing pins 80 , from below the collar 70 reach under the approximately middle position and by pivoting these pressure pins 82 by simultaneously rotating the lever arms arranged on both sides 82 Lift the collection container 8 and press it against the ring seal 24 a. In the rotational end position of the lever arms 83 , the pressure pins 82 are located directly above the associated bearing pin 80 or preferably slightly behind the top dead center, thereby preventing the locking device 81 from being released automatically. For the simultaneous rotation of the lever arms 83 , a U-shaped hand bracket 85 is used , which engages around the collecting container 8 from the front in a U-shape. In the upwardly pivoted open position of the hand strap 85 , its front strap web 86 is located above the collecting container 8 , so that it does not stand in the way of its insertion and removal. The axes of rotation 84 can be fastened to the side walls 17 , 18 of the housing 2 or to the upper housing part 25 .

The hand bracket 85 is preferably arranged and dimensioned such that its free bracket end in the closed position (shown pivoted up in FIG. 2) is immediately behind the inner surface of the door 21 and at a smaller vertical distance from the bearing pin 80 than in its release position (below ). With such an arrangement, the door 21 can only be closed when the hand bracket 85 is in its closed position. If the closure is incorrect, the hand bracket 85 is below its closed position, and because of its arc movement it projects into the range of movement of the door 21 so that it cannot be closed. This creates a mechanical safety device that clearly indicates to the operator that the collection container 8 is not tightly connected. This is particularly important in the filtering of substances which are hazardous to health, as are also used in dental technology, in order to prevent these substances from reaching the working area surrounding the filter device 1 .

In order to reduce the surface pressure between the pressure pins 82 and the collar 70 , it is advantageous in the area of the pressure pins 82 on the underside of the collar 70 to have a strip 91 made of hard material, such as, for example, B. steel, or to firmly insert into a groove against which the associated pressure pin 82 presses.

In particular when filtering environmentally harmful and hazardous substances, the arrangement of the closure element for the opening 38 is advantageous in order to prevent dust from falling from the filter 28 or from the housing upper part 25 into the housing of the main department 6 or onto the base part 22 when the collecting container 8 is removed .

The slider 63 is stripped off when the collar 65 is pulled out, the dust falling into the collecting container 8 underneath.

Before the lowering of the collecting container 8, the slide 63 can be removed from a parking position 63 b, in which it is inserted under the collecting container 8 , otherwise the lowering mechanism does not work, since the hand bracket 85 abuts the slide 63 , in the path of movement of which the slide 63 protrudes in its parking or parking position.

The lifting height of the connection or coupling device is dimensioned somewhat larger than the thickness of the slide 63 . In the closed position of the slide 63 , the front end (leg 63.1 ) is near or directly behind the door 21 . This preferably also applies to the parking position. If the door 21 does not close, it is a sign that the correct or tight connection of the collecting container is not guaranteed. By means of an electrical switch between the door 21 and the housing 2 , this can be illustrated acoustically or by a warning lamp in response to a switching signal by a buzzer, or it can also be switched on by switching the filter device 1 or the valve actuators 5 , 5 a prevent or switch off the associated dust-generating machine. Such a switch can also be effective between the housing 2 or attachments and the slide 63 in its closed position.

These are very advantageous safety measures to remind the operator to push the slide 63 into its closed position to avoid the unintentional escape of dusts that are particularly hazardous to health.

In addition, it is advantageous to arrange a bag 92, in particular made of plastic film, in the collecting container 8 , which is preferably dimensioned so deep that its free edges for disposal, e.g. B. can be closed by knotting. The bag 92 is sealed at the edge of the collecting container 8 , so that as far as possible no filter material gets behind the bag 92 or into the interior of the housing 2 . In the present embodiment, the protruding edge 93 of the bag 92 inserted into the collecting container 8 is carded over the inner edge 77 and, if necessary, inserted folded into the outer groove 76 . As a result, the edge 93 is clamped between the inner edge 77 and the ring seal 24 a. The actual sealing function to the outside is ensured by the collar 70 , which presses against the ring seal 24 a from below. Provided in the inner edge 77 are a plurality of holes or recesses 94 distributed around the circumference, the function of which will be explained further below.

The filter device housing 23 is connected to a preferably flexible supply line 95 , in particular a hose line, for air to be filtered, which the rear wall 16 of the device housing 2 in a passage, z. B. in the form of a connecting piece, and is connected to a line connection in the rear wall 37 of the upper part 26 and opens between the main filter 28 a and the collecting container 8 in the latter, preferably in an inclined downward position.

Another preferably flexible pipe or hose section 96 extends from a rear connection piece 97 arranged in the upper region of the upper housing part 25 to the lower main section 3 and to the fan 5 or 5 a. In the present embodiment, in particular if a plurality of fans 5 , 5 a are provided, a flat, container-shaped suction line molded part 98 is provided, which can extend approximately over the entire width of the housing 2 and approximately over its entire depth and preferably forms the base part 22 , whereby it can rest and be fastened on a support flange 99 fastened on the inside of the housing 2 . The top wall 98 a of the molded suction line part forms an approximately flat or flat standing surface for the collecting container 8 . In the bottom wall 98 b there are connection openings 101 , 101 a for one or more fans 5 , 5 a, in the present embodiment two pieces one behind the other, the fans 5 , 5 a being connected directly from below to the connection openings 101 , 101 a. The rear wall area 16 a in the lower main section 3 is designed as an outlet 102 for the filtered air, which is blown out by the fan or fans into the lower main section 3 . For an outlet of the filtered air not into the room receiving the filter device, but into the outside, a pipe or hose connection (not shown) can be provided in the rear wall area 16 a, to which a pipe or hose line 102 a leading to the outside is to be connected. In the present, provided for venting inner configuration of outlet openings are provided in the rear wall portion 16 a a plurality, through the outlet, the filtered air into the environment.

If the filtered air is discharged outside, the activated carbon filter 28 b and / or the safety filter 28 c, which is provided in particular for plastic work, may possibly be omitted.

The fan or fans 5 , 5 a can be of the same, different, or in stages or continuously variable power. This makes it possible to adapt to the required suction air volume, whereby overcapacity and thereby loss of energy and avoidable noise pollution can be prevented.

The function of the filter device 1 is described in principle below.

Before a filtering process, the collecting container 8 must be connected tightly to the support ring 62 or upper part 26 . The fan 5 can then be switched on, whereby the filtering process begins. Due to the air flow, the fan 5 draws the air to be filtered into the interior of the filter device housing 23 , which represents a calming space 104 due to its increased volume compared to the supply line 95 . The last end region of the feed line 95 is directed obliquely downwards, preferably into the middle of the collecting container 8 . When entering the calming chamber 104 , the flow calms down, with coarse filter material falling directly into the collecting container 8 or into the bag 92 . Lighter filter material is directed with the air flow up to the main filter 28 a, which, including the safety filter 28 c, flows through the air flow on the entire lateral surface from bottom to top and then flows on to the fan 5 . The flow path is illustrated by arrows and the reference number 50 . The air can then be discharged into the space surrounding the filter device 1 or carried on in a pipe or hose line (not shown) and discharged to the outside atmosphere. When flowing through the main filter 28 a from the bottom up, the filter material accumulates on its underside, the permeability of the filter 28 a decreases over time and the negative pressure in the area between the fan 5 and the filter 28 a increases.

The fan 5 or electric motor 4 is preferably regulated or controlled in stages in such a way that the amount of air conveyed always corresponds to a predetermined, optimal value. B., a flow meter can be controlled by means of a control device. This not only prevents excessive air delivery or consumption, but in the case in which the air to be filtered is extracted from a dental work station, on the one hand prevents an unpleasant draft from occurring on the hands of the user or on the other hand little air is extracted.

The bag 92 is exposed to the pressure differences when the fan 5 is switched on and off and also due to different degrees of contamination of the filter 28 , which lead to corresponding movements of the bag wall, as a result of which it is considerably stressed and can tire and break. This problem is particularly important when filtering environmentally hazardous substances. In order to avoid these stresses on the bag 92 , at least one bypass leading to the outside of the bag is provided, which leads to a pressure equalization inside and outside the bag 92 , as a result of which the aforementioned loads on the bag 92 are avoided. In the present embodiment, such bypasses are formed by the holes or recesses 94 through which the prevailing pressure can propagate into the outer groove 76 and from there to the back of the bag 92 . The sealing of the filter space is maintained by the outer edge 78 .

If the filter 28 a clogs up in the course of the operating time and is to be cleaned, which can be done e.g. B. noticeable by an increase in pressure in the area between the filter 28 and the fan 5 , the fan 5 , 5 a are switched off and then the cleaning device 55 is actuated from the outside, the falling particles falling into the collecting container 8 .

There are various possibilities for determining the times at which the filter 28 a is to be cleaned or possibly replaced. If a vacuum sensor 105 is provided in the flow line between the filter or filters and the fan 5 , 5 a, which is connected by signal lines with the existing control or z. B. control device is connected, the filter 28 a can be automatically cleaned if necessary after display (optical, acoustic) if a certain negative pressure is exceeded.

Alternatively, a differential pressure measuring device or a differential pressure switch can be used, which measures the negative pressure difference before and after the filter 28 . For this purpose, a pressure sensor 106a in the upper housing part 25 and a negative pressure sensor 106 b in the flow line between the filter 28 and fan 5 is provided to be.

Instead of a vacuum monitoring, the air volume conveyed can also be monitored or measured in order to determine and initiate cleaning of the filter 28 a.

A device for monitoring or measuring the fill level is assigned to the collecting container 8 . This can be a sight glass or an electrically functioning device. In the present embodiment, a possibly capacitively effective level meter 107 is fastened to the inside of the housing 2 by means of a holder, which is connected to the electronic control device 13 by a signal line (not shown) and emits a warning signal or preferably switches off the fan or fans and thus the filter device.

In the context of the invention it is possible and advantageous to use a so-called jacket filter, through which the air to be filtered flows through from the outside in, so that the filter particles attach to the outer jacket surface thereof. A filter of such a modified configuration is shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, FIG. 4 showing a hollow cylindrical filter in a position installed in the filter device. A main and safety filter can also be provided in the case of a jacket-shaped or, in particular, hollow cylindrical filter 108 , the safety filter being arranged behind the main filter. If an activated carbon filter is also required, this can be arranged behind the main filter or between the latter and the safety filter or behind the latter. According to FIG. 4, a main filter 108 a, an activated carbon filter 108 b and a safety filter 108 c coaxial with each other and to a supporting tube 111 with radial holes 112 between two flange discs 113 a, 113 b with step surfaces 114 mounted. The support for the filters formed by the flange disks 113 is rotatably mounted about an axis of rotation 115 which preferably runs coaxially with the support tube 111 , a manual rotary drive or an electric rotary drive with a motor 116 being able to be provided as the drive. In the present embodiment, the support tube 111 , which preferably extends centrally and from the front to the rear, is rigidly fastened to the rear wall 37 of the upper housing part 25 . The motor 116 is attached to the front end of the support tube 111 . The rear flange disk 113 a is mounted on the support tube 111 by means of a rotary bearing 118 , while the front flange disk 113 b can sit non-rotatably on the drive shaft 119 of the motor 116 . The support tube arrangement described so far can project freely horizontally or it can be supported radially at its front end in an additional support bearing 121 , which in the present embodiment is effective between the drive shaft 119 and the flap door 41 , which has a bearing part 122 on its inside for this purpose for the drive shaft 119 .

For a change of the filter, the front flange disk 113 b is arranged on the drive shaft 119 so that it can be removed from the front, so that the filter or filters can be replaced after it has been removed.

In this embodiment, the air to be filtered flows from the outside in through the filter into the support tube 111 and through its rear end through the connected pipe or hose line 96 to the fan or fans 5 , 5 a.

The cleaning device designated here with 55 a has an immovable abutment element 56 , which is preferably arranged in the center under the main filter 108 a on a cross member 123 and extends upwards into the area of the folds F which preferably extend parallel to the axis of rotation 115 . The cross member 123 can be attached to the side walls 35 .

In contrast to the first embodiment is such in this cleaning device 55 a of the filter to be cleaned and the filter unit. B. rotated by the motor 116 , the folds F being set in vibration by abutting the abutment element 56 .

As in the first exemplary embodiment, it is also possible in this exemplary embodiment to arrange the cleaning device 55 or 55 a above the associated filter 28 a or 108 a. In the embodiment of Fig. 1 and 2 would be in the clean air room in which the cleaning device 55 is protected from dirt. In the embodiment of FIGS. 3 and 4, the cleaning device 55 a both above the filter or main filter 108 or a filter unit may be arranged and inside the shell-shaped main filter 108 in a clean air room. In all of the aforementioned cases, the vibrations and impact movement generated on the folds F are transmitted to the underside of the respective filter, so that the detached filter particles can fall off the underside. In this regard, in a cleaning device 55 a with a rotatable filter, there is also the advantage that the filter particles detached from the top of the filter by direct vibration effect reach the underside of the filter when it rotates, where they can fall due to gravity.

The configuration of the filter device 1 or the cleaning device for the filter 28 or 28 a according to FIG. 5, in which the same or comparable parts are provided with the same reference numerals, is a manual drive H for the relative movement between the filter 28 and the cleaning device 55 a provided that corresponds to the cleaning device 55 a according to FIGS. 3 and 4. In the present embodiment, the manual drive H is connected to the rotatably mounted filter 28 or 28 a or its carrier, and it has a crank mechanism with a hand crank K with a drive shaft K1, which the housing of the filter device, here the housing 2 and the Filter device housing 23 , penetrated in a sealed passage and is accessible from the outside. In the present embodiment, the drive shaft is K1, the axial rotation of the crank K, coupled to the filter 28 or 28 is detachably connected from the outside through a through hole H1 by a plug connection H2 a supporting carrier.

In the present embodiment, the manual drive H is accessible from the front, especially after the door 21 is open. For this purpose, in the present embodiment the through hole H1 is arranged coaxially to the rotational axis 115 of the carrier of the filter 108 and 108, a formed here by a hollow cylindrical sheath filter, and it passes through the door 41 of the inner filter device housing 23rd To connect the crank handle K, a non-circular, in particular square, plug hole is provided coaxially on the front of the front flange disk 113 b, into which the crank handle K can be detachably inserted with a correspondingly shaped, here square pin.

In this embodiment, the motor 116 according to FIG. 4 ceases to exist. The front flange plate 113 a is freely rotatable in the filter device 1 , here on the support tube 111 and / or on the door 41 of the filter device housing 23 . The bush-shaped bearing part 122 on the inside of the door 41 , on which the associated bearing of the filter carrier is rotatably mounted, can be used for storage. The seal of the through hole H1 to the filter device housing 23 can be formed between the door 41 and the crank handle K or between the latter and the filter carrier, as is the case according to FIG. 5. After a cleaning process, the crank handle K can be removed and placed in a suitable location, e.g. B. be deposited in the lower region of the housing 2 .

Are provided in the embodiment of Fig. 6, in which identical or comparable parts are also the same reference numerals, and in a filter device 1 having a shell filter 108 of FIG. 3 or 4 is integrated, is arranged between the filter 108 and the collection container 8 a cover device B is provided which is at least temporarily permeable, in particular during the cleaning process, so that filter material from the filter 108 can fall through the cover device B into the collecting container 8 . The covering device is designed in such a way that during the filtering process, suction or whirling up of filter material already in the collecting container is prevented.

Due to the gas or air flow present during the filtering process, if there is no cover device, it can be expected that the air flow will suck up filter material already deposited in the collecting container 8 , so that the filter material will be filtered again. As a result, the filter device 7 is unnecessarily loaded and it is also necessary to clean the filter 108 or 108 a more often. In contrast, the covering device B forms a barrier against the suction air flow, below which there is a calming zone in which the suction air flow is unable to suck up the filter material already in the collecting container 8 .

The cover device B need not be sealed for the aforementioned purpose. It is sufficient if it is formed by one or more cover parts or one or more parts guiding or stopping the suction air flow, under which the space above the collecting container 8 or the upper region of the collecting container 8 is calmed against a strong flow.

When the cover B from top to bottom is permeable for the filtered material, it is ensured that coarse particles can fall upon entry of the suction air in the filter housing into the collection container 8 already and fine parts can fall into the tank 8 to clean the filters in the manner described above. This can e.g. B. through openings or gaps in the cover device B.

It is furthermore advantageous to design the cover device B in such a way that it can separate or seal the space between the filter 108 and the collecting container 8 or the opening therebetween, it being adjustable between this closed position and an open position. In the first case, not only is filter material already in the collecting container 8 prevented from being sucked up during filter operation, but the sealing container 8 can also be replaced due to the seal without filter material falling, here in the housing 2 . In the second case, ie in the open position, which can be present during the filtering process or only temporarily, in particular when cleaning the filter, the filter material can automatically fall into the collecting container 8 due to gravity.

Referring to FIG. 6, the cover B consists of two cover flaps B1, which are pivotable below the filter 108 arranged side by side and with rotary shafts B2 about horizontal axes of rotation B3 between the top to downward passage selectively opening and closing position. The axes of rotation B3 can extend at right angles or parallel to the operating side. In the present embodiment, the cover flaps B1 are pivotally mounted on their outer edges with the rotary shaft B2 in such a way that the associated outer edge B4 in the swiveled closed position cooperates closely either directly with the associated side wall 35 of the filter housing 23 or with strip-shaped bearing parts B5 fastened to it. In the swiveled closed position, the cover flaps B1 can lie against one another with their inner edges B6, or they can also rest against an approximately central bar or rod B7, whereby the seal is ensured, the rod B7 also forming a stop limiting the swivel-up movement. In the present embodiment, the rod B7 is at the same time the carrier of the abutment element 56 , the rod being able to extend from the rear wall B8 to the front wall of the filter device housing 23 and being able to be fastened thereon. The cover flaps B1 extend in the longitudinal direction of the axes of rotation B3 from the rear wall 37 to the front wall or door 41 , so that in the closed position this results in a separation or sealing of the flow space above it, designated B9 in FIG. 6, and the drop space located underneath is given for the filter material. In the open position pivoted downwards, the cover flaps B1 are in the position indicated in FIG. 6. It is advantageous to assign a return spring to the cover flaps B1, here in each case a tension spring B10, which prestresses the associated cover flap in its closed position. The tension springs B10 shown are attached at their upper free ends to a part fixed to the housing. Due to the spring preload, actuation of the cover flaps B1 is only necessary for opening, since the closing takes place automatically.

A motorized drive or a manual drive can be used to selectively open and possibly also close the cover flaps B1. It is advantageous to open the cover flaps B1 at the same time as the filter 108 is being cleaned, so that the cleaned filter material can fall through into the collecting container 8 . An actuator, not shown, for the cover flaps B1, z. B. consist in that the bearing axes B2 at one end, for. B. extended to the rear or to the front, grasp the associated housing wall in a through hole and at this relevant end of the bearing shaft B2 either an engagement element for a rotary lever or connected to a drive motor. It is also conceivable to arrange the drive motor within the filter housing 23 and to connect it to the bearing shafts B2 in terms of drive.

In the present embodiment, there is a drive connection between the cover flaps B1 and the manual drive H, so that the latter can be used to actuate the cover flaps B1. This is achieved by a drive connection B11 between the carrier of the rotatable filter 108 and the adjustable cover device B, here the bearing shafts B2 or cover flaps B1. The drive connection B11 113 may preferably b between the driven flange and the cover device B may be provided. In the present embodiment, a cam drive is provided with one or two drive cams B12 on the rotatable filter carrier, here z. B. on the front flange 113 b, which cooperate directly with the cover flaps B1 or with counter cams B13 arranged on them during the rotation of the filter 108 and thereby open the cover flaps B1, a brief opening being sufficient for the cover flaps B1 lying filter material can slip into the collecting container 8 . It is also possible to provide a longer open position for the cover flaps B1 while the filter 108 is rotating. For this purpose, the drive cam (s) B12 only need to be extended in the circumferential direction of the filter 108 , since the length of the open position is determined by the length of the drive cam (s) B12.

It is also possible within the scope of the invention to use the closure element for the opening 38 of the filter housing 23 or the collecting container 8 as the covering device B in the embodiment according to FIGS. 2 and 4 and formed by a slide 63 . For this purpose, the slider 63 is left in its position closing the opening 38 during the filter operation, so that the suction air flow cannot suck up any filter material from the collecting container 8 and coarse particles contained in the air to be filtered can be deposited on the slider 63 . When cleaning the filter 28 with the cleaning device 55 , the slide 63 can remain in a closed position or it is pushed into its open position beforehand. The filter material deposited thereon is stripped off into the collecting container 8 while the slide 63 is being pushed on. If the slide 63 is opened before cleaning, the cleaned filter material falls directly into the collecting container 8 . The cover flaps B1 optionally with their bearing shafts B2 and the slide 63 can be made of metal, for. B. consist of steel or plastic.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 6, the housing 2 is not shown or it may also be omitted. The collecting container 8 can be attached to an inner flange 61 a of the filter housing 23 , for. B. can be tensioned by means of a clamping device or held a holder.

The filter device 1 according to the invention can be used to filter the working air of one or more workplaces. It is possible, through the arrangement of one or more fans 5 , 5 a continuously or in stages adjustable throughput or different throughput to achieve an adaptation to the respective air consumption of the workplace used, so that a performance adjustment of the filter device 1 to the required air consumption volume on the respective Workplace and thus unnecessary power consumption is avoided and relatively low noise levels of the fan or fans 5 , 5 a can be maintained.

Fig. 7 shows a schematic representation of the connection of the filter device 1 to two workstations A1 and A2, each of which a suction line branch 95 a, 95 b are connected to the common suction line 95 , with a valve 125 in each suction line branch 95 a, 95 b optional opening or closing of the suction line branch is arranged (external suction switching or suction switching).

The workplaces can be so-called technical workplaces, each with a suction point or suction hood, to which the associated suction line branch is connected, and / or a so-called functional device, such as, for. B. a cutting machine, such as a high-speed grinder or a blasting machine, each with an associated suction device. The valves 125 are preferably electrically controllable valves, which are used in particular when starting up the associated work station, for. B. Activation of the associated suction device or the processing device can be controlled at an associated switch (not shown). For this purpose, the device is assigned an electrical connection 126 with associated plug contacts and control contacts for the valves 125 , from each of which a control and / or supply line 127 and a control line 128 lead to the associated work station A1, A2 or valve 125 .

As a suction device z. B. a fan 5 may be provided, which is preferably gradually variable in its throughput volume, in particular between 20 and 30 l / sec switchable. Instead of a switchable or variable fan 5 , two fans 5 , 5 a of different output sizes can also be provided, for. B. with throughput funding of the two aforementioned sizes. In such configurations, it is possible to operate the workplaces A1 and A2 with an air throughput of 20 or 30 l / sec each time the other suction line branch is closed. If both suction line branches 95 a, 95 b are open, both workstations A1, A2 can be operated with the corresponding total of the available throughput volumes. This embodiment is preferably suitable for a technical work station as work station A1 and a processing device as work station A2, the latter being an additional processing device that can be placed on the technical work station, e.g. B. can act as a high-speed grinder, whereby an advantageous technology workplace suction is specified.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 8, in which the same or comparable parts are provided with the same reference numerals, a filter device 1 a is provided for four workstations A1 to A4, two feed or suction lines 95 A, 95 B being provided open into the upper part of the housing designated here with 25 a above the collecting container designated with 8 a. Each suction line 95 A, 95 B is connected to two workstations, A1, A2 and A3, A4, according to the configuration according to FIG. 7 by means of a suction line 95 and suction line branches 95 a, 95 b, e.g. B. connected to a technical workstation and a separate processing device or a processing device assigned as a table device. In this embodiment, a fan 5 or two fans 5 , 5 a of the same, different or preferably adjustable throughput volume output can be provided, the latter of which is shown offset only for reasons of security.

A further difference from the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2 is that a larger collecting container 8 a is provided, which is preferably achieved by widening the filter device 1 . The filter material that accumulates in accordance with the majority of the workplaces can thus be taken up. The collecting container 8 a is preferably provided twice as wide as in the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 to 4, with an approximately double width b1 for the filter device. The filter device with the filter 28 a, 28 b, 28 c can be provided in the form and size of the configurations according to FIGS. 1 to 4. As clearly shown in FIG. 8, the filter device is arranged in the center, the suction lines 95 A, 95 B being arranged on both sides of the vertical central plane, preferably on both sides of the filter unit. Depending on the use of workstations A1 to A4, one or more, in the present embodiment up to four fans 5 , 5 a, 5 b, 5 c can be provided on both sides, which can be of the same, different or preferably adjustable throughput capacity . In most applications, one or two fans 5 , 5 a are sufficient, the latter of which is indicated in FIG. 8.

In all the configurations described above, the filters are prefabricated, replaceable Filter cartridges.

Depending on the arrangement of the fans 5 , 5 a, one or two suction line components 98 in the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 to 4 can be arranged under the right and / or left side half of the collecting container 8 a, with a suction line component 98 on the free side to support it can be provided that is not connected to the suction device or, if more than two fans 5 , 5 a are provided, can be connected to the suction line, possibly by means of a suction line branch.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 9, in which the same or comparable parts are also provided with the same reference numerals, four workstations A1 to A4 are also provided, four technical workstations or two technical workstations as workplaces A1 and A3 and two assigned or separate processing devices as processing stations A2 and A4 . In this embodiment, however, two filter devices standing side by side are integrated in a widened housing 2 , namely on both sides of the vertical central plane 130 , a filter device as described above being structurally or functionally separate from each other and including an associated collecting container or a common, common one Collection container 8 d is provided, which can correspond to the collection container 8 a of the embodiment according to FIG. 8 or additionally can have a partition wall 8 c for separating two receiving spaces from one another. In the upper region of the dividing wall, a groove 76 a designed in the sense of an outer groove is preferably provided, into which the edges of two associated bags 93 can be inserted. An associated cleaning device 55 is provided under each filter unit. In this embodiment, the integrated filter devices function independently of one another, with one or two fans 5 a to 5 d having the same, different or preferably adjustable throughput capacity provided on each side, which are connected to an associated suction line component 98 . In this filter device 1 b, the partition 8 c can optionally also be arranged with a central channel 76 a to be retrofitted.

The above-described embodiments show that with the same or slightly modified components, namely Fil 38363 00070 552 001000280000000200012000285913825200040 0002019514068 00004 38244ter devices, cleaning devices, collecting containers, fans, valves 125 and associated suction line connections for different constructions with different designs and different designs are created, with different designs and different designs Number and arrangement can be used.

As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, a housing 2 a, which is particularly widespread, offers variation options for several drawers in its upper region, the width of which in each case corresponds only to approximately half the width b 1 of housing 2 a.

The function of a valve 125 is problematic because the filter particles flowing with the suction air through the associated lines impair the valve function, in particular the sealing function, and e.g. B. can prevent the valve element from closing, or cause extraordinary wear on the valve element and / or its guidance. In the following, a valve 125 is described which is particularly suitable for the present application and which ensures a good sealing function with a long service life.

In the embodiment of the filter device 1 according to FIGS. 10 to 12, in which the same or comparable parts are provided with the same reference symbols, it differs from the embodiments described above as follows.

The flow path 50 for the gas or air to be filtered does not extend from below but from above to the filter device 7 or to the at least one filter 108 . Starting from the rear connection piece for the feed line 95 , a pipe section 95 a opens from behind into the filter device housing 23 above the filter 108 and preferably also above an intermediate floor 135 , which is located at a vertical, downward distance from the top wall of the filter device housing 23 above the filter 108 extends, preferably over its entire horizontal cross section. The vertical distance defines the cross section of a further pipeline section 95 b, which extends over the entire width of the filter housing 23 . As can be seen from FIG. 11, the intermediate base 135 is preferably curved in the shape of a cylinder section and is convexly curved upward. It can rest with its lateral edges on two support strips 136 and be supported on the top side by a vertical web 137 which extends from the front to the rear and which is fastened to the intermediate floor 135 or from below to the top wall of the filter device housing 23 , for. B. can be welded. The intermediate floor 135 can thus be inserted and removed again through the front opening 39 after the door 41 has been opened.

The intermediate floor 135 may have a plurality of vertical holes through which the air flow flows down to the filter 108 . It is also possible to provide only a hole 138 of correspondingly larger cross section in the rear area above the filter 108 in the intermediate floor 135 .

The supply of the air to be filtered from above is advantageous because a harmful air flow in the area between the filter 108 and the collecting container 8 is avoided and therefore no dust is whirled up in the collecting container 8 , which could impair the performance of the filter device 7 .

Also, in the filter apparatus of FIGS. 10 to 12 a hollow cylindrical filter 108 is at least provided, which is itself rotatably mounted to the front to back horizontally extending pivot axis 115 for the purpose of cleaning it with the cleaning device 55 a, with a platelet-shaped abutting member 56 or engages with a axparallelen bristle ridge 139 a of a preferably extends over the entire length of the filter 108 extending brush 139 between the folds F of the filter 108, and this cleans during its rotation from the filtered particles. This can be done by sweeping out the waves or folds F or by the abutment contact with which the bristle web 139 a shakes the folds F during the rotation of the filter 108 by slightly gripping between the folds F. A somewhat elastically resilient or soft abutment element 56 , here in the form of the brush web 139 a leads to the advantage that the apex regions of the shafts or folds F acted upon by the contact are subjected to less hardness and can therefore be less worn or less wear-resistant. The abutment element 56 can be held in a manner comparable to that in the embodiment according to FIG. 4 on one or more longitudinal and / or cross members 123 on the associated side walls of the filter device housing 23 .

In contrast to the embodiment according to FIG. 4, in the embodiment according to FIGS. 10 to 12 the drive motor 116 is arranged outside the filter device housing 23 , preferably on a connecting piece 96 a made of solid material, which for this purpose has a vertical rear wall 96 b for connecting the motor 116 .

Also in the embodiment according to FIG. 10, the filter 108 between two flange discs 113 a, b held 113 on fixed bearing sleeves 141, z. B. are mounted as a plain bearing, of which the rear bearing bush 141 is hollow-cylindrical and is fixed to the rear wall of the filter device housing 23 , while the front bearing bush 141 is fastened to the inside of the door 41 and is preferably designed to be inwardly convergent to flap to enable the door 41 . The drive through the flanges 113 and the at least one filter 108 rotating unit formed is by a from the motor 116 through the rear wall 96 b into a receiving hole of the front bushing 141 extending Anstriebswelle 142 penetrating through a them in a hole cross pin 143 thereby is rotatably connected to the front flange 113 b that the cross pin 143 engages in an axial slot 144 of a projection 145 b projecting rearward from the front flange 116 b. The component denoted by 146 and indicated by dash-dotted lines in the front view is a possibly additional support wheel, which passes through the drive shaft 142 in a guide hole with play.

As can further be seen from FIG. 10, the filter device 7 is assigned a safety device, generally designated 151 , which generates an acoustic or optical signal in connection with the existing control device and / or switches off the air flow (fans 5 , 5 a) and / or switches off the at least one dust-generating machine, not shown. The security device 151 comprises a motion detector 152 which is preferably disposed on the back of the filter device housing 23 and may be a so cooperate on the rear side of the rear flange 113 having a specific signal element 153, that when this flange 113 a does not rotate, the Motion detector 152 emits a signal initiating the safety measures described above. This flange disk 113 is at a standstill if, during the cleaning process of the filter 108, the at least one filter 108 is missing by rotating, so that the rear flange disk 113 a cannot be taken in the direction of rotation. The safety device 51 can be used whenever the filter moves during cleaning, here when rotating. In the context of the invention, it is possible to constantly monitor the presence of the filter, for. B. to rotate slightly so that a lack of the filter is detected immediately and not only when it is cleaned and the aforementioned safety measures are taken immediately.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 10, in addition to the main filter, an activated carbon filter and / or a safety filter can also coaxially one inside the other according to the embodiment of FIG. 4 or as already described in flow direction 50 , see FIG . e.g. B. Figs. 1 and 2 may be arranged. In FIG. 10, only a safety filter 108 c is shown in the upper area, which can form a filter unit with the main filter 108 a and end-side holding disks 108 d. An activated carbon filter 108 b can, for. B. in flat or block form in the rear region of the housing 2 (not shown) or in the lower region 3 or base of the housing 2 (see FIG. 10), in particular in the front region in front of the fan 5 . The installation and removal of the filter 108 b can, for. B. through a side front or upper closable opening 108 e through the main department 6 through.

Furthermore, it is advantageous to assign a level measuring device 155 according to FIG. 10 to the filter device 1 . This has a feeler element 156 in the form of a horizontally extending plate or here a rod or sleeve which is guided back and forth in an upright guide 157 from top to bottom, the range of motion being in the area of the maximum fill level 158 in the collecting container 8 . The feeler element 156 is biased with respect to its downward movement by a spring or its own weight. When it moves from its initial position above the maximum fill level 158 to the mountain of filtered particles and dust that has grown in the collecting container 8 , its movement is stopped by the resistance of the fill mountain. If this movement occurs before the predetermined end of movement, this state is evaluated by a suitably designed sensor 159 , which generates a "filling container full" signal. The signal "collecting container 8 full" generated by the sensor 159 can also be used to activate an acoustic or optical signal or alarm element and / or to switch off the air flow (fans 5 , 5 a) and / or the machine producing the particles.

In the present embodiment, the feeler element 156 is pivotably mounted on a swivel arm 161 and a horizontal swivel pin 162 between an approximately horizontal starting position located above the opening 38 and above the slide 63 and an end position located at bottom dead center, preferably in one of the rear walls of the the device housing 23 penetrating bearing bore. On the outside of the filter device housing 23 , a second pivot arm 163 is fastened to the pivot pin 162 , which itself or by means of a special signal element interacts with the sensor 159 , which can be arranged on the outside on the rear of the filter device housing 23 .

The movement control of the first swivel arm 161 is carried out by a control arm 164 which is fastened to the swivel pin 162 and which interacts with a cam control 165 on the filter device 7 . In the present embodiment, the cam control is arranged on the rear flange disk 113 a, preferably on the rear. Preferably, one or more control recesses 166 are provided on a partial circle on the flange disk 113 a, which is limited by a control cam 167 extending in the circumferential direction or its ends 167 a, 167 b. If there are several control recesses 166 , there are of course also several control cams 167 . When the filter 108 is rotated in the direction of rotation 168 , the sensing element 156 then automatically swivels downward due to its own weight when the control arm 164 reaches the control recess 166 . It is advantageous if this pivoting movement of the feeler element 166 takes place as slowly as possible. Therefore, the end 167 b of the control cam has an inclined inwardly sloping curve surface 167 c, which controls a relatively slow pivoting movement of the feeler element 156 . If, on the other hand, the start 167 a of the control cam 167 abuts the control arm 165 , the feeler element 156 is pivoted up correspondingly faster into its starting position.

If the pushbutton element 156 hits the filling mountain 158 during its downward movement and is braked before it has reached its lowest end position, the sensor 159 generates the signal described above to initiate the safety measures.

In this embodiment, the cleaning of the filter 108 and the level measurement are combined. The controller can be designed so that cleaning and / or level measurement has priority. That is, the existing control device can initiate the cleaning process without there currently being a requirement for the fill level measurement, or the control device can initiate a fill level measurement without currently requiring cleaning. It is not a disadvantage that both processes take place simultaneously.

The cleaning movement or rotation of the filter 108 (at least one revolution), which is motorized or manual, e.g. B. can be carried out by means of a hand crank according to FIG. 5, each time causes a measurement of the filter level and can be carried out at certain time intervals (e.g. after every operating hour) and / or after certain interventions (e.g. changing the filter cartridge, emptying the collecting container) , etc.) and is of course given every time the filter is cleaned.

As FIG. 10 further shows, the closing device 81 , here a lever arm 83 , is assigned a motion detector or electrical switch 171 which generates a signal when the collecting container 8 is connected in accordance with regulations. If this is not the case (not used or not mentioned) and therefore the motion detector or the switch 171 is not triggered, this defect can be made clear by activating an optical or acoustic signal element and / or the filter device 1 not in operation can be taken and / or the air flow (suction fan 5 ) cannot be switched on or is blocked and / or a dust-generating machine is switched off.

The filter device 1 can be arranged in the room containing the treatment stations, or it can be arranged in a special room or also outside of a building containing the work stations. In the first case, heating energy can be saved since the filtered air benefits the room again.

In all of the above-described exemplary embodiments, the or a part of the filter device 1 , 1 a, 1 b can be used for suctioning off one or more so-called functional areas, in which at least some of the workplaces A1 to A4 are - as already mentioned - a cutting machine or the like. are formed. For reasons of greater suction power required for a functional area, it is advantageous for the, several or all fans to provide a suction power of approximately 30 to 60 l / sec which can be varied in steps or continuously.

Particularly in the case of arrangements in which an independent shutdown of the suction power branches 95 a, 95 b is not necessary, it is advantageous to arrange a comparable controllable valve 125 a for the suction lines 95 or 95 A, 95 A (internal suction or switching). In the embodiment of Fig. 8, the valves 125 can be arranged a laterally adjacent to the common filter device 7.

In all the cases described above, it is useful not only to switch the associated valve 125 , 125 a, but also the fan or fans 5 to 5 c depending on the activation of the work station or a processing device at at least one of the existing work stations so that only the corresponding workstation is put into operation when switched on.

It is the purpose of the safety filter 28 a or 108 a to prevent filter material, in particular environmentally harmful filter material, from being blown out if the main filter 28 a is defective, e.g. B. should be torn, which cannot be excluded in the presence of coarse particles in the filter material. The activated carbon filter 28 b, 108 b is intended in particular for plastic work. If a leading out line 102 a is provided for the exhaust air, can be applied to a safety filter 28 c, 108 c and possibly also on an activated carbon filter 28 b can be omitted b 108th

The suction power adjustment of the suction device integrated in the filter device 1 to the required air consumption volume at the respective work station is described below using a preferred exemplary embodiment with reference to FIGS. 13 to 15, thereby avoiding unnecessary power consumption and a relatively low noise level of the fan or fans 5 , 5 a can be complied with.

Fig. 13 shows the basic structure of an integrated in the filtering device 1 central suction 200th The central suction device 200 serves to supply a plurality of suction consumers 201 , 202 and 203 which can be connected to the central suction device 200 via suction mouths, the corresponding suction mouths preferably being arranged at different dental workplaces. As described above, the suction power requirements P1, P2, P3 of the connected suction consumers 201 , 202 and 203 can differ greatly from one another. The different Absaugverbraucher be connected via suction lines and a Saugumschalteinrichtung 215 to a central suction device 217 that can deliver the maximum total Absaugverbraucher suction power P _sat.

Both the central block suction 200 and the suction consumers 201 , 202 and 203 which can be connected to it are supplied with electrical power by means of a central supply voltage source 214 . The suction consumers can be switched on via electrical switching devices 211 , 212 and 213 . The central block suction 200 further comprises a central control unit 218 for controlling the suction power of the central suction device 217 . The central control unit 218 is informed at any time by means of actual value signals i 1 to i 3 about the switching positions of the switch devices 211 to 213 . The central control unit 218 thus knows at all times which of the suction consumers 201 to 203 is switched on. Depending on the consumers switched on, the central control unit 218 controls both the suction power of the central suction device 217 and the suction switching device 215 via an actuating signal s. The suction switching device 215 is used to connect the respective suction consumers 201 to 203 to the central suction device 217 , as a result of which the corresponding suction consumer is only supplied with the suction power P1 to P3 for its operation. A distinction must therefore be made between, on the one hand, switching on a suction consumer 201 to 203 , i.e. actuating the corresponding electrical switching device 211 to 213 , which supplies the corresponding suction consumer with electrical power, and, on the other hand, switching on a suction consumer to the central suction device 217 , which means that appropriate suction consumers are supplied with the suction power P1, P2 or P3 necessary for its operation.

As previously mentioned, the central control unit 118 controls the suction power P _tot emitted by the central suction device 217 depending on the number and type of suction consumers connected to the central suction device. The central control unit 218 is informed of the nature of the suction consumers connected to the central suction device 217 . In order to avoid unnecessary power consumption and to ensure a relatively low noise level when several suction consumers are operating at the same time, the suction power of the central suction device is adapted to the actual suction power requirement of the suction consumers connected to the central suction device.

It is assumed, for example, that a suction consumer 201 with P1 = 20 l / sec and a further suction consumer 202 with P2 = 30 l / sec are connected to the central suction device 217 , which can generate a maximum suction performance of 60 l / sec. In this case, the maximum suction power is not given, but only a power of P = P1 + P2 = 50 l / sec.

Furthermore, the central control unit 218 controls the suction switching device 215 in such a way that as soon as it is determined via the corresponding actual value signal i that one of the suction consumers 201 to 203 has been switched on, ie the corresponding electrical switching device 211 to 213 has been actuated, the corresponding one Suction consumer is connected to the central suction device 217 . Switching on a switched-on suction consumer is only possible, however, if the available suction power of the central suction device 217 is greater than the corresponding suction power requirement of the switched-on suction consumer. It is assumed for example that to the central suction device with a maximum suction power P _tot of 60 l / sec already two Absaugverbraucher 201 and 202 are connected via the Saugumschalteinrichtung 215th The suction power required to operate these two suction consumers is P1 = 20 l / sec and P2 = 30 l / sec. This results in an available suction power P _free of 10 l / sec. If a third suction consumer is now switched on via the electrical switching device 213 , which has, for example, a suction power requirement of P3 = 30 l / sec, the central control unit 218 is informed via the corresponding actual value signal i 3 that the suction consumer 203 has been switched on. The central control unit then _freely compares the available suction power P with the suction power P3 required for the operation of the suction consumer 203 and in this case comes to the conclusion that the available free suction power is not sufficient. The suction consumer 203 is not immediately connected to the central suction device 217 , but only when the available suction power P _{free from} the central suction device 217 is greater than the required suction power P3. This will only be the case if one of the suction consumers 201 or 202 that was previously switched on has been switched off. If one of these consumers is disconnected from the central voltage source 214 via the corresponding electrical switching device 211 or 212 and thus switched off, this is communicated to the central control unit via the corresponding actual value signal i 1 or i 2, whereupon the latter immediately switches the suction switching device via an actuating signal 215 controls such that the corresponding switched off suction consumer is also switched off by the central suction device 217 . The then available suction power of the central suction device 217 consequently increases by the suction power requirement of the switched off suction consumer.

In order to be able to guarantee the control of the suction power and the switching on or off of the suction consumers to the central suction device 217 in the manner described above, it is absolutely necessary that the central control unit informs at any time about the switched on or switched on suction consumers and their respective suction power requirements is. This can be implemented, for example, via a coding part connected to the electrical switching devices 211 to 213 . This coding part, which is available for each suction consumer, automatically transmits identification information to the central control unit 218 when the corresponding suction consumer is switched on, the identification information comprising the type of consumer switched on and its suction power requirement. In the circuit shown in Fig. 13, the coding part is connected to the respective electrical switch 211 to 213 and the identification information is contained in the respective actual value signal i₁ to i₃.

It can be seen from FIG. 13 that the suction consumers 201 to 203 can be connected individually or together to the central suction device 217 , so that the simultaneous operation of a plurality of suction consumers is also possible, since these both individually and collectively connect a central suction device 217 to or can be switched off.

FIG. 14 shows an embodiment of the suction device shown in FIG. 13. Corresponding switching elements are provided with identical reference numerals. In FIG. 13, three switching devices 221 , 222 and 223 , which are connected to the suction consumers 201 , 202 and 203 and which are connected to the central suction device, serve as the suction switching device 215 shown in FIG . An actuator 216 is used to control the switching positions of the switching devices 221 , 222 and 223 via control signals s1, s2 and s3. The actuator is in turn controlled by the control unit 218 via an actuating signal. The switching devices 221 , 222 and 223 are preferably designed in the form of the pneumatically or hydraulically adjustable flexible valve element 125 or 131 described above. In addition, two memory devices 219 and 220 , which perform different functions, are connected to the central control unit 218 . The storage device 220 is configured, for example, as a stack memory (first in - first out FIFO) and serves to store identification information of those suction consumers who are switched on via the corresponding electrical switching direction 211 , 212 , 213 , but not via the corresponding switching devices 221 , 222 , 223 have been switched on to the central suction device 217 , since at the time of switching on the available suction power P _{free from} the central suction device was not greater than the suction power requirement of the corresponding switched on suction consumer. For example, if the suction consumer 203 is switched on by actuating the electrical switching device 213 and this cannot be connected to the central suction device 217 by switching on the corresponding switching device 223 , for example, the suction consumers 201 and 202 are already connected and the suction power P still available is _free the central suction device 217 is smaller than the required suction power P3 of the Absaugverbrauchers 203, so identifying information are stored in the stack memory 220 of the Absaugverbrauchers 203rd If the available suction power P is increased _{freely by} the central suction device 217, for example by switching off one of the two suction consumers 201 or 202 , the identification information of the suction consumer 203 is read out from the stack memory 220 . The central control unit 218 then closes on the read identification information on the Absaugverbraucher 203 and its Saugleistungsbedarf P3 and checks whether now available to the suction power P for the operation of Absaugverbrauchers sufficiently _free 203rd If this is the case, the suction consumer 203 is switched on by switching on the switching device 223 to the central suction device 217 and the identification information is deleted from the stack memory 220 . Otherwise, the identification information remains in the stack memory 220 and is only checked again later when the available suction power of the central suction device 217 has increased again. Of course, this method can also be carried out with several suction consumers, so that identification information of several suction consumers can be stored in the stack and can be dealt with according to the first in - first out (FIFO) principle, i.e. the suction consumer that was switched on first and its identification information have first been stored on the stack, are checked first and, if necessary, first connected to the central suction device 217 . The second memory device 219 is preferably designed as a read-write memory (RAM) and comprises the information which is essential for the operation of the central control unit 218 and the control of the central suction device 217 . Thus, in this memory, each of the required suction capacity P1, P2 and P3 of the connectable Absaugverbraucher 201, 202 and 203 as well as the stored maximum available suction P _tot and the respectively instantaneously available free suction P _free of the central suction 217th Using this read-write memory 219 the encoding described 11 may previously with reference to FIG. Are replaced, since an operator before start-up of the central Blockabsaugung 200 enter the identifying information of the connectable to the central Blockabsaugung 200 Absaugverbraucher 201, 202, 203 in this read-write memory 219 can. In particular, it is conceivable to enter the suction powers P1, P2 and P3 of the connectable suction consumers 201 , 202 and 203 required in the memory 219 before the device is started up. The central control unit 218 can then access the information entered at any time during device operation and is therefore also informed at all times about the suction power requirement of the switched on or connectable suction consumers 201 , 202 and 203 , so that the central control unit 218 , as already described with reference to FIG. 13 , can control the suction power of the central suction device 217 and the switching on and off of the suction consumers 201 , 202 , 203 .

Figs. 15A to 15C show a flow diagram illustrating the above-described control of the suction power of the central suction 217th It is assumed that several suction consumers V _k with a respective suction power requirement P _{k can be} connected to the central suction device 217 . The maximum made available by the central suction extraction 217 is denoted by P _sat. The variable n denotes the number of suction consumers actually connected to the central suction device 217 and the variable w denotes the number of suction consumers placed in a queue. In commissioning these two variables are each set to zero and the free power corresponding to the maximum available suction P _ges. First, it is checked whether a previously switched on suction consumer has been put in the queue. If this is the case, it is checked for each suction consumer entered in this queue whether the available suction power P is _freely sufficient for the operation of the corresponding suction consumer. V _m denotes the suction consumers in the queue, the operation of which requires the corresponding suction power P _m . If it is determined that a suction consumer V _m stored in the queue can be operated, this suction consumer is connected to the central suction device 217 and the corresponding identification information is deleted from the queue. The available free suction power P _free is then reduced by the corresponding suction power P _{m of} the connected suction consumer. The consumers queued in the queue are checked according to the first in - first out principle, ie the suction consumers V _m queued in the queue are checked in the order in which they are queued. If each of the suction consumers V _m queued in the queue has been checked, it is checked whether a suction consumer V _{k has} been switched on again. If this is the case, a comparison is then made as to whether the available free suction power P _{free from} the central suction device is sufficient for the operation of the switched-on suction consumer. If this is the case, the corresponding suction consumer is connected to the central suction device 217 and the available free suction power P is _freely reduced by the corresponding suction power requirement P _{k of} the connected suction consumer V _k . If this is not the case, the corresponding suction consumer is placed in the queue. Finally, it is checked whether a suction consumer V _k connected to the central suction device 217 has been switched off. In this case, the corresponding suction consumer is immediately separated from the central suction device 217 and the available free suction power P is _freely increased by the corresponding suction power requirement P _{n of} the separated suction consumer V _k . The queue is then checked again.

Claims (61)

1. A method for cleaning a filter ( 28 a; 108 a) for a gaseous medium which contains solid particles to be filtered out, in which the particles deposited on the filter are separated from the latter by the transmission of impacts on the filter, characterized in that a wave-shaped and fold-shaped filter ( 28 a; 108 a) a part of the waves or folds (F) or all waves or folds (F) are directly shock-contacted for the purpose of shock generation. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized, that the waves or folds (F) individually or in groups in succession be butted. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the waves or folds (F) are successively contacted by at least one abutment element ( 56 ) during a transverse movement of the waves or folds (F) along their head regions or head edges relative movement between the Filter ( 28 a; 108 a) and the abutment element ( 56 ). 4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gaseous medium to the filter ( 28 a, 108 a) is supplied in an angular range between vertically from bottom to top to approximately horizontally or between vertically from top to bottom to approximately horizontally. 5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that before, during or after the transmission of the impacts on the waves or folds (F) part of the upstream side or the upstream side of the filter ( 28 a; 108 a) - if not is already the case - is brought into a position in which the particles can fall off from the upstream side. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the filter ( 108 a) is rotated about an approximately horizontal axis of rotation ( 115 ). 7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the use of a block-shaped or flat filter ( 28 a) or a jacket-shaped filter, in particular a hollow cylindrical filter ( 108 a). 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the media flow is guided radially from the outside inwards and then axially through the filter ( 108 a). 9. The method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the waves or folds (F) during the rotation of the filter ( 108 a) about a horizontal axis of rotation ( 115 ) are butted or the waves or folds (F) are butted and then the filter ( 108 a) is rotated about the axis of rotation ( 115 ) by about 180 ° and preferably the shafts or folds (F) are then butted again. 10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the butt contact is made manually or by a motor drive at specific or indefinite time intervals or after monitoring and determining a certain degree of contamination of the filter ( 28 a, 108 a), with at least the butt contact effecting abutment element ( 56 ) or the filter ( 108 ) is moved relative to the other part. 11. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the butt contact takes place in a position of the filter ( 28 a; 108 a) in which it is located above a collecting container ( 8 , 8 a, 8 b) for the particles. 12. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gas pressure in the flow direction of the medium behind the filter ( 28 a; 108 a) is monitored or measured and then, when the gas pressure assumes a predetermined value, the filter ( 28 a; 108 a) is cleaned by shock contacting. 13. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gas flow through a in the flow direction behind the filter ( 28 a; 108 a) arranged safety filter ( 28 c; 108 c) is guided. 14. Device for cleaning a filter ( 28 a; 108 a) for a gaseous medium which contains solid particles to be filtered out, in particular for carrying out the method according to one of the preceding claims, with

• - a housing ( 2 ),
• - a filter ( 28 a; 108 a) which is arranged in a flow path passing through the housing and is held by a holding device ( 29 ),
• - And a collecting container ( 8 , 8 a, 8 b) for the particles, which is arranged below the filter ( 28 a; 108 a),

characterized in that the filter ( 28 a; 108 a) is constructed in an undulating or wrinkled manner, that the flow path of the filter ( 28 a; 108 a) is in an angular range between vertical from bottom to top to approximately horizontal or between vertical from top to bottom traverses approximately to horizontally and that a cleaning device ( 55 ) for the filter ( 28 a, 108 a) is provided for butt contacting a part of the number of waves or folds (F) or all waves or folds (F). 15. The apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that the cleaning device ( 55 ) has at least one abutment element ( 56 ) by a relative movement between the filter ( 28 a; 108 a) and the abutment element ( 56 ) which is transverse to the waves or folds (F) and along whose head regions or head edges is directed, can be brought into abutting contact with the waves or folds (F). 16. The apparatus of claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the abutment element ( 56 ) is a finger or strip-shaped element which projects transversely to the inflow surface of the filter ( 28 a; 108 a) between the waves or folds (F) and in particular has a relatively soft or elastically resilient contact part for the waves of the folds (F), preferably with a brush ( 139 a), between which folds (F) or waves protrude. 17. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cleaning device ( 55 ) on the upstream or downstream side of the filter ( 28 a, 108 a), in particular on the underside or top of the filter ( 28 a; 108 a) is arranged . 18. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the filter ( 28 a; 108 a) is arranged at a distance above the collecting container ( 8 , 8 a, 8 b) and the cleaning device ( 55 ) is arranged in the region of this distance is. 19. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the abutment element ( 56 ) or the filter ( 108 ) is movable manually or by a motor drive. 20. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the abutment element ( 56 ) or the filter ( 108 , 108 a) with an actuating element penetrating the filter housing ( 23 ) outwards, in particular with a rod ( 59 ) or crank (K ) is connected, which ends on one side, preferably on the front side, the crank (K) preferably being detachably arranged by a plug connection (H2). 21. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the filter ( 28 a; 108 a) through an opening ( 19 ) in a particularly vertical wall of the housing ( 2 ) preferably through a front opening ( 39 ) can be assembled or disassembled . 22. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a block-shaped or flat or jacket-shaped, in particular hollow cylindrical filter ( 28 a; 108 a) is provided, the filter ( 108 ) about an axis of rotation ( 115 ) by a manual or motor Drive is rotatably mounted. 23. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the waves or folds (F) extend approximately parallel to the operating side for the abutment element ( 56 ), which is arranged in particular on the front. 24. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the longitudinal central axis ( 115 ) of the jacket-shaped filter ( 108 a) extends approximately horizontally and preferably approximately at right angles to the operating side. 25. The device according to claim 24, characterized in that the jacket-shaped filter ( 108 a) is rotatably mounted about its longitudinal central axis ( 115 ) and a manual or motorized rotary drive for the filter ( 108 a) is provided, and that preferably the waves or folds (F) of the jacket filter extend axially. 26. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the collecting container ( 8 , 8 a, 8 b) forms the lower part of a filter housing ( 23 a) receiving the filter ( 28 a; 108 a). 27. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a two-part filter housing ( 23 ) is arranged in the housing ( 2 ), on the upper part ( 25 ) of which the collecting container ( 8 , 8 a, 8 b) can be connected. 28. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a horizontally circumferential support ring ( 62 ) is arranged in the preferably cuboid housing ( 2 ), to which the collecting container ( 8 , 8 a, 8 b) can be fitted tightly from below, and that preferably the upper part ( 25 ) of the filter housing ( 23 ) is arranged on the support ring ( 62 ). 29. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the collecting container ( 8 , 8 a, 8 b) a bag ( 92 ) can be inserted, the free edge region of which can be connected tightly to the edge of the collecting container. 30. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is assigned one or more air pumps or fans ( 5 , 5 a, 5 b, 5 c) which are the same or different in their throughput, in particular continuously or gradually changing . 31. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a second filter or safety filter ( 108 b) is arranged in the flow direction after the filter ( 28 a) and preferably an activated carbon filter ( 28 b; 108 b) before or after the safety filter ( 28 c; 108 c) is arranged. 32. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the filter or filters ( 28 a to 28 c; 108 a to 108 c) are arranged one above the other or coaxially one inside the other, preferably in the upper part of the housing or filter housing ( 23 ). 33. Apparatus according to claim 31 or 32, characterized in that the first and the second filter or the safety filter ( 28 a, 28 c; 108 a, 108 c) are of the same design. 34. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the medium to be filtered is inserted in the area between the filter ( 7 ) and the collecting container ( 8 ) in the filter housing ( 23 ) that coarse particles contained in the medium due to gravity in the collecting container ( 8 ) can fall. 35. Device for filtering a gaseous medium, with a filter housing ( 23 ), in the lower region of which a collecting container ( 8 ) for the filter material and above it in a flow path of the filter ( 7 ) are arranged, or device according to one of the preceding claims, thereby characterized in that a covering device (B) is provided in the area between the filter ( 7 ) and the collecting container ( 8 ), which prevents the gas flow from getting into the collecting container ( 8 ) and filter material already in it to the filter ( 7 ) transport and which is permeable at times or permanently for coarse filter material or for filter material cleaned from the filter ( 28 ; 108 ). 36. Apparatus according to claim 35, characterized in that the covering device (B) is adjustable between a position closing the passage between the filter ( 28 ; 108 ) and the collecting container ( 8 ) and a position opening the passage. 37. Apparatus according to claim 36, characterized in that the covering device (B) is formed by at least one closure element, in particular in the form of a slide ( 63 ) or one or two flaps (B1). 38. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cover device (B) in a flow passage (B9) ensuring distance below the filter ( 28 ; 108 ) is arranged. 39. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized,  that two flaps (B1) are arranged mirror-image to each other and each around a horizontal pivot axis are pivotally mounted. 40. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that between the adjustable cover device (B) and the drive (H) for cleaning the filter ( 28 ; 108 ) a drive connection is provided for adjusting the cover device (B). 41. Apparatus according to claim 40, characterized in that the drive connection has one or more drive cams (B12) which are arranged on the movable support of the filter ( 28 ; 108 ). 42. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized, that the at least one adjustable part (flaps B1) of the covering device (B) by a spring force in its one end position, in particular its Closed position, is acted upon. 43. Filter device ( 1 ) for a gaseous medium which contains solid particles to be filtered out, in particular for a medical or dental laboratory

• - a housing ( 2 ),
• - A suction line ( 95 ) for connecting a suction device at a workstation for machining with the filter device ( 1 ),
• - a filter ( 28 a; 108 a) which is arranged in a flow path in the housing ( 2 ) adjoining the suction line ( 95 ),
• - an air pump ( 5 , 5 a, 5 b, 5 c), with which the flow path is connected, if necessary, by a suction line section ( 96 ),
• - And a collecting container ( 8 , 8 a, 8 b) for the particles, which is arranged under the filter ( 28 a; 108 a),

and / or filter device ( 1 ) according to at least one feature of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two suction lines ( 95 A, 95 B) are provided, in each of which a valve ( 125 a) for optionally closing or opening the associated suction line ( 95 A, 95 B) is arranged, and that an air pump ( 5 ) preferably variable throughput or more, switchable and disconnectable air pumps ( 5 , 5 a, 5 b, 5 c) of the same and / or different throughput are provided. 44. Filter device according to claim 43, characterized in that the two suction lines are formed by at least two suction line branches ( 95 a, 95 b) which unite to form a common suction line ( 95 ). 45. Filter device according to claim 43 or 44, characterized in that each suction line ( 95 A, 95 B) is a common suction line, which is formed by at least two suction line branches uniting to form the common suction line ( 95 a, 95 b). 46. Filter device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized, that the suction line branches are each from a technical workstation and / or a cutting machine (A1, A2, A3, A4). 47. Filter device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in its arrangement for several workplaces (A1, A2, A3, A4) the housing ( 2 ) and the collecting container ( 8 a) are preferably widened approximately to twice the width dimension ( Fig . 6). 48. Filter device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two separate and independent filter devices are arranged side by side in an approximately double widened housing ( 2 ) ( Fig. 7). 49. Filter device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the air pump (s) ( 5 , 5 a, 5 b, 5 c) is or are arranged in the housing ( 2 ), preferably under a receiving space for the collecting container ( 8 , 8 a, 8 b). 50. Device for filtering solid particles from a gaseous medium, with a housing ( 2 ) and a holding device ( 29 ) arranged in the housing ( 2 ) for a filter ( 108 a), the holding device ( 29 ) with the filter ( 108 a) is movably mounted, the holding device ( 29 ) consisting of two holding device parts which are connected to one another by the built-in filter ( 108 a), one holding device part ( 113 b) being movable manually or by motor and with the other holding device part ( 113 a) or add-on parts of the same interact with a safety device ( 151 ) which, in the functional mode or in the operational readiness of the device in the absence of the filter ( 108 a), activates an acoustic or optical signal element and / or switches off the flow of the medium and / or an associated one Shut down particle producing machine. 51. Apparatus according to claim 50, characterized in that it is assigned a cleaning device ( 55 ) which cleans the filter ( 108 a) during its movement by impact contact, in particular against its folds (F). 52. Device according to claim 51 or 52, characterized in that the filter ( 108 a) is a hollow cylindrical jacket filter and the holding device parts ( 113 a, 113 b) are holding disks which hold the filter ( 108 a) between them on its end faces, and that the safety device ( 151 ) preferably has a motion detector ( 152 ) which interacts with the non-driven holding device part or the non-driven disc ( 113 a) or add-on parts of these parts. 53. Device according to one of claims 50 to 52, characterized in that the housing ( 2 ) has a mounting opening ( 39 ) for the filter ( 108 a) that the holding device parts ( 113 a, 113 b) in alignment with the preferably horizontally and in particular at right angles to the operating side extending axis of the mounting opening ( 39 ), and that the mounting opening ( 39 ) facing holding device part ( 113 b) is driven. 54. Device for filtering solid particles from a gaseous medium, with a housing ( 2 ), a holding device ( 29 ) arranged in the housing ( 2 ) for the filter ( 108 a), a collecting container ( 8 a, 8 b) for the Particle, which is arranged below the filter ( 108 a), and a level measuring device ( 155 ) for determining the state "collecting container full", the level measuring device ( 155 ) by a movable up and down probe element ( 156 ) is formed, which is arranged in the region of the maximum filling ( 158 ), that if it hits the filling ( 158 ) during its downward movement before it has reached its lower end position, a signal is generated which a acoustic or optical signal element is activated and / or switches off the flow of the medium and / or switches off an associated machine that generates the particles. 55. Device according to claim 54, characterized in that the feeler element ( 156 ) can be moved manually or by motor. 56. Apparatus according to claim 54 or 55, characterized in that the feeler element ( 156 ) can be moved into its lower position by its own weight. 57. Device according to one of claims 54 to 56, characterized in that the sensing element ( 156 ) is pivotally mounted about a horizontal pivot axis. 58. Device according to one of the preceding claims 54 to 57, characterized in that a cam control ( 167 ) is provided for moving the feeler element ( 156 ). 59. Device according to one of claims 54 to 58, characterized in that the filter ( 108 a) is preferably movably mounted for the purpose of its cleaning and the drive for moving the probe element ( 156 ) from the movement of the holding device ( 29 ) for the filter ( 108 a) is derived.