DE1675306A1 - Adjustable flow amplifier - Google Patents

Description

i ": - ^"; - Ι, κ- - L'-lley ^ 1675308

rriorLt, y: i'eor-uary 2c, TAKjY
Uw:; r.ilo. κ. V- ;, ^ 62

'.K-neraJ filocbrlc Oompany, Schenectady, M.Y., V.fet.A.

Rügelba ro r ο b r ömungs ν er strongest r

O; e I.'ri "'In-: iun {5 enters'. -in a controllable flow control

, .Ino zv / ticlirnerinionalo w'crömungG ^ / reinforcement arrangement enchält y.vf.jl among each other verbunaeno analog flow amplifiers of the 1st ...! Ri'aoh'-rnpfärigürtyp, flosson! Inlets for the solving medium ■ ai 'Jin *; t-.iicllf. ''/ on input signals to be amplified, which are formed by ■';'<n' .iruci-i '/ orUnderlichoK medium, connected:; i.ri'U.'! touermoci iumeiniäs. ^r j ^f . ' are to a common source of a Druakrrri.ttolr; connected, the pressure of which is adjustable in order to determine the Λ. "ι;? -. Ltobbereichr; der wtrömun; '; s / stronger. In, /, οοίπ /f.rstark.' .. r tsinu boirn 'J', rörnungsernpfänger zv / ei against each other - / - γ -] ^ολ:, -; ^ · ^r: ni; lastunc; arranged skanäle An additional de-La:; tung can dauurch... can be obtained, since in each amplifier a further I'intlastunrskanal is connected to a second control medium in-LaI;

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receivers received Meαiurns forms the amplified input signal representative output variable of an arrangement, with the The gain corresponding to the pressure of the medium supplied to the first tax decrees has a value less than 1.

The invention is particularly concerned with a flow intensifier assembly , with adjustable gain.

The recently developed flow amplifiers without moving mechanical parts have many advantages over analog electronic ones Facilities. In particular, these are flow amplifiers Relatively simply constructed, cheap to manufacture and resistant to extreme environmental influences such as mechanical Shocks, vibrations, nuclear radiation and high temperatures. Due to the lack of moving parts, their lifespan is practically unlimited, so that they can be operated for long periods of time without interruption. The power amplifiers can be used for analog and digital computer systems, Regulation and control systems as well as power organs for the actuation of valves and the like. Can be used. Two main classes of flow amplifiers are the analog amplifier and the digital amplifier. The invention is limited to the former type, i.e. to analog amplifiers, commonly referred to as' fylomentauschverträger-r ", in which a.zu Controlling pressure medium jet, the so-called power jet, by one or more control jets coming from two sides are directed against the power beam, is deflected. With the most common type of amplifier, the power beam is normal-

109834/0 370

- BAD ORIGINAL

. 3 - 1675

toilet j. so au .t 'die--, .ί ·'.!. "^ tc directed between two flow receivers, and jic distraction occurs relative to the recipients around a dem resulting ueltwärtsmomeiit of the control beams proportional Bctra ;;;. Such a facility is therefore commonly referred to as a cinema Called proportional or analog amplifier,

The usual two-receiver analog flow amplifier works with constant amplification, whereby the amplification can be defined as the pressure change in the flow medium received by the receivers, which corresponds to a certain pressure change in the control means supplied to the control means is insof'-: ' ⁱⁿ one'-' two-dimensional device, as the rapid flow paths of the variable control jets lie in a common plane. ; '122 (. inventor: V> .A Boothe), wherein an additional verstärkungsändernder or verstarkungsregelnder control jet deflects the output beam in the third dimension, perpendicular ie lh direction to the deflection direction of the first control beams This latter flow amplifier is / on something more complicated structure. by an additional control jet inlet for the gain-regulating control jet and additional flow receivers are required.

The main object on which the invention is based is to create a controllable flow amplifier of a simple design.

109834/1370

The flow amplifier should be designed in such a way that it enables a controllable amplification with only two-dimensional deflection of the conduction beam. _:

Another object of the invention is to provide a to create such a flow amplifier, its degree of amplification can be regulated to values less than 1. A similar facility, but its degree of amplification is higher or fourth less than 1 is adjustable, 'is the subject of an equilateral filed patent application (RDCD-9 ^ 9 - inventor: MC. Doherty) by the same applicant.

Briefly stated, a flow amplifier arrangement is provided according to the invention which, when using single-cycle input signals, contains a single flow amplifier of the analog type or, for operation with push-pull signals, contains two such amplifiers connected to one another. The flow amplifiers each have a power jet inlet, a single flow receiver aligned with the central axis of the amplifier and at least one control jet inlet lying in one plane with the power flow receiver and the flow receiver for the controllable deflection of the power jet relative to the receiver by means of moment exchange. Two relief channels directed against one another serve to relieve the working medium pressure on the receiver. In the embodiments working with push-pull input signals, the power jet inlets are in connection with a source of a pressure-variable working medium which

10983Α / Π370

BATH ORIGINAL

strengthening 'push-pull input signal. First control jet inlets are in communication with a common source of a medium whose pressure is within a predetermined range is adjustable and that represents a preload signal, which determines the working range of the input signal on the non-linear input-output characteristics of the flow amplifier. Optionally provided second control jet inlets are opposite the first control jet inlets and with additional φ borrowed relief channels connected. The reinforcement of this two-dimensional The arrangement is a puncture of the preload signal and can be regulated to values less than 1 by setting the pressure.

The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. It show: ■

Pig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a push-pull version dos controllable flow amplifier according to the invention;

Pig. 2 shows the circuit diagram of the arrangement according to FIG. 1; ■

Pig. 3 is a graph showing the input-output non-linear control characteristics for a single receiver analog flow amplifier of the type used in the arrangement of FIG. 1 for various power jet pressures; and

Pig. 4 is a diagram showing the control characteristics of the controllable Otrö'mungsνerstarkeranordnung according to FIG. 1 for different preload pressures plays back when operating with weak signals.

109834/0370

The one in Pig. 1 shown controllable flow amplifier arrangement consists of two interconnected flow amplifiers of the analog type, each with a receiver, which are fed with a pressure difference or push-pull input signal and deliver a correspondingly amplified counter-current output signal at their outputs. The arrangement can also be operated with a single-ended input signal, so that it supplies an amplified single-ended output signal, in which case, however, it is more economical to build the arrangement with only one of the two flow amplifiers, i.e. only one half of the arrangement according to FIG 1 to use. The two flow amplifiers are designated as a whole with the reference numbers 5 and 6. Details of the construction and operation of similar analog flow amplifiers and their external connections are described in U.S. Patents 3,233,622 and 3,260,456 (V / .A. Boothe), while the particular flow intensifier is described in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 499 ^ 03 by the same applicant (filed on October 2, 1965; inventor: WA Boothe) (Belgian patent specification 631 239, French patent specification 1 480 521, Italian patent specification 764 667, British patent application) 604/66, German patent application G 46 903 la / 60, Japanese patent application 29 912/66). For the present purpose it suffices to mention that the flow intensifiers each have a power jet inlet, at least one control jet inlet, a single flow receiver and at least two relief channels on the flow receiver.

109834/0370 ^Bm original

The power supply and fire jet inlets are made up of π sin m J "oröHiungskanal, which is connected at one end with a pressure -: .- ra ^.; /: T · ¹ IcWoIlc and at the other Fnde In a jet nozzle :: opens to a beam AuortoiJen 3o have the Leistum: ': -.. ntrahleinlässc the amplifiers 5 and 6 flow channels 7 and V (which on a "] nde with a source druc-kvcränderlicher flow odoν workers : · Ttelsignale P., - T. _Q (δΓ,) are connected, woooi represents the size of the pressure difference between these two Si ^ - nal> :! i da; i to verntaTi-round input signal. The jM Speisedruok F _r . This pressure difference variable power m ^ uiuinG is actually a mean pressure P, on which a variable Di'uclc ΔΓ-j four represents the input signal to be amplified is superimposed (P = P + ΔΡ.). The (pressure difference) push-pull input signal P. , - P. "is an analog signal, that is," it generally changes depending on the magnitude of its pressure of any system parameter. The channels 7 and 17 open at their other "ends into nozzles 9 and 19, respectively." to generate pressure- variable power jets zn which emerge from these nozzles and are directed along the central axis of the flow intensifiers. the nozzle 19 and the receiver 11. In a corresponding manner, the first control jet inlets of the amplifiers 5 and 6 have flow channels 81 and 24, respectively, which open into control nozzles 2j5 and 26, respectively

10 $ 8 3 4/0 3 7 0 * äd- original

Generate bias control jets emerging from the nozzles and are directed essentially from the side against the power beam. The channels 21 and 24 are 'in connection' with a happy innamen CueHe of a pressure medium Pg, the pressure of which is within is adjustable within a predetermined range.

The "/ on the" Jüsen 2J5 and 26 emergent control beams represent a bias signal that the iiinrangssignal Δ P. defines a workspace for · in relation to the non-linear Eingangsτ "usgangs control characteristics of the flow amplifier. Such Kennlinxenschar for a single amplifier is diagram of FIG. 'shown j, reflect v / o, the abscissa P "the pre span signal pressure and the ordinate represents 1 V the output pressure (pressure of the received in the flow receiver working fluid). the curves are all plotted for a single constant-amp load, and the various curves each correspond to a different mean power jet feed pressure P, all pressure values being given in pslg. The coaxial alignment of the power nozzle and the receiver is evident from the characteristic curves, since at zero bias pressure Ρ _β = O-a maximum output pressure P _{Q is obtained} in the receiver. With increasing positive or negative preload pressures, de falls As you can see, the output pressure decreases in a non-linear manner. The gain of the amplifier results from that change in the output pressure Λ P, which is a certain change in the power jet (input signal) feed pressure ΔP at a

1 0 9 8 3 £ / m 7 0

constant preload pressure P_. For a first (relatively low) preload pressure PO _1, the gain is ■ · ■ or

AP " ^{Δ S}

• Δ ol

i ^m the case of the example of Fig. p. With - a second (relatively high) savings pressure Ρ _ΏΟ , the

/ j o2

Gain to ■■ - because of the non-linearity of the characteristics. In all cases, the gain is less than 1, since the pressure P on the receiver side is always less than the power jet feed pressure P. The non-linearity of the characteristics results mainly from the spatial design and dimensioning of the amplifier, whereby the power nozzle width, the receiver width and the distance between the power nozzle and the receiver determine the maximum pressure available in the receiver for the respective power jet feed pressure. It is this non-linear design of the flow amplifier that enables it to be used as a controllable amplifier. It is assumed that each flow amplifier of the arrangement operates with weak signals to obtain a constant gain for each bias signal pressure, the operating point of the flow amplifier being determined by the bias signal pressure Pg and the mean pressure value P of the power jet feed pressure P. The pressure P _{ß of} the bias control jet can be set manually or automatically (by means of a suitable valve connected between the pressure medium source and the channels 21) according to the conditions of the flow circuit to which the arrangement belongs. The pre-strengthening of the relevant otrömungskreis can thus through

109334/0370

a certain size or a target limit value of a system parameter or can be changed in a controllable manner as a function of a certain system parameter. For example, the arrangement in a jet engine control system can be used in which the gain in part of the system by the engine load and temperature effects is affected and the arrangement as a gain equalizer acts in the sense of nullifying this special α gain sensitivity.

On both sides of the central axis of the receiver in the amplifiers 5 and 6 there are two relief channels 28, 29 and 50jJ? 1, respectively, directed towards one another. The outer ends V of these Relief channels are with a certain medium, e.g. the surrounding atmosphere or when using a liquid as Working medium with a return line to the sump of the hydraulic fluid reservoir in connection. The relief ducts relax the pressure on the recipients by removing that portion of the Power jet that does not hit the flow receiver directly

occurs, is diverted away from this into the relief channels. _{A push-pull output signal P q1} - F _Q ^ (ΔP ₀ ) which is variable in pressure difference and which represents the amplified version of the variable input signal P is thus received in the flow receivers 10 and 11. The relief channels 28 and 31 are oriented with their upstream side walls 32 and 33 so that their inner ends contain the area opposite the bias control nozzles 23 and 26 (not shown). An additional

BAD ORIGiHAL 109834/0370

Relief of pressure in this area is very desirable in order to prevent back pressure building up in this area. Instead, you can also use Gteuerdüs.en p4 and 35 opposite the nozzles 2j? and as inner finding or mouths, additional relief channels ^) G and Si in the amplifiers 5 "and 6, as shown in Fig. 1

A circuit diagram. Representation of the arrangement according to Fl ';. is ⁴ - in Fif .:. Given 2, where the various input and output ^ angsdruekslgnale and sources are denoted to those used in FIG. 1, symbols, and wherein the power jet supply pressure P in both figures is actually an average pressure P, ε

on which the variable pressure input signal AP- = P.-, - P. ρ is superimposed is. The method of operation of the arrangement will now be explained.

It is assumed that äa3. the working pressure medium constantly supplied to the arrangement has a mean pressure P on which the variable pressure ΔΡ., which represents the input signal to be amplified, is superimposed. The constant pressure bias control signal P ^ deflects the power jets relative to the central axis of the receivers in the same manner as in the conventional flow amplifiers where the power jet pressure is constant and the control jet signals are variable. The two power jets / i are thus proportionally deflected by the preload signals in the amplifiers by an amount that is determined by the relative instantaneous values of the power jet and preload pressures

1 0 9 8 3 Λ / η 3 γ ο sad original

is determined. At a given preload pressure, due to the moment exchange principle, a power jet of lower pressure is deflected more strongly from the central axis of the amplifier than a power jet of higher pressure. Consequently, the variable input signals -, and - 1 ', - cause' the power beams relative to their constant biasing or constant deflection positions ₃ . which are determined by the pressure of the leader trials Pp and the mean LcI-etungssti'-ahldruck F, are deflected. The pressure difference kin ^ angssi.rnal ?. · ■, "- Ρ · ο should presumably be so small that the arrangement works in the wax signal mode, ie the variable input signals P_. And 1 ^ in inrem -Druccwert are always at least the Faiztor Ti klc Lner than the average pressure P. WoItei 'oei vorausgesetzt-., That both formed utrömunpsverstärker identical and the Empfängei ¹ of both amplifiers in conjunction with identical and known loads (Strörnungsdrosslerri) stand so that the jiriordiiung in the symmetrical. Push-pull operation works. Unbalanced push-pull operation can be achieved, if desired, by using identical amplifiers together with unequal receiver loads, unequal bias voltages or unequal average power beam pressures, or by working with non-identical amplifiers.

An example of the variable Verstärkungseharakteristik a special push-pull embodiment of the arrangement according to Fig. 1 is shown in Fig. 4, wherein each amplifier, the input-output characteristic shown in Fig. 3 has. The characteristics

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4 were obtained with an average power jet pressure P of 9 units (1 unit = 1 psi = 0.07 kg / cm ² ). The arrangement works satisfactorily even at lower mean feed pressures, provided that the preload pressure is high compared to (but less than) P. The gain-control-Ciiai-akteristil-c for "DIE push-pull arrangement of FIG. 1 1st in Figure" for three different '/ shown orsparmdrücke. 4, the biasing pressures P _RT i P _RO and P _RV botragen 1.8, j, 0 or . 4.2 units. the abscissa and the ordinate in Fig. 4, the pressure differences in each bsw units. fraction of units up Z- -carry as indicated flan seen that in weak signal operation with a Druckbereie.h of approximately - 2.0 units of the variable 1 ion Kingang signal P .., - P. _o an adjustable gain is obtained, which changes depending on the preload _{signal pressure P ß} . 2 to 1.8 units approx for an arrangement of very 'specific construction and the specified power flow printing. For other flow / storm designs or other power jet pressures, the weak signal working range may be less than or greater than 2 units. -

The invention thus provides a new type of controllable iJflow amplifier arrangement created, which a controllable

variable gain as a function of the pressure of a bias signal that generates a beam that is in a plane with the input signal to be amplified, representing Power beam runs. Limited to a value less than 1 ?. Gain levels are obtained by means of the bias signal which defines the operating range of the input signal, the Bias signal in connection with the mean pressure of the power jet i'gnals the working point of the flow amplifier in relation on the input-output control characteristics of the disturbance amplifier certainly. The arrangement contains a single flow amplifier when only working with one-day input signals while a push-pull arrangement of two such amplifiers is used when using the more common pressure differential input signals, used in analog-type flow circuits or circuits.

The invention can be modified in various respects. For example, the control nozzles can be in any other than -90 Angles may be oriented with respect to the power jet nozzle, but they are still coplanar with it. The 90 ° arrangement of the beam intersection lines, however, results in the. maximum beam deflection.

; IAD

109834/0370

Claims (7)

Claims 1.) Two-dimensional controllable flow amplifier arrangement with at least one flow amplifier of the analog type with a Einri ei.tuns ;; :; in order to generate a pressure-variable line jet representing an input to be amplified and a downstream of it, with its central axis aligned οtrömuar; receiver for the power unris jet, geke η η ζ ο i ο ■: - η et by a tax lane accumulator, the an adjustable in its Di'uclc within a predetermined range o '.. your jet for controllably deflecting the Leistuncsstrahls in relation to the; generated 5crömuii £ sempf anger by moment exchange, wherein diesei ¹ Jteuerstrahl a bias signal for setting the operating range of Einjtan ^ ssignals in reference on the. represents non-linear input-output characteristics of the flow amplifier, with the degree of amplification of the arrangement also being a function of this bias signal and being controllably variable by changing the bias signal pressure, with the pressure of the power jet received in the flow receiver also being the output variable of the arrangement in the form of the amplified input signal, j as well as a relief device arranged between the flow receiver and the control pressure generator to relax the working medium pressure at the flow receiver and a second relief device arranged between the flow receiver and the power jet generator opposite the first discharge device BATH 10983A / 0370 Relief device for further relaxation of the working medium pressure at the flow receiver. 2.) Flow amplifier arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that a second flow amplifier of the specified type is provided such that the arrangement works in push-pull operation, the pressure difference between the Leistungsstrahl.cn 'Ifrr two amplifiers the push-pull input signal to be amplified and the pressure difference between the power beams received in the two flow receivers form the output variable of the arrangement in the form of the amplified push-pull input signal. ^.) Flow amplifier arrangement according to claim 2, characterized Marking i cn net, dail the two flow amplifiers / on are of identical training and the two control jet generators are connected to a common pressure medium source, the pressure of which is adjustable within a predetermined range, in such a way that that the two flow intensifiers with the same Vorf.'pann.-pressure work. 4.) flow amplifier arrangement according to one of claims 1 to;>, dad ur chgeke η η ζ eich η et "that the solace relief device contains two relief channels arranged on both sides of the central axis and that the second relief device one between the power jet generator and one of the channels of the first Contains relief device opposite the control jet generator arranged third relief channel. 1098 34/0370 5.) flow amplifier arrangement according to one of claims 1 Ms 3, characterized in that the power jet generator includes a flow channel, which at its one End communicates with a source of a pressure variable fluid representative of the input signal and is on its other end opens into a jet nozzle, whereby the pressure of the fluid by a mean pressure on which a variable pressure representing the input signal is superimposed is formed, this mean pressure and the leader JB signal pressure form the working point of the flow amplifier j and that the control jet generator contains a second flow channel, which is in communication at one end with a source of adjustable pressure fluid and at the other Binding opens into a control jet nozzle. 6.) Flow amplifier arrangement according to claim 5j, characterized in that the Strörnungsempf anger and the 3trömungskanals de ^r s power jet generator and the. Control jet generator are arranged in one plane and that the gain jj of the arrangement is adjustable to fourth less than 1 according to the pressure of the control jet . 7.) flow amplifier arrangement according to claim ~ p, characterized in that the flow receiver, the power jet generator and the control jet generator of the first amplifier are arranged in one plane and that the flow receiver, the power jet generator and the control jet generator of the second amplifier are arranged in one plane. 109834/0370 d.) Strornungsverstarkeranoranung according to claim 'J ₃ dad. eh net that both flow receivers, both power jet generators and both control jet generators are arranged in one plane. 109834/0370 BATH