DE1785026A1 - Process for the production of synthetic fibers - Google Patents

Description

The invention is concerned with synthetic fibers or Threads that have a coarse surface with numerous fine longitudinal ends burr-like elevations or corrugations, in particular a method for producing such threads or fibers.

The surfaces of synthetic fibers that are after a Melt spinning processes obtained are smooth and distinctive themselves in terms of shape from those more natural Fibers. If the surfaces of synthetic fibers have fine longitudinal ribbing, gloss, color shading, Grip, coefficient of friction and the like of the fibers are advantageous improved while other properties are retained. If, for example, the surface of the fibers has a rough surface of about 0.03 to 1 micron, »the application

109882/14 84

A gloss breaking agent, such as titanium oxide, is applied to the fibers unnecessary, which makes it possible to reduce the minor damage, which can be ascribed to the addition of a gloss breaker. A fiber or a film with a smooth After coloring, the surface shows a sharp spectrum in the spectral analysis of the reflected rays. However shows when dyeing fibers or foils with a rough surface a widespread spectrum, and deep shading φ äe: r coloring can be expected, The level of accuracy of mirror machining of a metal plate is about 0.2 microns. It can therefore be assumed that a coarseness of at least 0.2 microns is required to optically modify the fibers. By grasping the fibers with a fingernail or the skin can have a smooth surface with a coarseness differ from about 1 to 10 microns. In order to improve the grip or the warmth of the fibers, it is therefore necessary » a roughness of at least 1 micron on the surfaces

»To give the fibers. The relationship between the coarseness on the surface of the fibers and the sliding friction is complicated. With a smooth surface with a strong mirror-like reflection, the coefficient of sliding friction is greater than when the surface is smoother. On the other hand, if the surface is fairly rough, the coefficient of sliding friction larger as the surface becomes rougher. Even through years of research the details of this relationship have been established not yet determined, but it appears that at numerous synthetic fibers the coefficient of friction shows a tendency to a minimum value when a coarseness of about 0.3 microns predominates. In fact, the

109882/1484

1781029

Determination of the coefficient of friction of synthetic yarns * which contained titanium dioxide or clay that, if the minimum point occurs, numerous concave and convex parts with a side of 0.2-0.4 microns on the surface of the fibers occurred. It appears that with a smoother surface than one corresponding to this critical value Surface roughness is a static friction mechanism can be explained and that a coarser surface is a friction mechanism attributable to the unevenness can be explained. From the foregoing it follows that that the surface of synthetic fibers should preferably have a roughness of at least 0.2 microns.

In the American patent 3 185 613 a method is described, wherein an orientable thread one synthetic polymers of tension in the presence of a crack-promoting agent sufficient to keep the thread from 1.01- _ to about 2.5 times, preferably 1.1 to 1.5 times, the original length is subjected to what the Thread released from the influence of the agent promoting cracks and the thread is stretched to at least 1.5 times its length obtained in the previous stage will. During the primary stretching of this process, numerous surface cracks occur perpendicular to the fiber axis and become thicker parts in the final product upon secondary stretching. Agents that promote cracking include acetone, Ethanol, dimethylformamide and pyridine. In US Pat. No. 3,184,369 it is stated that the cracks form Means of low molecular weight undesirable large changes in diameter or small size or even hollow

109882/1484

spaces in the threads in such a way that the tensile properties cause are deteriorated, and it is suggested that the cracking agents used have a molecular weight of more than 20.0 and that the threads are in contact with the Cracking agents are aged prior to primary stretching should. ■

The products of this second American patent have a surface that is randomly spaced by a number of discontinuous circumferentials

α ridge-like elevations of submicroscopic size excellent which occur with a frequency between 10 and 130 corrugations per mm · over the length of the fiber. Because of the present Invention results in a different type of a roughened Surface of textile fibers covered by a variety of tight adjacent longitudinal corrugations of a size below 1 micron is excellent. The longitudinal ribs can be interrupted by protruding colonies.

The inventive method for producing threads with a roughened surface consists in that a thread from

^ a crystallizable synthetic organic polymer is stretched, wherein the thread consists of an undrawn part, the entire length of the thread or numerous parts along its length are composed of a practically amorphous core and a crystalline skin. It is preferred that the crystalline skin of the unstretched part has a density of at least 0.025 g / cc, advantageously at least 0.04 g / ccm, which is greater than that of the practically amorphous core. It is also predicted that the

BATH ORIGINAL

109882/14 8 4

1785028

Thickness of the skin as measured by a polarizing microscope is 0.3 microns up to 30 % of the radius of the unstretched rope.

In the most general embodiment of the invention a practically unstretched thread of a crystallizable synthetic organic polymer, the thread of a practically amorphous core and a crystalline skin is constructed, stretched. The one made of a practically amorphous core and one Crystalline skin built up thread can be made by using a practically unstretched thread that consists of a practically amorphous crystalline synthetic organic polymers, is formed in the usual way and only its surface is made to crystallize.

The amorphous thread used as the starting material can consist of a linear polyester, polyamide or propylene polymer. A linear polyester is most preferable, because it can be easily formed by an ordinary melt-spinning into a filament, consisting of a stable, functional, amorphous polymers. · Particularly preferred linear polyester containing at least 85 Col-fo ethylene terephthalate. Polyamides such as liylon-6 and ITylon-6,6 can be formed into a thread of a practically amorphous polymer by ordinary melt spinning and quenching processes; however, if this is not stored in a dry state, it will crystallize.

Propylene polymers can be formed into substantially amorphous as-spun yarn by melt spinning and quenching below -30 ⁰ C, however, crystallize when they are not

10 9882 / U8 4 ^

be stored at -30 ⁰ C lemperatur below. The amorphous charge used as the starting material can either consist of a homogeneous polymer or a mixture of two or more polymers. For example, a linear polyester with a content of up to 90 wt .- ^ polyamide is one of the preferred polymer mixtures used in the context of the invention. Furthermore, the starting thread can consist of a two-component thread, for example a composite thread which is made up of a sheath made of polyamide and a core made of polyester.

A suitable method for crystallization only the surface of a practically non-stretched thread, which is composed of a practically amorphous polymer in that a crystallization-promoting agent is applied to the surface of the thread and then removed.

Agents that promote the crystallization of linear polyesters are described in the chemical literature, including reference is made to W. Roth, R. Schroth, fiber research and textile technology, vol. 12, p. 363, 1961. As suitable crystallization promoters for polyester are benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde, benzylamine, anisole, chlorobenzene, nitrobenzene, phenol, Cresol, dioxane, acetone, methylethy! Ketone, dimethylformamide, dichloromethane, Chloroform and methyl acetate mentioned. These agents can be applied directly to polyester threads, however = ' they are —- in terms of cost and diffusion rate control in the polyesters often advantageously in the form of a solution in water or an alcohol or an emulsion used in water.

109882/1484

The means that promote crystallization should Conveniently meet the following * requirements:

(a) The remedy must have a major positive effect on crystallization Show effects. In other words, it must have an ability to crystallize an amorphous ! Polymers have and slightly the density of the polymer by at least 0.025 g / ccm, preferably at least 0.04 g / eem, increase.

Cb) The remedy must have a fairly low effect for it

Show disintegration or swelling of the threads. It may Surface of the store does not dissolve and must not cause adhesion between adjacent threads,

(c) The agent must not degrade or degrade the threads discolor.

(d) The rate of diffusion of the agent into the threads must be reasonable. Usually it should preferably have a diffusion constant on the order of 10 "" ⁷ to 10 " ⁹ em ² / sec.

(e) The agent must be after application to the threads can be easily removed.

(f) The agent should be soluble in water. .- '■

(g) The means should be cheap.

From these points of view, it was found that benzyl alcohol and diozane from Yortell in particular were found to promote crystallization Means for polyester are.

Examples of suitable crystallization-promoting agents for polyamides are methylamine, methylenediamine, benzaldehyde, Benzyl alcohol, benzylamine, anisole, chlorobenzene, nitrobenzene,

109882 / H84

Phenol and cresol. Decalin, tetralin, and toluene are examples for suitable crystallization promoters for propylene polymers.

The application of the crystallization-promoting agent on the threads can be effected by any desired measure, including dipping, peeling and spraying. The one that promotes crystallization. Means will be with the threads brought into contact at a suitable temperature and for a suitable time as set out below, and then removed from the threads by washing or evaporation. · Water, soapy water, alcohol or ether can be used for washing will.

The application and removal of the crystallization-promoting agent to the filaments, ie the step of crystallizing the filament surface, must be carried out under conditions such that the filaments are not stretched. In the case of continuous operation, it is preferred to guide the threads in the relaxed state with a transfer of 0 to 3 % through a crystallization zone. If the take-up speed from the crystallization zone is greater than the feed speed of the threads to this zone, cracks often occur in a direction perpendicular to the axis and the thread breaks during the subsequent drawing.

In the accompanying drawings represents

Fig. 1 is an optical microscopic photograph below transmitted light, which is a cross section of an unstretched polyethylene terephthalate thread, consisting of an amorphous core and a critical

- ■ "" "" BAD Ö.RiGiM / tj

109802/1484 ~~

Pig shows. 2 a photograph in the polarizing microscope of FIG

Sample naoh Pig »1,
Pig. 3 a photograph in a polarizing microscope for

Explanation of the variations in the thickness of the crystalline skin as a function of the time changes when touching the pad ens with the crystallized. income-promoting funds,

Pig. 4 is an optical microscopic photograph of a. Surface rendering of a polyethylene terephthalate thread according to the invention with a roughened surface, Pig. 5 is an electron microscope photograph dated

Screen type of a product according to the invention and Pig. 6 is a haster type electron microscope photograph of another product according to the invention.

If a practically non-stretched paden made of a practically amorphous polymer in the relaxed state is brought into contact with a crystallization stimulant and, after a suitable contact time, the agent is removed from the paden, a non-stretched paden with a crystallized surface, as in Pig. 1 shown. The specimen of the Pig. 1 illustrates a Paden, of the Padens was obtained with methanol by immersing a non-stretched Padens of .100 denier polyethylene terephthalate during 8 seconds benzyl alcohol .50 ⁰ C, followed by washing. According to Pig. I the outermost layer of the pad is dark black and that

1098827 U 84

Cretallizing agent has penetrated to a depth of about 11 microns, as is clearly evident from the fact that the color of this part is darker than that of the middle part. FIG. 2 shows the same specimen under observation crossed Nicol prisms, and clearly shows a crystalline "of the outermost layer existing skin that looks black by diffusion reflection, and the Häuptteil, which indicates the presence of bright translucent crystallites WSS, except that a 'portion in the form of a Maltese cross. It is preferred that the thickness of the crystalline skin, ie. the depth of penetration of the crystallization-promoting agent

means into the interior of the thread from the surface, within ■ "- ■■■ i

a range of 0.3 microns up to 30 % of the radius of the thread. The Fig. 3 show photographs under a polarizing microscope of cross sections of a series of sample pieces were prepared in the same manner as the test piece according to Fig. 1, except that the contact time see be- m thread and kristallisationsbegünstigendem agents to 3 seconds, 15 Seconds, 60 seconds, 180 seconds and 600 seconds was changed. As can be seen from Fig. 3, the strength of the crystallized skin increases as the contact time increases. If an undrawn thread is 10 denier or less, exceeding the value of the crystallized skin thickness over 30 % of the radius of the undrawn thread will result in breakage of the thread upon subsequent drawing or an end product with poor toughness properties. It is therefore preferred to reduce the contact time between the thread and the critical

BAD ORiGiNAL

10988 2 / U 84

To regulate installation-promoting agent so that the strength of the crystalline skin is not excessively large.

The temperature of the crystallization zone affects the degree of diffusion of the crystallization-promoting agent into the thread, but also - more importantly, determines the degree of crystallization of the skin of the treated thread. The extent of crystallization of a polymer is indicated by its density. The preferred temperature of the crystallization zone is such that the amorphous polymer is crystallized with an increase in its density by at least 0.025 g / ccm, advantageously at least 0.04 g / ccm. The choice of a suitable contact time and treatment temperature for a specific combination of a non-drawn thread as a starting material and a crystallizing agent can easily be made by the person skilled in the art. If the surface of an unstretched polyester thread is to be crystallized using benzyl alcohol as the crystallization agent, a contact time of about 0.2 to 20 seconds, in particular 3 to 3 seconds and a treatment ^{temperature of about 40 to 60 °} C. is in practice A contact time of about 0.2 to 20 seconds, especially 0.3 to 3 seconds, and a treatment ^{temperature of about 20 to 40 °} C. are practical for surface crystallization of an undrawn polyester thread using dioxane as a crystallization agent.

An unstretched thread with a crystalline skin can be done by applying a crystallization-promoting agent onto the melt-extruded filament while it is not yet solidified is, and subsequent removal can be made.

109882 / U 84 ", &.

An unstretched thread made up of a practically amorphous core and a crystalline skin is stretched in accordance with the usual methods. The preferred draw conditions depend on the the .Faden forming polymers, but the stretching is usually carried out in a larger draw ratio than the so-called natural draw ratio at a temperature ranging from room temperature to about 150 ⁰ C.

If one of a practically amorphous core and a crystalline one Skin built-up non-stretched thread is stretched according to the invention, the amorphous core part is stretched smoothly, whereas the crystalline skin offers considerable resistance to stretching. Consequently threads with a rough surface, as can be seen from FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, are obtained. The products according to the invention have a surface that is characterized by a variety of burr-like Elevations or corrugations of a size below a micron along the longitudinal direction of the threads (see Figs. 5 and 6) Marked are. It is to be assumed that these ridge-like elevations or corrugations by the forced drawing of the Crystalline polymers existing skin were formed in the longitudinal direction of the thread. If a thread that is not stretched having a relatively thick crystalline skin or a skin formed from a polymer with a relatively high degree of crystallization if it is stretched, part of the skin is stretched and wrinkles appear along the length of the skin Thread on. Other parts of the skin are either not stretched or only slightly stretched and remain as iso-

109882 / U 84

lined islands that protrude more than these corrugations (.sh .; Fig. 6). A product with islands isolated in this way a frequency of at least 5, in particular at least 10, per mm of thread length is preferred. .. '"* ._

If desired, the product according to the invention can also be used be heat treated. Pimples generally occur spontaneously if the product is heated to such a temperature in the relaxed state that the crystallization of the Fadens can continue to progress.

The product according to the invention has a silk-like handle and is completely free from a waxy handle. It has a larger coefficient of friction with fibers and a lower coefficient of friction with metals than the usual products of this type. Therefore, the product according to the invention has a reduced sliding friction with a metal component of a processing device and the interlacing of the threads with one another is increased. As a result, an improved spinnability and processability of the product can be expected. Furthermore, since the slip between the threads is reduced, the knitted or crocheted goods made from the product according to the invention have the advantage of difficult unhooking. The products of the invention have diffuse reflection on the surface, even if no Glarizbrechungsmit incorporated in IFRT "Furthermore, the er.f Lndungsgemäßö displays product when dyed a deep ochattieru-ng, specifically, arfindungsgemäße I't made also a pronounced luster refraction ^ effect of polyesters , through dispersion paint

1098 82 / U 8 4

V ^: ^: '■' - e ^: - 1785028

fabrics dyed well and unexpectedly show excellent Dye affinity for acid dyes.

The following examples are provided for further explanation of the invention without limiting it »

■ Example 1 Common Procedure

Ordinary spinning of -Nylon-6 was carried out, where; · <a. Steam treatment was applied in order to prevent the thread from breaking down on the bobbin after spinning. 6 of 265 ^P C using a standard. Received steam treatment. The unstretched thread obtained had an inherent viscosity of 0.98, a density of 1.13.4 g / ccm and a birefringence of 0.019.

Comparative procedure The same procedure as above was carried out,

m: ■ - ■■■

however the. Steam treatment not carried out and the yarn quenched ^{with dry air at 14 0 O.} An unstretched filament with a specific gravity of 1.1158 g / cc and a birefringence of .0,0018 was obtained, this sample can be kept in a substantially amorphous state during at least 30 hours, if at a lower temperature than-20 ⁰ C is stored with the moisture absorption of the fiber being less than 1% by weight, but if the thread is stored under such conditions that the moisture absorption of the thread is 4% by weight or more,

109882 / U84

. 'BAD ORIQi ^ AL

it crystallizes with simultaneous spontaneous elongation. As a result, its density increases to 1 _r 13 g / ecm and its birefringence to about 10 times or higher its initial value. .

Method according to the invention

It was practically the same procedure as the above ordinary procedures, but steam treatment not carried out, but benzaldehyde-methanol (80:20, based on volume) on the extruded thread Sprayed and the benzaldehyde from the thread by washing with methanol at a point 1.5 m below the point from spraying on, removed. The unstretched thread had a whitish cloudy surface, but its central part was transparent. The density of the central part was 1.1261 g / ccm and the birefringence was 0.0025. The depth of the crystallized Surface layer was about 0.8 microns and its density 1.1512 g / cc.

Each of the above three unstretched threads was stretched to 5.8 times its original length in contact with a mandrel ^{kept at 79 °} C. and taken up at a speed of 150 m / min. The properties of the oriented products obtained are summarized in Table I.

1 0 9882 / 1Λ8Λ νκ · "

Tough
speed Table I. Coefficient of
friction static • (g / d) Nylon-6 with thread with metal 4.8 Deh
tion 0.34 0.24 4.6 (*) 0.35 0.24 ordinary
procedure 4.1 31 0.42 0.21 Comparison ver
travel 34 according to the invention
procedure 33

The. Products obtained in accordance with the present invention have a surface comprising a plurality of protruding colonies 0.5 to 1.2 microns in size an average frequency of about 24 per mm along a Showing grid lines along the fiber axis, the colonies represented by a number of longitudinally arranged lower corrugations are separated to a size of about 0.05-0.2 microns.

The coefficient of static friction was under 300 cm / min, and 10 mg load according to the method determined by Roder. The metal became a chrome-plated Metal used.

Example 2

A thread made up of unstretched threads (1075 Denier / 36 threads), - which did not contain any gloss-breaking agent, made of polyethylene terephthalate with an inherent viscosity of 0.61, a birefringence of 0.0062 and a density of 1.3395 In the relaxed state, g / ccm became one of the values shown in Table II

109882 / U8

subjected to surface crystallization treatments listed. Each filament was about 28.5 microns in radius. the Thickness of the crystallized skin of the product obtained and the increase in the density of the skin are also shown in Table II listed.

10 9 882/1484

crystallization Tabel II Time Sec. density increase favorable Treat 5 Sec. of the skin the density middle lung 60 Sec. (Micron) (g / ccm) Ver Benzyl alcohol tempera- contact- 4th Sec. 3.5 0.038 search Benzyl alcohol tur ( ⁰ C) 0.1 Sec. 9.0 0.038 1 Benzyl alcohol 30th 0.6 Sec. 3.8 0.046 2 Benzyl alcohol 30th 0.5 Sec, 1.6 0.061 3 Benzyl alcohol 40 5 Sec. 3.2 0.079 4th acetone 60 0.6 Hours. 2.0 0.037 5 Benzyl acetate 80 1 Hours. 2.6 0.035 6th Benzyl acetate 22nd 1 Hours. 3.8 0.051 7th Anisole 20th 1 Hours. 28.5 0.071 8th Benzaldehyde 80 1 Hours. 28.5 0.075 9 Dioxane ^: 20th 1 Hours. 28.5 0.078 to Ohloroförin 20th 1 Hours. 28.5 0.069 11 Methyl acetate 20th 1 Hours. 28.5 0.051 12th Ethyl acetate 20th 1 Hours. 28.5 0.024 13th Ethyl acetate 20th 1 Hours. 28.5 0.047 14th Monochlorobenzene 20th 1 Hours. 28.5 0.027 15th Methylene chloride 40 1 Sec. 28.5 0.037 16 Ethylene chloride 20th 5 Hours. 28.5 0.028 17th Dichlorobenzene 0 24 month 28.5 0.016 18th m-cresol 0 1 month 1.5 0.048 19th Cyclohexanol 40 1 O O 20th Polyethylene glycol 22nd Sec. O O 21 Butyl stearate 20-100 2 Hours. O O 22nd 5jf more watery ⁺ '20 -70 1 23 Benzyl alcohol 20-70 Sec. 4.0 0.065 24 2 $ aqueous phenol 100 0.3 0.015 Benzylamine / methanol 80 Sec. 25th (90:10, volume) 22nd 100 Sec. 6.5 0.044 26- Benzylamine / methanol
(80/20, volume) 10 509έ aqueous dioxane 22nd 2.1 0.020 27 1.3 0.028 22nd 28 20th

Note: Molecular weight about 400

109882/1484

Each of the test pieces listed in Talbelle II and an undrawn yarn, which had not been subjected to any surface crystallization treatment for comparison purposes, were drawn to 5 times the original length, for which they were brought into contact ^{with a mandrel at a temperature of 60 ° C.} The properties of the products obtained are summarized in Table III.

109882 / U84

gabeile III

Tersuch

(at 60 ⁰ C, stretching ratio 5)

Coefficient of the sta-strength of the frequency of viscous- dental friction

colony
(Micron)

of the colony with (am " ¹ ) · ^ ^{S // d} ^ ^ thread

0.8-4.1
2-10
0.8-3.5
0.5-1.5

- 0.6-1.2

32-75
25-31
19-54
7-22

- 15-38

not
behan
delt

4.3
4.1
3.8

3.9
4.5
4.2
4.4

4f5;

46
59
65
43
40
58
48

0.58 0.75 0.51 0.48 0.27 0.52 0.30

mrr metal 0.19 0.18 0.20 0.22 0.18 0.20 0.22

Dye, frizz, fabric, often gloss breakage exhaustion .. effect fung 'cm "L, (%) (#) (inch"" ¹ )

0.2

2-2.5 0.3-0.5 0.3 0.05 0.3 0.05

68 25-35 _N.
(10-14) I.
tv> 84 38-45
(t5 - 18) I. 79 25-30
(10 - 12) 74 20-28
(8 - 11) 1785026 40 0
(0) 72 18-30
(7 - 12) 42
38 2.5 - 7.6
(1 - 3)
0 (O)

Colony Frequency: Number of colonies on a grid line along the thread.

Gloss breaking effect: For example, 0.2 means that the thread has a gloss breaking effect

equivalent to that of an untreated thread, if that TiOp in an amount of 0.2 wt .- # contains.

Dye exhaustion: containing measured with a g of a test piece, which was dyed with a dyeing bath 40 mg · Dispasol Fast Scarlet B150 and 100 cc of water 98 to 99 ⁰ C.

For comparison purposes, the same procedure was used as for tests 2 and 5 were repeated, but the starting material was an unstretched thread from a surface crystallization treatment under a tension of 250 mg / den. In both cases there was frequent thread breakage during stretching, and no satisfactory products were obtained.

The surface crystallization and subsequent stretching described above can also be applied to a semi-stretched one Thread with a plurality of alternating non-stretched and stretched portions are applied along the thread eyelet. According to this modification of the invention, the effects of the crystallizing agent and the stretching become mainly the unstretched healing is practiced, and the stretched parts are hardly affected. Because of this, products with the already described characteristic surface according to the invention, which occur intermittently along the thread axis. Such products have a massive one Gloss and moderate adhesion and are often preferred. The following examples illustrate this modification.

Example 5

Polypropylene was spun into undrawn multifilament (240 denier / 20 filaments) in the conventional manner. The unstretched thread was passed through a pair of gears and received slight scars on the surface at intervals of 2.5 mm. It was semi-drawn at a draw ratio of 1.5 at room temperature and, over a period of 0,2 seconds einge- in decalin, which was heated to a temperature of 95 ⁰ C

109882 / U84

■ - 22 ■ - ■

dives. The thus treated yarn was washed with methanol and directly to the 4-times its original length by means of a hot mandrel of 110 ⁰ C stretched · There was / receive load 20, a yarn of 41 denier. The depth of penetration of the dexjalin into the unstretched portion of the semi-stretched thread was 0.58-0.75 (average 0.68) microns, while that in the stretched portion was below the limit determined by an interference microscope. The surface of the obtained thread had concave and convex parts with a size of about 0.3-0.5 microns and a very smooth part and showed an excellent appearance. The thread had a fracture toughness of 4.8 g / denier, an elongation at break of $ 35 and a boiling water shrinkage of 5.1 ^.

Example 4

(A) Nylon-6 was spun in a conventional manner into an undrawn multifilament of 280 denier / 34 threads with a birefringence of 0.008 »The undrawn thread was 1.4 times its original length at room temperature in a 6 # aqueous Phenol solution half-stretched, kinks occurred with a frequency of 0.4 to 3 per cm of the thread. After washing with water, the yarn for 5 seconds in a 60 $ aqueous benzylamine (55 ⁰ C) was dipped, then washed with water, and further 2.8 times by means of a heat roller of 120 ⁰ C stretched. The penetration of the benzylamine into the undrawn portion of the half-drawn thread was about 1.2 microns. The unstretched part had a refraction of 0.008 and a specific gravity of mass in the treated area of

109882 / U84

1.152. The stretched portion contained the benzylamine at a depth of less than 0.2 microns and had a birefringence of 0.051 and a specific gravity of 1.139. The properties of the threads obtained are shown in Table IY. (B) The same non-stretched thread as in (A) was not half-stretched, but was dipped ^{directly into an aqueous 50 # strength benzylamine solution (55 0} O) for 5 seconds. The treated thread was stretched to the 3.9-fold. The properties of the thread obtained are listed in Table IV »

Table IV

(A) (B) Toughness (g / d) 4.5-5.2 3.9-4.1 Elongation (g) 31-35 24-30 specific weight
the crowd 1.149 1.151 Coefficient of sta
table friction
(between the threads) 0.39-0.61 0.58-0.65 Gloss refraction effect {$>) 0.5 1.0 Sparkle available is missing

10988 2/1 4-8 4

Claims (1)

Claims 1 _{# A} process for the production of threads with a coarse surface, characterized in that a thread of a crystallizable synthetic organic polymer which is not stretched or contains an unstretched part is stretched, the entire length of the thread or numerous parts along its length a - practically amorphous core and a crystalline skin are built up » 2 »Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the difference in density between the core and the skin of the. not « stretched thread or »part is at least 0.025 g / cem» 3 »Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the skin of the unstretched thread or part of a thickness, measured using a polarizing microscope, from 0.3 microns to 30% of the radius of the unstretched thread or part having" 4, a process for the production of threads with a coarse surface, characterized in that on a practically unstretched, A thread which is made up of a practically amorphous, crystallizable synthetic organic polymer, promotes crystallization Agent applied, the crystallization-promoting agent to form a non-stretched, from a practical amorphous core and a crystallized skin existing thread is removed, and the application and removal of the crystallization-promoting Means is carried out under such conditions that the thread is not stretched, followed by the thread is stretched » 109882/1484 5 · The method according to claim 4, characterized in j that the difference in weight between core and skin is not »· stretched thread with crystallized core is at least 0.025 g / com ". 6p method according to claim 5 »characterized in that that the skin of the unstretched thread with crystallized Skin has a thickness, measured using a polarizing microscope το η 0.3 microns up to 30 # of the radius of the thread * 7 · "Process for the production of threads with a coarse surface, characterized in that a practically non-stretched, crystallizable from a practically amorphous synthetic organic polymers built up load with the formation of a semi-stretched thread with alternately present stretched parts and non-stretched parts is stretched along the length of the thread, with a crystallization-promoting Agent is applied to the half-stretched thread and this under formation of a thread, the number » has rich unstretched parts along its length, which are made up of a practically amorphous core and a crystallized skin, is removed, with the application and Removal of the crystallization-promoting agent is carried out under such conditions that the thread does not is stretched, whereupon the thread is stretched. 8, method according to claim 7, characterized in that that the density difference between the core and the skin in the non-stretched thread with a crystallized skin is at least 0.025 g / com » 109882/1484 9 * The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the skin of the non-stretched thread with a crystal! " If skin has a thickness, measured by means of a polarizing microscope, from 0.3 microns up to $ 30 of the radius of the! adens « 1Oe process for the production of polyester threads with a coarse surface, characterized in that a practically undrawn thread made of a linear polyester containing at least 85 mol? £ ethylene terephthalate is stretched and the thread consists of a practically amorphous core and a crystallized skin, wherein the difference in density between core and skin is at least 0 $ 04 g / ccm and the skin has a thickness, measured by means of a polarizing microscope, of 0.3 microns up to 30 $> the radius of the thread » 11 ο Process for the production of polyester thread with coarse surface, characterized in that a crystallization-promoting Funds to a practically null and void, from a practically amorphous linear polyester, which contains at least 85 M0I-5C ethylene terephthalate, built up thread on ge «, is brought, this with the formation of a non-stretched, from a practically amorphous core and a crystallized one Skin built up thread is removed, with the application and removal of the crystallization-promoting agent is carried out under such conditions that the thread is not stretched, and a non-stretched thread with a 109882/1484 crystallized surface "is obtained, the density · ■ difference between the practically amorphous core and the
crystallized skin is at least Qj04 g / ccm and the skin has a thickness ", measured by means of a polarizing microscope, of 0.3 microns up to 30 $ of the radius of the thread,
and then ddr thread is stretched. 109882 / TA 84