DE1784432B2 - Sound-absorbing, elastic felt made of mineral fibers bound with an elastomer, as well as method and device for its production - Google Patents

Description

5 6

and with a pump 12 in communication. Which are produced by procedures. The felt obtained has a

Excess liquid from the felt is then made to basis weight of 220 g / m ² , and its thickness is

a conveyor belt 13 under a drying '_ ⁸

route 14 out, which works with infrared radiation. ¹⁰

As a result, the inner layers of the felt 5 The fibers of the felt are quickly brought to the required temperature by means of a binder of the following composition:
whereby the effect of the auxiliaries in the binder emulsion of polychloroprene! ^ 7.63%
mixture supports and a migration of the binder thickener on cellulose on the two surfaces during the drying ^ ₃₅ J ₅ "q I ₇ o _{/ o}

is avoided. Thereafter the felt is in the space io Thprmri KnaonUiiinn ^ miitVl °

15 led, where the wehere drying and crosslinking ¹¹ KZSAK ^ * 0.20%

of the elastomer binder by means of infrared radiation. _w Q-> m <> /

Circulation of hot air or the like. Is carried out. ^{Wdsser νζΛΛ} '°

The felt produced in this way is finally at 16 The proportion by weight of the binder is 45%

conditioned. 15 of the total weight of the felt.

Should the felt be used as a base or underlayer for the mechanical properties of the felt

pliable wall coverings or floor coverings the following:

serve, the binder consists of an aqueous tensile strength of 10 kg / cm width

Emulsion of a natural latex or a latex SrhprfesTiokPi »7 ι! ' _{/ rm} 2

of the groups polychloroprene, carboxylated butadiene- »> ^ cneriesugKeii ζ Kg / cm

Styrene and acrylonitrile butadiene. The felt is connected to a floor covering

As auxiliaries for the effect of a uniform plasticized and with fillers provided poly distribution of the binder in the felt come with the vinyl chloride. The thickness of this coating is ~ mm
Manufacture of the lower layers of the door in a flexible BevmyK-nioncl. The thickness of this covering is _{] 0} mm.

clothing following into consideration 25 The curve in FIG. 2 relates to the

1. Means to improve the adhesion between improving the insulation against impact sound dependent the elastomers and the mineral fibers: from the sound frequency in Hertz door the above

a) Adhesives based on mercapto-silane. Composition applied on a massive

b) Resorcinol-formaldehyde resin with a Verdik "J ^d » "ned concrete floor with a thickness of

Acrylic based plasticizers. ³ ° ^ ^m '.... .- ,, ..,, ","

^B ' As is well known, the differences in sound

2. Means that physically block the strength in decibels as plotted as ordinates Elastomer before or during the leakage of are represented by the relationship:

Water in the drying phase causes: _

a) cellulose-based thickeners whose vis- "

viscosity increases very rapidly with temperature. ^wobci * -> ^d ! ^e recorded (measured) sound strength

preferably methyl cellulose. f- ^w t " ^{n dlc d} ' ^c ^ ° ^ generating machine itself on

b) if neoprene latex is used as a binder, a ^dei " ^bite floor (without covering) is located, and thermal coagulant, preferably one where L _{2 is} the recorded sound intensity. if ammonium salt, in particular ammonium nitrate. <° the machine is on the covering of the floor Ammonium sulfate or ammonium chloride ^{.. °? Γ F} ^ ^lo J ^the sound insulation (value of acoustic improvement) of such a composition

The proportion by weight of the binder plus auxiliary (covering + lower layer) was determined according to

substances is between 20 and 40% of the total weight according to the regulations of the Center Scicntifique et Technique

of the felt when used as an underlayer at 45 du Batiment (CSTB) and is a = 26 dB.

Wall coverings and between 35 and 50% if the required is the felt as a base or underlayer of the door

Use as a sub-layer for floor coverings. Rigid wall coverings or floor coverings are used.

The wallcoverings can, for example, consist of the binder from an aqueous emulsion of

Tissue, paper or the like. The floor coverings are carboxylated in butadiene-styrene latex. and the auxiliary

can be made from polyvinyl chloride, linoxyn. Carpet Mo- 50 consists of a thickener on cellulose

chain, moquette or the like. loose base. e.g. methyl cellulose, its viscosity

The attachment of the underlayer to the clothing. increases very rapidly with the temperature - the weight

the covering od. The like. By forming the undersized proportion of the elastomer between 20 and

layer directly on the clothing, the covering 40% of the total weight of the lower layer for wall

or the like.

an adhesive, e.g. B. based on a synthetic coverings.

Resin that is dispersed in water or in a

Solvent is dissolved. subject the layer to a treatment in which one

on that surface of the lower layer that is connected to the to clothing or the flooring, a

Embodiment 1 applies a thin layer, for example a PoIv-

for the use of the felt as a base vinyl chloride film, a layer of butadiene-styrene

or sub-layer for a pliable resin rich in styrene, an aqueous dispersion

Floor covering made of polystyrene, a glass fiber loop or the like here

6s due to local stresses are better distributed.

The underlayer is made of fiberglass. those of the rigid clothing or the rigid covering

the length of which a few decimeters and the average are transferred, and it is thereby reduced

The diameter is 16 microns and the deformations of the underlaid that remain after blowing

st H

d el g '

0 d ti e ν

The wall coverings can consist, for example, of panels made of wood, of metal, of glass-resin composites etc.

The floor coverings can consist of parquet parts made of wooden slats, polyvinyl chloride panels, which are filled with fillers and hardened, etc.

The lower layer can be attached to the clothing or the covering by means of an adhesive which consists of a film based on a synthetic resin which is dispersed in water or dissolved in a solvent, for example polyvinyl acetate in an aqueous dispersion.

Embodiment II

for using the felt as a base

or underclass for a rigid

Flooring

The glass fiber felt has the same properties as that according to embodiment 1.

The fibers of this felt are connected by means of a binder of the following composition:

Carboxylated emulsion

Butadiene styrene 7.7%

Thermogelling thickening

medium 0.3%

Water 92%

The average percentage of this binder in based on the total weight of the underlayer is 40%.

The mechanical properties of the underlayer are as follows:

Tensile strength 16 kg cm width

Shear strength 3 kg / cm ²

This underlayer is connected to a floor covering made of parquet wood flooring measuring 12.5 χ 2.5 cm with a thickness of 8 mm. The parquet wood is glued to the lower layer by means of 200 gm ^{2 of} an aqueous emulsion of polyvinyl acetate.

The curve of FIG. 3 relates to the improvement of the insulation against impact sound as a function of the sound frequency in Hertz for the above composition of the parquet lamella sub-layer, glued to a solid, reinforced concrete floor 14 cm thick.

The insulation factor (value of the acoustic improvement! (CSTB) is a = 26 dB.

Should the connection of the felt according to the invention be used as a base or underlayer with pliable or rigid clothing. Coverings etc. or when processing on a carrier (floor or walls) are carried out by gluing, in particular by means of an adhesive of low viscosity, there is a risk of that the adhesive migrates into the fibers of the felt, whereby a deterioration in the elastic properties of the felt and. each on the the same amount of the adhesive used. a reduction in the adhesion of the felt to the Clothing or the covering or on the carrier is effected.

To avoid these disadvantages, the pores of the surface or the Surfaces of the felt to which the adhesive is to be applied, partially or completely closed

This partial or complete closure of the pores can be brought about by the A thin layer is applied to the surface of the felt during or at the end of its manufacture, consisting of a binder, a mineral filler and mineral or organic fibers small diameter, generally between 1 and 10 microns.

The following products can be used to close the pores:

a) Binder such as an emulsion made from polyvinyl acetate, butadiene-styrene. Ethylene vinyl acetate, bitumen, etc., Phenol-formaldehyde resins etc., starch milk etc.

b) mineral fillers such as chalk, silica, diatomaceous earth, perlite, etc.

c) mineral or organic fibers of small diameter between about 1 and 10 μ.

The processing of these products can be carried out as follows:

a) with the binders by atomization, by means of a squeegee or applicator roller, but must the binders have a high viscosity, between about 1,000 and 10,000 centipoise. Drying with warm air is intended to complete the processing of the aqueous binders.

b) in the case of the fillers in connection with the binder or binders, by means of a mechanical device for centrifugation,

c) in the case of the fibers by means of a device for centrifuging. This operation can be useful are carried out at the moment of manufacture of the fibrous base material of the felt.

The amount of product used depends on the degree of pore closure desired. Appropriately used amounts are between 5 and 100 gm ² and in particular between 10 and 30 gm ^2. They are applied in one or more successive layers.

According to an example that does not limit the scope of protection, one for gluing can be special; effective surface treatment can be carried out with an aqueous solution according to the following Composition:

Emulsion of carboxylated

Butadiene styrene 4% Cellulose based thickener 2% Chalk as filler 12%

Water 82%

This solution is applied to the surface of the fibrous product by means of a squeegee or roller on the surface of the fibrous product in such a way that, after drying, the fixed amount of material brought up is 30 gm ^{2 in} an oven with moving warm air.

Should now the felt according to the invention as a difference or underlay with clothing, a BeIa od. The like. Made of plastic material, in particular a vinyl clothing. by an overdrawing process ve) are bound, a paste of plastic material, e.g. B. vinyl resin. on the continuous hair dryer Striding felt applied, shaped and geliei (hardened). If the felt is un

509 540A i

has been stored in the form of a roll until it is used, this roll-up can be a partial Destruction of the original layering of the fibers, which leads to the formation of transverse folds or folds. Results in corrugations on the surface of the felt. These transverse corrugations disappear when unrolled of the felt only partially, and these irregular defects in flatness are found in that final garment cover completely and make the product for aesthetic reasons unusable.

In order to avoid these disadvantages, the felt according to the invention is applied to it prior to being covered Brought temperature that the thermoplastic binder in the felt softens and so a rearrangement of the Fibers is effected according to the original layering planes. When rolling up the product Any transverse corrugations that have formed disappear completely and the felt retains its original flatness again.

The heat treatment can be carried out on the machine for coating, namely immediately before the apparatus, generally a squeegee, which is used to apply the vinyl paste to the under tension held felt is used.

In this surface treatment, it is expedient to use a tension of the felt between about 0.5 and 5 kg / cm of width; a uniform temperature between about 120 and 170 ° C. and preferably about 160 ^° C.

After this thermal treatment, the felt must not move on continuously

ίο Deformation during the application process and the gelling and cooling of the vinyl coating.

Although in the examples described the use of the composition according to the invention as a base, underlayer or the like for cladding, coverings or the like for the construction of walls or As has been considered in floors, these compositions can either be used immediately or also in Connection with cladding, coverings or the like. Serve for thermal insulation. So can these compositions for example for the thermal insulation of vehicles or parts of vehicles be used.

For this purpose 3 sheets of drawings

Claims (13)

Patent claims: 1. Sound-absorbing, elastic felt made of mineral fibers, in particular glass fibers, which are in a tangled layer ucd are bound by a latex-based elastomer serving as a binder with the addition of auxiliaries, characterized by an arrangement of the fibers forming the felt in a tangled layer in parallel planes, by an average fiber diameter between 10 and 40 microns, through a fiber length of at least 10 centimeters, through a basis weight of the felt between 150 and 300 g / m ² , through the auxiliary materials forming adhesion promoters and / or coagulants, through a weight proportion of the binder between 20 and 50% of the Total weight of the felt and a homogeneous structure of the felt. 2. Felt according to claim 1, characterized in that the connection of the fibers of the felt Serving binder from an aqueous emulsion of a natural latex or a latex of the Groups polychloroprene, carboxylated butadiene-styrene. Acrylonitrile butadiene and an adhesion promoter based on mercapto-silane or a resorcinol-formaldehyde resin with a thickener acrylic based or with a cellulosic thickener, preferably Methyl cellulose. 3. Felt according to claim 1, characterized in that the binder is neoprene latex, the one Thermal coagulant, preferably an ammonium salt is added, in particular ammonium nitrate. Ammonium sulfate or ammonium chloride. 4. Felt according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by a design as Underlay or underlayer, for connection with flexible or rigid wall coverings, Floor coverings or for processing on a carrier, such as the floor or walls. 5. Felt according to claim 4, which is designed as a base or lower layer, characterized in that that the pores of its surface or surfaces intended for bonding at least are partially closed. 6. Felt according to claim 5, characterized in that that a thin layer of a binder, a mineral, is used to close the pores Filler, mineral or organic fibers of small diameter, which is expedient is between 1 and 10 microns. 7. Process for the production of the sound-insulating ι, · -. \ ..> η, elastic felt from mineral fibers. In particular glass fibers lying in a tangled layer and bound by a latex-based elastomer serving as a binder with the addition of auxiliaries, according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a fiber felt is formed from fibers with an average diameter between 10 and 40 microns and a length of at least 10 cm, the fibers being applied in random layers in several layers to form a coherent structure until a surface weight between 150 and 300 g.'m ^{2 is} reached that the binder consisting of the elastomer and the auxiliaries is in aqueous emulsion on the forward moving felt is applied, the inflow being regulated so that the binder in the finished felt makes up 20 to 50 percent by weight, and that the felt so obtained is dewatered and dried by means of infrared radiation and passed into a heated room to crosslink the elastomer. 8 The method according to claim 7, characterized in that that at the beginning of the drying process z. B. by infrared radiation the inner layers of the felt can be heated quickly. 9 Method according to claim 7 or 8 for closing the pores in the production of the felt according to claims 5 and 6, characterized in that a thin layer of 5 to 100, preferably 10 to 30 g'm ^{2 is} applied to the felt, which from a binder, a mineral filler and mineral or organic fibers. suitably between 1 and 10 microns in diameter. 10. The method according to claim 7 or X for closing pores in the manufacture of the felt according to claim 5, characterized in that the pore closing during or at the end of the The felt is produced and an aqueous solution of the following composition is applied for this purpose will: Emulsion of carboxylated Butadiene styrene 4% Cellulose thickener basis * ■ ° Chalk as filler 12% Water ⁸ - ^{0 /} ° 11. The method according to any one of claims 7 and 8 and optionally according to claims 9 and 10. wherein bases or sub-layers according to claim 4 connected by a pull-over process are covered with clothing or a covering made of plastic material, in particular vinyl clothing. characterized in that to achieve a rollability of the felt without the Rolling permanent corrugations arise, the felt before being coated on such a temperature is brought about that its thermoplastic binder softens and so a reorganization of the fibers effected according to the original levels of stratification. 12. The method according to claim II, characterized in that that, after the thin layer has been applied, the felt is subjected to a mechanical tension between 0.5 and 5 kg cm in width and brought to a uniform temperature between 120 and 170 C. preferably about 160 C. will. 13. Device for carrying out the method according to one of claims 7 and 8 and optionally 9 to 12, characterized by a Device (2) for producing long fibers (I) by means of a conveyor belt (3) on which the felt (5) is formed by a mixer (7) for mixing the binder with the auxiliary substances a device (8) for impregnating the felt (5) with the binder, through a suction direction (10, 11, 12), through a drying system (14), for example with infrared radiation works, and by an enclosed R.i.um serving to network the binder (15). The invention relates to a sound-absorbing, elastic felt made of mineral fibers, in particular Glass fibers that lie in a tangled layer and with a latex-based elastomer that acts as a binder are bound with the addition of auxiliaries. The invention also relates to a method of manufacture this felt, and it also relates to an apparatus for carrying out this process. The felts according to the invention are particularly intended to be used as a base, underlayer or the like. For clothing, coverings or the like. To be used if a sound and / or heat insulation should be achieved. The coverings can be wall coverings and the coverings can be floor coverings. A plate made of resin-bonded glass fibers has become known through British patent specification 9 28 028, which, due to its composition and structure, should have a sound-absorbing effect. With this well-known Plate is provided with a cracked surface that is covered with a light reflective clothing and leaves the cracks open. The surface should have irregular unevenness. This well-known The plate is not used as a base or underlayer for the above-mentioned cladding or coverings suitable, especially since they also have sufficient sound insulation must be relatively thick. The invention is based on the object of designing the felt described above so that it is suitable for the purposes mentioned is suitable and has only a small thickness with good sound insulation. To solve this problem, the felt according to the invention is characterized by an arrangement of the fibers forming the felt in a random layer in parallel lines, with an average fiber diameter between 10 and 40 microns, with a fiber length of at least 10 centimeters, with a basis weight of the felt between 150 and 300 gm ² . through the adhesion promoters and / or coagulants forming the auxiliary materials, through a proportion by weight of the binder between 20 and 50% of the total weight of the felt and through a homogeneous structure of the felt. The fact that the fibers are in a tangled position in parallel planes means that the felt can be relatively thin and still has a flat surface. Experiments have shown that the inventive FiI / has very good sound insulation. Its use as an underlayer results in perfect Coverings or coverings with very good sound insulation. The tests also found that that the soundproofing properties are retained over time, even if the Claddings or coverings are subjected to considerable mechanical loads, such as this is the case, for example, with a loaded floor. In addition, it has been shown that the inventive Felt is stable in its dimensions. In addition, it is imperishable and heavy flammable. Appropriate types of binder are given in claims 2 and 3. Further advantageous embodiments are listed in claims 4 to 6. The Wall coverings made, for example, of fabric, paper, panels of wood, of metals, of glass-resin compositions or the like exist. The floor coverings can consist of materials such as 2. B. polyvinyl chloride, Linoxyn, carpet moquette, moquette, parquet woods, etc. The attachment of the underlayer to the clothing, the covering or the like can be effected directly by forming the underlayer on the clothing, the covering or the like. Or by inserting an adhesive, e.g. B. on the base a synthetic resin dispersed in water or dissolved in a solvent. The pore closing serves to prevent the adhesive from migrating into the fibers of the felt. This would be a Deterioration in elastic properties and a decrease in the adhesion of the felt to the Clothing or the surface or on a carrier. Also would the sound absorbing Properties of the felt are reduced. Claim 7 describes the method according to the invention for producing the felt according to the invention. Claims 8 to 12 contain advantageous embodiments of this method. In claim 13 is the device according to the invention for carrying out the method according to the invention described in an exemplary embodiment. Further details of the invention can be found in the drawing and given as an example the following description relating to examples. Fig. 1 shows schematically an apparatus for the production of the felt according to the invention. The F i g. 2 shows as a curve the improvement in Insulation against impact sound depending on the sound frequency in Hertz for a composition of a Floor covering made of plasticized and filled with fillers polyvinyl chloride with the inventive Felt as an underlayer, applied to a solid and reinforced concrete floor. Fig. 3 shows a corresponding curve with a floor covering made of parquet slats and the felt according to the invention as an underlayer. In Fig. 1, the long fibers 1 come from one suitable manufacturing device 2 and fall in successive layers on a sieve-like Conveyor belt 3, which wanders along a box 4, which is open at the top and which is kept under negative pressure. The fibers become tangled in parallel planes and form a felt (mat, fleece or the like) 5. This felt is then by means of a sieve-like Tiansporl belt 6 led to the place of the binder feed. This place is seen from a trough 7. in which a homogeneous Mixture of the elastomer or elastomers with their auxiliaries is prepared, and a distributor 8. the Mixture applies to the felt by pouring over or spraying. Impregnation of the felt but can also be done by diving. The felt impregnated with binder then runs over a sieve-like felt Conveyor belt 9 and is led to the suction device, where the felt from the excess Fluid is freed. The suction device has a cylindrical pressure roller 10 and a box 11 on, which is arranged vertically under the band 9