DE1813292A1 - Helical antenna and process for its manufacture - Google Patents

Description

Patent attorney Dlpl.-Ing. Rudolf Möbus 1813 292

REUTLINGEN HINDENBURQSTRASSE65 TELEPHONE (07121) 34718

P 876

Applicant:

Ofii.ce Hafcionel (i'stvidee et de Recherches Aerospatialee (0 »N« EoUoAo) _p

29, avenue de la DIvIs ¹ Acn Ledere »

Chat !!, loii-a ^^ s ^ Bagiiinix, France

In screw form, yaid

Process ^ PDO of their manufacture

di ^ g concerns an antenna that consists of an eJ.nsi » helically on one having a longitudinal axis The surface of the wound conductor is formed One end with aineia point of a level Maae ladder

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connected and the other end is insulated , and which is provided with elements for connection to an operating circuit. These are antennas for sending and / or receiving high-frequency signals _p, in particular antennas »whose spatial dimensions both in the direction of the Anteiinenachs® as also in the transverse direction compared to ζητ mean operating wavelength is very small

The reduction of the space required by antennas to achieve very small dimensions in comparison to the operating wavelength of the antennas is of great interest because it allows the gluing to be accommodated in confined spaces, reduces their weight and increases their mechanical strength Without the measures according to the invention mentioned below, however, the impedance of the antennas leads to an increased negative reactance in series with a very low radiation resistance mediocre and the prequens bandwidth remains very narrow »

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The invention was based on the problem of antennas with one Create some letter tu, coiled in the shape of a cylindrical or conical screw, which is able to emit a wave whose electrical field is linear in polarized in a direction parallel to the axis of the screw and which results in a polar radiation diagram »that in One of them is rotated to this axis Terlaufflen level is practically circular, with the antenna dimensions ta Comparison of the operational length in the open air are small; and which allows very different external shapes, so that they can be used in different ways. cases «or can be adapted well. In addition, the efficiency of the antenna should be close to that of sound classic half-wave dipoles, which work with a good degree of efficiency, because they are connected to a transmitter or a receiver via a coaxial line are.

to adapt an antenna to a source of supply or to improve a loading garbage can in a known method, non-radiating elements are added to the radiating part of the antenna, in such a way that dafi a unit standing in resonance with the operating frequency

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arises. So it is known about a horleontal ladder to load the entire length of a vertical antenna, the lower "end of which is connected to ground let"

Antennas are also known »where the radiant © Head wound into a screw let to radiation of a circularly polarized wave. These Screw antennas are generally sent or eun sum receiving signals with wavelengths used »the much smaller bind ale the length of the unwound Head. But one has also tried to use them for wavelengths su use »which are equal to or greater than this developed length of the conductor«

Also known are screw antennas which emit a wave whose magnetic field is parallel in a direction The hood is polarized and has a radiation diagrave that is perpendicular to this axis running plane is exactly circular and at which one end of the eohraubenfuralg coiled conductor insulated or is connected to a conductive part which forms an end capacitance to ground, while the other end

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Bit let the conductor of a coaxial line be connected, whose external manager is connected to the cash register. These antennas but only have a medium degree of efficiency because their Impedane * ur coaxial line is very different from the characteristic Ibpedana of this coaxial line

Han can therefore generally say that the previously known Antennas of reduced size produce only mediocre results, either because the overvoltage coefficient of the circuit in which the antennas are inserted is narrow or narrow Losses are very high »be it» because of the impedance, which the antennas at the terminals of a supply source or a load, relative to its impedance for the circuit parts mentioned, a lot less "

The object is achieved, avoiding the disadvantages mentioned above, according to the invention by an antenna of the type mentioned, which is characterized in that its wavelength corresponding to a working frequency Λ la free tree and its total length Ij of the wound conductor _{meet the condition 0 s} 3 ^^ Jj ^ O, 45λ suffice and da8

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the Aneohlufieleoente with the ladder along a section this conductor are coupled, on the one hand by the with Hate alliances. The end of the ladder is limited and its length equal to a very small fraction of the wavelength JLlet *

In a first embodiment of the invention, the connection elements are connected by a direct connection of the connection for the operating circuit between the Masaeverbverbindaetelle and a closely adjacent and on the » Head formed lying position "

In a second embodiment of the invention the connection elements are formed by a magnetic coupling element, which over a short distance an auxiliary filter which extends parallel to that section of the antenna runs and is closely adjacent to this section, but is not in contact with it. An end to this help fell " section is connected to the Hasse level, and the The operating area is between this Masee level and the other End of the auxiliary parenting section switched »

In the following, different types of antennae designed according to the invention are described. In general, this can be said

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"Ρ!» ϊ ^ιι : '! Γ! !! Jill!'

Since £ «η understands by very small dimensions, ie compared to the operating wavelength, a diameter of the helix windings that can be reduced to a hundredth of the wavelength in free space and an axial antenna height that can drop to the fifth of this wavelength,» The reduction of the The dimensions of antennas designed according to the invention are therefore considerably greater than those of known antennas »

In the case of a cylindrical screw, the tests carried out by the applicant have shown that it is possible to vary the height and the Durohmesser of the imaginary cylinder on which the conductor is helically wound, provided that the product of the number of the turns H of the screw through the diameter d of the cylinder lies between one seventh and one tenth of the wavelength X in free space, which corresponds to the operating frequency. Gs must therefore apply

3/10 ^ Hd S X / 7
or even:

OpiO ^ Hd ^ t ^ 0, U (1)

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If the dimension of the surface is smaller than the diameter of the cylinder, then the length L of the length of the axis is equal to the dimension (Hffd). In the case of antennas designed on the contrary, elco applies to the ratio ⁴ J /% t

£ 0.30 L / ^^ 0.45 (2)

In the event that the screw is wound not cylindrically but conically, the large one becomes thru the Half sum of the diameter of the first turn and the plumbed turn of the screw.

How such an antenna works and the advantages with regard to their efficiency can be explained as follows

While the helical curling of the conductor causes We prevent the electromagnetic energy from spreading in very large proportions, who is sat facing the Sohraubenaohee knows. ■ assume that the Ausbreltungsgeeohwindigkelt this same Energy along the conductor itself is somewhat reduced compared with the Ausbreltungsgeschwliidlgkelt "the at" same conductor occurs when it is straight.

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Since the length of the helically wound conductor at the working frequency is greater than a quarter of the wavelength in free space, and since its upper end is insulated while its lower end is connected to ground (or connected to a flat hatch conductor), it forms that is, along this conductor, a current distribution that has an intensity maximum at a point that is close to the lower end of the conductor. In the vicinity of this point it makes a Local impedans which strongly varies with a displacement of the Meflpunktee along the conductor "If you beseichnet with \ is the wavelength along the conductor and χ, the distance of the measuring point from the lower conductor end 'can be the Impedans through a puncture of the type Z ν sin ( 2nx ), where Z is a very high impedance value and the function changes very sharply in the order of χ = * 0 represent _{p «}

In the vicinity of the lower end of the antenna, which is connected to Hasse, one can precisely determine a tap point at which the occurring impedance is measured between this point and the Hasse, lies in the vicinity of a previously given Xmpedans, for example the characteristic impedance of a coaxial feed line «

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In addition, from the above Avmttttam gene with regard to the electrical conditions in addition to the ground plane of the antenna, these are exactly like a half-wave antenna, the favorable properties of which are known.

In addition, it can also be seen that the above named choice of tapping point allows an impedance * perform conversion by converting the value of the above-mentioned radiation resistance into a favorable value im With a view to adapting to a coaxial supply line

It is known that the maximum power that can be obtained from an antenna fed by a given supply source can be broadcast, from the ratio of their physical dimensions to the wavelength in the open space

depends only to the extent to which the value of this ratio makes it difficult to adapt the supply line to a radiation resistance that is too small and so the losses due to consumption in the passive resistances that are always present in the system become predominant.

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Basically it is due to the fact that the object of the discovery is due indeed each ·, daft · γ the aforementioned «adaptation ia Realized in a satisfactory way that the energy supplied by the shaft is very efficient Transformed radiation energy

Further features and advantages of the invention result from calibration aue of the following ear friction in connection with the Drawing on which various executions Invention objects are represented more or less echeaatically.

In one’s own «special VIg. 1 to 5 different display forums τοη Antennas according to the invention;

Fig. 6 to 9 different antennas according to the invention, combined with a "roof" deducted capacitive loading at their top;

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Pig. 10 to 14 15a », 15b

16 to 18 different levels for hearing Splitting of antennas gea & fi der Invention.

FIG. 1 shows a particular embodiment of an antenna according to the invention which can be accommodated in the tip of a projectile. A conductor 41, the length of which is drawn out corresponds to about 0.4 A, is wound in a conical snail, the cone determined by the course of the center line of the conductor having a raw sea level of approximately λ / 40 and a height of approximately λ / 25. The connection of the conductor is effected at the point 47 in the vicinity of the outer end 46 of the antenna, which is laid at Hasse, by the back conductor of a coaxial line 45, the outer conductor 44 of which is connected to the till 45. This antenna has a bandpass with 5dB attenuation of 3 # of the drive frequency and a lower efficiency of less than 0.5dB compared to that of a half-wave dipole. The investigations carried out by the applicant have shown that it is possible to

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The outer geo-geometric shape of aerodynamic antennas in very large areas while maintaining optimum effectiveness for wavelengths which are much larger than the spatial dimensions. The best possible adaptation of the named antennas to the conditions given by a specific application can be achieved, for example to the stability, "the aesthetic appearance," the accomodation, etc., ₉ with the proviso that "the exact conditions are taken into account, which are defined by the equation mentioned at the beginning ( 1) are given, which relates to the product Nd la relationship with the wavelength *

FIG. 2 relates to a first type of cylindrical antenna which is designed according to the invention. This antenna has a conductor 51 made of silver-plated brass wire with a diameter of 2 mm, which is wound helically around a carrier 52. This support is formed from two plates 53 and 54, which are perpendicular to each other and made of layered plaat material, for example plastic glass (verre epoxyde). These two plates form a kind of turnstile, the axis of which forms the antenna axis. The durometer

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of the cylinder on which the screw is wound, is 50 na and its height is 100 sun · The antenna has five turns and the wire length is β tv * 80 β ». The carrier is attached to a Hessing base plate 55 » which plays the role of the earth or Haaeeansehluea ·· un * a thickness of 2 mm and a Durohmeaser tone 70 na having.

This antenna is for operation with a prequens of 137 MHb determines »which is a wavelength of 3,« 2 »18a is equivalent to. So the following applies:

_0f4

2.18 and

£, / Λ * 0.80 β Q _f 37 2p 18

The inner conductor of the coaxial supply line 56 is connected to the antenna wire at location 57 which is approximately 1 cm from the grounded end 59 of the wire away. It follows that the distance between the antenna end placed at the cash register and the supply point corresponds to exactly 1/200 of the wavelength ο

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The efficiency of an antenna according to FIG. 2 is very close to that of a half-wave dipole _t, the abatand is between 0.5dB to IdB ₁ and its bandwidth of the order of magnitude of 1 £ of the mean operating frequency is definitely more extensive than that previously known Antennas with reduced dimensions.

FIG. 3 shows a modified antenna guide »in which the area» that passes through the center line of the conductor is determined, is no longer a cylinder, but a truncated cone that is more obtuse than that in Figure 1. The The mode of operation of such an antenna is just as satisfactory as that of one in conjunction with FIG. 2 described antenna, on condition that one dl « Observe equation (1), in which d now represents the arithmetic mean of the diameter of the base circles of this truncated cone. In the antenna shown in FIG. 3, the antenna wire old is the reference digit 61 »dl · Hasse Ebene with the reference number 65 »the inner conductor of the coaxial feed line with Besugseiffer 66, the connection point old BeeugsElffer 6? » the coaxial line denoted with the reference number 68 and the antenna end connected to Hasse with the reference number 69.

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Tests have finally shown that the helical antennas with very difference loan shapes ( "the surface of which is formed by the Hittellinie the conductor _P may for example also be a dumbbell surface of a truncated cone having an elliptical base area) provide very satisfactory results, provided ₄ that the Equation (1) is taken into account, in which d indicates the mean diameter, which is defined by

^di * * ² * ^d 3 * * ⁴ * ^d 5 * ^dg

^Here , A ₁ and

dg the lengths of the ellipse axes "which form the large cone base, d _g and dg the lengths of the ellipse axes" which form the small cone base, and d "and dj the lengths of the axes of the ellipse which lies in the middle between the two bases"

Such arrangements can be completed by additional devices which, for example, regulate the resonance frequency, allow the antenna impedance to be regulated or the dimensions to be reduced, with the same benefits are retained. Such a

- 1?

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directions are below for the sake of simplicity in the Application to a cylindrical antenna shown in Figure 2 described »but these devices could also be applied, for example, to an antenna according to Figure 3»

A first complementary device shown in FIG relates to a fixed or variable capacitor 91, on the one hand at a point 92 with which the Antenna-forming conductor and, on the other hand, connected to the Hasse 55 lot «regardless of or in combination with it another capacitor 93 can be inserted in the conductor 51 in series. These capacitors allow that Setting the resonance frequency of the antenna in its operational range "

Fig. 5 shows another additional device, which in this case an antenna tap with the help of a magnet « coupling concerns. The center conductor of the coaxial line 58 runs parallel to the conductor 51 over a length of thread 101 and is not connected to conductor 51. This length 101 can be adjustable and is at 102

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connected to Hasse ₀ to Week control the distance between the Brahtabschnitt Tol and the conductor 51 may also be adjustable "Ea is possible to adapt the impedance of the antenna to that of the coaxial line. In FIG. 10 telescope-like spreading parts 103 are shown, with which a desired adjustment of the distance between the wires 51 and 101 is possible.

Figure β relates to his other additional device _o The end 157 of the conductor 5 'is connected to the center of a non-radiating "brook" 111, which is formed by radial lines: c 112 and a sliding 113, which are arranged in a plane parallel to the Hasae level _o The addition of such a "roof" allows the antenna to be used for a wavelength that is greater than the wavelength for which this antenna was designed without this stream »

Figure 7 relates to a modification of this device which the brook no longer through a parenting «, but is formed by a metal disk 121, which is designed and arranged in the same way o

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FIG. 8 shows an advantageous embodiment Roof, with variable area, practically a variation of the Heeonans wavelength between that for a Sehraubena & tenne without a roof up to a certain wavelength BU of a wavelength allows the more alp 3QS6 over it lies. This Daoh becomes duroh independent of each other adjustable pallets 121 are formed, which are mounted rotatably about a common axis 122 and are enclosed between the stops 125 and 124. These pallets can be spread out like the wings of a fan. The lower stop 124 is with the end 157 of the sohrau « required antenna connected If η the view! of the pallets, each of them can cover a sector of a circle whose opening angle is slightly greater than 360 / n Degree is. So you have the possibility to open or Closing this compartment so formed will greatly change the capacitance of the capacitor formed by the Daoh and the Maaee plain of the antenna will.

In the following Table I parameters are listed which have the following meaning s

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Screw lake: ,,, .. • «•« .. »••••••••« ••••••• A Sohraubenigeigungs ......... · .. · · · ρ Rest of the screw: ..,., ..., .. ».». ». · "H Reeonansfrequenst. ·. ·· .. ··. * ·· .. ·· *. ·. ······ ••••••••••• f Resonance wavelength: ....... ·. ··············· »* ··

Quotient:

Quotient *. ····. ·· d / JL

Quotient t

Quotient:.....

For various designs according to the invention 8 high hood antennas:

Table I.

d m : '" ■ 10 50 30th 58 20th • I. 50 10 25th 30th H ; 129 5 158 6, i 145 135 165 9 135 Nd ⁴ 50 2? 0 150 ; __ _r 247. 150 195 00 W _n 270 ρ in 2320 ! 20th 2170 10 2060 2260 1820 20th 2220 f MHs 0.107 ; i34 0.116 142 0.119 0.1 föj 0 * 123 15t 0.102 h mi 2.16 100 2,? 2 65 1.85 1.6Ϊ 180 λ m 2.17 2240 6.90 2120 6.20 9.1Ö 1980 12.50 Hd / ^ i "! 0.112 56 0.116: 58 56: 45 0.113 (d / ^) io ² 2.26 1.78; 1.26 (h / a) 10 ² 4.50 3 9 '10 WX Mon ² : 36 "57 I.
• *
m i 40

- "21 r

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In the table below, the following designations are chosen for several conical screw antennas designed according to the invention:

Diameter of the large cone base: ... .dj

Diameter of the small cone base χ ............. d2

Half-tree diameter: · .... <> d

Number of turns: .............. H

Product: ο .. Hd

Height of the truncated cone: · ......... «... _o h

Resonance frequency:. »« Ο »,. »Of

Hesonance wavelength: .... «. Ο .... ο ^ L

Quotient:. ο Nd / *

Quotient: ·. <> « Λ / \

Quotient:. «..... ο ..... ο.« ... α. <>. h / Λ *

Quotient: 6 ο

■ Table II

d ₁ ma 100 4.5 4.5 ....... 70 ...... i ...... ^ 50 ι 7.5 dp mm 50 292 292 6th 25th 5, £ 7.5 20th 263 d mm _vv fö 90 ' 135 288 ... 43. 264 2.63 210 • H 4.5 . ·? 129 129 60 5.75 175 ι 80 7.5 s 128; (Nd 292 2-300 23ΙΟΟ 132 276 263! 2500 / hum 45 α, 127 j 0.127 2300 120 23Öyi : · Ϊ́δΟόί 150: Often 14 ( t ΜΗ « 131 ,! 2.83, 2.83 0.125 129 132, $; λ me Cg 2300; 4 · ι 6th 2.09 2300 * - .-- e I Hd / a 0.127 38 ι 38 2.61 0.120 7 »# 1i ■ '' ■ ^ V.48: 0ri44: (d / Miof 2 Pol 90! §83 3 / 38 2.09 38ί.ι 38 ι %, 52ί 22 - (h / *,) ioj ■■■■ ^: 2 i 0392 5 »2Ο «V52 i (ί / λΛΤΡ *: 38 38 38 ι · »

See results from these tables

a) that the quotient M / X is less than the values 0.10 and 0.14 according to condition (1) j

b) that the size L / ^ is always 0.30 and 0.45 corresponding to condition (2) is

ο) that taking these two conditions into account, one can change the ratio d / ^ of the cylinder diameter or the sum of the legs of the diameter of the tapered base surfaces to the wavelength and the ratio h / \ of the antenna height to the wavelength within relatively large limits without practically increasing the power to decrease. The set limits are as follows: 0.01 6s d / * ^ s 0.04 "-

0.02 ^ h / λ "· - ■ - 0.125 that means that d between ^ / 100 and ^ / 25 and that h awiechen \ / 5Q and χ / 8 must be«

On the other hand - as has already been mentioned above - the distance of the tapping point from the ends of the antenna connected to the cash register is approximately 1/200 of the wavelength ₀

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In the Torangegangeaen Bruchteruneea the latvr is the Maaeeebone left untimed. Ss understands «Ιου, dafi the NMtHteM the metal jacket «In ·· * ahrse« ea, # 1 « a ·· Ossohosses etc. »a kenn.

In the following, a procedure for special practice B and economical production of antennas according to the invention

The well-known Sohranbenante & nen are kept sufficiently undeformable »in accordance with their conditions of use. Either the · is achieved by the Eigeneteifigkeit de · Head ·, from which they "eind formed, or by ZU8atieleKente _i like Maaten, Stttteen and Bender or wrapped by a Ieolationekern on which it ·

Such devices coepliege with the structure, we · » They are unaesthetic, add weight and cost of the antennas and are approved, especially in the case of series production 'if' antennas with small dimensions are to be realized.

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909833/0892 ^Bad ° ^ GINal

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, However, is hersueteilen lightweight antennas which have an aesthetically "* AaaBBhm Bine object of the invention äußeret are stable and have rollkoumen reproducible parameters ·

Those made by the method according to the invention Antennas can have matching and regulating elements, such as Bacher »variable or immutable capacitors »and are suitable to be clad with the help of a material su» for example with a polymerizable hair with an outer shape » and a color that can be selected so that their appearance can be adapted to any particular application.

The fire will be cylindrical or conical A hood antenna formed by rolling a flexible sheet made of a dielectric onto it Surface a metallic conductor of low thickness is permanently attached.

In the exemplary embodiment of a cylindrical antenna according to FIGS

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One yob of the production of printed circuits known from Velae permanently attached to a rectangular sheet 210 made of a dielectric flexible material, a conductor strip 211, which consists of a metal foil thin cut let »for example aue of a copper foil · A dielectric material layered on glass fibers or epoxy hair can be used as a dielectric material Serve sheet. Then the sheet 210 is rolled so that it forms a cylinder with end faces running at right angles to the longitudinal axis. The role is then indicated by brackets, Riveting, gluing or other suitable treatment kept in their shape "

The dimensions of the rare 212, 213, 214 and 215 de · dielectric sheet 210, the length of the conductor 211 and its angle of inclination 216 are chosen so that the rare 214 by rolling the sheet to a parallel su and 215 running axis is formed from a series of successive layers, the number of which corresponds to the number of screw turns achieved. In the case of the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 11, the antenna body is composed, for example, of three layers of the dielectric sheet 210.

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forms, and the leader 211 asked the forum one out of three Turns existing screw.

Figures 12 and 13 are analogous representations «u dl Figures 10 and 11 and show how a helical cylindrical antenna is manufactured in the same way, which has various adaptation and regulation elements.

Conductor 221, which corresponds to conductor 211, is over part of sides 222 and 223 of the dielectric Sheet 220 extended by end webs 224 and 225 and weiat a connecting arm 226 that is perpendicular to the su End web 225 and runs in the direction of this web. In the vicinity of the end web 225 is a connecting plate 227 arranged «

By rolling the dielectric sheet 220 in the in Connection with the sheet 210 described manner receives the tubular body of the antenna shown in FIG.

In this figure, the end web 224 of the conductor 221 is provided with a non-radiating element or "roof" 231 made of

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• Ine through a ringfuralge soldering parts 2J2 TertmnAem, Btr Boundeteg 225 let la same white old eiiwr Mewiaggrttniplatte 239 * »rbunden. The antenna is fed by a coaxial cable, the line conductor 234 of which, for example, is via a · soldered connection old the vertical plate "227 wrbunden solder" while its outer conductor 235 old the onmd plate 233 let ·

On a conductor 237 Γβτ an inductive coupling connects Terblndungepiattoben 227 alt dea Endeteg 225 · Am adjustable Abetiaakondensator 238 is connected to the connection area 226 and the base plate 235.

FIG. 14 shows an axial section through the figure 13 eoheaatlaoh antenna shown. Ana alehts this cut ■ to the fact that the sndeteg 224 of the conductor · 221 old dea Meaelngdaoh 231 through a brazed part 232 and that the sndeteg 225 old of the base plate 253 connected let. The base plate bedeteht from an oaesiren brass cohabitation, In velohe «Int Ring groove 330 to accommodate the lower cable of the antenna body. The attachment will by clamping or soldering the · Endetegc · 225 In the hat 330 effects.

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The opposite end of the base plate let through a Threaded continuations 331 extended, the sub fastening of the antenna on a support by attaching a nut> 32 determined let. The screw continuation 33t has a bore "3" which ends in a cable connection 334 for the receptacle and for fastening the coaxial supply cable for the antenna is used, its inner conductor 234 with the connecting plate 227 and its outer conductor 235 with the Base plate 233 is connected.

An opening 241 ₉ extending through the successive layers of the dielectric sheet 220 allows access to the regulating element in the form of the tuning capacitor 238 located inside the antenna body. After adjustment, this element, as well as the inner connecting parts of the antenna body, can be fixed in position, for example, by insoles in a polymer-soluble Hars 242.

In the modification foni shown in FIGS. 15a and 1b, there are βineβ dielectric on both sides Sheet 250 conductors 251 each arranged parallel to one another, the conductors on each side correspondingly

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are symmetrical about a plane passing through the center of the thickness of the dielectric sheet.

The angle of inclination 254 of the conductors is chosen so that after the dielectric sheet has been rolled in, a single helical line results and the ends of the conductors on one side and the ends of the conductors on the other side correspondingly coincide, and thus a helical line shown in FIG form ₀ The conductors are connected to each other at points 255 by soldering «

Pike-angular, not provided with ladders hest area and 253 are provided at each end of the sheet 250 and serve as overlapping points in the area thereof the formation of the antenna body the ends of the sheet, for example by stapling or gluing together get connected".

Figures., And 18 are schematic principle representations, which correspond to Figures 10 and 11 and the show two essential process steps in the manufacture of a conical screw antenna. On Figure 17 one sees the spread out mantle of a truncated cone

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with one? circular base. Piping surface is formed by a dielectric sheet 260, on the surface of which a conductor 261 is fixed. Figure 18 shows the frustoconical antenna, which is curled up by of the dielectric sheet 260 let "

The embodiments described above relate to screw antennas with a cylindrical or conical Shape with a circular base and constant screw pitch. The invention extends but also to a method for the production of cylindrical or frustoconical Sohrauben antennas with a non-circular base, for example a elliptical base and / or a variable screw pitch.

In particular in the case of an antenna according to FIGS. 17 and 18 where due to the non-straight course of the The conductor of this conductor cannot be formed from a metal tape which is attached to a sheet of dielectric material is glued, can also be based on the technique of partial Metal coating of a surface of this sheet

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are used} an iCeciinik, which for example analog the technology for the division of printed circuits is "

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Claims (1)

PB ₁ 1 e η ta η a ρ r ü ehe Antenna, which is formed from a single, helically wound on a geometric surface having a longitudinal axis, one of which is connected to a point of a flat ground conductor and the other end is insulated, and which is provided with elements for connection to a plant circuit _f characterized _f that its wavelength λ corresponding to an item frequency. in free space and their total length L of the wound conductor _ (41,51,6T, 211,221,25.1,261) satisfy the condition Ö, 3 * £ £ ^ 0, and that the connection elements (e.g. 57,101) with the conductor (zE, 51) are coupled along a section of this conductor which is limited on the one hand by the conductor end (e.g. 59) connected to ground (zoBo 55) and whose length is equal to a very small fraction of the wavelength λ ο 2, antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the geometric area is circular cylindrical and at - 33 9098 337 0892 : ii ii,;, | j 111 |! || 1! IM "^" I! '■ "! Ii'llfriNf ¹ ^ jI ¹ ! Y | Ι | Ι!; Ϊ́ | ρ: ΠΊ | ΐι <!: Η'. '!! li - 53 - a number N of conductor turns, in the case of an office knife d of the fabric a and the operating waves " length λ the relation holds; - Antenna according to claim 1 »characterized in that the surface of the lateral surface of a truncated cone with circular bases and that with a Ansahl H from conductor turns si and at a diameter d dex * area, measured halfway between the large and the small base of the truncated cone the relationship is: 4ο antenna according to claim 1, gekennaelehnet in the area DAFL the lateral surface of a truncated cone with elliptical base areas, and that at a Aneahl .Ν of!, Eiterwindungenund with a diameter d _p of the arithmetic mean of the lengths of the major and minor axes of the large and small base area of the truncated cone, the relationship applies: - 54 909833/0892 5 * Antenna according to claim i _r characterized in that the ArisehluBeleraente are formed by a · direct connection for the derivation of the operating price between the ground point (zoBo 46) and another "closely adjacent point (soB" 47) located on the loiter » ■ ■ ο Antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that the distance between the one point (46) and the other point (47) about t / 200 of the operating wavelength is o 7ο antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the connection elements are formed by a magnetic coupling device, which has a short auxiliary conductor section (101), which is tight but contactless parallel to said section of the antenna conductor (51) runs, and one end (102) of which is connected to the ground plane (55), the operating circuit between the ground plane (55) and the other end of the auxiliary line » terabechnitts (101) connected solder ¹ '1'"IPiUi] Ii ¹ IiI ¹ J !! iii'iiiiisiiiHifii !; '"»!" ¹ !'! '! »!!'''!' is: »» 35 - Antenna 1st completed according to claim 1, characterized in that _f is a variable capacitor (91) between a point (92) dee conductor (51) and the ground conductor (55)., So antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that an adjustable capacitor (93) is connected in series with the conductor (51), 1Oo antenna according to claim I ₅ , characterized in that the conductor end C157) not connected to the Hasse level is connected to a conductive element (111) which can form a capacitive charge with respect to ground (55) ο 11, antenna according to claim 10, characterized in that the conductive element (1Π) is formed by straight conductors (112) corresponding to the circumference and the rays of a Kraiaee are arranged ο 121, antenna after Ans ^ iuuh iü _? characterized in that the conductive element is a flat metallic conductive plate (121) .. "56 909833/08 9 2 - ^ ^Ο ^ c "/ indoor according to claim 10, characterized in that the conductive element through several plates (1.21) in Form of circular sectors is formed in their Angular position adjustable around a common axis (122) are . Hn antenna according to Claim 1, characterized in that the ladder (e.g.- 211) on a sheet (z «, B» 210) or a film made of a flexible dielectric material adheres, the "self-wrapped and by stapling" gluing ο οdgl »is kept in this rolled shape» 15 ·> Antenna according to claim 13, characterized in that the adhesive conductor (211) is in the form of a thin metal tape has ο 16e antenna according to claim 13 *, characterized in that the conductor is in the form of a metallic tape and by metallizing part of the surface of the dielectric sheet is formed 37 90 98 33/08 92 17 "antenna according to claim 13? Characterized, that they additional devices for adjustment and regulation, Examples of elements (233) are more capacitive Charge and fixed capacitors on know the naoh der Adjustment by embedding in a meltable or polymerislerhares dielectric material (242) fixed sinäo 18o method of producing an antenna according to one of claims 1 to 17 _p characterized in that the guide (2 ", 3" 211) is in the form of a metal feandea or a 3-strip-shaped metal coating or several separate ₉ parallel strips on a flexible Sheet (210) of dielectric material at an angle, preferably in a diagonal direction _; applied and then the sheet is bent into an at least one-layer cylinder or truncated cone and fixed in this position by staples * stapling or gluing aioh overlapping sheet areas. 909833/0892 $ 5 Blank page