DE1805922B2 - PLASTER MATERIAL AND METHOD FOR ITS MANUFACTURING - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a plastering material for coating masonry and structural elements from dispersions of a rot-proof elastic resin as a binder, synthetic fibers of different lengths, mineral fillers of different particle sizes and common additives.

Materials are known which are used to achieve special optical or aesthetic effects should, according to a paint, the dyed Textilfa-Bern with a maximum length of 5 mm (German Auslegeschrift 1 050 001), a made of chalk, Material consisting of marble and cork powder for application to interior walls (German patent specification 407) and a paint based on glue and colored particles to create a multi-colored coating, which can be worked on with sandpaper if necessary (French additional patent specification 88 224).

Furthermore, a material for producing decorative knives is known (U.S. Patent 787 555), which contains fibers, in particular glass fibers, which have essentially the same length of a maximum about 6 mm and have the same refractive index with possibly different colors. The Fascm to produce the decorative effects, different diameters between OS may be mm and 2.5 mm. It is about here to a relatively large diameter work so that with a certain fiber content in the material the total length of the fibers is relatively oering. Such a material would be for a plaster, exposed to mechanical stresses and if cracks occur, the load-bearing part of it. Reason itself should remain crack-free and tight, not

suitable.

Achieving permanent protection of a wall, wall or the like by plastering poses a difficult problem for various reasons. This is particularly true with regard to preventing moisture from penetrating into the wall covered by the plastering. Already through the effects of heat and cold, but also through other stresses, vibrations i-, w. Cracks often appear on a wall, some of which can be very fine, even hairline cracks, comparable to those that are present in old earthenware crockery - ..!. Such cracks are often found, among other things, in cement-based mortars or in construction elements, which are made with concrete. Cracks in a wall not only make it look ugly, but also pull moisture through
pillar effect into the wall.

A particular difficulty in coating a wall with plaster is therefore, d.'if. Cracks appear and existing cracks. ». · Grow or expand under the influence of temperature fluctuations expand and narrow. If these cracks continue in the plaster itself, that is The protective effect of the latter is canceled.

Paint-based coatings, which are rich in fine particles, are not sufficient Flexibility and insufficient cohesion to provide the necessary resistance to cracking to oppose. An elongation at break given by a binder is achieved by adding the fine particles such as B. Pigments, extremely greatly reduced, about a fifth of the original Worth.

In the case of materials based on a synthetic resin, which is a binder for solid particles and represents for fibers, the fibers should fulfill the task of reinforcement. Known stratifications but of this type have a number of significant disadvantages. So once take the fibers into a big one Part an orientation that contributes nothing to the cohesion of the cover. In particular such fibers cannot form bridges over existing cracks. Other fibers whose location too Such a bridging would be more suitable, cannot fulfill this task because it is too short are.

It is also the number of fibers that make up the binder of the coating on a given one to be covered Surface can bind too little for the fibers or the binder to withstand the tensile stresses can accommodate, which are caused by extensions of cracks.

All of this leads to the fact that such a coating also cracks or breaks.

When protecting walls or walls with the help of a plastering material based on a resin the latter must be able to meet various requirements. So it should be a situation form whose elongation at break is as large as possible. Furthermore, there must be fibers on a certain surface

and a sufficient number of nn particles are embedded below, forming bridges, which at the same time hold the grain size in place, around which, underneath, also contribute to the cohesion of the binding agent. To cover the lying surface and to ensure a good resistance against abrasion. f _or m of the fibers increases their stiffness, so that a

This leads to the problem of the type that prevents the same 5 rolling or bending and the shafts, de. Proportion, the number and the titer of the desired gel ide position within the plastering matern in order to ensure plastering with a berial. Compared to a light reinforcement, which is actually able to withstand the effects of cracking in a wall that tends to roll up fibers with a circular cross-section, the fiber can therefore also be thinner or finer. ₁₀ q _ics j _{st of} g _Disp particular advantage because here-

The fibers must be sufficient in number to pass through for a given weight fraction of fibers in To enable a distribution that that of a single plastering material has a desired high total net effect of cracks that correspond in different lye to fibers and thus an extraordinary Directions run. This would result in effective reinforcement that is in the plane of the Whenever possible, a large total length of fibers should be provided as a result of the distribution of the fibers in all of the plaster hen. if you look at the fibers laid together directions and a favorable bridging effect dtnkt. Furthermore, such fibers must be able to yield.

layering be anchored and practically straight. The cross-section of the fibers expediently has a

run wild. lobed, serrated or notched shape to form bridges over the cracks.
rkn. This would require the cross-section of the fa- 20 A favorable execution of the plastering material serr. to choose relatively large. Furthermore, dt3 the length of the fibers of the κ π the fibers must have a sufficiently large elasticity - a group in the order of 6 mm and w; i-en. The binding agent can move the length of the fibers of the other group in all directions within the range of 10 mm within the level of the plaster,
drive, while a fiber can expand or contract only in the sense of its i According to a further feature of the invention LiiMize. the plastering material contains large solid particles

This is a contradicting natural mica-quartz complex. the total length and the cross section of the façades. Such a material possesses the being concerned. 30 threefold advantage that it is rough thanks to its

It was the object of the invention. «Standing after- surface firmly attached to the roughness and unevenness parts and fix deficiencies and anchored a ten of the wearer that it was because of his To create plastering material with which the shaped platelet is easily layered in the material layer called requirements can be met in a favorable manner and that it is ultimately particularly hard. Verse it and proper protection of masonry 35 prevent wear and tear or damage and components can be achieved. immediately exposed quartz

In the case of a plastering material, the body indicated at the beginning shows any depth of wear. Therefore can NEN type of the invention provides that fibers from the plaster, for example, also do not rub off, at least two groups of different lengths over other finer particles such as silica

5 mm with a non-circular shape of 40 and titanium rutile oxide can be added to Contains cross-section, which is made from the same basic prod- uct plaster to give an opaque and white appearance how the binder exist. ben.

Such a plastering material is characterized by a more unrelated The combination of the above substances Adhesion to the basic material that supports it gives the plaster a higher hardness than it used to be material, for example a wall, could be achieved through full 45.

The very good mechanical properties of the

mechanical properties. Plastering material according to the invention have in

In the invention, it was recognized that fibers were experimentally proven. For example, samples A and B of less than 5 mm in length were too short to experience the required width of 10 cm, a non-clamped anchorage, and that they no sufficient length of 20 cm and a thickness that can form long bridges in one application to counteract a tear of 2 kg of material per square meter, and that are subject to increasing tensile stress in the manner of long fibers to an uneven distribution that a free lower end of the upward movement and an insufficient movement result, that the suspended sample was loaded with a weight, but was increased by 100 g every 12 hours through the use of two different ones,
which groups of fibers of different lengths _{Sample A:} binder, filler and fibers according to

achieve excellent results. _{of the} invention, namely plastic fibers from one

In the case of the plastering material according to the invention, polyvinyl chloride, the cross-section of which is three lobes, ensures the elasticity of the binding agent that fine ⁶ " _V 'is

Cracks in the plastered wall or '' _{F up e} . _{Length 10 mm>} 15 decitex,
Wall stood _lg remain covered. But even if a ^{& vv} _{1 / a} ^ _official fiber weight,

Enlargement of cracks under the influence of temperature- ^ ... ° _. _.

sen or other influences occur, the 2nd fiber group: length 6 mm, 7.5 decitex,

Correlation of the plastering material is not interrupted - 65 ^{2 / ä of the} total fiber weight,

because they are made from the same basic product as sample B: apart from binding agents and fillers, poly-

• 1as binder-derived fibers, even if they are amide fibers in the same weight proportion as with <(»Iräg over a crack in a wall in plastering mat- sample A, length 6 mm, 40 decitex.

5 7 6

Sample B broke after the fifth exposure level, _{containing binders} and pigments or dyes
ie at a total load of 500 g with no prior signs of stretching. The sample A emulsion of a copolymer

showed no vinyl acetate and vinyl maleate 51,000 at a total load of 1500 g

Signs of a crack or break. The elongation 5 ammonia 0.500

was 4%. Benzoic salt 0.300

The invention also relates to a method for pyrophosphate 0.200

Production of a plastering material of the above Na pentachlorophenolate 0.300

explained type and provides that large particles, Ethylgiykol - ΰ, ΐΟΟ

in particular from a complex mica-quartz io polymerization product on ethylene oxide

bestch '■' 'e particles., during or towards the end of the base 0.250

Throughput: itens the previously obtained by mixing the anti-foam agent 0.100

n solid particles with the fibers obtained mass titanium dioxide (rutile) 5,000

be admitted. Bentonite 1,500

With common materials, the fibers xs emulsifiable oil are 0.500

Entered into the product at the end of manufacture, _ ", _v ,, ■ ■

in particular; after crushing ² "fibers and colloids

or grinding of the grains has taken place. Indeed, polyvinyl chloride fibers

The presence of the fibers results in a comminution to 8 deniers 6 mm 0.800

difficult, especially when the fibers used are 20 to 15 deniers 10 mm 0.800

are longer. Asbestos in fiber form 0.500

Introducing the fibers into the mixture of bin-10% solution of methyl cellulose 10,000

dematerials and crushed grains, however, produces water 10.00t)

equally difficulties when the fibers are long _d particles

and the grains are comparatively large. 35 y. uiuucjvui «.

These difficulties affect the same silicon oxide or silicon dioxide 2,500

moderation and homogeneity of the product and thus quartz-containing mica

a very important property because the same is calibrated to 0.25 3,000

Main characteristics that have a plastering calibrated to 0.50 15,000

got to. 30 calibrated to about 1.00 42,000

The difficulties mentioned are with the inven- (referred to as "large grain")

corrected according to the procedure. The smaller ones roughly calibrated to 0.75 42,000

Grains or particles that always appear at the beginning of the (referred to as the "middle core")
35 A sample of the same cleaning material is in the fibers and the large grains that are added at the end of the national laboratory (Laboratoire national process, no resistance d'essai des Arts et Metiers) a series of tests. These large, previously conditioned grains have been subjected to, which have experienced their extraordinary ner- ner or particles, but have not proven their beneficial properties. To do this, downsizing operation. You will only belong to the age of 40:
Binder, the finer grains and the fibers _T ,,. ,.
worked through or kneaded through. This process is impermeable

ren does not cause any difficulties in execution. That after sprinkles of one, two and three

The product obtained with this proves to be extraordinary. Hours, each spread over seven days, showed

Even and homogeneous. 45 the back of a plaster-covered

In a particularly advantageous way of producing cardboard boxes, there is no trace of any moisture whatsoever

Development of the plastering material according to the invention is the resistance to aging

Order of the individual work steps as follows: _TT,. . , "

⁶ 6 5 6 Adhesion to asbestos cement

Milling or fine grinding to obtain finer grains _50. A tear-off load of 19 kg / cm ² called

to get and mix with the binding- no crack or breakage of the plaster in it

medium strength, whereby the crack or breakage

Along with this, on the other hand mixing ^festi s ^{ness of the} plaster has been demonstrated

of the fibers in dilution water, which has a resistance to shear stress

Protective colloid can be added. ⁵⁵ Ej _ne load of 290 kg, a listed

Kneading the two in the previous brought ™ ^{Λ & v0} "25 cm" just called out

Step obtained substances at the same time or S ^{e ßen} ^ ^{consisting of} asbestos cement

later introduction of the large grains into these 1 ragers

Kneading process. 60 The plaster is also a sandblasting test

have been subjected, according to the cleaning

Below is an example of the supply of facades made of ashlar or the like.

the composition of the plastering material according to the procedures used. There were four hundred

specified of the invention. This material is in particular one kilogram of sand on an area of 1 m ²

Specially designed for cladding, covering, 65 applied plaster with a thickness of 1.5 mm

smear, caulk, caulk or sandblasted to shape. This test did not reveal any visible

maintenance, decoration, etc. of walls of all kinds, use of the plaster, more precisely, of the

Components, plates v .. like. It contains: covering coating.

Claims (5)

Patent claims: 1. Plastering material for coating masonry and construction elements made from dispersions from a rot-proof elastic resin as a binding agent, plastic fibers of different kinds Length, mineral fillers of various particle sizes and customary additives, characterized in that there are fibers of at least two groups of different lengths over 5 mm with one of the circular shape contains different cross-sections, which consist of the same basic product as the binder. 2. plastering material according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains such fibers whose Cross-section has a lobed, jagged, or indented shape. 3. plastering material according to one of the claims 1 or 2, characterized in that it contains two groups of fibers, the length of which in one group is of the order of 6 mm and for the other group in the order of 10 mm. 4. plastering material according to one of spoke 1 to 3, characterized in that it Contains large solid particles of natural mica-quartz complex. 5. Method of making a plastering material according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that the large solid particles, in particular particles consisting of a complex of mica-quartz, during or towards the end working through those previously obtained by mixing fine solid particles with the fibers Mass to be added.