DE1813234A1 - New product for the activation and development of the plant metabolism and for the preparation of agricultural soils - Google Patents

Description

New product for the activation and development of the plant metabolism and for the preparation of agricultural soils.

It is well known that lignins have an effect on formation in nature the humus matter in the soil with, this formation from the presence favorable temperature conditions and takes place in an alkaline and oxidizing environment. Above Modifications of redox character caused by dehydration are accompanied, the lignins lead to brown, non-nitrogenous compounds that have an acidic function and have some characteristics in common with the humin derivatives (lignin acids or humin lignin acids).

In the following phase, the lignic acids combine with some nitrogenous substances and produce the different ones Humus substances (humic acid, humic acid, humic, humus coal).

In summary it can be said that the lignin derivatives Contribute to the formation of humus substances in the soil and, through chemical and biochemical processes, get to some nitrogenous Binding substances of the soil in order to become the humane acids to lead. In any case, this natural formation takes place within a period of many years »

The stimulating effect of humic acid on the crops lies mainly in the strengthening of the fermentation mechanisms

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Cell and in the activation of the oxygen supplyi as well as in the consequent greater assimilation of nutrients and the faster growth of the root system. ^; :

The industrially produced lignins, i.e. those which obtained from the alkaline process for wood digestion * are by their nature insoluble in water and slightly soluble in alkali. Will they be in the state in which ' they find themselves broken into agricultural soil, then they practice therefore only a weak and slow effect.

The lignin sulfonates of alkali and alkaline earth metals, on the other hand, are sufficiently soluble in water and, in addition to the properties of the lignins, also have a surface-active and dispersing effect. If they are introduced into ^r agricultural soil, then they exert · from the same their surfactant functions, favoring the exchange relations between the ground Nähreiementen and contained the roots of the plants and the Nährmöglichkeit as well as the utilization of the soil by increase thereof.

In order to achieve advantageous results in terms of plant growth, treatments using large amounts of lignins or their derivatives, which have reached a completely uneconomical level, are required for many years. For this reason, their use in agricultural practice is extremely limited or excluded.

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According to the invention it has now been shown that the Combination of lignin or lignin sulfonates or at least one lignin derivative with aliphatic amino alcohols forms a product which has the property of promoting a rapid and strong development of plant cultures even in the poorest agricultural soils, and in small amounts Doses to be effective, making this product particularly useful in agricultural use and proves very effective.

This new product is obtained by using lignin or a lignin derivative for 7-15 days at room temperature the amino alcohol is combined, unless the specified higher temperatures and / or suitable catalysts Shorten the time.

The product has an oily, rather viscous shape and a more or less alkaline pH, depending on the combination ratios lignin: amino alcohol or lignin sulfonate: amino alcohol.

The lignin used is preferably one that comes from the alkaline process for wood digestion, Does not contain sugar, hemicelluloses and other easily decomposable or fermentable foreign substances. A lignin sulfonate is preferably used as the lignin derivative, which is derived from a lignin which has the mentioned purity characteristics.

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A lower aliphatic mono-, di- or triamino alcohol is preferably used as the aliphatic amino alcohol. Triaminoethyl alcohol (triethanolamine) has proven to be particularly suitable and expedient.

The product obtained by the combination of the lignin or a lignin derivative and the amino alcohol is in Water and soluble in alcohols.

A few possible types are given below purely by way of example the preparation of the product.

1) 1 kg of lignin and 9 kg of triethanolamine are at room temperature mixed together until a uniform suspension forms. The mixture will last for a few days, preferably 7-15 days, left to stand. One observes a certain amount of ammonia development and oxygen absorption and a liquid product is obtained, which in his Distribution in the soil actively promotes the development and growth of plants. In an analogous manner, other proportions of lignin and triethanolamine are used.

2) 2 kg of lignosulfonate and 5 kg of triethanolamine are mixed together and at! Left to stand at room temperature (preferably for 10-15 days) until a complete solution forms. It develops ammonia and at the same time, oxygen absorption is observed. That Tcb is obtained when it is in small doses in the earth

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soil is extremely effective in promoting plant growth.

3) 1 kg of lignin and 3 kg of triethanolamine are mixed for 30 hours ^{while maintaining a temperature of 55 ° C.} Ammonia develops and oxygen is absorbed, forming a product which, when distributed in the soil in small doses, promotes plant growth.

4) 1 kg of lignin sulfonate and 2 kg of triethanolamine are mixed for 40 hours while maintaining on the one temperature of 50 ⁰ C. The evolution of ammonia and the absorption of oxygen are observed with the formation of a product which, when distributed in small doses in the soil, is suitable for promoting plant growth.

5) 1 kg of lignosulfonate and 3 kg of monoethanolamine are like in example ;. 1 indicated mixed with each other and left to act, with one to promote the Plant growth effective product is obtained.

6) The procedure is according to Examples 1 and 4, only that instead of triethanolamine, other amino alcohols, such as diethanolamine, monopropanolamine, diisopropanolamine, etc. be used.

To facilitate the preparation of the products listed above, lignin or lignin sulfonate was used in some cases before coming into contact with the triethanolamine

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dispersed or dissolved in water. The amount of water used never exceeded the ratio in parts by volume 10: 1 with respect to triethanolamine. When magnifying, this ratio tends to precipitate the lignins.

For practical use and distribution in the agricultural ^^. the product can be used as such, as well as both

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for example diluted in water or any solid Carrier, if it is compatible with the soil, incorporated be applied.

The product obtained in this way shows an actual ability in the agricultural soil that is normally insoluble in the soil Inorganic and organic nutrient elements contained in the state can be dissolved quickly and effectively, making their faster and more effective enables more effective assimilation by the roots of the plants.

As is well known, the roots of the plants practice paralle.l in addition to its absorption function, it has a secretion activity through which small amounts of organic acids are secreted will. The purpose of dissolving nutrient elements and normally insoluble is ascribed to these organic acids allow them to be absorbed by the roots.

After "the product according to the invention contained many in the ground Dissolves nutrient elements, it puts these elements

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zein immediately available so that they are absorbed can be. That resulting from the mutual action of lignins or their derivatives and amino alcohol The product also has the ability to influence the physical state of agricultural soils, whereby it is their state of aggregation improved and thus gives the soil a more stable and uniform structure. This ability has a considerable importance of agronomic character, be it with regard to tillage, be it for building (air and water circulation in the ground, ac- ti activation of micropic processes, etc.).

As is well known, an optimal structure of the soil consists of the Association of the various particles that make up the soil (sand, mud, clay) in lumps, which have the effect of flushing out of the water must have good wisdom. On the other hand, it is known that the Formation and maintenance of the state of aggregation are determined by the organic substance, which with regard to of the structure of the soil has a twofold effect: · ™

a) it unites the clayey particles to form permanent porous ones Lumps which remove the clay fraction from dispersion and coagulation, the first of which is im Winter the swamping and suffocation of the soil and the second in summer an excessive density and volume shrinkage cause.

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b) By means of the humus compounds it connects the particles of larger dimensions (mud, sand) with one another, thereby avoiding the damage due to excessive looseness of the soil, - before a water dispersion as well as washing out the nutrients brings with it. .

The function of the organic substance as a regulator of the skin the soil is therefore of great importance.

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In practice, however, this function is limited by that the organic matter present in the soil is normally not uniformly distributed in the soil itself. This one .Restricting the beneficial effects of the organic matter Factor can be countered by using the product according to the invention, which the organic Substanss dissolves and thus mobilizes and causes their redistribution in the soil, thereby enabling them can exert its beneficial effect uniformly in the soil.

The better distribution of the organic substance achieved in this way leads to the formation of a more homogeneous one in the soil State of aggregation of a porous structure, whichever is more permanent and gives the possibility of better ventilation.

The product according to the invention; not only has a dissolving one Effect on organic substances, but also has an analogous effect on inorganic substances. genttber.

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A certain surface-active effect exerted by the product leads to the fact that it affects the roots of the plant it is made easier to absorb the nutritional elements that have already been dissolved by the product. The product has also have an ability to absorb oxygen, which suggests better aeration of the soil and at the same time it also has the ability to release ammonia. These two capabilities suggest that the product participates in the formation of humus compounds in the soil. As a result, the roots develop and absorb, as well as their emergence and growth stimulated by the plants. Total agricultural production is therefore extremely well funded.

Numerous laboratory tests and experiences on the Different cultures have the excellent properties of the product according to the invention in his field Application in agriculture confirmed. The product has proven to be absolutely non-toxic to humans and animals proven. It does not have any toxic effects on plants if it is distributed in the soil.

In the following examples of laboratory tests and field trials are for the sake of simplicity due to the mutual action of lignin and triethanolamine products obtained are denoted by XT x / y, where χ is the proportion by weight of lignin and y is the proportion by weight

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represents at Triäthanolaniin while analog with LST x / y, the products are referred to, which 'have as constituents of a lignin sulfonate and triethanolamine.

i.- Attempts at solving the organic and inorganic Substances of the soil.

Numerous attempts have been made in-which loosely, medium-hard and hard soils with different content of organic matter have been treated with various products LT and LST, which have a high triethanolamine content, such as LT 5/95 and LST IO / 9O. After 10 days, solutions were obtained by filtration, depending on the soil contained in the treated soil Amount of organic matter were more or less strongly colored between yellow and brown. About the percentage determine inorganic substances analyzed the solutions obtained. The analyzes carried out showed that there were significant amounts in the solutions of organic and inorganic substances such as phosphorus, potassium, zinc, iron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum, tin, nickel, Magnesium.

2, - solution of metals.

With the preparation examples described numerous tests have been carried out on prepared products, in which various metals of agricultural interest, such as micro-elements, with the products

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rend periods of 15 days were brought into contact. While these metals do not dissolve to any appreciable extent in water, they do dissolve to a significant extent in the products prepared according to the above examples. It. the following metals were tried: copper, Zinc, cadmium, manganese, bismuth, cobalt, iron, vanadium, nickel, tin. When these solutions are introduced into agricultural soils they show a remarkable effect of promoting plant growth, especially in soils that are exposed to it lacks the particular elements with which the product has been enriched.

3. Laboratory experiments on germinating seeds.

Recently produced grain was treated on filter paper in culture dish by covering the filter paper with an LST solution of various lignin and triethanolamine contents and a concentration of 1% o was soaked in water. Compared to the comparison sample (filter paper soaked only with water) a noticeably higher rate of germination could be observed of the grain can be observed. Similar results were achieved with products for which instead of triethanolamine, the ethanolamine or monoethanolamine was used. In these cases too, the most obvious characteristic effect in a rapid-eren Stimulation of germination.

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4 · Laboratory experiments on cultures in pots.

Vegetable, grain and clover cultures were grown with aqueous LT and LST solutions treated in different proportions. It In comparison to the untreated comparative samples, the emergence was several days and one earlier Achieved greater overall emergence in the cases treated.

In the middle an enlargement of the stem diameter was obtained by using the aforementioned products and the total production increased in the order of 35-100 wt.% To.

5.- Evidence attempt on cultures in the greenhouse.

The experiment was carried out in a moderately heated glass house on a uniform strip of earth that was very loose and porous, rich in organic matter (due to the abundant use of mature manure) and mineral nutrients (as a result of abundant fertilization with complex fertilizers containing phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium, as well as microelements) was.

The strip was divided into 13 parcels of equal size, of which one in the middle and two on the side for comparison were kept. On December 19, 1967, equal amounts of spinach and beet seeds were sown in rows on the plots.

After two days, the test plots were filled with aqueous 10 # solutions of the products LST 25/75, LST 50/50 LST 75/25 in cans corresponding to 75 and 150 kg of the product each

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Hectares treated.

These products were made up using ordinary watering cans poured the surface of the plots. The. treated plots and the control plots were evenly and poured regularly.

On January 26, 1968, an apparently premature emergence was observed in the plot treated with LST 50/50. On February 19, 1968, an apparently premature emergence and growth was observed in all treated plots compared to the comparison plots. This difference in favor of all treated plots subsequently increased, particularly in plots treated with LST 50/50. The spinach harvest was between 29 · 3 · 1968 and 8 April 1968 and that of beet between the 16 th. and April 23, 1968. On March 29, the 10 most beautiful spinach plants from each treated and control plots were harvested. The plants on the treated plots weighed about twice as much as those on the comparison plots. On April 8th, the entire spinach harvest was carried out. The unit weight of the plant-M zen the control plots averaged 4> 74 g »g of that of the plants of the treated plots on average 6.96. The mean increase in weight of the harvest was thus $ 47. The greatest increase resulted (as could be expected due to the early and constantly larger development) with the one with LST 50/50 with the larger can, ie with; 150 kg of the product per Heitar, treated plot. In this plot the average weight of the plants was 8.23 g

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an increase of 73%.

The beet harvest also showed excellent results with maximum peaks in favor of the treated plots with mean weight gains of 50% »

6, - Attempts to provide evidence in the field in June 1967 were carried out. .

a) The trial plots each had a surface of 40 square meters (2 x 20) and were divided into two equal parts, half of which faced north and the other half south. After the necessary preparatory operations of the soil, i.e. after plowing, harrowing, fertilizing (with mineral perphosphates and Thomas slag) and subdivision of the parcels, with as a comparative part the south-facing halves of the parcels were viewed; proceeded as follows;

Plot : Northern part treated with 100 g LT 15/85 (corresponding to a can of 50 kg / hectare)

2. parcel ; The northern part treated with 100 g LST 50/50 (corresponding to a can of 50 kg / hectare).

3rd parcel : Northern part treated with 200 g LT 25/75 (corresponding to a can of 100 kg / hectare).

4th parcel : Northern part treated with 200 g LST 25/75 (corresponding to a can of 100 kg / hectare).

5th parcel : Northern part treated with 300 g LT 50/50 (corresponding to a can of 150 kg / hectare.

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The treatment was carried out with aqueous solutions of the product, obsessed the concentrations of about $ 5-10 and the distribution was carried out by sprinkling with normal sprinkler pumps.

Plot 1 was planted with spinach, plot 2 with transplanted tomatoes, plot 3 with young grass plants, parcel 4 with parsley and parcel 5 with Neapolitan Head salad planted.

Immediately afterwards the plots were sprinkled with water. The results were as follows:

Emergence - In all of the treated plots, premature emergence and greater uniformity compared to controls could be observed.

Growth - All plants planted in the treated plots showed much greater growth than those in the untreated parts.

The spinach plants compared to the comparison plants an almost threefold development.

The tomatoes in the treated plot had one by far greater development in terms of the trunk (15 mm diameter compared to 8 mm of the comparison plants) and in terms of the As far as leaves are concerned (length I40 now and width 60 mm opposite a length of 90 mm and width of 45 mm of the reference plants). The crops were in the treated plot far more different from the untreated part

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wraps (about 20-30 wt. % more).

The young grass had a decidedly more favorable growth (about twice as large) than in the untreated part. Furthermore, the leaves in the untreated part of the A slight bleaching on the plot, while in the nimble! th part had a strong green color.

The Neapolitan chief salad showed the same cheap ones Results like the other cultures and further away was the lettuce of the treated plot more tender.

The positive result of the described carried out in the 3rd year of 1967 Evidence attempts on the field took place in further attempts, which in 1968 in the same zone on one analog ground have been carried out, its full.confirmation.

b) Trial with LST 50/50: Can 300 kg / hectare:

35 / o-ige production increase university in solid ground at Lolch and Clover. And $ 50-100 increase in basil production; 50 ^ increase in growth in the same soil and with the same Product on transplanted tomato plants and $ 100 Increase in transplanted pepper plants and cut chicory ..

c) Trial with LST "25/75: Can 300 kg / hectare:

Obviously greater plant development in solid Soil of roses that have been around for about | 6-7 years ago.

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d) Experiments with LT IS / 85 and LT 25/75 '. Can 500 kg / hectare:

Rapid growth acceleration in solid soil on 1-year-old lawns with a growth increase of more than $ 200 (compaction and growth easily assessable with the eye, decisive greening of areas that have been bleached by asphyxiation or lack of nutrients) ; Similar results were obtained with the same products on grassy areas on golf courses (re-greening and compacting the grassy areas).

e) Experiments with LT IO / 9O and LT 25/75: Can 4OO kg / hectare: ^

$ 100 thrive (versus $ 50 for the comparator) in solid soil from recently transplanted maple plants.

f) Experiments with LT 20/80 and LST IO / 9O: variable Can of 2ΟΟ-4ΟΟ kg / hectare:

Decisive resumption of growth with renewed establishment and considerable development in soils of medium hardness and firm soils in geraniums, lagerstroemias, peach trees and cypress versus control plants which remained suffering, i.e., undyed and poorly developed.

It should be noted that in the experiments outlined above, the high doses were mainly used to to prove the effectiveness of the products used more quickly. However, it was found that using lower doses also achieved the same results

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but in a somewhat longer period of time, which in any case always within the vegetation cycle the culture, ■

Those in different soils and with different crops Tests carried out resulted in the most diverse Proportions of lignin or its derivatives and amino alcohols positive results. The tests carried out showed that the most favorable proportions ^ P between lignin or derivatives thereof and alkaiiolamine between 10 parts of lignin or derivatives and 90 parts Alkaliolamine and 50 parts of lignin or derivatives and 50 parts Alkanolamine. It is to be assumed, however, that other relationships with regard to the various properties of the soil can be useful.

The results presented show that the mutual action of lignins and their derivatives with Alkanolamines, especially triethanolamine, available

»Products have a strong influence on the development of leaves, roots and fruits and ultimately lead to a significant increase in agricultural production. The treated vegetation shows a beautiful Green color on and the cultures of the treated soils decidedly improved compared to that of the untreated soils, with the sense organs directly perceptible properties was also observed in the cultures A shortening of the vegetative cycle was also observed in treated soils.

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Claims (3)

PATENT CLAIMS 1. Product, especially for use in agriculture as an activating and strengthening agent of the plant metabolism and as a preparation agent for agricultural soils, characterized in that it consists of the Combination of a lignin, lignin sulfonate or other derivative of a lignin with an amino alcohol. 2. Product according to claim 1, characterized in that it consists of triethanolamine and lignin or lignin sulfonate » 3. Product according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains at least one metal in solution. -19- 909826 / Ί36Ϊ