DE1905985A1 - Process for pressing finely divided solid material and device for carrying out the process - Google Patents

Description

DR. ING. ERNST MAIER PA T E NTA IT WA LT

8 MUNICH SS

TTID * JTMATJKST *. ■ · TIUIOIf »UM.ltllll

A 6269 6 February 1969

EM / Pi / Ha.

ENGLISH CIAYS LOVERING POCHIN ft COMPANY LIMITED John Keay House, St. Austell , Cornwall, England

Method for pressing finely divided solid material and device for carrying out the method

The invention relates to the compaction of granular to powdery solid materials. It relates to a method for compacting finely divided solids, e.g. powdery or fine-grained ones Materials, and an apparatus for performing this process.

At present, finely divided solids, e.g. pigment dyes, fillers, pharmaceutical Substances, pesticides, fertilizers or nutrients either in bulk or in disposable containers, e.g. in cardboard boxes or in sacks or bags made of paper, plastic or woven material,

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Spaikas »Sdirombare Bankhaus M * iA, Hrxk i, Co..MOndi.n, No. 25464 Bankhaus a Auftouwr.Munch.n, No. 53S97 Postsdixi · Mündian 153861 T "l" gromm "] dr" u *!

e.g. jute, transported. However, a mass of finely divided solid usually contains large amounts of entrapped Gas, generally air, and to reduce the volume of the material and make the best use the capacity of e.g. the hold of a ship or a closed freight wagon it necessary to contain the amount of gas, usually air, that is in the bulk of the finely divided solid is to reduce and / or the material mass fe before filling, during filling or immediately to compress after filling into the container. However, so far it has not been possible to achieve a great one Bulk of some finely divided solids containing a large amount of entrapped gas Compressing free-standing blocks because the compressed gas tends to form a compressed block Tear up and chop up finely divided solid. It can also be found that the mass density (the specific gravity) of finely divided solids fluctuates over a wide range, so that, when the materials are sold by weight, a wide variety of shipping container dimensions is currently necessary.

The invention aims to provide a method for

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Compacting of finely divided pesticide materials to create which makes it possible to obtain a free-standing block from the solid material.

The invention also aims to provide a device for pressing a finely divided Can be used in a free-standing block

Accordingly, the present invention provides a method of compacting a quantity of finely divided material Pesticide that has the following steps:

Entering the amount of material in a form;

The introduction of a plurality of elongated members into the mass of material filled in the mold, which preferably extend through the mass of finely divided material;

Applying pressure to the mass in the mold in order to compact it, while the elongated limbs are in it;

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The retraction of the elongated members from the compacted material, thereby compressed Gas trapped in the compacted material can escape through the holes created by the elongated Limbs have been formed;

Relieving pressure on the compacted material;

The removal of the compacted material from the mold.

The compacting of the finely divided solid to the desired specific volume density is advantageously carried out in more than one stage. In the first stage, the pressure exerted on the mass is chosen so that the mass is compressed to about 75% or more of the desired mass density. The elongate members are then withdrawn and eventually the pressure exerted on the partially compacted mass is released so that the compressed gas can escape. The elongated members are then put back into the holes formed during the first stage

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introduced «and the compression of the material is carried out in a further stage completed or continued. Most of the time it will be found to be beneficial for the pressure in the second stage and in any subsequent stage is that it is higher than that pressure applied in the previous stage. The number of press levels used to achieve the desired one The degree of compression depends essentially on the type and degree of comminution of the divided solid which is treated and the amount of entrapped gas, however, are usually not more than 8 levels required.

The pressure to be exerted on the divided pesticide material in order to achieve a specific bulk density and / or to obtain a free-standing block also depends on the type and degree of fragmentation of the material and on the amount of entrapped gas. However, it has been found that the pressure to be applied is normally in the range of 3.5 to 42 kg / cm ² .

The elongated members can be incorporated into the material before or during compaction.

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leads to be. It is beneficial to the elongated Withdraw links from the compacted material before the applied pressure is relieved to ensure that that the block does not crack before the compressed and entrapped gas has escaped. However, the method according to the invention can also be used to reduce the space requirements of a comminuted Lessening the pestilence without necessarily having one free to form a stable block. In this case there may be no benefit from the application a short interval between withdrawing the elongated limb and withdrawing the exercised one Pressure achieved.

The invention also provides apparatus that can be used to practice the method according to the invention, and has the following features:

A mold for receiving a quantity of finely divided solid to be compacted;

Pressing means for exerting pressure on the material in the mold;

A plurality of elongated members;

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Means for inserting the elongate members into the mass in the mold before compaction or during compaction of the mass;

Means for retracting the elongate members from the mass after it has been compacted.

In a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, the elongated Links «eH-e-the shape of conical needles, which are attached to a frame. The pressing means for exerting the pressure on the mass is with provided a number of holes, which corresponds to the number of needles, and which are at such a distance from each other that the conical needles through the holes in the in the mold Material can penetrate. During the compaction of the mass, the conical ones extend Needles preferably through the mass. Between the needles and the hole walls of the pressing means and sealing means are also arranged between the pressing means and the side walls of the mold in order to

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to reduce the passage of material between the relevant links to a minimum.

The form in which the crushed solid is compacted preferably consists of one A molding box unit which has side members and a sub-plate positioned within the side members ^ and is movable relative to these. The press and the molding box unit are advantageously constructed in such a way that that the pressure exerted on the top layer of the finely divided solid material and that on the bottom layer pressure exerted by the material are kept constant, ensuring even compaction through the Block or a board is passed through.

In general, it has been found to be advantageous if the elongate members ψ are evenly spaced from one another. The optimal spacing between the elongated members depends on the ease with which the gas trapped in the material can pass through the finely divided solid. The maximum distance between the individual elongate members and further between the elongate members and the

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Rarely as well as the bottom of the mold can be determined experimentally for any particular material. However, it has generally been found that the distance should be in the range of 12 to 68 mm, in most cases in the range of 25 to 50 mm.

To better understand the invention and to show how it is put into practice, reference is then made to the drawings. On these represent:

Fig. 1 is an end view of an embodiment of the device according to the invention;

FIG. 2 is a side view of the embodiment of that shown in FIG Contraption;

Fig. 5 is a section along line HI-III of Fig. 1;

4, 5 and 6 are a plan view, an end view and a side view of the Mold box of the embodiment of the device shown in Figures 1, 2 and;

Figure 7 is an isometric view of a portion of that shown in Figures 1-6 Draft, partly in section;

8 shows a schematic, isometric view of a second embodiment the device according to the invention;

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9 is a plan view of a third embodiment of the device according to FIG the invention;

FIG. 10 shows a section along line X - X in FIG. 9;

11 shows a section along line XI - XI in FIG. 9J

FIG. 12 is a partial section on a larger scale of that shown in FIGS. 9, 10 and 11 Embodiment;

13 schematically shows the four stages in Operation of the apparatus shown in FIGS. 9-12.

In Fig. 1-7 it can be seen that the embodiment of the device illustrated there has a table 1 which rests on rails 31 which are attached to a bed lh. The bed 14 is slidably engaged with posts 15 and 16. The table 1 has plates 25 and 26, two parallel cross members 27 and 28 of I-shaped cross-section and two end plates 29 and 30. The shape and construction of the table 1 is determined by the strength and rigidity required to withstand the pressures applied and by the fact that the table moves a distance of about 12 mm in a press box, which is described below the pressing stage during operation of the device. Table 1 must be deep enough

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seln ₅ so that it is guided in the upward direction in the press box.

The bed 14 is connected to a triangular head member 17 by means of rods 4, 5 and 6. The head member 17 is connected to one end of pivotably mounted levers 7 and 8. The other end of the levers 7 and 8 is connected to a column 9 which is connected to a press plate 13 by a piston head 10 and rods. The press plate IJ is raised and lowered hydraulically by means of pistons 11 and 12, and the connection system described above which connects the press plate IJ to the bed 14 and thereby to the table 1 causes the table 1 to rise when the press plate IJ is lowered will. In this way, substantially equal pressures are exerted on the top and bottom layers of the mass of finely divided pesticide in the mold.

The device is also in shape with a set of forty-four elongated links provided by conical needles 21, which are evenly spaced about J6 mm from each other

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and supported by a frame 22. The frame can relative to the press plate 13 by the hydraulically actuated pistons of cylinders 23 and 24 raised and be lowered. The needles 21 pass through a corresponding number of those present in the plate 13 Holes through it. The holes in the press plate IJ are provided with labyrinth seals, which the needles enclose when the latter completely pass through the holes in the press plate IJ. The press plate 13 is also provided with a labyrinth seal around their edges to interact with the sides of the press box, which is described below.

A press box unit is formed by the table 1 and a press box (press frame) 3 ^ * the consists of side members 36 and 37. From the side links 36 and 37 attached to a turntable 40 as illustrated in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 each adjoining pair of sides hinged at 41 and so arranged are that they can be opened by about 3 - 6 mm. This enables a block of compacted material to detach from the side members and expel. Three cams 39 * which rotate about axes, which through holes 38 protrude, are arranged to be on the lower

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To act surface of the top plate 35 of the table 1 so that the table is in its highest position is held when the pressing step is completed.

Mach the pressing, the bed 14 is lowered together with the rails 31, and the pressing plate 13 is raised together with the needles 21 so far that the side members of the press box come completely free. The table 1 is now free of the rails J> 1, but it remains in contact with the block of compressed material. The turntable is then rotated to the filling and unloading position, the table 1 is released from the cams, and the press box is opened a little to release the pressed block.

A pressed block 33 'in which the Holes illustrated in its top surface is shown in Figure 7, which is also the labyrinth seal 32 and part of the press box 34 shows.

When the device is in operation, the mass is pressed and vented at the same time of the solid achieved. The mass of solid becomes

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introduced into the mold with the air present in it. Then pressure is exerted on the mass of solid material through the table 1 and the Press plate 13. At the same time penetrate the conical tapering needles 21 the mass of the solid. During the pressing, the needles 21 form seals in the press plate 13, the passage of the solid prevent but allow a small quantity of air to escape, and that Solid is able to be compressed at the needles 21 and the press plate and its volume density while remaining permeable to air under pressure. The needles 21 are then withdrawn, and the trapped air is able to escape from the holes formed by the elongated limbs are to escape. The work cycle is repeated until the desired bulk density is achieved, or until the maximum degree of compaction that can be achieved has been reached.

The material to be pressed can flow into the mold, for example from a channel or a funnel, and, as noted above, is subjected to one or more pressing operations. Sin work gear of the device consists of a Preflhub, in which the Ma-

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your 21 extend into the molding compound, a dwell time of the piston plate I3 in the lowered Position but in which the needles are withdrawn to allow gas to escape, and a relief stroke in which the press plate 15 is raised. With the one described above Device depend on the speed of the press plate 13 and the play between the needles 21 and the press plate 13 and between the press plate 13 and the Press box 3 ^ from the crushed solid that is to be pressed, and from the applied Pressure, however, the following information outlines the area within which it has been determined the characteristic values can normally be changed:

1. Piston speed: I5 to 305 mm / sec.

2. Clearance between the needles and the press plate when the needles are fully extended: 0.1 to 0.3

3. Clearance between press plate and press box: 0.1 to 0.3 mm.

In operation of the apparatus for pressing kaolin described above, a standard block was used of 50 χ 20 χ 14 cm made so that, with a mass density increased to 1720 kg / nr (clearing unit weight) of powdered kaolin, each block 25kg

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Contained kaolin. 4o blocks therefore result in a metric Ton (1 t) and can be put together to form a loading unit of one volume and one shape conforms to international standards.

The apparatus according to FIG. 8 has four stations A, B, C and D in which the filling of the mold, the first compression stage, the second compression stage and the ejection of the pressed block can take place. There are four press boxes 134a, 134b, 134 © and 134d arranged, which are rigidly attached to a toothed ring 14o. The toothed ring l40 is supported by a ball bearing (not shown) provided with a wire raceway on a central ring 143 which can rotate about its axis. The toothed ring l40 is driven through a gear 15I and an index I52 crank by an electric motor 150, which transmits a reciprocating movement to a toothed sector 153 by means of a coupling rod 154th The toothed sector 153 meshes with a pinion 155 which drives a second pinion I56. The pinion 156 is in engagement with the toothed ring 14o and is driven via a clutch I57 which is engaged when the toothed sector 153 is moved in the direction in which the geared

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toothed ring 140 is rotated clockwise, and which is disengaged when the toothed sector 155 is moved in the opposite direction. In this way, the toothed ring l40 and the four molding boxes 1J4 in rotated by 90 ° in single steps.

At the filling station A, a pre-weighed amount of filling material is poured into a vibrating one Chute 160 entered, which has an approximately S-shaped channel 161. The S-shaped channel 161 can be around an axis 162 from a substantially horizontal dispensing position (as shown) to an inclined one Filling position can be pivoted in which the weighed filler material can pile up without being released from the dispensing end to run down the gutter. A filling of the charging material can be placed in the inclined S-shaped channel Able to be piled up. The gutter is then pivoted to its horizontal position to accommodate its contents to dispense in a molding box unit. Vibrators 16J are arranged for faster emptying of the Ensure filling material from the chute. ■

During its passage from the filling station A to the first compression station B runs

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the filled molding box under a roll I69, which easily "lays itself in the molding box and levels the bed of the charge material.

The two pressing units are at the first and second pressing station B and C are arranged, which are identical or similar in connection with FIG. I ₃ 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. Pie compression unit at station C is designed to work at a higher piston surface pressure than the compression unit at station B.

At the ejection station D, the molding box is opened about 3 to 6 mm, and the lower table is raised by means of an ejector I70 until the bottom of the pressed block is at the same level or slightly higher than the top of the side links of the molding box. The ejector I70 is made using two Rods 17I and I72 raised, those with not shown hydraulic lifting devices are connected. When the pressed block is removed from the side members of the Mold box is free, he is by a corresponding hydraulic thrust device 173 via a fixed Platform pushed away on an endless conveyor belt 17 ^, which him zvi one not shown

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Conveyed to packing station where it can be wrapped in paper or other suitable material.

The hydraulic cylinders which move the needles, the table and the press plate the compression units, and the hydraulic cylinder that pushes out the pressed blocks, are controlled by hydraulic valves 18O operated by cams 181 mounted on a Shaft 182 are attached. The shaft 182 is from the main transmission I5I via a bevel gear I83 and a clutch 184 rotated. The chute 160 is mechanically raised and lowered by means of a cam 185 and a linkage ^ 86.

Not shown sensing devices are arranged to ensure that all requirements are fulfilled before a further work step is carried out. If any requirement is not fully fulfilled, e.g. if no previously balanced filling has been entered into the channel 160, or if either piston is not retracted, clutches 157 and 184 are automatically disengaged, and no further rotation of the toothed ring 140 is allowed until the fault is removed.

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A control panel or the like is arranged to control all switches and instruments under * · bring associated with the device.

In FIGS. 9 to IJ> a Ausführungsf is orjn the Voirichtung according to the invention is shown, which differs from the first and second embodiments in that the lower table of the press unit is not moving during the pressing steps. The press units have rigid frames to which the upper ends of the hydraulic piston-cylinder units for the press platens are fixed, and the molding boxes can move vertically during each press stage.

As above with the second embodiment Described with reference to Fig. 8, the apparatus comprises a filling station A, two press stations B. and G and an ejection station D.

At the filling station, the shredded solid material is poured into a 23% molding box unit a chute, not shown, which is the same or similar to the one above in connection with FIG is described.

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In the press stations B and C, each press unit has a lower table 201, which is on a fixed stool 25I or the like is supported, which on a floor member 214 of a frame made of X-beams is attached. A ram 215, which is shown partially in section in FIG. 10, is hydraulic raised and lowered by means of pistons 211 and 212. The pistons 211 and 212 are attached to a crosshead 210, which is connected to the press plate 215 by 12 rods 218.

Also arranged is a set of 44 needles 241 carried by frame 222. The frame 222 can be raised and lowered by pistons that are hydraulically actuated in cylinders 225 and 224 will. The needles 221 pass through passages formed in the press plate 215, of which Each has a labyrinth seal, not shown, which cooperate with the needles when the latter extend all the way through the press plate 215.

A column 290 is attached at its lower end to the frame 222 and its upper end slides in a sleeve 29I attached to the crosshead 210.

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The sleeve 291 slides in a sleeve 209 which is rigidly attached to the head member 217 of the frame from! is. Column 290 and sleeves 291 and 209 cooperate to create the piston crosshead. 210, the Press plate 215 and the frame 222 in a horizontal Able to hold. The precise alignment of the piston crosshead 210 and frame 222 is maintained by that their ends slide in guides 295 and ^ on the side members of the frame I-beams are attached.

Four molding boxes 234a, 234b, 234c and 224d are rigidly attached to a rotating head 240, which rotates together with a shaft 22 which is mounted by means of three roller bearings 243, 244 and 245.

The rotary head 240 is driven by an electric motor via a mechanical coupling * and a splined shaft 250 on a bevel gear drive 251 works. The drive is through spur gears 252 on a Maltese cross arm, the role of which engages in a Maltese cross wheel 254, which with four at an angle of 90 ° to each other The Geneva wheel 254 is attached to the shaft 242.

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The Maltese Cross Mechaiiiseus causes the rotating head rotates exactly 90 ° in switching steps τοη, and the rotational speed 13 rpm is what a rotation period is 1 second. results, to which a standstill period of 3 see. adjoins, while those the filling, the pressing belt the ejection operations are performed.

During the period of rotation, the table top 201 slides on arcuate rails, and the side links the flasks are supported by rollers 264 which are used for the greater part of the duty cycle unroll a stationary arcuate rail 265. However, if the flask is stationary on one of the press units or moves between the two, run the lobes 264 on a retractable arch Shame 266 «the means of a hydraulic piston-cylinder unitE is withdrawn via a lever linkage (articulated lever ") 268.

The rail is on during the prefi period 266 is withdrawn so that the side members of the flask can move up and down, whereby the alignment of which is maintained by a shoe 246 which slides in a slide 257. In this way

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the surface pressure of the base plate is always the same Surface pressure of the press plate during each press stage. When the surface pressure of the press plate increases the pressure of the base plate exceeds, the side members of the molding box decrease to equalize the pressures and vice versa.

In the ejection station D is the pressed

Block ejected by a device installed in the

is

essentially the same / as described for the second embodiment · The side members of the molding box are easily opened and closed by means of the device shown in FIG. An eccentric one Pin 275 has a head 276 with two lugs 277a and 277b which contact two fixed cams 278a and 278b when the flask unit is in the Ejection station enters or leaves it, and thereby open or close the side panels of the molding box. As the pin 275 is rotated, the flanges 279 * attached to the side member 257 become relative moved to the collar (sleeve) 274 attached to the side member 256 is attached so as to separate the two side members about 5 - 6 mm from each other.

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ORIGINAL INSPECTED

The hydraulic cylinders and other parts of the device are actuated by cams * the in a control box 299 are arranged. The drive of the same is derived from the bevel gear drive 251 through a shaft 298 and a bevel gear drive 297.

The positions of a flask on each station are shown in Fig. 13, where the line X-X indicates the position of the head end of the molding box at the beginning and at the end of the work operation.

The invention is illustrated by the following Examples in which the apparatus of Figures 1-7 described above has been used.

example 1

To globules molded or ground kaolin particles of 6 on having a diameter up to down to dust, a moisture content of 10% and an initial bulk density of 705 kg / nr has been pressed in the device according to the invention in two stages, to form a block with a mass density of 1826 kg / m- ⁵ . The plunger speed was 77 mm / sec,

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the pressing surface pressure in the first stage was about 7 kg / cm and in the second pressing stage 25.6 kg / cm, the play between the needles and the press plate was 0.8 mm, and the play between the press plate and the molding box 1.6 mm.

Example 2

Lump-containing kaolin, which contained particles 6 mm in diameter down to dust, had a moisture content of 10 % and a bulk density of 881 kg / m2, was pressed in one step to form a block with a bulk density of

• x

192O kg / nr to form. The press plate pressure was 25 * 6 kg / cm, while the platen speed, the play of the needles and the flask were as in Example 1.

Example 3

Ground kaolin in powder form with particles smaller than No. 300 of the British standard sieve, with a moisture content of 1 % and a bulk density of 240 kg / nr was pressed in eight stages to form a block with a bulk density of 1121 kg / nr

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to shape. The press plate speed was 25 mm / sec, the needle and molding box clearance were as specified in Example 1, the pressing surface pressure was about 7 kg / cm

in the deepest stage and 25.6 kg / approx in the second of the eight steps.

In addition to pressing clay or loam, the method and device according to the present application e.g. used for pressing metallic oxides, silicates, carbonates, talc, fillers, organic and inorganic pigments, dyes, carbon black, pharmaceutical substances, pesticides, Fertilizers and food.

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Claims (12)

PATENT CLAIMS ί 1 · I method for pressing small pieces or powdery material, in which a lot of the material is poured into a form and pressure is applied to it in the form located material is exercised for compacting the same, characterized in that in the in the form filled mass of material a plurality of elongated members is introduced, which are considerably in the mass into or through it extend that the pressure on the material mass located in the mold is exercised to compress it while the elongated members are in it, and the elongated members are withdrawn from the compacted material, creating in the compacted material trapped compressed gas can escape through the holes formed by the elongate members. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the compaction of the mass of the kör- - 29 909837/0255 nigen or powdery solids carried out to the desired density in more than one pressing stage will. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the material mass is compressed in the first pressing stage to at least 75% of the desired mass density. 4. The method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the elongated Members are withdrawn from the compacted mass before the mass is relieved of the compressive pressure. 5. The method of claim 1, 2, J or 4, characterized in that the pressure exerted on the mass of material in the mold is approximately is between 3 * 5 and 42 kg / cm. 6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the granular until powdery solid material is a clay or loam. 7 · Vonichtung for compacting a granular to powdery solid, which has a shape for - 30 909837/0255 Taking up the amount of material to be compacted and pressing material for exerting a pressure on the material located in the mold, characterized in that, in that a plurality of elongate members are arranged, means for introducing the elongate members Members in the mass of material located in the mold before or during the compaction of the mass, and means to withdraw the elongated members from the mass after it has been compressed. 8. Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the elongate members the Have the form of tapered needles (21) attached to a frame (22) and the pressing means contain a press plate (13) with a number of holes corresponding to the number of needles (22) which look at such distances from each other decide that the girls should go through them into the in the mass located in the form can penetrate. 9. Apparatus according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the shape is side members (36, 57) and a table top (1), the inside of the side members and is movable relative to them. 909837/0255 10. The device according to claim 7 * 8 or 9 * characterized in that «that the mold and the pressing means such iniremirl ι Iiι η. that the one on the top layer and the pressure on the bottom layer of the material is balanced. 11. The device according to claim J ₉ 8, 9 or 10, characterized in that the elongated members (21) are arranged at substantially the same distance from one another. 12. Device according to one of claims 7 to 11, characterized in that the distance between the individual elongated members (21) in the range from about 12 to 63 now lies. 909837 / 02S5 Blank page