DE1924418A1 - Method and device for manufacturing metal products - Google Patents

Description

Method and device for manufacturing products from metal.

The invention relates to the manufacture of metal products.

It has been known for many years that it is advantageous to combine solid particles of the metal in question to produce thin strips of various metals rather than providing solid bars or the like and reducing the cross-section of the material to the desired dimensions} in the art The so-called powder metallurgy has meanwhile developed extensive specialist literature. Although the direct rolling of powdered materials into strip-shaped products is basically a simple process, numerous difficulties arise in practice, and although extensive attempts have been made to solve the tasks at hand, metal strips have not yet been rolled into one considerable volume produced using this process. The difficulties mentioned also include the limitations imposed on the speed at which the powder can be fed into the rolling device; these restrictions are due to air leakage and other factors. Furthermore, the

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friscii hergi barked Streifsn relatively fragile, so that her HaiHluafcuiig causes difficulties. According to an alternative In the method of rolling powder, a binder is used, but in this case too, additional binders result Difficulties arise from the fact that the binder must first be added to the powder and then during the subsequent Further processing to be removed again,

It has now been found that you have an excellent Quality metal products with certain profile shapes continuously or in the form of long sections at relative thin cross-section, e.g. in the form of strips or tubes, can be produced by using a molten metal on a base in such a way that a coherent layer is created, which is later removed from the base is removed · There is an important feature of the invention that the desired porosity and the desired mechanical properties or strength properties of the finished metal product can be obtained by deforming the deposited metal in the hot state after the metal particles have formed a coherent layer when they are still hot. Surprisingly, it did shown that the "fresh" layer, which is formed on the substrate by a fusion or agglomeration of metal parts - Chen forms, has sufficient strength and suppleness so that it is in the form of a self-supporting product can be separated from the substrate, even if the layer is still on the one for the hot deformation required temperature. This fact proves to be particularly advantageous because it is an important one Method according to the invention for processing metal documents are used, the thickness of which with the thickness of the Metal layer is comparable, and which e.g. form an endless belt; in this case a hot deformation of the is still In contact with the metal standing in contact with the base is practically impossible, since this deforms the base and finally would be destroyed »

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According to the invention, a metal is thereby profiled Products of great length with relatively small cross-sectional area processed that the metal in the molten State is applied to a base, and that then the shaped metal product is separated from the base is} for this purpose a jet of molten metal particles atomized with the aid of gas is applied to a surface guided and caused by a fusion of the particles to form a coherent layer that is still hot State is subjected to hot deformation; this hot deformation takes place either before or after the layer is removed from a non-deformable base or, after separating the layer, from a deformable base

Furthermore, the invention provides devices for making metal products of great length with a relatively small cross-sectional area, comprising a chamber provided with a device by means of which a stream of molten metal particles atomized by means of a gas is generated and within the chamber such a non-deformable or deformable pad is applied so that the coalescence of the particles to the formation of a continuous layer leads \ further comprises a device according to the invention a further device, by means of which the one layer produced as required before or after their separation from the substrate and in yet hot state can be subjected to hot deformation, as well as a device for pulling the layer produced from the chamber.

Preferably, the support is moved relative to the device for supplying the particles, so that on the support a coherent layer of metallic material is deposited.

When using the method according to the invention, metal products can be produced directly from a molten metal Metal can be produced in such a way that one can use the methods used up to now in the lethal industry

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Pouring and can do without reducing the cross-section. The methods described in more detail below make it possible a molten metal obtained from an ore by smelting or otherwise directly into strips, tubes and to process other profiles.

Although the inventive method allows the production of products with the most varied cross-sectional shapes, but it should be noted that the method in particular for Production of strips or ribbons, tubes, rods or the like is suitable, which has the usual cross-sectional shape According to the invention one can have metals in elemental Use form or in the form of alloys or metal compounds «. More precisely, the method according to the invention permits the processing of refractory materials including ferrous metals and alloys, e.g. Carbon steels and alloy steels as well as the most diverse Non-ferrous metals or non-ferrous alloys including nickel, copper and aluminum from layers built-up associations or so-called composite materials such as those with layers of aluminum and copper, of copper, Aluminum and copper, or made of copper, iron and copper, or made of iron and copper, or made of iron and brass, or of iron and aluminum or of aluminum and brass or of stainless steel and iron or of aluminum and iron as well Nickel and iron can be produced in such a way that atomized particles of the substances concerned are obtained one after the other applies to a pad; these products according to the invention show in comparison with known processes manufactured composites, the layers of which tend to separate from each other during processing, excellent stability, also it is possible to reinforce to arrange materials or other materials between successive layers and then to compact them.

When composite materials are to be created using additional substances that are only under

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Difficulties can be fed in together with the main liquid flow, these additional substances or components can be conducted separately onto the substrate, either simultaneously or one after the other, so that the additional component is combined with the deposited layer and together with it forms a composite material These composite materials include Z ₀ B ₀ those made using lead, which cannot be mixed with numerous other metals in the molten state, and using ceramic materials, e.g. finely powdered metal oxides. These compounds can be used separately or together with the atomized liquid metal are sprayed onto the substrate so that they form a coherent layer. In the case of metals, e.g. "with lead, the spray jet can either glow or consist of powder particles." or are added separately, are to be partially or completely oriented in a certain direction, this effect can be achieved by allowing the spray jet containing the additive to strike the base at an obtuse angle. "If fibers are to be embedded in metals, the desired orientation can be achieved by spraying the surface of the pad at an obtuse angle in the running direction of the pad

According to the invention it is also possible without difficulty to produce composite materials which have local differences with regard to their metallic composition; this includes Z ₀ B ₀ materials in which one of the adjacent surface sections has a different composition in succession and Z ₀ B ₀ consist alternately of two different metals.

In this way it is possible to produce "twin" metals, e.g. copper at one end and * at the other

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Ends are made of steel, and where these ends are connected by a transition section, if such a connection or transition point is created by allowing the spray jets to overlap, whereupon the material is rolled, it is found that such a transition point is due to the great length of the interface has a very high strength. Accordingly, it is possible to use any number of combinations of different metals and alloys, _etc.

The molten material can be atomized by any suitable gaseous medium or partly by mechanical means and partly by gas, for example "by means of an atomizer of the rotating bowl and gas jet type" The use of nitrogen, hydrogen or others Chemically neutral or reducing gases are preferred, since there is only minimal oxidation of the metallic components. Although nitrogen or mixtures of nitrogen and hydrogen are preferably used, numerous other gases and gas mixtures that can be obtained at low costs and are available in plentiful quantities can also be used use, provided that the gases are not contaminated and do not contain free oxygen. that the product is carburized or decarburized to the extent necessary. Air can then be used when a certain amount of oxidation of the material is allowed, or if it is possible, in a hydrogen atmosphere to produce a product having the desired properties using a post-treatment under reducing conditions, z "B _o" The supply of regulated air or amounts of oxygen are found to be advantageous when fine metal oxide particles are to be incorporated into the product. For example, with the help of this measure it is possible to produce strips from an aluminum alloy in which small amounts of Al ₂ O, are dispersed.

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fen then show a dispersion hardening effect and an inhibition of grain growth. that the particles tend to adopt the shape of a sphere rather than an irregular shape _e. Such spherical particles are plastically deformed when they hit the base and they flow together more easily to form a coherent layer _e

The atomized material can be dispensed through a nozzle built into its wall of the chamber, and into the It is common practice to use several nozzles that are spaced longitudinally and transversely with respect to the base. Alternatively, a jet of atomized particles can be created using a high pressure gas called the a thin film consisting of a liquid metal is atomized as the PiIm moves over a weir or emerges from a slot extending over the entire width of the pad.

The pressure prevailing in all parts of the chamber becomes preferably kept at a value slightly exceeding the pressure of the atmosphere in order to prevent the undesired occurrence of To prevent air from entering the chamber.

If strip-shaped materials are to be created, For example, the base may be formed by an endless belt, provided that the applied layer is in front of the belt the deformation of the material is removed; alternatively, a rotating drum can be used as a base if tubular profiles are to be produced, the base be designed in the form of a rotatable mandrel ..

The substrate receiving the particles should have such a surface that the particles are not or not particularly firmly adhere to it, because the manufactured product must be able to be separated again from the base. Deformable sub

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Layers, that is to _say those which consist of materials which are plastically deformed or broken under the conditions under which the hot deformation of the deposited layer takes place, can for example be made of ceramic or glass-like materials or of asbestos and of endless metal strips existing documents include. Non-deformable pads are usually made of metal, and in this context it should be noted that pads made of steel or copper are particularly useful. If necessary, a release agent can be used in conjunction with both of these types of support. The surface condition of the substrate plays an important role, and w. the surface should not be too smooth, because if it is too smooth it becomes more difficult to deposit the coherent layer initially produced on the substrate, if one uses a surface of suitable roughness and a suitable speed of the gas and the particles composed If the current is selected, a primary layer with suitable properties is built up, and then the speed at which the current impinges on the substrate can be increased.

If the process is in the form of performed a continuous process, certain difficulties from the need may arise that the deposited metal layer F is continuously withdrawn from the zone in which it is produced initially "If one continuously draws Z ₀ B, pipes down or if flat products or simple open profiles are continuously transported further in a horizontal direction, it can be seen that a faulty product is obtained, since parts of the precipitate initially generated temporarily adhere to the base and that the product is lifted off the Underlay in the mentioned zones leads to the occurrence of breaks in the material.

According to a further feature of the invention, the method is carried out continuously, and the base on which the metal layer is created is moved in a straight line,

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and a reciprocating movement parallel to it is superimposed on this movement. The course of this reciprocating movement can be varied within wide limits, but the substrate is preferably moved in its direction of travel at a relatively low speed along a short distance in the Moved forward direction, after which it is moved at a comparatively higher speed in the reverse direction until one work cycle is completed is moved downwards along a distance of about 25 mm at a speed of about 3.20 m / min, after which the base is moved upwards at a speed of about 9.2 m / min to complete the work cycle. In some cases it may prove necessary to use a release agent, ζ.Β _β suspended in an oil base Gr aphit to use, and this release agent can be applied continuously in the form of a thin film on the top of the pad

Flat products and pipes, which are produced by depositing material on the inside of a base enclosing the material, can easily be separated from the base by simply pulling it out; however, when layers are applied to a mandrel-shaped backing, it can be difficult to peel the product from the mandrel because it will shrink unless the mandrel is easily tapered. In most cases it will be about a taper 2 % is sufficient. Continuously produced pipes can be cut into sections of the desired length with the help of an overhung saw after they have cooled in the chemically neutral or reducing atmosphere to such a temperature that the oxidation which then occurs on contact with the ambient air is not harmful Effects leads.

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In the production of metal strips, excellent results can be achieved with layer thicknesses of up to about 12.5 mm and in particular in the range of layer thicknesses of about 0.25 to 9.5 mm if the dimensions of the particles are of the order of magnitude of z _o B _e 0.020 to about 0.200 mm. The porosity of the layers obtained in this way is usually of the order of 15 % to 20%, and the layers are fairly coherent and firm, and they can easily be peeled from the substrate while still hot and then subjected to hot deformation. The fact that the deposited metal is composed of very fine particles not only avoids the difficulties normally associated with segregation of the constituents, it also makes an excellent starting material for the manufacture of superplastic alloys cool and so to ensure that the layer where it is separated from the substrate is self-supporting to a sufficient extent} however, in many cases such cooling is not necessary since the temperature of the deposited layer is controlled by the regulation of the amount of the Chamber supplied atomizing gas can be regulated _o

The layer produced is normally separated from the substrate before it is rolled or rolled on while it is warm another way is compacted, because here the temperature can equalize within the thickness of the layer; with some however, of the embodiments of the invention described below, this is not necessary for most Metals it is desirable that the "fresh" strip until it reaches the gap between the rolls or the corresponding Part of a different compression device from a chemically neutral or reducing gaseous one Atmosphere "stayed. For this purpose one can use the cam- * Always train them in such a way that they extend up to the compression device extends. In practice, it is also preferably ensured that the metal of the compacted or rolled strip

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fens, which leaves the roll stand, is only exposed to a minimal degree of oxidation during the subsequent treatment steps. Normally the rolled strip should not be porous and if the pores of the deposited layer are to be closed a relatively large reduction in area is required. Usually the reduction in area is 10 to 60 % _t and, for example, when deforming in the hot state, a reduction in area of about 30 % is required. As used herein, the term "v / lean deformation" refers to any process in which plastic deformation of a metal is effected at a temperature above the recrystallization temperature, which is usually 0.4 to 0.5 times the melting temperature measured in the absolute temperature scale.

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The top surface of the layer is often relatively rough} if you compare it with the area that was adjacent to the base, and this fact can also be reflected after the deformation affect the surface quality when warm. The surface quality can be improved if the layer produced on the substrate is applied before it is compacted provides a coating in the form of a thin layer of a metal powder »The metal powder can then get into the irregularities the original surface are rolled in, so that an excellent surface quality is achieved. Alternatively, you can create a strip, the flatnesses of which have similar properties, by connecting several Layers are created on a base and these layers are then welded together under the action of heat and pressure. The method can also be used to produce strips the thickness of which is greater than the thickness of a easily producible single layer, and in this case the flat sides of the strip need not have similar properties. "

The method can be conveniently applied by using the Deposited metallic or metal-containing layers passes between two rollers while they are still hot. on

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In this way it is possible to combine the work steps for welding and for compacting the layers into a single one To unite work step

In a preferred process according to the invention in which this feature is provided, the process becomes continuous carried out, and the metallic or «metal-containing Material is placed on two supports in the form of drums, tubular rings or rollers that are in opposite directions Rotate directions, applied »The so generated Layers are peeled off from both substrates, usually from a chemically neutral or reducing one P atmosphere are surrounded, and one ensures that the layers unite in the gap between two rollers, so that the two surfaces formed during the spraying process are brought into congruence with one another, while the two the Adjacent surfaces form the outer surfaces of the finished material. The effect of the rollers here is to that the two layers are welded and compressed by applying pressure, so that one single strip received.

An alternative method is to bring the two layers together on the rotating supports or supports in the form of drums, tubular rings or rollers ψ so that they are welded together by the applied pressure before the outer surfaces of the single one produced by the welding Be separated from the documents. The advantage of this method is that the strip can be detached particularly easily from the surrounding documents, and that doctor blades only need to be provided in order to prevent the material from accidentally sticking to the documents.

These methods offer the advantage that they make it possible to produce layered dressings or so-called laminates to 'produce that one or more different metals on each of the rotating bases before the Welding and compaction applies, also allow it

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these methods, between the two layers reinforcement materials or other substances, e.g. a metal or a Strips of a non-metallic material, or an additional metal spray or a metal powder to be arranged, whereupon the two layers together with these Materials to be compacted «Accordingly, it is possible to find suitable release agents' and connections between the two Provide layers to prevent the layers from welding together within certain parts of the strip »These Release agents can be made from paper or other materials according to a certain pattern and serve to to prevent the layers from welding together. The parts that are not welded to one another can be subjected to compression or after further treatment steps have been carried out of the strip pneumatically or hydraulically inflated or separated from each other, so that in the Strips of interconnected tubular or other cavities develop. A stiffened strip-like material can be created by placing between the layers in front of them Entering the gap between the compaction rollers a honeycomb material or a corrugated material or something else Stiffening material arranged

Thin-walled tubes can only be produced with particularly great difficulty and high cost with the aid of known processes, while the process according to the invention enables excellent results to be achieved in this field. A rotating mandrel can be used as a base or carrier for the production of pipes _o In order to ensure the creation of a uniform metal layer, the atomization flow is moved along the mandrel, but it is also possible to move the mandrel in relation to the flow or jet. under which the material is deposited, and the properties of the layer are similar to those in the production of a strip-shaped material already described. After the mandrel has been pulled, the material is compacted while hot, and this can be done by forging or using a

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Tube rolling happens while the material is still is in a protective atmosphere, or while it is at a suitable temperature in the event of its contact with air. Of the The compression process also leads to an increase in the inside diameter of the pipe, so that the pipe can easily be removed from the mandrel A pipe produced in this way can then be treated by known methods, e.g. reheating in a protective atmosphere if a Sintering should take place, or by annealing, before the material is fed to further processing.

When the process be carried out continuously w must, it may prove difficult to extract the mandrels from the tubes after the material has been sprayed, or after the sprayed-on material has been compacted. In this case, the process can be carried out by directing atomized particles of a molten metallic or metalliferous material onto a support comprising a plurality of mandrels connected end-to-end which are rotated so that the applied material forms a coherent layer . The process is preferably carried out continuously, and the mandrels are fed through a equipped with nozzles for introducing the metal chamber, "The chamber may _o be provided with one or more nozzles in order to ensure a high production rate, it is expedient to provide a plurality of nozzles can be inclined relative to the mandrels in the longitudinal direction as well as arranged radially. A radial or almost radial arrangement of two or more nozzles proves to be particularly useful, because the impact of the particle streams on the mandrels causes the particles to spread within a narrow annular zone of high spray density along the mandrel deflect in a manner still to be described, in order to increase the density of the spray jet hitting the mandrel and to ensure that only a small proportion of the ejected particles is lost «. The individual mandrels can be screwed or other devices at each end.

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be provided obligations, so that they can connect end to end on the inlet side of the spray chamber and the mandrels can be mounted rotatably ₀ After emerging from the spray chamber, d _e ho after the deposition of the metal on the mandrels move the Mandrels through a short passage directly to the densification device. In general, it is desirable to maintain a chemically neutral or reducing atmosphere in the tunnel prior to densification in order to prevent oxidation of the metal

The mandrels provided with a coating pass through the compression device while they are still hot Way can be designed as a tube or bar rolling device. After the compaction of the material you can Separate the mandrels in question and remove the pipe from pull the thorns off "

The method according to the invention also permits the production of pipes made up of layers without difficulty. Pipes which were coated on the inside and / or on the outside with different metals were produced using the same material combinations as for strips in the same way that before compacting of the material successively a spray or a metal powder was applied to the area concerned · in addition, it is, by building up a thicker layer of the coating or cladding metal at the ends to produce _o example, steel pipes, the m-it are lined copper, and where the ends are made of solid copper "

The invention and advantageous details of the invention are in the following on the basis of schematic drawings several exemplary embodiments explained in more detail.

Fig. 1 shows a device according to the invention for producing metal strips in longitudinal section,

FIG. 2 is a cross section taken along line II-II in FIG Fig. 1.

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3 shows, in a vertical section, a device for the continuous production of metal pipes by applying material to the inner surface of a support _{β which surrounds the pipe and which can be moved upwards and downwards}

Fig. 4 shows in longitudinal section a device according to the invention for the continuous production of metal strips by applying material to two rotating pipe or ring parts <=

FIG. 5 shows a detail of FIG. 5 in a partial section Device according to FIG. 4.

Fig. 6 is a longitudinal section through a device for continuous production of metal strips, in which material is applied to two rotating drums, then from is withdrawn from the drums and finally compacted with the help of rollers «,

Fig. 7 shows in longitudinal section an inventive, semi-continuous device for producing metal pipes by applying material to mandrels.

Fig. 8 is a longitudinal section through part of an apparatus for producing metal strips by application of material on a single rotating drum made of metal.

9 to 15 each show different sections Devices for deflecting the metal spray in the Production of material in the form of narrow strips, bars or tubes.

In the device according to FIGS. 1 and 2, the 'base on which the metal coating is to be applied is an endless belt 1 made of stainless steel, which is driven counterclockwise by rollers 2 and 3 _e the upper one. The strand of the strip 1 runs from right to left over support rollers 4 and moves below a water-cooled atomizer chamber structure made of mild steel. The walls 6 and 7 of the atomizer chamber 5 form a rectangular one

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Housing in which the material is atomized and sprayed o The belt 1 runs with its upper strand through sealing devices built into the front wall 6 and the rear wall 7 of the chamber and at the same time forms the bottom of the atomizing chamber 3 o

The top wall or ceiling 8 of the atomization chamber 5 has two inlet openings, the edges of which are cooled by water jackets 9, and which are designed so that an annular nozzle 10 for dispensing nitrogen can be provided in each case «. The nitrogen is supplied via a main line 11 supplied, to which distribution lines 12 connect, which extend above the ceiling of the chamber 5 and supply the nitrogen to the nozzles 10 via connecting pipes 13. Further gas lines extend from the Distribution lines in the form of pipes 14, 15 and 16 too the chamber and are arranged so that they generate 5 gas curtains on the end walls or the side walls of the chamber, the "Prevent metal from adhering to these walls" The side walls 17 and 17a of the chamber 5 protrude over the endless belt 1 down and terminate at outlet openings 18 and 18a, respectively, through which the excess nitrogen and the excess ejected metal · can escape. A nitrogen outlet pipe 19 is built into the ceiling 8 of the chamber

Above the atomization chamber 5 is a refractory Material lined container 20 for liquid metal supported, at the bottom of which two outlets protruding downwards are formed, the lower ends of which are shaped precisely to match the nozzles 10. Furthermore, plugs are not shown provided, by means of which the outlets 21 can be closed when the container 20 is not in use, and for this purpose serve to regulate the speed of the outflow of the metal from the container,

With the atomization chamber 5 is on their in the direction of travel the wall facing the endless belt creates a treatment chamber 22 connected, which appropriately forms an extension of the chamber 5 and as a water-cooled construction made of river »-

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The chamber 22 comprises a feed container 23 for a metal powder, which is built into the upper wall of the chamber, and along the circumference of the outlet of the container 23 extends an annular channel 24, the nitrogen via a downward extension 25 of the Distribution line 12 can be supplied _o Furthermore, the chamber is provided with a nitrogen outlet 26 and deflectors 27 to hold back free metal powder particles in the chamber 22. Shielded or protected thickness gauges 28 are provided where the upper strand of the endless belt 1 emerges from the atomization chamber 5

™ The aftertreatment chamber 22 extends .to the

Gap between two rolls 29 of a roll stand in order to place the metal strip to be produced in a protective nitrogen atmosphere to keep locked up. A scraper 30 is arranged in the immediate vicinity of the front drive roller 2 and serves to pull the fresh strips from the belt 1 take off; moreover, a plurality of transport rollers 31 are small in size Diameter is provided which guide the product lifted off the belt 1 to the gap between the rollers 29.

Figo 3 shows a further device according to the invention with a stationary head 40, which is in a tubular, a . Underlay forming carrier 41 fits, which can be moved vertically up and down with the help of a bracket part 42. In a central opening of the head 40, a blower atomizer with a rotatable atomizer bowl is installed, which is an in Bearing 44 running rotatable singing part 43 comprises, the Einteil 43 is with a widening at the lower end tubular Covering made of fireproof material. Nitrogen can be supplied to the ring part 43 via a fixed distribution line 46, the stationary head 40 includes an outlet for the nitrogen. The molten metal is fed into the axial channel of the atomizer from a storage pan 48 »

The carrier, which can be moved vertically up and down, is formed by a bellows 49 with a stationary tubular

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lower part 50 of the device connected to the Nitrogen inlet 51 and a nitrogen outlet 52 are provided is.

In operation of the device, liquid metal flows from the reservoir 4-8 through the atomizer and out at the expanding lower end of the liner 4-5, the metal encountering a nitrogen stream exiting from the ring member 43 which causes the liquid metal is sprayed to the outside against the carrier 4-1, on the inside, it forms a continuous or _e seamless tubular layer "During the ejection of the metal, the carrier 4-1 is moved vertically upwards and downwards, so that finally a layer in Form of a solid, self-supporting pipe that is continuously pulled out of the lower end of the devicec After pulling out of the device, the pipe is rolled on its inside in the hot state and then with the help of a non-illustrated, overhung saw into sections with the desired Disassembled length »

Pig, 4- and 5 show a further arrangement according to the invention, in which the liquid metal and the nitrogen are supplied via nozzles 61 and the atomized metal on in the through Arrows indicated in the direction of circumferential rings 62 made of steel is knocked down. The metal low clips on the two Rings meet at point 63 where two hydraulically loaded Rollers 64- apply the pressure that causes the two metal layers are welded together and plastically deformed, so that a single strip 65 is formed. the Rollers 64- become better known with the aid of a drive device Art driven and generate the torque required to rotate the two rings 62. The rings are additionally through four rollers 66 guided and supported, and the nozzle chambers are floating, so that the rings at an increase their temperature can expand unhindered. Furthermore, two scrapers or knives 7 are provided to ensure that the resulting stripe is not on the rings

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The hangings are made by Yifass jets applied at 68 cooled to operating temperature, kept clean by brushing 69 and dried by air currents fed in at 70 « The nitrogen and the excess powdery material escaping from the main chambers 71 are over Collectors 72 discharged »Additional nitrogen is fed in via inlets 73 in order to further cool the To cause precipitation on the rings and the cooling chamber 74 to be kept largely free of the metal powder. Both the Manifolds 72 and the cooling chamber 74- are designed so that they are along the circumference of the rings 62 and on Create a seal on the back. The gases escape from the cooling chamber 74 via outlets 75, if necessary a reinforcement material or other material is fed in where the layers produced on the rings are at 63 be merged; for this purpose you can get a. Provide opening. The diameter of the rings 62 can, for example, be between about 3 m and about 9 m, so that in the manufacture of the strip 65 a high production output is achieved.

6 shows a further embodiment of a device according to the invention which is similar in many respects to the device according to FIGS. 4 and 5. The application of the metal particles proceeds in a similar manner, but the particles are applied to the peripheral surfaces of two large, counter-rotating drums. The precipitates or the layers are lifted from the drums with the aid of knives 78 and brought together at 79, where two rollers 80 of a hot rolling stand weld the two layers together and plastically deform them. The rollers 80 are driven at a speed adapted to the peripheral speed of the drums 77. A short tunnel 81 creates a seal between the drums and rollers to prevent air from reaching the strips before they are welded together. In all other points this device is similar to that described with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5; a reinforcement material or any other material can be supplied to the device via an opening 82.

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I ¹ Ig ₀ 7 shows a further embodiment of a device according to the invention, in which the liquid metal and the nitrogen under high pressure are supplied to atomizing nozzles 91 which are all distributed at distances from the mandrel} the metal is on a mandrel 92 with The nitrogen and the excess powder are discharged via an outlet 93. The mandrel is opposite the chamber 94 in the forward direction by clamping devices 95 and. 96 moves, which are freely rotatable, but if necessary can be attached to a chain, not shown, which moves continuously in the direction of movement of the mandrel »In the arrangement according to FIG. 7 , the clamping device 95 would be connected to the chain while the connection would be loosened between the clamp 96 and the chain *

The coated mandrel moves through the chamber 94 and then through a short tunnel 97 of the short ends in front of a roller burnishing device 98, by means of which the coating is compacted, the inner diameter being increased at the same time of the tube enlarged somewhat so that the tube can be pulled off the mandrel. Tunnel 97 ensures that the pipe produced up to its exit from the smoothing roller ζ device 98 by a chemically neutral or reducing Atmosphere remains surrounded · The roller burnishing device rotates the interconnected mandrels in such a way that the The mandrels fed in via a roller table 99 are automatically screwed together and on the entry side of the device be firmly connected to each other. In a similar way a mandrel can be clamped on another roller table after leaving the device, so that the threaded connection is released with the adjacent mandrel. So that the connection points between neighboring thorns also despite the presence of the coating in the form of a tube is easier can be seen, each mandrel is indicated in FIG. 7 at 101 Way slightly tapered along a short section. The advantage of this procedure is not only in that the position of the connection points between the mandrel

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sections is clearly recognizable, but that the applied Material is not compacted at these junctions either. Therefore the coating can be easily removed, so that the tube can be withdrawn from the mandrel without difficulty. According to FIG. 7, two ball bearings 102 are provided, which fit loosely on the mandrels so that the mandrels are freely rotatable and held in their coaxial position. After use, the mandrels are cooled down and brought back to the entry side of the device.

In the arrangement shown in Fig. S is the base on which a. Metal strip is to be produced, a

Drivable metal drum 110 rotating counterclockwise. Above the drum there is an atomization chamber with spray nozzles 112. Beyond the atomization chamber there is a small roller 113, the circumferential speed of which is the same as that of the drum or lower than the latter. This small roller is supported on the drum and the difference between the peripheral speeds makes it easier for the strip produced to be lifted off the drum by a knife 114. The drum and the roller are partially sealed off from a channel 115 which surrounds the strip in a nitrogen atmosphere holds _t until it passes between the rollers 116 and is wound onto a roll 117.

An important feature of the method according to the invention consists in regulating the distribution of the spray jets in the spray chamber by means of suitable deflection devices · Next The use of gas curtains to deflect the spray from the walls of the chamber and towards the Discussed the prevention of accumulation of material. Furthermore, the use of appropriately inclined Mentioned spray jets. The distribution of the spray jets can be further influenced by additional gas flows generated or provided in a suitable manner arranged surfaces that are at a relatively small angle against the direction of flight of the Particles are inclined.

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Furthermore, the distribution can be changed by generating magnetic fields with the help of suitable magnetic coils, by which the particles are deflected during flight. Such a measure is of course only with ferrous and certain non-ferrous metals applicable »

A particularly important way of applying the basic idea of deflecting the particles during flight, results in a so-called "injection molding process" for producing narrow strips, rods or rods in contrast to the more common "overmolding process" for making wide strips. In this case, the document or the carrier has a profile corresponding to the desired cross section, and the particles contained in the spray jet are deflected so that they hit the profiled zone. In this way, the spray jet is directed to the desired area concentrated, which reduces material losses a greater thickness of the precipitate is obtained, and the production speed can be increased. 9 shows a partial section in the plane of the axis of rotation of a Hades of a device comprising two wheels which the particles of the spray jet through stationary smooth water-cooled surfaces are distracted. Fig. 10 also shows in section a part of a device with two wheels, which makes it possible to produce a circular rod by having two halves, of which only one in FIG is shown; are united by a rolling process. In this case a Venturi effect is brought about by that the deflecting walls form a narrow passage so that there is a large density where it is required of the spray jet is achieved. Part of the Dräger gas is returned to the top of the venturi tube, from where the gas flows out again over the walls deflecting the particles.

Fig. 11 is a longitudinal section and Fig. 12 is a vertical Partial section through a device comprising only one wheel

90984-7 / 0717

the movable deflector 120 independently of the had to rotate its axis · The speed of rotation of the deflector can be the same as that of the wheel or move away from it the latter differ, and the deflectors can point in the same direction as the wheel or in the opposite direction Rotate direction «This arrangement offers the advantage that the deflector according to FIG. 11 at 121 and 122 is cooled and can be cleaned.

A further construction according to the invention for concentrating a spray jet is shown in Figure "13, which in a partial section of a device with two wheels for manufacturing a rod of a diamond-shaped cross section under use of individual nozzles zeigto The sectional area of Fig., The axis containing the one wheel _e Further recognizes two rotatable drums 130 which carry a boundary layer consisting of gas on their peripheral surfaces so that the spray jet does not adhere to the drums. The drums are cooled and cleaned at 132 and 133. Most of the carrier gas of the spray escapes from the device at 134 ^ However, some of the gas is returned to the inlet at the two ends of the device (not shown). This arrangement offers the advantage that the walls deflecting the particles are cooled during operation of the device and can be cleaned.

14 shows, in a partial section, a had of a device with two rags for producing rods with a square Cross-sectional shape in which the arrangement is used to deflect the particles to be sprayed on form part of the wheel. Fig. Iß shows the same device in longitudinal section. The peripheral surfaces of the wheels are machined with smooth-walled V-shaped grooves, their Walls are arranged opposite the spray jet at a fairly small angle, which in the present case is about 45 °. The sprayed-on particles are deflected down to the bottom of the grooves, which is a slightly rougher surface may have as the walls of the grooves · In this device

909847/0717 originally inspected

192441g

A coherent coating builds up quickly until the Grooves are filled. The grooves of the two wheels are mutually exclusive adapted so that it enables the device to produce several adjacent square profiles. The single ones Bars of square cross-section are then separated from one another by slitting knives and then in the usual way Way processed as rod material. An advantage of this method is "that it is possible to use the device at 140 at a central location a reinforcing or solidifying material to feed. For example, a steel wire could be embedded in the bars to be produced, if an electrical conductor made of a material of low strength is to be given a higher strength »

In all of the devices described above, it is a by a suitable profiling of the circumferential surfaces Wheel or both Eäder or drums or rollers possible to produce profiles of the most varied of types.

Patent claims: 909847/0717

Claims (1)

Claims 1. Process for processing metal into large profiles Length and relatively thin cross-section, characterized in that molten metal on a base or applied to a carrier and then cut off the profiled metal product from the base or the carrier whereby a stream of gas-atomized particles of molten metal is directed onto the support, so that the molten metal particles flow together and form a continuous layer and this layer in the still hot state either before or after removing the layer from a non-deformable carrier or after Removing the layer from a deformable support is thermoformed. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the carrier opposite the device is moved to feed the particles, so that on the carrier a cohesive metallic or metal-containing Material layer is applied. 3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the molten metallic or metal-containing material is atomized in a chemically neutral or reducing gas. 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that that as serving for atomizing the material gas nitrogen, hydrogen gas, a flue gas, a furnace gas or a mixture of any of these gases is used. 5. The method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that g e k e η η-draws that the layer applied to the carrier 909847/0717 192U18 until they are densified by hot deformation in an atmosphere of a chemically neutral or reducing atmosphere Gas is held. 6 «method according to one of claims 1 Ms 5» thereby gekennzeich, net that the thickness of the generated Layer before compaction is about 0.25 to about 9 »5 nua. 7. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the thickness of the layer is reduced by 10% to 60 % during compaction « 8, method according to one of claims 1 to 7 »thereby characterized in that the layer is densified by hot rolling. 9. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the movement of the carrier has a reciprocating and forward movement parallel to the direction of movement of the carrier is superimposed. 10 “Method according to claim 9” characterized in that it is e k e η η ζ β rejects that a working cycle of the superimposed reciprocating motion means motion in the forward direction at a relatively low speed and moving in the reverse direction with a comparatively higher speed includes. 11. The method according to claim 9 or 10, characterized g e k. e η n indicates that on the surface of the support a Release agent applied in the form of a thin film. 12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that ice release agent in an oil base suspended graphite is used. 13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized g e k «η η ζ shows that one with the melted Metallic material immiscible or insoluble constituents are fed separately onto the carrier, 9098 47/0717 _{0Rie! M} , _A. r.SP so that it is united with the deposited layer and a composite material arises 14 ·· The method according to claim 13 »characterized in that the additional component lead or a powdery ceramic material or a fiber material. 15. The method according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the additional component containing stream is passed onto the carrier at such an angle that a composite material is produced in which the additional constituent is partially or arranged entirely in a "certain direction." 16 · The method according to any one of claims 1 to 15 »characterized in that the carrier is a moving is an endless belt or a rotating drum. 17 «The method according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized characterized in that several coherent layers of metallic or metal-containing material are produced and are welded to one another through the action of heat and pressure to form a single layer 18. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that the particles of the molten metallic or metal-containing material on two drums or tubular drums rotating in opposite directions Rings or rollers are deposited that the deposited layers from the drums, rings or rollers peeled off, that the deposited layers are brought together so that the previously the peripheral surfaces of the drums, Rings or rollers lying adjacent surfaces of the layers on the outside, and that the layers with the help of a roll stand are combined with one another by rolling 19 · The method according to claim 17, characterized in that the particles of the molten metallic or metal-containing material on two opposing 909847/0717 192441a set sightings revolving drums or tubular Hung or rollers are deposited so that the deposited layers are brought together while they are still on the drums, rings or rollers are located, and that the layers welded into a single layer under the action of heat and pressure between the drums, rings or rollers will" 20 »Method according to one of claims 1 to 15» thereby characterized in that the carrier is a rotatable mandrel 21. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that the carrier is several end to end with one another connected, jointly rotating mandrels, so that on the carrier a continuous layer of the metallic or metal-containing material is deposited, 22. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 21, characterized characterized in that deflectors or deflectors are used to distribute the particles to regulate the carrier. 23 ·. Method according to claim 22, characterized in that the device for sailing the distribution the particle comprises a curtain of gas on the support. 24. The method according to claim 23, characterized in that the device for controlling the distribution of the particles a surface inclined at a small angle against the direction of flight of the particles or a through comprises a magnetic field generated by a magnetic coil. 25. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 24, characterized characterized in that a layered dressing is created comprising successive layers of different metallic or metal-containing materials. 26. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 25, characterized in that a layered dressing 909847/0717 1924419 3D is generated in which between adjacent layers a Reinforcement material is arranged. 27. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 26, characterized by its implementation according to given description. 28. Product with a uniform cross-sectional shape, characterized by its production with the aid of a method according to one of Claims 1 to 27. 29. Device for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 27, characterized by a Chamber (71; 111) with a device (61; 91; 112; 120) for generating a stream of molten metal particles atomized with the aid of gas, by means of which the particles so on a non-deformable carrier (41; 62; 77j92; 110; 131) arranged in the chamber are guided so that they flow together and forming a continuous layer, a device (64; 8O; 98; 116) for performing hot deformation of the deposited Layer before or after separating the layer from the support and while the layer is extremely hot, as well by means (96) for drawing the deposited layer out of the chamber. 30. Device for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 27, characterized by a Chamber (5) with devices (10) for generating a stream of molten metal particles atomized with the aid of gas, which are guided onto a deformable support (1) arranged in the chamber in such a way that they flow together and become a coherent one Form layer, a device (29) for performing a hot deformation of the still hot layer after 809847/0717 1924419 Separating the layer from the carrier and by a device to pull the layer out of the chamber. 31 · Device according to. Claim 29 or 30, characterized by a device to generate a reciprocating »movement of the carrier (41) parallel to the direction in which the layer is pulled out of the chamber. 32 · Device according to claim 29 or 50, characterized by a rotatable drum (110) arranged in the chamber (111), to which a roller (113) is assigned on its circumference, which can be rotated at a circumferential speed equal to the circumferential speed of the Drum or lower than the latter, and which is arranged to facilitate the separation of the deposited layer from the drum. 33 · , device according to claim 29 or $ 0, characterized by a plurality of carriers (62; 77 »131) which are arranged in the chamber in such a way that the particles flow together and form cohesive layers on the carriers, a device (54j 80; 98) for welding the deposited layers to one another, a device for pulling the single layer produced from the layers out of the chamber and a device for performing a hot deformation of the single layer that is still hot » 34 · Device according to claim 33 »marked by supports in the form of two counter-rotating drums or tubular rings or rollers (62 j 77} 131), devices (7i 78) for stripping the deposited layers from the drums, rings or rollers, one Device (80) by means of which the layers can be brought together so that their previously the peripheral surfaces of Drums, rings or rollers are adjacent surfaces on the outside, as well as by a device by means of which the layers can be rolled together in order to weld them together while they are still hot and to effect a hot deformation of the layers that have been joined together. 90984770717 35 ·. Device according to claim 33 »marked ^ net by two drums or tubular rings or rollers (62), which act as carriers and are rotatable in opposite directions, as well as by devices (64 ·), by means of whose between the drums, rings or rollers a pressure can be brought into action, so that on the carriers deposited layers are welded together while still hot and subjected to hot deformation 36. Device according to one of claims 29 to 35 »thereby marked that the streams out using particles atomized by gas using nozzles (10; 91? 112) "which are built into the wall of the chamber (55 9 * 0 and opposite the carrier (1; 62; 77 »92) in longitudinal and transverse distances are distributed. 37 · Device according to one of claims 29 to 35 »thereby characterized in that the flow of particles atomized with the aid of gas with the aid of an atomizer with a rotatable atomization beaker is produced, to which a gas flow is fed (Fig. 3) 38. Apparatus according to claim 29, characterized in that that the carrier is a rotatable mandrel (92). · * 39 · Device according to claim 38, characterized in that the mandrel (92) has a conicity of approximately 2 % . 4-0. Apparatus according to claim 38, characterized in that the carrier is several end to end with one another connected mandrels (92) which can be rotated together, so that on them a continuous metal layer can be deposited " 41. Apparatus according to claim 40, characterized in that the mandrels (92) at each end with a thread or Connecting devices are provided so that they are end-to-end with one another on the entry side of the chamber (94) 909847/0717 connected and after performing the hot deformation of the The layer deposited on them can be separated from one another, so that a metal product of the desired length is produced can be 42. Device according to one of claims 38 to 41, characterized characterized in that the chamber (94) with opposite the mandrels (92) distributed at longitudinal intervals, radially directed at the mandrels * nozzles (91) for generating streams of particles atomized with the aid of gas. 43. Device according to one of claims 29 to 42, characterized by deflectors or deflection devices (14, 15, 16j 120} 130) for regulating the distribution of the particles on the carrier _{or the like} 44 «, device according to claim 43, characterized in that the deflectors or deflection devices are formed by gas curtains (I ¹ Ig ₀ 1). 45 · Device according to claim 43, characterized in that the deflectors or deflection devices Surfaces (120; I30) inclined at a small angle against the direction of flight of the particles or by a magnetic winding generated magnetic field include " 46ο Device according to one of claims 29 to 45, characterized by a device for applying a release agent in the form of a thin film on the surface of the carrier o 909847/0717 Blank page