DE1934952C

DE1934952C - Nuclear reactor plant

Info

Publication number: DE1934952C
Authority: DE
Inventors: Peter Anthony London Taylor
Original assignee: Babcock and Wilcox Ltd
Current assignee: Babcock International Ltd
Publication date: 1972-09-28

Description

1 ° 21 ° 2

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Atomkernreaktoranlage ten. Um in dem ersten Wärmeaustauscher eine solcheThe invention relates to an atomic nuclear reactor system th. To in the first heat exchanger such

mit einem in einem Dnickgehäuse aus Beton einge- Heizwirkung zu erzielen, wie sie erreicht würde,to achieve the heating effect that would be achieved using a thin concrete casing

schlossenen Reaktorkern, welches eine weitere Kam- wenn anstatt nur eines Teiles das gesamte Kühlmittelclosed reactor core, which has a further chamber instead of just a part of the entire coolant

mer enthält, wobei eine Röhre zum Kühlmittel- über ihn strömte, ist allerdings eine größere Anlagemer contains, whereby a tube to the coolant flowed over it, however, is a larger system

transport von dem Reaktorkern zu der weiteren 5 erforderlich. Wenn beispielsweise der erwähnte Teiltransport from the reactor core to the other 5 required. For example, if the mentioned part

Kammer vorgesehen ist, wobei der Ausgang der des Kühlmittels die Hälfte beträgt, so könnte esChamber is provided with the output of that of the coolant being half, so it could

Röhre räumlich von beiden Enden der weiteren erforderlich sein, den ersten WärmeaustauscherPipe spaced from both ends of the further required, the first heat exchanger

Kammer beabstandet ist und wobei ein erster und fünfzehn Prozent größer auszubilden, als wenn dasChamber is spaced and being a first and fifteen percent larger than when that

ein zweiter Wärmeaustauscher mit einander züge- gesamte Kühlmittel über ihn strömen müßte. Dera second heat exchanger with each other pulls all coolant would have to flow over it. the

wandten Enden innerhalb eines einzigen Durchfluß- ίο Aufwand für diese Vergrößerung ist jedoch aufHowever, turned ends within a single flow- ίο effort for this enlargement is on

weges in der weiteren Kammer angeordnet sind. Grund der Einsparung auf de.n Pumpensektor immerway are arranged in the further chamber. Reason for the savings in the pump sector always

Anlagen dieser Gattung sind bereits bekannt, und noch wirtschaftlicher.Systems of this type are already known and even more economical.

zwar weisen sie einen in einem Druckgehäuse aus Nach einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist Beton eingeschlossenen Reaktorkern auf, und das vorgesehen, daß der Teil der weiteren Kammer, in Druck gehäuse enthält auch eine weitere Kammer, 15 den die Röhre mündet, in Strömungsrichtung unterwobei eine Röhre zum Kühlmitteltransport von dem halb des ersten Wärmeaustauschers und oberhalb Reaktorkern /u der weiteren Kammer vorgesehen ist. des /weiten Wärmeaustauschers gelegen ist.
Der Ausgang d^i Röhre befindet sich räumlich von line weitere Ausführungsforni der Erfindung beiden ί nden der weiteren Kammer im Abstand, und zeichnet sich dadurch aus, daß eine Vorrichtung ein erster und ein zweiter Wärmeaustauscher sind mit ="> vorgesehen ist, durch welche eine innige Durcheinander zugewandten Enden innerhalb eines ein- mischung desjenigen Kühlmittels, welches in zige: Durchflußweges in der weiteren Kammer Strömungsrichtung unterhalb des ersten Wärmeangeordnet, vgl. »Elektrotechnik und Maschinen- austauschers in den Durchflußweg ausströmt, mit bau», Mai 1968, Seite 203, Abb. 7, und »Nuclear demjenigen Kühlmittel, welches Jurch den ersten Engineering and Design«, November/Dezember 1968, 25 Wärmeaustauscher hindurchgestremt ist, erfolgt.
Seite 469, Fig. 1. Erfindungsgemäß kann der erste Wärmeaus-Beieiner anderen bekannten gasgekühlten Reaktor- tauscher vollständig in dem Raum liegen, welcher anlage ist der Kei.i ebenfalls in einem Druckgehäuse sich zwischen dem Teil der weiteren Kammer, in aus Beton eingeschlossen, und <»s sind zur Dampf- welchen die Röhre mündet, und einem Ende der erzeugung und Dampferhitzung dienende Wärme- 3° weiteren Kammer erstreckt.According to one embodiment of the invention, concrete is enclosed in a reactor core, and it is provided that the part of the further chamber, in pressure housing, also contains another chamber, which the tube opens out, in the direction of flow, with a tube below is provided for coolant transport from the half of the first heat exchanger and above the reactor core / u of the further chamber. of the / wide heat exchanger is located.
The output d ^ i tube is spatially from line further embodiment of the invention both ίnds of the further chamber at a distance, and is characterized in that a device is a first and a second heat exchanger is provided with = "> through which a intimate messy ends facing each other within an intermingling of that coolant, which is arranged in umpteen: flow path in the further chamber flow direction below the first heat, see "electrical engineering and machine exchangers in the flow path flows out, with bau", May 1968, page 203, Fig. 7, and "Nuclear that coolant, which through the first Engineering and Design", November / December 1968, 25 heat exchangers streamed through.
Page 469, Fig. 1. According to the invention, the first heat from another known gas-cooled reactor exchanger can be located completely in the space, which is the installation of the Kei.i also in a pressure housing between the part of the further chamber, enclosed in concrete, and <»s are to the steam, which the tube opens, and one end of the generation and steam heating serving heat - 3 ° further chamber extends.

austauscher in Kammern ar.geor net, die in dtm Weiterhin wird nach der Erfindung vorgeschlagen, Beton des Druckgehäuses ausgebildet und um den daß eine Kontrollvorrichtung vorhanden ist, durch Kern herum verteilt sind. Bei einer derartigen Anlage welche das Verhältnis desjenigen Teiles des Kühlkiinnen sich die Kammern vertikal über das obere mittels, welcher in Strömungsrichtung oberhalb des linde des Kerns hinaus erstrecken, so daß der Aus- 35 ersten Wärmeaustauschers in den Durchflußweg ausgang einer Röhre, welche sich lateral vom oberen strömt, zu demjenigen Teil des Kühlmittels, welcher Ende des Kerns zu den Kammern erstreckt, zwischen in Strömungsrichtung unterhalb des ersten Wärmeden Enden der Kammern liegt. austauschers in den Durchflußweg ausströmt, ver-Die bekannten Anlagen haben den Nachteil, auf- änderbar ist. Dabei kann die Kontrolleinrichtung wendig gebaut werden zu müssen und hohe Betriebs- 4o eine Hülse aufweisen, die den ersten Wärmeauskosten zu erfordern. Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe tauscher umschließt und axial zwischen zwei festen zugrunde, eine Atomkernreaktoranlage der eingangs Schultern verschiebbar ist, und die Einrichtung kann genannten Gattung zu schaffen, bei welcher der erfor- derart ausgebildet sein, daß dasjenige Kühlmittel, derliche Aufwand für die Einrichtung und den welches in Strömungsrichtung oberhalb des ersten B-trieb insbesondere der Pumpanlage geringer ist als 45 Wärmeaustauschers in den Durchflußweg ausströmt, bei bekannten Anlagen. zwischen einem Ende der Hülse und einer der Schul-Die Lösung geschieht nach der Erfindung dadurch, tern hindurchfließt und dasjenige Kühlmittel, welches daß Röhren des ersten Wärmeaustauschers innerhalb in Strömungsrichtung unterhalb des ersten Wärmedesjenigen Raumes liegen, welcher sich von dem austauschers in den Durchflußweg ausströmt, zwi-Ausgang der Röhre zu einem Ende der weiteren 5° sehen dem anderen Ende der Hülse und der anderen Kammer erstreckt, und Röhren des zweiten Wärme- Schulter hindurchfließt. Vorzugsweise wirkt die Hülse austauschers innerhalb desjenigen Raumes liegen, in jeder ihrer extremen Stellungen mit einer der welcher sich von dem Ausgang der Röhre zu dem Schultern zusammen und verhindert hierdurch einen anderen Ende der weiteren Kammer erstreckt, und Kühlmittelfluß zwischen der Hülse und der Schulter, daß ein Leitungsweg vorgesehen ist, welcher das aus 55 Schließlich wird nach der Erfindung noch vorgedem Ausgang der Röhre austretende Kühlmittel teil- schlagen, daß die Leitungscinrichtung eine Zwischenweise in Strönningsrichlung vor dem ersten Wärme- wand umfaßt, welche eine festgelegte Öffnung austauscher in den Durchflußweg und teilweise in aufweist, durch welche das Kühlmittel in Strömungs-Slrömungsrichtung hinter dem ersten Wärmeaus- richtung unterhalb des ersten Wärmeaustauschers in tauscher in den Durchflußwej» führt. 60 den Durchflußweg eintreten kann.exchanger in chambers ar.geor net, which in dtm is further proposed according to the invention, Concrete of the pressure housing formed and around which a control device is present by Are distributed around the core. In such a system, which the ratio of that part of the Kühlkiinnen the chambers vertically over the upper means, which in the flow direction above the Extending linden of the core so that the outlet 35 first heat exchanger outlet into the flow path a tube, which flows laterally from the upper, to that part of the coolant which End of the core extends to the chambers, between in the direction of flow below the first thermal den Ends of the chambers. Exchanger flows out into the flow path, ver-The known systems have the disadvantage that it can be changed. The control device To have to be built manoeuvrable and high operating 4o have a sleeve, the first heat costs to require. The invention has the task of enclosing and axially fixed exchangers between two based on an atomic nuclear reactor system which is initially movable shoulders, and the device can to create the type mentioned, in which the required be designed in such a way that the coolant the same effort for the device and which in the direction of flow above the first B-drive in particular of the pumping system is less than 45 heat exchanger flows out into the flow path, with known systems. between one end of the sleeve and one of the school die Solution happens according to the invention in that tern flows through and that coolant which that tubes of the first heat exchanger inside in the flow direction below the first heat exchanger The space that flows out of the exchanger into the flow path, between the output the tube to one end the further 5 ° see the other end of the sleeve and the other Chamber extends, and tubes of the second thermal shoulder flows through. The sleeve preferably acts exchangers lie within that space, in each of their extreme positions with one of the which constricts from the exit of the tube to the shoulders and thereby prevents one other end of the further chamber extends, and coolant flow between the sleeve and the shoulder, that a conduction path is provided, which is from 55 Finally, according to the invention, still vorgedem The coolant escaping from the outlet of the tube partially impacts the conduit device in an intermediate manner in Strönningsrichlung in front of the first thermal wall, which has a defined opening Exchanger in the flow path and partially in, through which the coolant in the direction of flow Slrömungsrichtung behind the first heat alignment below the first heat exchanger in exchanger into the flow path. 60 can enter the flow path.

Durch die Einrichtung, daß nur ein Teil des Kühl- In der Zeichnung ist ein AusführungsbeispielBy the device that only part of the cooling In the drawing is an embodiment

mittels, welches über den zweiten Wärmeaustauscher der Erfindung wiedergegeben, welches nachstehendby means of which reproduced about the second heat exchanger of the invention, which follows

strömt, auch über den ersten Wärmeaustauscher beschrieben wird. Die Abbildung zeigt in schemati-flows, is also described via the first heat exchanger. The figure shows in schematic

lliel.it, wird der Druckabfall, welcher auftritt, wenn scher Darstellung einen Teil einer erfindungsgemäßenlliel.it, is the pressure drop that occurs when shear representation part of an inventive

das Kühlmittel zu dem ersten Wärmeaustauscher und 65 Kcrnrcaktoranlagc.the coolant to the first heat exchanger and 65 Kcrnrcaktoranlagc.

über diesen hinweg geleitet wird, begrenzt. Hieraus Es handelt sich um einen gasgekühllcn Kernreaktoris passed over this is limited. This is a gas-cooled nuclear reactor

v..-t;ibt sich die Möglichkeit, die Einrichtung und den mit einem nicht dargesicllten Reaktorkern, der sichv ..- t; there is the possibility of using the device and the reactor core, which is not shown

Hcliicb der Pumpanlage wirtschaftlicher zu gestal- in ainem Druckgehäuse aus Beton befindet. EineHcliicb the pumping system is more economical to design in a pressure housing made of concrete. One

Claims

Multiple chambers are formed in the concrete around the reactor core. There is a tubular heat exchanger in each chamber. Such a chamber 12 contains a first heat exchanger 14, which is provided as a superheater, and a second heat exchanger 16, which serves as a high-pressure steam generator and steam heater. The heat exchangers 14 and 16 are connected in such a way that they lie one behind the other within a first gas flow path 18 whose inlet opening 20 is at one end of the chamber and whose outlet (not shown) is at the other end. A tube 22 is intended for this purpose. Direct cooling gas from the reactor core into a portion 24 of the chamber 12. The chamber extends vertically above and below the part 24, which lies between the ducts of the superheater 14 and the tubes of the high-pressure steam generator. -Dampferliit / ersl6 licet. Dlt flow path 18 is du.ch tine axially displaceable tube 26 and a fixed tube 26 A spaced apart from the inner wall 28 of the chamber 12, so that an annular gap results. An annular intermediate wall 27 extends between the tube 26 A and the inner wall of the chamber below the tube 26. and a part 30 A of the annular space above the intermediate wall 27 forms a second gas passage 30 which leads to an opening 20 which extends between the upper F. nde of the tube 26 and a cover 29 is provided. In this way, coolant can flow out of the tube 22 in the second passage 30, 30A and through the opening 20 to the first passage 18. The tube 26 is axially displaceable from the outside of the pressure housing with the aid of cables 39. In its lowest position, in which it is shown in the drawing, it mows on a shoulder 42 which is formed by the upper end of the tube 26A. When the tube 26 is in this position, no coolant can flow into the gas flow path 18 below the first heat exchanger 14. If, on the other hand, the tube 26 is raised, the dimensions of the opening 20 are reduced, and at the same time a flow of coolant is made possible to a point in the flow path 18 located below the heat exchanger 14. In this way, the ratio of the gas flow at points above and below the heat exchanger 24 can be changed; in the outermost upper part of the tube 26, the flow is cut off at the upper point, viewed in the direction of flow, in that the upper end of the tube 26 is in contact with the cover 29. A device can be provided through which an intimate mixing of the coolant which flows out below the first heat exchanger 14 into the flow path 18 with the coolant which has flowed through the first heat exchanger 14 takes place. During operation of the core reactor installation, the coolant, after it has been heated while flowing through the reactor core, enters the tube 22 and through the part 21 into the chamber 12. A portion of the gas which reaches the chamber 12 flows between the tube 26 and the shoulder 42 directly via the tubing of the steam generator 16; the other part of the coolant flows through the second passage 30, which is defined by the annular space and the opening 20, to the first gas passage and so over the superheater tubes 14, from where the gas flows out and mixes with the original coolant which is in the gas passage 18 enters through the opening formed by lifting the tube 26. This mixed coolant then flows through the tube system of the steam generator 16. The proportion of the gas which bypasses the first heat exchanger 14 can be varied by changing the position of the tube 26 axially. By changing the proportion of the cooling gas which flows over the superheater 14, the superheater can be made large enough to ensure adequate heating despite the contamination of the surfaces of the heat exchanger and the uncertainty factors of the heat transfer. By controlling the flow through the superheater tubes, these uncertainty factors can be compensated for without the need to use temperature controllers or similar devices. In the case of gas-cooled storage doors, in which the coolant is routed one after the other through a superheater and a steam generator and heater, the temperature of both parts depends on a change in the temperature of the coolant leaving the reactor. By changing the ratio in which the cooling gas is divided, there is another middle! to control the temperature of the superheater steam. Controlling the superheating temperature by changing the proportion of the gas which flows over the superheater is particularly useful at part load or under start-up conditions, where it may be necessary to bring the steam temperatures into line with hot turbine housings. Although the system described makes it possible to change the ratio of that coolant which flows over the superheater to that which bypasses the superheater, an embodiment is also intended in which the ratio is fixed. The features of the subject matter of the invention disclosed in the above description, in the drawing and in the following claims can be essential both individually and in any combination with one another for the implementation of the invention in its various embodiments. Patent claims:

1. Atomkernrcaktoranlagc with one in one Pressure building made of concrete enclosed reactor core, which contains a further chamber, a tube for transporting coolant from the reactor core to the further chamber is provided, the outlet of the tube spatially from both ends of the further chamber is spaced and wherein a first and a second heat exchanger facing each other Ends are arranged within a single flow path in the further chamber, characterized in that Tubes of the first heat exchanger (14) lie within the space that extends from the exit of the tube (22) to one end of the

further chamber (12) extends, and tubes of the second heat exchanger (16) within that Space, which extends from the exit of the tube (22) to the other end the further chamber (12) extends, and that a Lcitungswcg is provided, which from the Exit of the tube (22) exiting coolant partially in the direction of flow before the first Heat exchanger (14) in the flow path (18) and partly in the flow direction hinler the first heat exchanger (14) leads into the Durchflußwcg (18).

2. Kernrcaktoranlagc according to claim 1, characterized in that the part (24) of the further Chamber (12) into which the tube (22) opens, below the first heat exchanger in the direction of flow (14) and above the second heat exchanger (16) is located.

3. Kcrnrcakioranlage according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a device ao is provided. through which an intimate through mixture of that coolant, which in the flow direction below the first heat exchanger (14) flows out into the flow path (18), with that coolant which is passed through as the first heat exchanger (14) has flowed through takes place.

4. Kernrcaktoranlagc according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the first heat exchanger (14) is completely in the space which is between the Part (24) of the further chamber (12) into which the tube (22) opens, and one end of the further Chamber (12) extends.

5. Kernrcaktoranlagc according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that a control device is present, through which the ratio of that part of the coolant, which in the flow direction above the first heat exchanger (14) in the flow path (18) flows out to that part of the coolant which is in the flow direction flows out into the flow path below the first heat exchanger (14), variable is.

6. Kernrcaktoranlagc according to claim 5, characterized in that the control device comprises a sleeve (26) which encloses the first heat exchanger (14) and is axially displaceable between two fixed shoulders (42), and that the device is designed such that the one Coolant which flows out in the flow direction above the first heat exchanger (14) into the flow path (18), flows through between one end of the sleeve (26) and one of the shoulders and that coolant which flows in the flow direction below the first heat exchanger (14) in the flow path (18) flows out between the other Er Ac of the sleeve (26) and the other shoulder.

7. Kcrnrcakioranlage according to claim 6, characterized in that the sleeve (26) in each their extreme positions interacts with one of the shoulders (42) and thereby a cooling fluid prevented between the sleeve and the shoulder.

8. Kcrnrcakioranlage according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the Lciliingseinrichtung comprises a partition, which has a specified opening through which the coolant in the flow direction below the first heat exchanger (14) ir the flow path (18) can enter.

1 sheet of drawings