DE1901923A1 - Method and device for focal beam slitting - Google Patents

Description

PATENT Attorney DIPL.-INQ, QERHARD SCHWAN

S MUNICH 8QOERZER STRASSE 15

Jan 15, 1969

L-7152-C

UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION (270 Park Avenue, New) York, NY ₀ 10017, U.St.A.

Method and device for focal beam slitting

The invention relates to a method and a device for processing υοη minerals, and in particular a process in directed at a rock surface with the flame jet in order to cut a slot or channel in the rock,

The fuel jet slots provides a method for introducing a normally about 76 mm wide slot or channel in quarry stone by using a supersonic flame is that is directed against the stone, and a process of loading · acts that can be called thermal spalling _o In conventional Jet Slitting, a slit is formed by the action of a single jet of flame offset at an angle from the axis of an internal combustion burner which is moved in a substantially perpendicular direction such that the flame is directed substantially downward, however remains inclined with respect to the perpendicular against the substantially perpendicular face of the rock to be treated, while at the same time a

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horizontal advance in the direction of the flame along a predetermined slot path takes place »The known Focal jet seat seat processes are generally used in the If the torch works on a substantially perpendicular surface, the same method can be used can also be used on stone surfaces that have a good incline between real vertical and horizontal.

The invention is based on the object of creating a method and a device which allow a larger Slot area per unit of used reactants with more effective utilization of the workload cut than was previously possible »

The inventive method for focal beam slitting of minerals in which a rapidly flowing jet of flame is higher Temperature at an acute angle against a mineral surface directed along in successive operations the fflineral surface moves and towards the end surface of the slot to be formed is advanced when rlineral parts splintering is characterized in that, together with the flame jet, at least one complementary additional flame jet along the surface to be slit is moved, the flame jets being kept at a sufficient mutual distance to cover the associated zones to prevent severe chipping.

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Wit the invention is also an apparatus for implementation created by the method described above

Further features, advantages and possible uses of the The invention emerges from the subclaims and from the following description of exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It shows:

Figure 1

a side view of a jet burner according to the invention,

Figure 2

in section a schematic representation of a fllineral block and the one in the working position Zeeiststrahlbrenners according to Figure 1 uirue the formation of a slot in the block,

Figure 3

a top view of part of the ITIineralblock according to Figure 2, which shows the formation of the slot,

Figure 4

a schematic representation of an embodiment of the two-jet burner, which is the focal = jet slots with an inclined diaphragm wall are suitable,

Figure 5

a longitudinal section of a jet burner with

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a single combustion chamber according to one embodiment of the device of the invention, and

FIG. 6 shows a schematic representation, partly in section an IT training jet burner provided with a distribution line according to a modified embodiment of the device according to the invention »

The feed jet burner according to the invention shown in FIG. 1 usually a lower cutting head 10 and an upper cutting head 12. The cutting heads 10, 12 consist of conventional ones Burners 14 bzuio 16 with internal combustion, the inlet ends of which on associated cutting head carriers 18 and 20 be = are consolidated. The burners 14, 16 are provided with flame jet outlets 22 and 24 at the outlet end. purple metal pipes 26, 28 and 30, which are shown in connection with the lower cutting head 10 and in a corresponding manner also for the upper Cutting head 12 are present, lead the cutting heads gaseous Oxidizer, fuel and coolant too. In addition, a metal tube 32 is available for the upper burner 16, which diverts the heated coolant, for example water, from the immediate work area, and / or it otherwise could interfere with the .Schlitzbildungvorgang.

A rigid support for connecting the cutting heads 10 and

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ORIGINAL INSPECTED

12 in a fixed mutual position has zuiei steel sleeves 34 and 36, which are rigidly connected to the respective cutting heads 10 and 12 and to one another. The sleeves 34 and 36 are formed so that they the lower burner 14 at an angle to the upper burner 16 and in a Maintain the distance h immediately below the burner 16 in such a way that the two flame jet outlets are perpendicular to the same Lie level.

Figure 2 shows how the two-jet burner of Figure 1 by means of a suspension 38, which is arranged on the surface of a boulder 40, is held in working position. In operation uierden the cutting heads 10 and 12 together with suitable Speed increased and decreased while keeping them very close to or in contact with the end wall 42 of the slot be., Such a setting represents a maximum Contact of the flames with the rock is certain and, as a result, leads to higher slot velocities. When the intense Flame jet heats the end wall 42 of the slot to high temperatures, causing a progressive chipping, aiodurch a slot is cut into the Blineralfeis 40. Simultaneously with the vertical up and down movement, the twin-jet burner becomes 10, 12 in the horizontal direction according to a predetermined slot course (in Figure 2 this direction runs from left to right) in the lilaßβ advanced like the heated ones Splinter pieces of rock from the end wall 42 and expose a fresh rock surface «,

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FIG. 3 shows a plan view of part of the rock 40 according to Figure 2, which reveals the whole slot, the two Seiteniuände 46 and 48, the Enduiand 42 and the slot bottom 44 of the rock 40 is limited.

In the practical implementation of the focal beam slitting it often happens that the rock face (against which the rapidly flowing, hot flame jet is directed) initially according to Figure 2 is essentially perpendicular, but then gradually the rock face in the course of the slitting process assumes an inclination so that the substantially perpendicular rock face is inclined with respect to the perpendicular, like this shown in Figure 4 o The expression "substantially perpendicular" is intended to include both forms of embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 4,

Figure 4 shows the use of a two-jet burner according to the invention for focal beam slitting an inclined Uiando In this case, the cutting heads 5Q. and 52 with the associated flame jet outlets 54 and 56 in the direction of the end wall 58 of the slot at a predetermined rate moved while being held very close to or in contact with the end wall 58. The cutting heads 50 and 52 are in a suitable distance from each other supported. The axes of their flame jet outlets are at an angle with respect to the Surface of the end wall 58 held, the. for maximum contact that made flames with the rock

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An advantage of the two-jet burner compared to a conventional single burner is a reduction in labor costs per unit area of the incised slot ,, In certain cases this reduction can be as much as 50 % One or more burners can be designed according to the invention and the burner size, the reactant flow rates, the angle of the flame jet outlets in relation to the rock surface and the distance between the burners are suitably selected.

Tests were carried out to determine the influence that the oxygen flow rates have on the oxygen efficiency, measured in units of area of the formed slot per unit volume of oxygen consumed Flow rates that are both inside and outside the intended setpoint range do not provide conclusive results for determining the degree of efficiency as a function of the flow rate, since parameters such as the gas outlet speed and the degree of combustion efficiency have a considerable influence on the burner efficiency when they are outside of the range _o In order to achieve conclusive results, several burners working with internal combustion, which are for different flow rates

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designed in the range 28.3 to 84.9 m / h oxygen uiaren, jeaieils operated within the respective set value range, wherein throughout the fuel gas-oxygen ratio worked 19.5 kg of kerosene with a 28.3 m oxygen uiurde _e

The test results are summarized in Table I:

Table I.

Gas jet Oxygen-
flow rate Slotted
dizzy
speed Oxygen-
effective
Degree Gas jet m ³ / h m ² / h m ² slot Gas jet m ³ O ₂ Single 28.3 1.07 , 0.038 Single 42.5 1.16 0.02 7 Single 84.9 1.95 0.023

The results generally indicate that the oxygen efficiency decreases, do η η the single-jet burner size, expressed by the target oxygen flow rate, »Von increases of the burners tested, the smallest burner worked with the highest degree of efficiency «,

In addition to the experiments with single-jet burners given in Table I, further experiments were carried out in which dtsr Efficiency of a single-jet burner compared to that of teaching jet burners that was the same total flow rate

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had,. The results are given in Table II,

Table II

oxygen
flow rate Slotted
schuiindig-
speed Oxygen-
impact
Degree 3 /.
m / h m ² / h m ² slot 84.9 1.95 m ³ D ₂ Single-jet burner 84.9 2.36 0.023 Jet burner
(2 gas jets from
42.5 m ³ / h) 84.9 3.21 0.028 Three-beam burner
(3 gas jets from 0.038 28.3 m ³ / h)

Table II shows that a higher efficiency
is achieved if, instead of a single flame jet, several flame jets are used which have the same total flow rate 21 % larger than that of a single-jet burner, bsi the one with the same total oxygen flow rate, i.e. 84.9 m / h, worked ujirdo In addition, the three-jet burner worked with a higher efficiency than the pilot burner with two gas jets of 42.5 m / h each “It is believed that the intense
Supersonic part of a flame is the main part of the chipping

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causes "When the angle of the flame with respect to the rock surface decreases, the surface of the rock that this intense part hits increases; accordingly, the slot rate increases "It is understood that a point close to 0 ° uiird reached at which the flame is almost parallel to the rock and this can not touch ₀ '■

In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, the upper cutting head 12 is supported in a vertical position and the flame jet outlet 24 is opposite the burner axis, which runs substantially parallel to the vertical end wall 42, at an angle α of, for example, 12 inclined »The sleeves 34 and 36 are so interlocked that that the lower cutting head 10 is held at an angle b of, for example, 6 ° with respect to the upper cutting head 12 becomes »The flame jet outlet 22 of the lower cutting head is at an angle c of at = from the burner axis for example 6 ° inclined «The sum of the angles b and c is shown in Figure 1 as angle d ,, This angle is essentially equal to the angle α so that the flames of both burners impinge on the end wall 42 of the rock at the angle which led to the highest slot speed. The longitudinal axes of both burners lie in the same vertical plane,

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Table III

Uli η kai between flame and Feleflächa (degrees)

Slot speed (m ² / h)

12 20 29

1.43 1.22 1.09 1.03

Table III shows the influence of the flame incal on the Slot speed when using a conventional torch with a constant flow rate of 42.5 m / h oxygen and 29.5 kg / h kerosene with all other variables such as speed and composition of the reactant kept constant and the flame jet outlet of the burner was arranged close to the surface to be treated »The Application of a flame angle of 6 ° resulted in a 20 $ Increase in the speed of the slot compared to the speed of the slot obtained with a flame angle of 12 ° became. While the optimal flame angle is theoretically between 0 and 6 °, the use of angles below 6 ° is not practical »The optimal flame angle can change if less intense air burners are used or when other types of minerals than those used in determining the dates of Table III used to be slotted. It should be noted that in the tests according to Table III a different false block was slotted than in the tests according to Tables I.

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and II.

Table IV

Torch spacing, slot speed cm m / h

15.2 1.81

25.4 2.01

38.1 2.32

50.8 2.36

From table IW it can be seen that the slot speed is the same with the distance between two burners, that is, the distance h in Figure 1, changes. Both burners 14 and 16 worked with a constant flow rate of 42.5 m / h oxygen and 29.5 kg / h kerosene, while all other parameters, such as speed, reactant composition and flame angle, were kept constant »at a distance h of more when about 50.0 cm, the slot speed was constant and had a maximum value of 2.36 m / h. If the burners were approached, the Schlitzgaschroindigkait sank at intervals less than approximately 38.0 cm. The results indicate that the slot speed is greatest is when the distance h is sufficient to prevent the parts of the flames causing one strong chipping overlap. At such a distance, the flames act independently of one another.

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The smallest required between the exiting flame rays The distance depends on the flow rate of the stream that leaves the individual outlets »According to the theory of the turbulent Rays it is expected that the rays decay as a function of x / d, where d is the jet outlet diameter and χ is the linear spatial coordinate in the direction of the flow " This means that the effective jet length is correlated with the outlet diameter. For equivalent exit speeds is the outlet diameter of the square root proportional to the flow rate in the outlet. For multi-jet slot burners the smallest distance h results from the expression

h = 1 / 34.2 F

where h is the distance in cm and F is the target flow rate of oxygen per burner outlet in m / h _o This relationship results in the smallest distances of 31 cm, 38 cm and 54 cm for. Oxygen flow rates of 28.3 to / _o 42.5 and 84.9 m ³ / h, respectively, are applied.

Figures 1 to 4 show a two-beam torch with two separate cutter heads, each of which a separate combustion chamber is assigned _o However, it is also usable a jet burner having a single combustion chamber, which results in two or more outlets Sindo spaced apart by suitable spacing addition a teaching jet burner similar to the feed jet burners according to FIGS. 1 to 4 is used

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-U-

ujerden, which however has more than two separate cutting heads, that are rigidly connected to each other "

Figure 5 shows an embodiment of the burner according to the invention, which has a burner body 60 with a single combustion chamber 62 which leads to a plurality of flame jet outlets 64 leads.

Figure 6 illustrates an embodiment of the invention, another variant of the lead jet principle according to the invention represents ,, In this embodiment there are several individual burners 68 working with internal combustion, each of which is assigned a combustion chamber 70 and a flame jet outlet 72 are connected to a distributor body 66.

While the operation of the burner with oxygen has been explained above, the burners can also use other oxidizing agents, for example air or oxygen-enriched Air, to be supplied »

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Claims (9)

- 15 claims 1. Method for focal beam slots of minerals, at which a rapidly flowing high temperature flame jet directed at an acute angle against a fflineral surface, in successive work steps along the IKIineral surface moved and advanced in the direction of the end face of the slot to be formed, if fflineraltei-Ie splinter, characterized in that, together with the flame jet, at least one additional coplanar Flame jet is moved along the surface to be slit, the flame jets in a sufficient mutual Keep a distance luerden to cover the associated To prevent zones of strong splintering » 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the flame rays are kept substantially parallel to one another will. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that each flame jet with an acute angle between 6 and 12 ° is directed against the surface of the mineral to be slit. 4. Device for carrying out the process according to the Proverbs 1 to 3 with a burner device with a 909831/1049 with internal combustion working burner, which has a combustion chamber which is connected to inlet lines for oxidizing agent and fuel gas and with a flame outlet channel, souiie with a support, by means of which the burner device in successive operations while maintaining a predetermined Ab = level of the outlet of the flame outlet channel from the ψ The surface of the mineral to be slit can be moved over this surface and is displaceable in the direction of the end face of the slit to be formed, and / or when old liners split off, characterized in that the burner device has at least one additional flame outlet duct emanating from an internal combustion chamber, that the axes of all flame outlet ducts are coplanar with one another and that the outlets of the individual flame outlet ducts are spaced sufficiently from one another to prevent the associated zones of strong splintering from being covered " 5, device according to claim 4, characterized in that da8 the axes of all flame outlet channels are essentially parallel to one another « 6. Apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the outlets of the flame outlet channels one have a mutual distance of at least h = V34.2 F, where h is the distance irr cm and F is the nominal oxygen 909831/1049 flow rate per burner outlet is in m / h. 7. Device according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that that each additional flame outlet channel in a separate, with internal combustion working Burner is formed, which is firmly connected to the first-mentioned burner. 8. Device according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that that the additional flame outlet duct or ducts are formed in the first-mentioned burner and that all flame outlet channels are in communication with the single combustion chamber of this burner. 9. Device according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that that the additional flame outlet channel or channels and the flame outlet channel of the former Burner are formed in individual, attached to a manifold body burner members, each of which has its own combustion chamber, which is connected to a common distributor line in the distributor body stands. 909831/1049