DE1931353A1 - Method for dyeing textiles, fibers or the like. - Google Patents

Description

Process for dyeing textiles, fibers or the like.

The invention relates to a method for dyeing textiles, fibers or the like in a dye liquor using an organic one that cannot be mixed with water Solvent whose specific gravity is greater than one and which forms azeotropic mixtures with water. Ever Depending on the application, the fleet can do this alone the solvent in which the dye is dissolved, or but also from an emulsion of water or aqueous Solutions (when using water-soluble dye) and the Solvent exist, the solvent being the im is excess treatment medium. Others too Auxiliaries such as emulsifiers, surface-active substances or the like, and solubilizers such as diethylartamide

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or isopropyl alcohol can be dissolved in such a solvent liquor.

. The organic solvents used for the dye liquor, in particular halogenated hydrocarbons such as per- or Trichlorethylene or the like evaporate very easily even at normal temperatures. In the dyeing process that Working with such an organic solvent as an essential part of the liquor is usually found in the dye liquor leading containers a larger proportion of the solvent used due to the heating during Coloring in the gaseous state above the liquid. This does not only result in losses or undesired ones Overprints. When a larger proportion of the solvent is out the liquor has evaporated, it no longer corresponds to the originally set amount and composition.

■ As a result of this change in the amount and composition of In the liquor there is a risk of uneven and in uncontrolled catfish changing coloring conditions and thus the possibility of different color depths of the treated Textile goods.

The object of the invention is therefore »to eliminate these tile parts and to keep the dyeing conditions as constant and clear as possible in order to achieve constant staining results ». the The invention assumes »that the eleventh essential advance? Auseteung fUi? constant dyeing conditions consist in maintaining the liquor ratio a »i.e. that did

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Solution3tnlttelquote in the fleet in the end as much as possible , as big as it should be at the beginning of the treatment. Io narrow sense Therefore, the invention is based on the object, the liquor ratio »so the ratio of liquor volume and To keep the weight of the goods to be treated largely constant. In addition, the invention should largely ensure the constancy of the composition of the liquor. In addition also include, for example, the running distance ton undesirable, for example from textiles, absorbed water from the fleet, in order to reach their highest possible boiling point during dyeing. In addition, the risk of overpressure as a result of the Gas development in the system can be reduced.

The solution to this problem is, according to the invention, that the vapors escaping from the liquor are captured and condensed during the dyeing process, and that d «9 condensate obtained therefrom continuously during the The dyeing process is fed back into the liquor, i.e. the continuously accumulating condensate is immediately returned to the liquor brewed. Through this measure, the quantitative ratio of the liquor-dye-textile fiber system remains constant worldwide, and one has correspondingly constant dyeing conditions during the entire duration of the treatment. Because the developing gas ■ condensation is ongoing, undesired overpressure can be avoided. It can even be found at Atmosphfirendruok in the Plant to be worked.

even However, the invention / provides that not only the solvent

amount, but also the amount of water in the system that is connected to the

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Solvent forms an azeotropic mixture »thereby is kept constant that the condensate without decomposition is fed back into the fleet in its phases. this is particularly important in all cases in which the; Water plays a quantitative role in the staining process.

! Since the evaporating solvent-water mixture according to the Invention is quantitatively correctly fed back to the liquor, the dyeing conditions are retained. As far as the , The water content does not play a role or is even undesirable and only comes from the textiles themselves, if you want to work in a dry solvent, , '2us flavors with condensed solvent over a water

^f separator can be derived in which the water is separated, while the solvent according to the invention to the liquor

'is returned. It depends on the water content is present in the liquor in emulsified form, so there is

^! within the scope of the invention the possibility that the undisassembled

; Condensate is passed into the main liquor via a pump or a corresponding emitting device before being returned and then, after the water part therein has been sufficiently finely dispersed in the solvent by the pump, is passed into the liquor. In dyeing processes in which the liquor is heated, the invention provides that the resulting gas pressure is controlled by an adjustable overpressure safety device and / or by regulating the

. KUhlleieturtg a condensing the rising vapors

Capacitor ^ in one place! Value is regulated.

■ · ''. ■■ ■ ^x ''

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A particularly advantageous, the development of the invention serving measure is that after

the removal of the dye liquor before the dyed t
'Textiles are removed from the dyeing device, the dyed material is dried by means of air circulation until the solvent content contained therein is largely removed and condensed, whereupon the air circulation can be stopped regardless of the water content still contained in the dyed material. The air is not circulated in order to completely dry out the material to be dyed, but only to recover the residual solvent that is still in it.

When dyeing with water, in which the water as a carrier ■ is the medium for the dye to be applied to the goods, the liquor often contains electrolytic additives, such as salts, acids or bases that still adhere to the fiber after the liquor has been drained off at the end of the dyeing process and durtah rinsing must be removed. When working in an organic solvent, which is the main working medium represents in which the water carrying the dye, e.g. in emulsion form, is brought to the fiber These electrolyte additives cannot be removed by rinsing with solvent, as they cannot be in this soluble aind. According to the invention, therefore, when dyeing with such an organic solvent; after the Liquor has been drained from the dyeing tank for distillation, the dyeing tank in which the solvent-

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and water-moist goods remained, with water filled so that the material to be dyed is completely surrounded by water. This liquor, in which the dyed material is rinsed, thus consists of water, which, with the remaining solvent residues, forms an azeotropic gas mixture when heated forms »Since considerably more solvents than water evaporate during this heating process, the in the water-soaked goods still remaining solvent residues can be recovered by condensation, so that only water remains, in which the dyed material can be rinsed extensively and without loss of solvent. Of the The point in time at which the solvent has largely been recovered can easily be seen on a flow-through sight glass recognize or determine with the help of a known flowmeter through which the condensed solvent after it is expediently freed from the water content in a water separator.

An apparatus for performing the invention The method consists of at least one dye container for holding textiles or the like and a line system with pump for pumping the dye liquor. Within the scope of the invention, the container can in principle be any suitable one Have shape. You can basically use any known dyeing machine, e.g. as a tree, jigger, drum, Reel skid, dyeing unit or the like. Is formed, go out. The essence of the invention consists in such a device that the dye container via a line to a

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Condenser can be connected, the condensate drain can be connected to the dye container. With the help of these additional ¹ borrowed features, the rising solvent vapors can be captured and condensed in a dyeing machine during the entire dyeing process. The entire condensate or at least the solvent phase thereof can then be continuously fed back into the liquor.

Instead of attaching the condensate drain directly to the container, it is also possible within the scope of the invention to connect it to the suction side of the pump whose pressure noite can be connected to the paint container. This measure is particularly recommended if the water content of the Condensate in the solvent should be eroulgiert.

In a further development of the invention, the inventive Device can be modified and varied in many ways. So you can also use the actual dye container still further, heated dye liquor leading container to be connected to the condenser, so that also no undesirable overpressure occurs in these. The condenser can also with the outside atmosphere, preferably via a pressure relief valve, at its opposite from the gas inlet End communicating so that it becomes possible to do the staining at any desired gas pressure, even at Atmospheric pressure, without loss of solvent as a result appear. It is particularly advisable to adjust the cooling capacity of the condenser as a function of the gas pressure

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To train Ira staining containers adjustable. A particularly ■ advantageous embodiment of the invention is that a chemical cleaning machine is provided as the dyeing device, in which the condensate drain of a condenser that can be connected to the cleaning drum, not only with a water separator as before, but also with the drum housing directly or via a pump is. This enables these machines to be used for a new purpose, namely dyeing, in the context of a production plant. In contrast to the previous mode of operation of these machines, the parts of which coming into contact with the dye liquor are made correspondingly resistant, e.g. made of stainless steel, the method according to the invention now not only takes place during the drying of the goods, but precisely when the drum is in the heated liquor for dyeing is continuously condensed, and the condensate obtained is returned to the liquor. Moreover, the application of such a machine provides the advantage that in contrast to the usual ^For now the goods irbevorrichtungen not for the purpose of spinning and drying of the actual Firbebebäter brought out must be removed vein. In many cases, all of these treatment processes can be carried out in one and the same container, namely in the drum of the machine. If the liquor needs to be heated, the Troromelgehäuae can easily be equipped with a heating device, for example with a steam jacket or the like, for this purpose.

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These and other features of the invention are set out in US Pat Drawing for example and shown schematically. Eg show:

Fig. 1: An achematic representation of the basic idea the invention,

Fig. 2: one designed for the purposes of the invention Dry cleaning machine, m '

Fig.3: Another example of a dyeing device with

Dye drum and
Fig.4i a variant of Fig.2.

According to FIG. 1, the dye container 1, which, as already mentioned, can in principle be of any suitable type, is connected to the input of the capacitor 3 via a line 2. The condensed solvent collects at the lowest point 4 of the capacitor housing and flows off via the line 5. Here, depending on the opening of the valve 6 or 7 (the other valve is then closed, either directly through the line 11 or via the pump 8 through lines 13, 12 and 11) to the dyeing container 1 in which the dyeing process takes place . via line 9 iat the capacitor 3 can be vented to the outside. venting takes place to achieve a certain operating pressure via a valve provided in the conduit 9,

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Overpressure valve 10t adjustable to the desired working pressure. The valve 10 can be omitted if only with Atmospheric pressure should be worked.

Pig.2 shows the invention using the example of a solvent dyeing system developed from a chemical cleaning machine, in which the goods can also be dried after dyeing. ^F of the drum housing 1 in which a is mounted with the fabrics to be filled drum rotatable in a known manner, via the fan 19, a duct 22 to the inlet of the condenser 3> in which the heat exchanger 3 'for the condensation of the penetrating solvent vapors is . From the outlet of the condenser 3, the air duct 21 leads back to the drum housing 1 via the air heater 20. From the condensate drain 4 | 5 of the condenser 3 branches, in addition to a line leading via the valve 16 to a water separator (not shown), the line connected to the suction side of the pump 8 via the valve 7 or 6 and the line connected directly to the drum housing 1 connected line 11. These additional lines 11 and 13 are normally not required in dry-cleaning machines.

Solvent gas can be fed to the condenser via the air shafts customary in chemical cleaning machines. This is if there is a ventilation line leading to the outside e.g. by flaps or the like only '

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to ensure that the solvent gases do not get into the Entliftungsleitung but get into the heat exchanger of the condenser.

In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, a special connecting line 2 is provided for carrying out the process according to the invention, which leads from the drum housing 1 'directly to the input of the capacitor. For this purpose, the air ducts 22 and 21 in the region of the drum housing 1 'can be shut off by the controllable closing flaps 17 and 18 during the operation. In addition, the inlet and outlet of the housing of the condenser 3 can be shut off by the flaps 23 and 24 so that the fan 9 and the air heater 20, as long as they are not in operation, do not come into contact with solvent vapors. The arrangement of such a special connecting line 2, however, already represents a further development of the invention. By blocking or separating the air shafts from the drum housing and condenser and the arrangement of the line 2, a targeted condensation on the heat exchanger 3 'is achieved, and undesired accumulations of condensed solvents -or water residues in the air circulation system are avoided. In principle, however, this line 2 can also be dispensed with if the air shafts that are already present or one of them is used for supplying the solvent gases to the condenser. The one leading out of the capacitor housing into the open air

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Vent line 9 igt through the closure flap 25 can be shut off during the air circulation during subsequent drying. The dyeing process can thus take place with the flap 25 open Atmospheric pressure can be carried out, however, in order to avoid solvent losses, the cooling capacity of the Capacitor 3 must be so large that everything is gaseous entering solvent is condensed.

In the one from the Troramel housing 1 'or generally from the dye container 1 line 2 leading to the condenser 3 is provided with a pressure relief valve 27 through which the weighted (in3chte Working pressure in the drum housing 1 or dye container 1 is adjustable. In this case, the condensate is passed through the pump 8, in the line 13 on the pump suction side expediently to provide a check valve 27a is. The solvent comes from the pump pressure side then via lines 12, 12a and 11 to the dyeing tank. Instead of the valve 27, as in Fig. 1, A pressure relief valve is provided in the vent line 9 3a. If work is to be carried out at atmospheric pressure, this is not necessary these valves. In addition, a pressure measuring device 71 is also provided, through which the pressure in the dye container or drum housing 1 'and the coolant supply 72 to the heat exchanger as a function of this pressure 3 'of the capacitor 3 is regulated.

The lines 12, 12a and 11 also serve, together with the ^{line part 26 which can be connected to the output of the drum housing 1 f} and can be connected to the pump suction side, to

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as is usually the case, during the staining process a in the circuit to promote. Here, the liquor cycle can also be in known way by setting the appropriate valves Be passed through the filter 28. At 29 is a still, with 30 denotes a solvent storage tank, from which the solvent, which then still the dye must be added, Filled via the pump 8 through the lines 12 and 12a into the drum or the drum housing will. A coarse filter 31 is connected upstream to protect the pump 8. The drum housing is used to heat the liquor 1 'is provided with a steam jacket 38. The liquor can optionally also be heated in one of the circulation lines by inserting a suitable heat exchanger.

Fig.3 shows a dyeing machine using an etoen case dye drum rotatable in a drum housing. Here again those parts of the system are their function corresponds to the preceding Figures 1 or 2, provided with the same reference numerals. Those lines which over-, predominantly liquid are shown by fully drawn lines, those lines which gases and Lead vapors are in this embodiment of the invention for the sake of clarity, dashed or broken lines are indicated.

Here, too, the developed in the drum housing 1 'arrives Solvent and, depending on the work process, also steam

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via line 2 after opening the shut-off valve 33 and with the overpressure valve 27 open to the input dea capacitora 3. The condensate flowing off via line 5 is opened depending on whether the valve 6, 7 and 16 is opened,

the
either / in the drum housing 1 'located liquor or the suction of the pump 8 or the Waaaerabscheider 34 supplied. The feed to the pump 8 takes place when the water content contained in the condensate must be present in the liquor in eroulgized form. As a result of the vigorous mechanical movement of the condensate in the pump 8, the water content in the solvent is very finely dispersed and can then be fed back to the liquor located in the drum housing 1f via the lines 12, 12a and 11. The water content can, however, also be separated from the solvent by feeding the condensate to the water separator 34. This measure is necessary when the water content in the system has to be removed in order to reach the boiling point of the pure solvent when the system is operated without pressure. The latter is then fed back from the water separator 34 · during the dyeing process of the liquor in the drum housing 1 · via the valve 35, while the valve 36 is closed. During the later drying process for the purpose of recovering the solvent still in the dyed material, the valve 35 is then, conversely, closed and the valve opened. By means of .des-; The flowmeter 37 determines the amount of solvent condensed per unit of time, and thereby the required drying time is determined. Alternatively, the end of the drying time can be determined by observing the flow of solvent in the sight glass 69.

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In the container 38 the Cheroikanlien additions are made. The solvent from the storage tank 30 is grounded in this container via the lines 39, 40, 41 (here the valves 42, 43 and 44 opened) by the pump 8 and the dye by opening the cover 45 and optionally water introduced. For a good view of the fleet is the Paint preparation tank 38 with an agitator 46 and one Steam jacket 47 is provided for heating the FTctte. The done set liquor is then after opening the valve 49 Hover the line 48 through the pump 8 either via the Lines 40 and 50 the liquor storage tank 51 and (in addition to valve 49, valves 43 and 53 are open) or via lines 12, 12a and 11 (open the valves 49 and 54) are then fed to the drum housing 1 'in which the textile material to be dyed is located.

During the subsequent dyeing process, the material to be dyed is moved mechanically in the liquor through the drum in the drum housing 1 ', the solvent vapors rising from the heated liquor, as already described, continuously being condensed and returned to the liquor. At the same time, the liquor is called in by the pump 8 via the lines 26, 12, 12a and 11 in the circuit. Here the valves 55 and 54 are open. In order to lead the circuit via the filter 28, the valves 56 and 57 are then opened instead of the valve 54. The amount of liquor in the drum housing 1 ' is indicated by the liquor level indicator.

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-ID-

Finally, the liquor is (the valves are open in this case 55 and 59) from the drum casing 1 ¹ by the pump 8 required for Destillierbehälter 29, can be discharged into the well, the contents of the filter 28, or in one of the storage tank 5 * 1 "52 pumped back. After the solvent used has run out of the drum housing, the goods are thrown off, which of course is not possible with a stationary dyeing apparatus, and the solvent that occurs is also pumped off. From the condensate obtained in the distillation in the condenser 60, the solvent fraction is separated off in the water separator 61 and fed to the storage tank 30 via the line 62.

Then with certain dyeing processes by opening the Valve 63 of a water line 64 coming from the outside Drum housing filled with water. By turning the In the drum, the textiles in it are rinsed in this aqueous wash liquor. At the same time, by loading of the steam jacket 32 heated the rinsing liquor to the azeotropic boiling point with steam, so that the Solvent residues from the textiles evaporate and then fed back to the tank 30 after condensation in the condenser 3 and separation in the water separator 34 can. The rinsing liquor is only then via line 65 removed from the drum housing 1 '. The one from the solvent freed, only water-moist goods in the drum housing 1 is finally thrown and can then out of the Trororoel housing " can be removed. After venting the goods through

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When the fresh air flap 70 is opened, it can be removed from the dyeing device dry. If, on the other hand, no water has been filled into the drum, then, after opening the closure caps 23 and 24 with the aid of the fan 19 and the air heater 20, a stream of warm air is passed through the drum housing 1 'via the air ducts 21 and 22, with the air flow coming from the drum housing 1 'entrained solvent vapors are condensed in the condenser 3 and fed to the water separator 34 until the solvent throughflow in the flowmeter 37 has fallen below a certain minimum value. As in FIG. 2, the air tubes 21 and 22 are connected to the drum housing 1 '. They are not completely drawn in in FIG. 3 merely for the sake of clarity.

In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG provided, also the paint container 38 and the coarse filter 31, both of which also contain portions of the dye liquor, after opening the valve 66 via the lines 67 and 68 to the condenser inlet for the purpose of recovering the from To connect the liquor escaping solvent vapors. If necessary, the liquor storage tanks can also be used in the same way 51 and 52 by such additional connecting lines can be connected to the condenser inlet if the liquors are preheated in 51 and 52, for example should be. It is also possible in the embodiment according to FIG. 3, as in FIG. 2, a device for Measurement of the pressure in the drum housing 1 'provided by

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the coolant supply depending on the measured pressure regulated to the heat exchanger 3 'of the condenser 3 can be.

FIG. 4 shows another variant of FIG. 2, which differs from this differs in that the connecting line 2 * uf the opposite side of the condenser 3 or heat exchanger 3'f that is in the area of the condenser outlet connected. This allows the closure members to shut off the condenser inlet and outlet and for separation of the LuftkreislRUf3yatema are not applicable. An undesirable one Recondensation of solvents in the air shaft is prevented by the heat generated by the air heater 20. The penetrating through the heat exchanger 3 ' Gases are freed from the solvent, so that the Air still present on the other side of the heat exchanger via the air connected to the vent line 9 additional Entliiftungsleitung 9 ', in which the adjustable Pressure relief valve 10 'is located, can escape. The other parts of the system not shown in Pig. 4 correspond to those of Fig.2 and are therefore for reasons of Clarity "is not shown again.

The invention achieves that the to be colored Textile goods with a constantly constant amount of liquor and liquor composition, i.e. largely constant Dyeing conditions is treated. Unwanted water

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know proportions are removed. Undesired overpressure is avoided. Because of the constant amount of liquor, the degree of mechanical stress remains the same Textiles largely constant. When using chemical cleaning machines There is also the further advantage that not only the winding, but also the drying of the dyed Textile goods can be made in one and the same container. The invention also provides the The advantage that with her, since the water content can be easily removed or kept at a constant value, always the required door temperature can be reached at constant pressure, which is completely the case with what has been customary up to now closed systems such as HT dyeing machines was previously not possible. In addition to the advantage of constant working conditions the device according to the invention can also be made relatively cheap, since no pressure vessel is required. As already mentioned, the container holding the material to be dyed and the liquor does not necessarily have to be in the form of a dyeing drum have, but can also be used in any other known manner, ZtB. as an HT dyeing machine, as a reel vat or jigger, as a bobbin or tree dyeing machine or dig. be trained. The invention is therefore not limited to the examples shown are limited.

Patent claims:

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Claims (18)

PATENT CLAIMS 1 «) Process for dyeing textiles, pastes. Or the like. in a dye liquor using a non-ro it water-miscible solvent, its specific Weight is greater than 1 and which forms azeotropic mixtures with water, characterized in that that the vapors escaping from the liquor are captured and condensed during the dyeing process be, and that the condensate obtained therefrom continuously during the dyeing process of the liquor is completely or partially fed back. 2.) The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the obtained from the vapors Condensate is fed back into the liquor without being broken down into its phases. - II - 009852/1288 Telegr .: TedinlVral Augsburg - Telefortfesprldie require the written confirmation · Spredzeit only after agreement Account 059113 SUdtsparicasse Augsburg - Account 1317 Försl-Fugger-Bank AugsburgPostsdiedclconto 96333 Munich BATH 3.) The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the condensate in a water separator broken down into its phases and then, after separating the water component, the solvent component is fed back into the fleet. 4-.) The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized geke η η - 'ζ eich ^li net that the undecomposed condensate is passed through a pump or a corresponding emulsifying device before being returned to the liquor. 5.) Method according to claim 1 or the following, characterized gekennzeichn et that when the The gas pressure produced by the liquor when the atmospheric vent is closed by an adjustable overpressure safety device open to the atmosphere and / or by Regulation of the cooling capacity of a condenser condensing the vapors regulated to a certain value will. 6.) Method according to claim 1, characterized in that that after draining the dye liquor, the material to be dyed is dried by means of air circulation until the one contained therein Solvent content is largely removed and condensed, whereupon regardless of the im Part of the water still contained in the material to be dyed, the air circulation is canceled. - III -009852 / 1288 BAD ORiGfNAl. ,,. " 7.) Method according to claim 1 or the following, characterized in that after draining the dye liquor surround the material to be dyed with water and then the water is heated until the Any remaining solution has evaporated and condensed. 8.) Device Bor '"implementation of the method according to Claim 1 or following, consisting of at least one dye container for receiving textiles or Like. And a line system with a pump for conveying the dye liquor, characterized in that, that the container (1.1 *) via a line (2) with a condenser (3) can be connected, the condensate drain (4 »5) of which can be connected to the container (1,1 ') is. . ' 9.) Device according to claim 8, characterized in that the condensate drain (4> 5) with the suction side of the pump (8) can be connected, the pressure side can be connected directly to the dye container (1,1 ·) 10 ») Device according to claim 8 and 9, g e k e η η ζ e i ch net by interlocking locking devices (6.7), through the condensate) run (4.5) either directly or via the pump (8) to the dyeing tank (1.1) connectable iät. - IV "009852/1288 11.) Device according to claim 8 or the following, characterized in that the line (2) ZUTi condenser (3) further dye liquor moving ! Containers (31 »38) can be connected. 12.) Device according to claim 8 or the following, characterized in that the capacitor (3) with the outside atmosphere, preferably ^! J via a pressure relief valve (10). 13.) Device according to claim 8 or the following, characterized characterized that the cooling capacity of the condenser is adjustable, depending on the gas pressure in the dye container (1.1 ·). 14.) Apparatus according to claim 8 or the following, characterized in that the dye container (1 ¹ ) is connected to an air circulation system, consisting of a via a fan (19) to the input of a LuftkMhlers (3) moving air shaft (22) and one from Cooler outlet Via an air heater (20) back to the further air shaft (21) moving to the dye container (1 V). 15.) Apparatus according to claim 14, characterized geke η η ζ ei ch η et that at least one of the air shafts serves as a connecting line between the dye container and the condenser, wherein closure members (17, 24, 25) are provided for shutting off not to be used Leltuncsteilen. 0 09_852 / 1288 16.) Device according to claim 14, characterized in that the LuftkreislaufayatetD by closure members (17,18) from the dye container (1 ¹ ) can be separated, and that a special connecting line (2) between the dye container (1 ') and Capacitor is provided. ' 17.) Device according to claim 14, characterized in that g e k e η η. shows that the condensate drain (4,5) of the Air cooler (3) optionally with a water separator (3 »4) or with the dye container (T-I) - directly or can be connected via pump (8). 18.) Device according to claim 8 or the following, characterized in that a chemical cleaning machine is provided as the dyeing device, in which the condensate drain (4,5) of a condenser (3) connectable to "the cleaning drum" to the drum housing (1 ¹ ) directly or can be connected via a pump (8). Dr.P.Walter and Dipl.-Ing * Ernicke patent attorneys 009852/1288 ι * Blank page