DE1809461A1 - Device for checking vigilance - Google Patents

Description

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Blvlator SA . Geneva. Device for checking vigilance.

It is known that the so-called fusion frequency, i.e. the frequency of successively offered light stimuli, which creates the perception of uninterrupted light »a measure of the general condition, especially the Reactivity or generally speaking represents the vigilance of a person. So far this knowledge has generally only acquired scientific significance, i.e. on Devices based on this knowledge for checking the vigilance were only used for scientific research and designed for such. The devices generally have

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mean an alternating voltage generator of adjustable frequency and one that flickers with the set generator frequency Indicator light on. By setting the generator frequency it is then determined at which frequency the fusion takes place for the examined individual and ends the frequency reached is inferred from the vigilance. This examination takes place at constant brightness the indicator light. Usually, however, there are also means for changing the brightness, and with it the dependency the fusion frequency can be examined from the intensity.

Such designed for scientific research Devices are hardly suitable for general practical use. Even the simplest of examinations, e.g. investigation the fusion frequency at a certain brightness the indicator light requires quite a bit of time in the Sizing of minutes. However, it would be very desirable

known

a device for testing the vigilance on the per se / theoretical Basis, for example to check driving ability by vehicle drivers or in general to check the suitability of people who are special Exposing yourself to danger or assuming special responsibility to consult. One object of the present invention is to create such devices that are easy to use and quick to review the instant Allow the state of people. Another goal is also to increase scientific vigilance testing simplify. The device according to the invention for testing the

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Vigilance by determining the merger frequency is thereby characterized in that there are several simultaneously effective illuminated displays, of which at least one flickers. In the case of a simple test device, for example for vehicle drivers, in addition to any number of continuously, E.g. by means of direct current illuminated displays or continuously appearing displays, a single flickering light display be present, which is set to an individually determined lower limit frequency for which the person concerned nor about sufficient vigilance, for example to lead one Automobile, features. In this case, it is sufficient to find out from the number of existing illuminated displays which illuminated display flickers to pass the exam. The "light indicators Manual switches can be assigned that are in a monitoring circuit that, in the event of a faulty connection, the starting circuit of a Interrupts the vehicle or keeps it open. So it is very easy to have a quick check of personal vigilance with an automatic To connect monitoring of a starting circuit and thus an effective control of the driving efficiency on a broader basis Enable basis. The arrangement of a large number of light indicators on the other hand also offers the possibility of a number of light indicators in relation to the flicker frequency at suitable preselected brightness or in relation to the brightness with a suitably preselected flicker frequency or in two-dimensional Execution of a grid of light indicators in a coordinate direction in relation to the flicker frequency and in the other coordinate direction in relation to the brightness, with which the recording of diagrams on the dependency the merging frequency is greatly simplified by the brightness of the luminous display. Such devices can be used with advantage

for quick determination of personal

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Fusion frequency can be used by people who are using a simple test device of the type mentioned above, for example for your automobile, want or need to procure.

Based on the drawing, which shows the circuits of two Ausftihrungsbeispielm show the inventive test device the invention is explained in more detail below. The device nacfciig.1 has a number of illuminated displays 1 to 7. This number is chosen arbitrarily and can be arbitrarily higher or be lower. Each illuminated display is assigned a switch button la 7a which is used to actuate a switch Ib-7b serves. The on-switches Ib-7b are in a manner known per se locked in such a way that only one of these switches can be switched on at the same time, i.e. each one switched on earlier Switch is ejected into the rest position shown when another switch is switched on. Everyone A switch Iq - 7c is also assigned to the indicator light «, In the rest position shown for the switches Ic and 3c to 7c are the changeover switches Io to 7c in series in an ignition circuit 8 of an automobile. This ignition circuit 8 is switched on in the usual manner by means of the schematic indicated ignition lock, or the usual ignition switch 9.

One of the illuminated displays 1-7, in the present case the illuminated display 2, is fed by a generator, which can oscillate with an adjustable frequency in the range of, for example, 20 - 80 Hertz. The indicator light 2 thus flickers, which is indicated in the drawing by cross-hatching. All other light displays are with

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Direct current operated and therefore does not flicker. The flicker frequency of the indicator light 2 is on the above-mentioned lower limit merging frequency of the person who is the test device is assigned, i.e. this person will still be able to clearly determine the flickering of the indicator light 2, as long as their vigilance is sufficient for a certain activity, in this case driving a car. The switch 2c assigned to the flickering light display 2 is not in the idle state, but in the standby state shown, in which it interrupts the ignition circuit 8. In this case it is in connection with the on-switch 2b of the unit 2 and in this way prepares a Circuit before which is closed by pressing the switch 2b can be.

In the start circuit 8 there is a switch 10, which by means of a switch button 10 'can be switched on. Parallel to Switch 10 is a switch II with a self-holding winding 12 in the Sehalter circuit. With dom switch 10 is a Actuated switch 13, which is in the circuit of an electronic delay circuit, not shown, which the opening of the switches 10 and 13 a relatively short time after they have been switched on, for example after 2 to 3 seconds. Instead of an electronic delay circuit A switch with a mechanical switch-off delay can of course be used.

The branch of the ignition circuit leading through units 1 to 7 8 can be bridged by an emergency circuit 8a

ii, ⁴
by closing an emergency switch! Thieves-

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The conditions under which this switch may be operated do not require any further explanation.

Figure 1 shows the circuit in the idle state with the ignition switch 9 open. If this switch is by means of the If the ignition key is closed, the ignition is not yet switched on because the ignition circuit 8 is activated by both parallel switches 10 and 11 is interrupted. By closing the switches 10 ^ and 13 all light displays 1 to 7 effective. If the operator has the necessary vigilance, he will immediately determine that the indicator light 2 flickers and will operate the on switch 2b by pressing the button 2a. This becomes the ignition circuit Closed via the ignition switch 9, the switch 10 and the switches Ic, 2c, 2b and 3c-7c and the vehicle can start will. After a relatively short time, the switch 10 is automatically opened, with which the ignition circuit would be interrupted again. However, it is switched on again now possible by pressing the switch H ^ through which the ignition current immediately begins to flow again and keeps this switch switched on by means of the coil 12. The vehicle can finally be started and the ignition circuit remains closed until the ignition switch 9 is opened and thus the self-holding switch 11 is brought to fall. If the circuit is defective, the emergency switch 14 can be used to start the vehicle in the usual way.

When the ignition switch 9 is opened, it doesn't just fall • the self-holding switch 12, but it is through a

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The automatic system (not shown) is switched over in the sense that any other light display is connected to the generator mentioned, while the previously flickering light display 2 is fed with direct current. At the same time, the changeover switch 2c is brought into the rest position, while the changeover switch assigned to the illuminated display newly connected to the generator is brought into the position shown for the changeover switch 2c. The device is thus prepared for a new test, in which case it is of no use trying to remember a certain position of the flickering indicator light, because it is necessary each time to operate the switch at the point where the flickering indicator light is located. If the flickering can no longer be detected, which is a sign that the vigilance has fallen below a permissible minimum for driving a vehicle, the correct key to close the ignition circuit could only be operated by chance. It is therefore very unlikely that the vehicle secured by the device shown can be used despite insufficient vigilance.

As mentioned above, the device shown returns to the rest position shown after about 2-3 seconds, if it is not possible to determine the flickering indicator light during this time and to operate the associated on switch and thus to close the ignition circuit. It would therefore be possible, at corresponding intervals of 2-3 seconds, to try again and again to accidentally press the right switch, which in a relatively short time

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could lead to the vehicle being able to be put into operation despite insufficient vigilance. To exclude this possibility, a suitable blocking circuit could additionally be present, which responds every time a wrong one On-switch is operated and the whole device is out of operation for a reasonable time of, for example, 15 minutes. The device should be switched on by accident in this case generally take a very long time so that an unauthorized switch-on is not attempted at all would.

If such a blocking circuit is provided, the on-switches Ib - 7b can also be designed as skill testing devices, i.e. they would be switched on for example, require a longer, precisely prescribed switch-on path. With reduced vigilance, especially in a drunk state it would generally no longer be possible to turn the switch on in the prescribed way. Deviations The above-mentioned locking device would respond by making contact from this prescribed one-stop route which would prevent further attempts to accidentally switch on the device.

The stationary arrangement shown in FIG. 1 of a series of illuminated displays and associated switches Ib 7b and Ic-7c requires a relatively cumbersome automatic system for switching the generator to different ones Illuminated displays and the corresponding preparation of one of the switches c in the effective position. A significant circuitry Simplification is therefore possible if the

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Light displays 1-7 and the associated switches are arranged symmetrically on a rotatable support, the is rotated by a random amount after each use of the device, by the amount that is constantly connected to the generator To bring the indicator light into different, not predetermined positions. The feeding of the various Circuits to this rotatable carrier can have a relatively small number of slip rings take place «

The device shown schematically in FIG. 1 allows relatively simple means, ie a single generator and a flickering light display, to reliably check personal vigilance in a very short period of time. However, the device does not allow a check of the actually existing merger frequency and thus vigilance, but rather it only allows to determine whether the vigilance is below or above a certain minimum. In many cases, however, it is desirable to be able to determine the merger frequency and thus the vigilance of a specific person in a short time with a device that is also relatively sensitive. For this purpose, according to a further feature of the invention, a device can be used with advantage, which preferably has a larger number of luminous displays vertically one above the other, which flicker with a graduated frequency, in particular an upwardly increasing frequency. The gradation can also take place in such a way that the highest or lowest frequency or intensity is, for example, in the middle. With the aid of this device, it is only necessary to determine at a glance up to what level, ie at what frequency the

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flickering displays can still be perceived as flickering, with which the viewer orientates himself about his current vigilance
is. The device according to the invention thus works without operator control, which is a particular advantage in that every active physical activity of a person increases their degree of vigilance somewhat.

A switch keyboard similar to that shown in the figure can also be assigned to such a series of luminous displays flickering with graduated frequencies. the
Circuit can be designed so that either the button
is to be printed, which is assigned to the illuminated display that flickers with the perceived flicker fusion frequency, or all keys are to be pressed, which are assigned to the flickering appearing illuminated displays. In all cases, it can be determined by a corresponding circuit from the printed key itself or from the number of printed keys or from the fact that the switches have been actuated in the correct order of the increasing frequency, eb the operator about the required Vigilance may or may not be available and the activation of a starting circuit for a vehicle can be automatically permitted or prevented or blocked for some time in the manner described above
will.

In a further embodiment of the invention Device is the idea of simplifying the vigilance check by simultaneously presenting several illuminated displays and to accelerate, used to determine or record diagrams. In this device there is a full grid of

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Illuminated displays are available, which in one coordinate direction, "For example, flicker in the vertical direction with increasing frequency and those in the other coordinate direction," for example in the horizontal direction, shine with different brightness. In other words, flicker from in this grid Illuminated displays all illuminated displays in a horizontal row with the same frequency, whereby the frequency is superimposed Rows gradually increases and all the light indicators that are vertically one above the other in a row light up at the same time Brightness, with the brightness of the rows gradually increasing or decreasing in the horizontal direction.

All frequencies in question V ^ .... V as well as all the intensities in question become J-, .... J presented simultaneously by means of a two-dimensional lamp field.

2 ' ^Y 1 S) 2' ^J 2

l' ^J ly l' ^J 2 l' ^J

l ' ^y n

An observer then takes his respective personal flicker boundary as the dividing line between a flickering and a non-flickering surface part within the lamp field true.

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The flicker boundary line recognized in this way is generally not straight, but rather curved in some form, so that rectification or normalization to a base line can be expedient. If the flicker boundary line (under standard conditions) should appear to the observer as a horizontal line in the middle of the lamp field, he can carry out the necessary straightening, for example, by using precision potentiometers that are parallel to the axes of the lamp rows and correspondingly switched the frequencies Y ^ ·· · "^ N at a certain intensity Jj is increased or decreased by Zl ^ . If all potentiometers are performed twice, ie as a tandem potentiometer on the same potentiometer axis, the adjustment values of the individual second potentiometers are now the objective basis for electronic data acquisition of the subjective Seen.

The The observer can also immediately record his perceived boundary line.

Following administration of any drug which affects the central nervous situation, or after execution of a related mental fatigue activity, the shape of the Flimmergrenzlinie with onset of action will change gradually "spectrum-like ^11; di.e transients can be traced by the observer at intervals.

Put a second corresponding lamp field next to it The first can be achieved with conventional Ielectronics and circuit technology, that by mere tracing

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a finger along the perceived flicker boundary line, e.g. by lightly touching one of the fields below each lamp

1 attached button, this as a line of the same shape on the field

2 now lights up continuously and in an objectively visible manner.

The importance of such a device for testing psycho-pharmaceuticals and for the quantitative recording of performances and activities associated with mental fatigue is obvious.

In Fig. 2 a device according to the present invention is shown, which is particularly suitable for installation in vehicles. It is characterized by a reference generator with an associated according to its frequency flickering indicator light, which reference generator to a certain reference frequency is adjustable.

This reference frequency can preferably correspond to the lowest permissible frequency of a specific person which their vigilance is still sufficient to drive an automobile, for example. With the help of this with the reference frequency flickering indicator light, a voluntary short test is possible in an extremely simple manner by the fact that the indicator light briefly switched on and a check is made to see whether the flicker can still be detected. With this you can instantly determine on a voluntary basis whether your personal condition is still sufficient for a certain activity. The device can be used to control an automatic locking system, which can preferably respond when the operator does not succeed when observing both light displays

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set the AC voltage generator to the reference frequency.

The device according to Flg. 2 shows a schematic)! shown Front 21 has two luminous disks 22 and 23 and a scale 25 observable through a window 24. The window Is normally closed by a lid which can be opened when a reading on the scale 25 is desired is. The luminous panel 22 is assigned a low-frequency generator 26, the frequency of which is shown schematically by means of a Adjustment screw 27 can be adjusted. The luminous disk 23 is a correspondingly constructed low-frequency one Associated alternating voltage generator 28, the frequency of which is set, for example, by means of a potentiometer · The scale 25 is on the axis of this potentiometer and shows the set frequency of the generator 2Θ an * The outputs of the oscillators 26 and 28 work on the luminous disks 22 and 23 in such a way that the luminous disk 22 flickers at the frequency of the oscillator 26 and the luminous panel 23 at the frequency of the oscillator 28. the Generator outputs also work on a comparison circuit 29, for example an interference measuring device, which the Frequency difference between the generator 26 and the generator 28 is determined. The output voltages of the generators 26 and are of the same type, i.e. for example square-wave voltages or sinusoidal voltages and the luminous disks 22 and 23 have the same Light intensity on.

The output of the comparison circuit 29 operates on a start relay 30 with a changeover contact 31. The changeover switch is normally, ie when the relay 30 is not energized, on a contact which is in a blocking circuit that is open

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an interlock circuit 32 operates. This locking circuit is as a monostable delay circuit, for example as an electromechanical one Time switch or designed as a monostable multivibrator and actuates a break contact 33. This break contact 33 is in a starting circuit in series with the normally open contact of changeover switch 31. The starting circuit is working to a start circuit 34, which in the present case is designed as a relay with a self-holding contact 35 · and a break contact 36 is. The normally closed contact 36 is in the supply circuit 37 for the generators 26 and 28 and the comparison circuit 29. The Feed circuit 37 can also be by means of a bridging switch 38 can be made effective.

The changeover contact 31 of the relay 30 is connected to a fixed contact 39 of a switch-on device, which has a movable contact 40. To close the contacts 39 and 40, the movable contact 40 must be carried out between two contact rails 41, which are connected to the blocking circuit. The automatic locking system consisting of elements 30 to 41 can be switched on by a main start switch 42. The self-holding contact 35 of the relay 34 switches on a starting circuit 43, for example the ignition circuit of an automobile, at the same time as the self-holding circuit.

The device according to Figure 2 is set and operated as follows:

The frequency of the generator 26 is set to a certain reference frequency, which is used as the lower limit

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Melting frequency has been determined at which a certain person is still fit to drive. To start the vehicle the main start switch 42, for example the usual ignition switch of an automobile, is now closed. Through this does not change anything in the automatic locking system for the time being, because all circuits are either on switch 39, 40 or on the changeover switch 31 or interrupted at the self-holding contact 35. The generators 26 and 28 and the comparison circuit 29 are over the switch 42 and the normally closed contact 36 of the relay 34 are fed. The luminous disc 22 now flickers with the fixed setting Reference frequency, while the luminous panel 23 with the momentary set frequency of the generator 28 is working. The driver now turns the scale 25, which is closed when the Window 24 is invisible until the luminous disk 23 flickers with the same frequency as the luminous disk 22. Thus the frequencies of the two generators 26 and 28 are matched to one another and the comparison circuit 29 is energized for this Except for the relay 30. This makes the changeover contact 31 this relay is switched and prepares the starting circuit via the normally closed contact 33. The driver now grabs one Lever for actuating the contact 40 and leads the same upwards until the contacts 39 and 40 are closed. So is the starting circuit is closed, the starting relay 34 is energized and holds itself through its contact 35. This is in the case of an automobile, the ignition circuit 43 is switched on and the engine can be started

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If the operating person is no longer able to recognize the flickering of the luminous panel 22, then they are also unable to set the frequency of the generator 28 to the reference frequency of the generator 26. It will certainly be possible here to temporarily excite the relay 30, but this does not yet result in the ignition circuit 43 being switched on because the contacts 39 and 40 are not yet closed. A permanent equation of the frequency of the generator 28 with the same of the generator 26 will generally only succeed if the flickering of the illuminated display 22 is actually still recognized, which would then also be equivalent to the driving ability of the person examining himself. Even if the setting happens to be correct, i.e. the relay 30 is continuously energized, a further check of the driving ability is carried out by the switch 39, 40, 41, which is designed as a skill device.If the movable contact 40 is not moved vertically upwards on the prescribed path , but somewhat to the left or right, the same comes into contact with one of the contact rails 41, whereby the delay circuit 32 is excited and the normally closed contact 33 opens. In this case, too, it does not achieve the goal if the contacts 39 and 40 are finally closed because the starting circuit is then interrupted. Closing the contacts 39 and 40 when the relay 30 is not energized also leads to an energization of the blocking circuit 32. Several conditions must therefore be met in order to achieve a final switch-on. For a complete understanding it should also be mentioned that the movable switching contact 40 immediately after each actuation

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returns to its open rest position when the gearshift lever is released.

The delay time of the circuit 32 is, for example, 10-15 seconds, i.e. it should be with the correct setting the frequency of the generator 28 and thus excitation of the relay 30 happen that due to incorrect actuation of the switch 39, 40 the blocking circuit becomes effective, the switching on can repeated after a reasonable delay of 10-15 seconds.

Once the relay 34 is switched on, the ignition circuit 43 also remains switched on until the main starter switch 42 is switched off again. Regardless of a possible actuation of the locking circuit 32 while driving so the relay 34 can no longer be switched off, unless by switching off the main start switch 42, for example of the ignition lock switch in an automobile · When the relay 34 is finally switched on, its normally closed contact is made 36 opens and switches off the generators 26 and 28 and the comparison circuit 29, which also causes the light indicators 22 and 23 go out. At the same time, the scale 25 is by a drive (not shown) with a limit switch in a Brought end position, for example in uie highest frequency of the generator 28 corresponding position. The resetting of the generator 28 to the highest frequency or the associated frequency The need to adjust from the highest frequency to the reference frequency during the test has the The advantage that approaching this reference frequency is practically

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table is excluded if the operator is vigilant is so reduced that the indicator light no longer appears to be flickering. If in this case the illuminated display is recognized as flickering when the frequency of the generator 28 is gradually reduced, is the reference frequency has already been exceeded and switching on is no longer possible even if the switch 39, 40 is actuated correctly. On the other hand, the generator 28 would after each test process reset to its lowest frequency, it would often still be possible for the operator to act accordingly With a reduced vigilance approach, the correct setting is approached by moving the scale 5 a little further in the sense of increasing Frequency rotates when it no longer sees the light indicator 23 flickering.

If the device according to FIG. 2 is only to be used to check the personal condition without automatic locking, the pressure switch 38 can be actuated, in which case the displays 22 and 23, but possibly only the display 22, lights up. If the flickering of the display 22 is detected here, it can be concluded from this that the personal condition allows, for example, driving a vehicle.

The device according to FIG. 2 also allows verification the person to whom the device is assigned, for example by the police. It can be determined at any time without further ado whether the person is able to properly meet all the conditions for enabling the starting circuit in the manner described to meet. This can be done in a completely correct way

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it can be determined whether the vigilance has really dropped below a certain permissible limit value.

In a simplified version of the device for voluntary checking of personal vigilance, the automatic locking system consisting of parts 29 to 43 can be omitted and the scale 25 can be permanently visible. With such a device, voluntary checks of the current vigilance can be carried out at any time, either in the manner described above only determining whether the flickering of the luminous panel 22 can still be determined. On the other hand, with the aid of the luminous disc 23 and fine adjustment of the scale 25, it is possible to determine exactly at which frequency the fusion takes place in order to carry out a precise control of the current personal condition. During this test, the luminous panel 22 can be covered by a screen or it can be switched off so that this panel, which flickers at the reference frequency, does not interfere with the precise measurement. Such a simplified device can be made relatively small as a portable pocket device, and it can also be combined with other objects of use, for example watches.

For the sake of clarity, the above are largely electromechanical The automatic lock shown can be replaced by a fully electronic logic circuit.

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Claims (27)

Patent claims: 1) Device for checking vigilance by determining the Marching frequency, characterized in that several simultaneously effective light indicators (1-7, 22, 23) are present are, of which at least one flickers. 2) Device according to claim 1, characterized in that all available light displays (1-7, 22, 23) have the same brightness and color. 3) Device according to claim 2, characterized in that a flickering light display (2) next to continuously luminous light displays (1, 3-7) that appear, e.g. illuminated with direct current. 4) Device according to one of claims 1-3, for monitoring of the starting circuit of a vehicle, aircraft or the like, characterized in that the illuminated displays (1-7) Hand switch (Ib-7b) assigned to a monitoring circuit which interrupts the starting circuit in the event of a faulty circuit or keeps it open. 5) Device according to claim 4, characterized by an automatic system for changing the position of one or more light indicators. 6) Device according to claim 5, characterized in that the light displays (1 - 7) and switches assigned to them (Ib-7b) central-symmetrical on a rotatable by the automatic Carriers are arranged or that the automatic system has means for changing the monitoring circuit « 909843/0226 7) Device according to claim 4, characterized in that each illuminated display (1 - 7) is assigned a switch (Ic - 7c) is that all changeover switches are in their rest position in series in a starting circuit (8) and in the reversed test position are connected to a manual switch (Ib - 7b) assigned to each illuminated display, and that the one with test frequency The switch (2c) associated with the flickering light display (2) is in the test position. 8) Device according to claim 4, characterized by a Time switch (10) for switching on the indicator lights during a limited duration. 9) Device according to claim 8, characterized in that the timer (10) temporarily controls the starting circuit (8) prepared and that a manually switchable holding relay (12) to the timer (10) in parallel in the starting circuit (8) is switched. 10) Device according to claim 1, characterized by a A plurality of simultaneously effective light displays flickering with graduated frequencies. 11) Device according to claim 1 or 10, characterized in that the light displays in a e.g. vertical row are arranged with approximately from bottom to top increasing flicker frequency. 12) Device according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that that the illuminated displays are assigned manual switches, e.g. key switches, which are in a monitoring circuit. 9 098 A3 / 0226 13) Device according to claim 4, characterized in that an interlocking circuit which responds in the event of incorrect switching is provided which interrupts the start circuit for a limited period. 14) Device according to claim 10, characterized in that a grid of illuminated displays is provided, the flicker frequency of which is graded in one coordinate direction and its brightness in the other direction. 15) Device according to claim 1, with an AC voltage generator adjustable frequency and one with the set Generator frequency flickering light display, characterized by a reference generator (6) with an associated corresponding whose frequency flickers light display (22), which reference generator (6) can be set to a specific reference frequency is. 16) Device according to claim 15, characterized in that a comparison circuit (29), e.g. the two generators a A resonance circuit is assigned to the beat meter or the reference generator, which comparison circuit makes the match The set generator frequency can be checked against the reference frequency. 17) Device according to claim 15 or 16, characterized by a screen to cover or a switch to turn off the indicator light for the reference frequency. 18) Device according to one of claims 15-17, characterized by a scale for displaying the set generator frequency. 909843/0226 19) Device according to claim 18, characterized by means for covering the scale. 20) Device according to one of claims 16-19, formed as a monitoring device in the starting circuit, e.g. ignition circuit of a means of transport, characterized in that the comparison circuit (29) monitors the starting circuit. 21) Device according to claim 20, characterized in that the comparison circuit (29) is a match when the set Generator frequency with the reference frequency makes responding start relay (30) effective. 22) Device according to claim 21, characterized by a manual switch (39, 40) in the starting circuit, which has a Changeover contact (31) of the start relay (30) is optionally connected to a blocking circuit and the ignition circuit. 23) Device according to claim 22, characterized in that the manual switch (39, 40) as a skill tester is designed that when deviating from a predetermined switch-on movement closes the blocking circuit. 24) Device according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that the blocking circuit is a monostable delay circuit (32) which has a breaker (33) in the starting circuit. 25) Device according to claim 24, characterized by a start circuit (34), e.g. a relay with a self-holding circuit, which can be switched on via the ignition circuit and switched off by means of a main start switch (42), e.g. ignition switch cash is * 9 09 8 k 3/0226 26) Device according to claim 25, characterized in that the starting circuit (34) has a switch (36) for the generators (6, 8). 27) Device according to claim 26, characterized in that a time switch for each time-limited activation
the generators is provided. 909843/0226