DE1815555C2 - Substrate for aquariums - Google Patents
Substrate for aquariumsInfo
- Publication number
- DE1815555C2 DE1815555C2 DE19681815555 DE1815555A DE1815555C2 DE 1815555 C2 DE1815555 C2 DE 1815555C2 DE 19681815555 DE19681815555 DE 19681815555 DE 1815555 A DE1815555 A DE 1815555A DE 1815555 C2 DE1815555 C2 DE 1815555C2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- substrate
- aquariums
- chamotte
- clay
- soil
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title description 14
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 gneiss Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021532 Calcite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010441 alabaster Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010438 granite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004579 marble Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000008262 pumice Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010454 slate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/006—Accessories for aquaria or terraria
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Description
- Aus der einschlägigen Fachliteratur geht hervor, daß die Zusammensetzung des Bodengrundes in Aquarien seit Jahrzehnten ein heftig umstrittenes Problem ist das bisher noch nicht in zufriedenstellender Weise gelöst werden konnte. Als Teil der S Gesamtbiologie des Aquariums muß der Bodengrund als biologische Einheit mit spezifischen Forderungen gesehen werden. Demgemäß soll z.B. der Bodengrund die für das Wachstum der Wasserpflanzen unbedingt notwendigen Spurenelemente enthalten law. in sich aufnehmen können, die durch Wurzeisäuren unter anderem aus dem Bodengrund gelöst werden-und den Pflanzen zur Verfügung" stehen. Darüber hinaus gibt es noch eine Vielzahl an Forderungen, die an einen Bodengrund für Aquarien gestellt werden müssen. Der Bodengrund darf z. B. nicht kalkhaltig sein, und es wird deshalb in der Fachliteratur empfohlen, Sand oder Kies vor Verwendung als Bodengrund zur Neutralisation der Härtebildner mit Salzsäure zu behandeln, was um- oo ständlich und zeitraubend ist. Der Bodengrund soll ferner nicht feinkörnig sein, da sonst die erforderliche Versorgung des Bodens mit Sauerstoff durch Wasserzirkulation nicht gewährleistet ist. Auch darf der Bodengrund nicht scharfkantig sein, damit si'-h gründelnde und in den Boden eingrabende Fische nicht verletzen. Nicht zuletzt soll der Bodengrand keine Schadstoffe für Fische und Pflanzen enthalten, die, wie z.B. Kupfer, bereits in kleinsten Mengen schwerwiegende Folgen haben können. Der Bodengrund soll ferner möglichst steril sein und schließlich auch natürliche Farbe und, mit Rücksicht auf den Transport, ein nicht zu hohes Gewicht haben. Diesen Forderungen entsprechen die bisher zur Anwendung als Bodengrund verwendeten Stoffe, wie Quarzkies, Granit, Gneis, Glimmer, Basalt, Schiefer, Marmorkies, Dolomit, Kalkspat, Tropfstein, Alabaster, Kalktuff, Sandstein, Bimsstein, versteinertes Holz, nicht. Es wurde gefusdes* daß überraschenderweise Schamotte, die bekanntlich im wesentliches aus Al2O3 und SiO2 besteht, ein hervorragender Boden~ grund für Aquarien ist, der alle Forderungen erfüllt, die man schon immer an einen Bodengrund stellte, und darüber -inaus weitere Vorteile hat. Schamotte ist frei von Kartebildasrr,, läßt sich in jeder Korngröße nach dem Brennprozeß sieben, ist ni Jit scharfkantig, enthält keine Schadstoffe, ist durch das Brennen steril, hat eine natürliche Färbung und ein günstiges Schüttgewicht, das im Vergleich zu dem als Bodengrund für Aquarien meistens verwendeten Quarzkies weniger als die Hälfte beträgt- The relevant specialist literature shows that the composition of the substrate in aquariums has been a controversial problem for decades and has not yet been solved in a satisfactory manner. As part of the overall biology of the aquarium, the substrate must be seen as a biological unit with specific requirements. Accordingly, for example, the substrate should contain the trace elements essential for the growth of aquatic plants law. which are released from the substrate by root acid, among other things, and are available to the plants. " . not be calcareous, and it is therefore recommended in the specialist literature to treat sand or gravel with hydrochloric acid before using it as a substrate to neutralize the hardness builders, which is cumbersome and time-consuming necessary supply of the soil with oxygen by water circulation is not guaranteed. Also, the soil must not be sharp-edged so that si'-h do not injure fish that are rooting and digging into the soil. Last but not least, the soil should not contain any pollutants for fish and plants that such as copper, even in the smallest quantities, can have serious consequences hst be sterile and, finally, of a natural color and, with regard to transport, not too heavy. The substances previously used as substrate, such as quartz gravel, granite, gneiss, mica, basalt, slate, marble gravel, dolomite, calcite, stalactite, alabaster, tufa, sandstone, pumice stone, petrified wood, do not meet these requirements. It was found that, surprisingly, chamotte, which is known to consist essentially of Al 2 O 3 and SiO 2 , is an excellent substrate for aquariums that meets all the requirements that have always been placed on a substrate, and more Has advantages. Chamotte is free from Kartebildasrr ,, can be sifted in any grain size after the firing process, is ni Jit sharp-edged, contains no harmful substances, is sterile due to the firing, has a natural color and a favorable bulk density, which in comparison to the substrate for aquariums mostly quartz gravel used is less than half
Ein weiterer Vorteil von Schamotte zur Verwendung als Bodeiigrund für Aqusfisa liegt darin, daß sie je nach dem zu ihrer Herstellung eingesetzten Ton Spurenelemente, wie Eisen, Mangan, Magnesium, Titan, Phosphor und Stickstoff, enthält Gegenüber allen bisher als Bodengrund verwendeten Stoffen für Aquarien hat die Schamotte den einmaligen Vorteil, daß der Schamottemasse zusätzlich weitere als Spurenelemente für die Aquarienbiologie gewünschte, im natürlichen Ton fehlende oder nicht üb Ton in ausreichender Menge vorliegende Eleisrnte, wie Kobait, Zink, Nickel, Zinn, Vanadium uad Wismut, vorzugsweise in Form von Salzen, zugesetzt werden können, so daß auch diese Elemente in der gebrannten Schamotte teils chemisch gebunden, teils physikalisch an die sehr kleinen Tonteilchen adsorbiert sind. Es ist also jetzt möglich, dem Aquarianer einen Bodengrund zur Verfugung zu stellen, der den besonderen Erfordernisses der vielartigen Aquarien entspricht.Another advantage of chamotte for use as a Bodeiigrund for Aqusfisa is that depending on the clay used for their production, trace elements such as iron, manganese, magnesium, Titanium, phosphorus and nitrogen, contains all of the substances previously used as a substrate for In aquariums, the chamotte has the unique advantage that the chamotte mass also has more than Trace elements desired for aquarium biology, lacking in the natural clay or not being incorporated into the clay sufficient amount of elements present, such as Kobaite, zinc, nickel, tin, vanadium and bismuth, preferably in the form of salts, can be added so that these elements are also in the fired Fireclay partly chemically bound, partly physically adsorbed on the very small clay particles are. So it is now possible to provide the aquarist with a substrate that supports the meets the special requirements of the diverse aquariums.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist für die Zwecke der Erfindung die Verwendung des in der Technik als Leichtschaipotte bekannten Stoffes, der bekanntlich aus einer 'ion-, Lehm-, Mergel- und einen hoben Gehalt an flüchtigen Kohlenwasserstoffen enthaltenden Masse in üblicher Weise durch Brennen hergestellt wird. Die beim Brennen entweichenden Kohlenwasserstoffe führen zu einer sehr porösen Schamotte, was für die Verwendung als Bodengrund für Aquarien sehr erwünscht istIt is particularly advantageous for the purposes of the invention to use the in the art as Leichtschaipotte known substance, which is known from one 'ion, clay, marl and one raised Content of volatile hydrocarbons-containing mass produced in the usual way by firing will. The hydrocarbons escaping during burning lead to a very porous Chamotte, which is very desirable for use as a substrate for aquariums
Nach dem Brennen wird die Schamotte gesiebt. Als Bodengrund ist eine Schamotte nut einer Korngröße von 1 bis 4 mm erwünschtAfter the firing, the chamotte is sieved. A chamotte of one grain size is used as the substrate from 1 to 4 mm desired
Es ist selbstverständlich auch möglich, gebrannte Schamotte (Leichtschamotte) darch Mischen mit gewünschten Spurenelementen zu versetzen.It is of course also possible to mix fired chamotte (light chamotte) with the desired one To add trace elements.
Claims (2)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19681815555 DE1815555C2 (en) | 1968-12-19 | 1968-12-19 | Substrate for aquariums |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19681815555 DE1815555C2 (en) | 1968-12-19 | 1968-12-19 | Substrate for aquariums |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE1815555B1 DE1815555B1 (en) | 1970-10-01 |
| DE1815555C2 true DE1815555C2 (en) | 1971-05-19 |
Family
ID=5716664
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19681815555 Expired DE1815555C2 (en) | 1968-12-19 | 1968-12-19 | Substrate for aquariums |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE1815555C2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2754977B1 (en) * | 1996-10-24 | 1999-01-15 | Lazzarotto Michael | AQUARIUM BACKGROUND ELEMENTS |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE25000C (en) * | TH. A. EDISON in Menlo-Park, New-Jersey (V. St. A.) | Process for dividing the current of an electric machine into parts of different electromotive force, as well as for regulating the current by the use of several brushes | ||
| DE1204013B (en) * | 1963-10-22 | 1965-10-28 | Hermann Kraft | Ceramic bodies with contact agents for cleaning and disinfecting aquarium water |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DD25000A (en) * |
-
1968
- 1968-12-19 DE DE19681815555 patent/DE1815555C2/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE25000C (en) * | TH. A. EDISON in Menlo-Park, New-Jersey (V. St. A.) | Process for dividing the current of an electric machine into parts of different electromotive force, as well as for regulating the current by the use of several brushes | ||
| DE1204013B (en) * | 1963-10-22 | 1965-10-28 | Hermann Kraft | Ceramic bodies with contact agents for cleaning and disinfecting aquarium water |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE1815555B1 (en) | 1970-10-01 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| E77 | Valid patent as to the heymanns-index 1977 | ||
| 8339 | Ceased/non-payment of the annual fee |