DE1644911B2 - FUNCTIONAL LIQUIDS - Google Patents

FUNCTIONAL LIQUIDS

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Publication number
DE1644911B2
DE1644911B2 DE1967M0073997 DEM0073997A DE1644911B2 DE 1644911 B2 DE1644911 B2 DE 1644911B2 DE 1967M0073997 DE1967M0073997 DE 1967M0073997 DE M0073997 A DEM0073997 A DE M0073997A DE 1644911 B2 DE1644911 B2 DE 1644911B2
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
damage
functional
fluid
phosphate
fluids
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
DE1967M0073997
Other languages
German (de)
Other versions
DE1644911A1 (en
Inventor
John Davis Ballwin Mo. Fairing (V.StA.)
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Monsanto Co
Original Assignee
Monsanto Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Monsanto Co filed Critical Monsanto Co
Publication of DE1644911A1 publication Critical patent/DE1644911A1/en
Publication of DE1644911B2 publication Critical patent/DE1644911B2/en
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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    • C10M2229/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2229/04Siloxanes with specific structure
    • C10M2229/05Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2229/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2229/04Siloxanes with specific structure
    • C10M2229/05Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon
    • C10M2229/051Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon containing halogen
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/08Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids

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Description

— N—- N—

Y2 Sauerstoff, Schwefel und/oderY2 oxygen, sulfur and / or

—Ν——Ν—

ist, Ria, Rn, Ri5, Ri6, Ri? und Ria Alkyl, Aryl, substituiertes Aryl und/oder substituiertes Alkyl und b, c und d ganze Zahlen mit einem Wert von 0 bis 1 sind und die Summe von b, c und d 1 bis 3 ist, und einem kleineren Anteil an einer oder mehreren Monoesterverbindungen der allgemeinen Formel IIis, Ria, Rn, Ri5, Ri6, Ri? and Ria is alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl and / or substituted alkyl and b, c and d are integers with a value from 0 to 1 and the sum of b, c and d is 1 to 3, and a minor proportion of an or several monoester compounds of the general formula II

R-C-O-R1 (11)RCOR 1 (11)

worin R und Ri Alkyl, Cycloalkyl, substituiertes Alkyl, Alkenyl, substituiertes Alkenyl, Aralkyl, substituiertes Aralkyl, Aryl und/oder substituiertes Aryl sind, und einer kleineren Menge von einem oder mehreren Zusätzen auswherein R and Ri are alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, aralkyl, substituted aralkyl, aryl and / or substituted aryl, and a minor amount of one or several additives

(1) einem halogenierten Benzol, worin die Halogene Fluor, Brom und/oder Chlor sind,(1) a halogenated benzene, in which the halogens are fluorine, bromine and / or chlorine,

(2) einem halogenierten niederen, durch Alkyl substituierten Benzol, worin die Halogene Fluor, Brom und/oder Chlor sind,(2) a halogenated lower alkyl substituted benzene in which the halogens Are fluorine, bromine and / or chlorine,

(3) einem monohalogenierten Diphenyläther, worin das Halogen Brom und/oder Chlor ist,(3) a monohalogenated diphenyl ether, in which the halogen is bromine and / or chlorine,

(4) einem chlorierten Biphenyl mit etwa 21 bis 60 Gewichtsprozent gebundenem Chlor und/oder(4) a chlorinated biphenyl with about 21 to 60 percent by weight combined chlorine and / or

(5) einem polymeren Viskositätsindex-Verbesserer aus Polyalkylacrylaten, Polyalkylmethacrylaten, Polyestern, Polyurethanen und/oder Polyalkylenoxiden. (5) a polymeric viscosity index improver made from polyalkyl acrylates, polyalkyl methacrylates, Polyesters, polyurethanes and / or polyalkylene oxides.

2. Funktionelle Flüssigkeiten gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie als Monoester Äthylacetat enthalten.2. Functional liquids according to claim 1, characterized in that they are used as monoesters Contains ethyl acetate.

3. Funktionelle Flüssigkeiten gemäß einem der3. Functional fluids according to one of the

10 vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie als Phosphorverbindung Dibutylphenylphosphat oder Tributylphosphat enthalten. 10 preceding claims, characterized in that they contain dibutylphenyl phosphate or tributyl phosphate as the phosphorus compound.

4. Funktionelle Flüssigkeiten gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie als Phosphorverbindung ein Gemisch von Isooctyldiphenylphosphat und 2-Äthylhexyldiphenylphosphat enthalten.4. Functional liquids according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that they are used as Phosphorus compound a mixture of isooctyl diphenyl phosphate and 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate contain.

5. Funktionelle Flüssigkeiten gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie als Phosphorverbindung Trikresylphosphat enthalten.5. Functional liquids according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that they are used as Phosphorus compound contain tricresyl phosphate.

6. Funktionelle Flüssigkeiten gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie als Phosphorverbindung ein Gemisch von Trialkyl- und Triarylphosphaten enthalten.6. Functional fluids according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that they contain a mixture of trialkyl and triaryl phosphates as the phosphorus compound.

7. Funktionelle Flüssigkeiten gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie als Phosphorverbindung ein Gemisch von Tributylphosphat und Trikresylphosphat enthalten.7. Functional liquids according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that they are used as Phosphorus compound contain a mixture of tributyl phosphate and tricresyl phosphate.

8. Funktionelle Flüssigkeiten gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie als Phosphorverbindung ein Gemisch von Trialkyl- und Trikresylphosphaten enthalten.8. Functional fluids according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that they contain a mixture of trialkyl and tricresyl phosphates as the phosphorus compound.

30 Diese Erfindung betrifft funktionell Flüssigkeiten, welche die Fähigkeit besitzen, Beschädigungen an mechanischen Teilen, mit denen sie in Berührung kommen, zu vermeiden. Weiterhin betrifft die Erfindung funktioneile Flüssigkeiten, die eine verbesserte Abbau-Resistenz aufweisen. 30 This invention relates to functional fluids which have the ability to prevent damage to mechanical parts with which they come into contact. The invention also relates to functional fluids which have an improved resistance to degradation.

Es werden sehr unterschiedliche Materialarten als funktioneile Flüssigkeiten eingesetzt und die funktionellen Flüssigkeiten als solche in vielen unterschiedlichen Anwendungsarten verwendet. So werden solche Flüssigkeiten als elektronische Kühlmittel, Atomreaktorkühlmittel, Diffusionspumpenflüssigkeiten, Schmiermittel, Dämpfungsflüssigkeiten, Basen für Fette, Kraftübertragungs- und hydraulische Flüssigkeiten, Wärmeübertragungsflüssigkeiten, Wärmepumpenflüssigkeiten, Flüssigkeiten für Kühlvorrichtungen und als Luftfiltermedien für Klimaanlagen verwendet. Bei vielen dieser Verwendungsarten treten während der Verwendung Schäden an der Flüssigkeit und an mechanischen Teilen, besonders an den Metallteilen auf, die mit der Flüssigkeit in Berührung gelangen, wie dies aus dem Gewichtsverlust derartiger Teile zu ersehen ist. Solche Schäden sind bei hydraulischen Systemen von Flugzeugen, Gasturbinenlagern, Steuerungssystemen von Strahltriebwerken, Dampfturbinenlagern und Steuerungssystemen von Dampfturbinen bekannt. Ebenso wurden auch Schäden bei Materialien wie Glas, Teflon, Mylar, Plexiglas und anderen Teilen, die aus Materialien ohne Verwendung von Metall hergestellt sind, beobachtet. Very different types of material are used as functional fluids and the functional ones Liquids used as such in many different applications. This is how such liquids become as electronic coolants, nuclear reactor coolants, diffusion pump fluids, lubricants, Damping fluids, bases for greases, power transmission and hydraulic fluids, heat transfer fluids, Heat pump fluids, fluids for cooling devices and as air filter media used for air conditioners. Many of these types of uses occur during use Damage to the fluid and mechanical parts, especially the metal parts that come with the Come into contact with liquid, as can be seen from the weight loss of such parts. Such Damage is in the hydraulic systems of aircraft, gas turbine bearings, control systems of Jet engines, steam turbine bearings and control systems of steam turbines are known. as well There has also been damage to materials such as glass, teflon, mylar, plexiglass and other parts made from materials are made without the use of metal.

Eine besonders unerwünschte Erscheinung, die während der Verwendung einer funktionellen Flüssigkeit auftritt und Schaden verursachen kann, ist die sogenannte Kavitation. Darunter versteht man die Hohlraumbildung durch Entgasung oder Dampfbildung in strömenden Flüssigkeiten infolge Absinken des Druckes. Durch die Kavitation erfolgt eine Erosion, d. h.A particularly undesirable phenomenon that occurs during the use of a functional fluid occurs and can cause damage is what is known as cavitation. By that one understands the Cavitation through degassing or vapor formation in flowing liquids as a result of the sinking of the Pressure. The cavitation causes erosion, i. H.

eine Zerstörung der Oberfläche des mit der Flüssigkeit in Berührung stehenden Werkstoffes durch Hohlraumbildung (Bildung von an der Werkstoffoberfläche haftenden Blasen) in Flüssigkeiten mit hohen Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten und Drucken. Dies wirkt sich in einer lokalen Aushöhlung der Oberfläche aus, wobei Kristalle oder Kristallite aus dieser herausgebrochen werden. Die zur Bewirkung einer Kavitation ausreichende Druckveränderung kann auf verschiedenem Wege erfolgen. Beispielsweise kann bei einer Flüssigkeit, die durch eine Verengung, wie z. B. durch ein teilweise geschlossenes Ventil, fließt, Blasenbildung erfolgen, und es können durch das plötzliche und heftige Zusammenbrechen der Blasen Stoßwellen erzeugt werden, die stark genug sein können, Schaden an mechanischen Teilen hervorzurufen. Kavitationsbedingungen können auch auftreten, wenn eine Oberfläche durch eine relativ stagnierende Flüssigkeit bewegt oder vibriert wird.destruction of the surface of the material in contact with the liquid through the formation of cavities (Formation of bubbles adhering to the material surface) in liquids with high flow velocities and printing. This results in a local hollowing of the surface, whereby Crystals or crystallites are broken out of this. Sufficient to cause cavitation Changes in pressure can take place in different ways. For example, in the case of a liquid, by a constriction, such as. B. through a partially closed valve, flows, bubble formation The sudden and violent collapse of the bubbles can create shock waves that can be strong enough to cause damage to mechanical parts. Cavitation conditions can also occur when a surface moves or through a relatively stagnant liquid is vibrated.

Obwohl vielfältige unerwünschte Schadensfolgen verursacht werden können, ist die Wirkung bei hydraulischen Systemen und Flüssigkeiten, die derartige Schaden erleiden, besonders unangenehm und nachteilig. So werden beispielsweise die mechanischen Konstruktionsteile in einem hydraulischen System, wie Pumpen und Ventile, in ihren Festigkeitseigenschaften und den geometrischen Ausmaßen der einzelnen Teile nachteilig verändert. Solche Veränderungen verursachen im Falle von Pumpen ein Absinken der Pumpenleistung und bei Ventilen führen sie zu Undichtigkeiten. Im Endergebnis macht ein derartiger Schaden eine frühzeitige Überholung der mechanischen Teile notwendig, was sowohl teuer als auch zeitraubend ist. Zusätzlich wird in dem Ausmaß, in welchem der Schaden auftritt, bzw. sich vergrößert, die funktioneile Flüssigkeit durch das Metall der mechanischen Teile, mit denen sie in Berührung steht, verschmutzt, wodurch unter Umständen ein vorzeitiger Austausch der Flüssigkeiten in dem System erforderlich ist. Außerdem ist gewöhnlich eine starke Verschmutzung der Filter zu beobachten, die häufig gesäubert und/oder ausgewechselt werden müssen. Weiterhin kann diese Verschmutzung eine Änderung der physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften der funktionellen Flüssigkeiten verursachen. Ebenso können die Metallverunreinigungen auch die oxidative Stabilität einer Flüssigkeit verringern und dadurch nachteilig auf das Flüssigkeitsverhalten einwirken. Zusätzlich zu den vielen Wirkungen, die das Ergebnis einer Verunreinigung durch Metall (oder andere Stoffe) sind, zeigt sich ein solcher Schaden an der Flüssigkeit selbst, und zwar in verschiedener Weise, nämlich unter anderem in einerAlthough it can cause a variety of undesirable consequences, the effect is at hydraulic systems and fluids that suffer such damage are particularly uncomfortable and detrimental. For example, the mechanical construction parts in a hydraulic system, such as Pumps and valves, in their strength properties and the geometric dimensions of the individual parts adversely changed. In the case of pumps, such changes cause the Pump performance and, in the case of valves, they lead to leaks. In the end it makes one such Damage requires early overhaul of mechanical parts, which is both expensive and time consuming is. In addition, to the extent that the damage occurs or increases, the functional Fluid contaminated by the metal of the mechanical parts with which it is in contact, causing premature replacement of the fluids in the system may be necessary. aside from that the filters are usually very dirty and have to be cleaned and / or replaced frequently Need to become. Furthermore, this pollution can have a physical and chemical change Create properties of functional fluids. Likewise, the metal contaminants can also reduce the oxidative stability of a liquid and thereby have a detrimental effect on the behavior of the liquid. In addition to the many effects that result from metal (or other substances), such damage is manifested in the liquid itself, and in different ways, namely among other things in one

(a) Änderung der Viskosität,(a) change in viscosity,

(b) Zunahme der Säurezahl,(b) increase in acid number,

(c) Bildung von unlöslichen Materialien,(c) formation of insoluble materials,

(d) erhöhter chemischer Reaktionsfähigkeit, und(d) increased chemical reactivity, and

(e) Verfärbung.(e) discoloration.

Funktionelle Flüssigkeiten, welche diese Nachteile nicht aufweisen, waren bisher unbekannt.Functional fluids that do not have these disadvantages were previously unknown.

Es war daher die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, funktionell Flüssigkeiten mit der Fähigkeit zur Schadensinhibierung und -kontrolle zu schaffen, wobei die gewünschten Eigenschaften der funktionellen Flüssigkeit erhalten bleiben sollen.It was therefore the object of the present invention to functionally fluids with the ability to create damage inhibition and control, with the desired properties of functional Should be kept liquid.

Diese Aufgabe wurde nun durch funktionell Flüssigkeiten gelöst, bestehend aus einem größeren Anteil an einer oder mehreren Phosphorverbindungen der allgemeinen Formel IThis task has now been solved by functionally fluids, consisting of a larger one Proportion of one or more phosphorus compounds of the general formula I.

ItIt

R13-Oa- P—(Yi)„—Ru (I)R 13 -Oa- P- (Yi) "- Ru (I)

(Y2),(Y 2 ),

worin Y Sauerstoff, Schwefel und/oderwherein Y is oxygen, sulfur and / or

Rl6 Rl 6

—N—
Yi Sauerstoff, Schwefel und/oder
—N—
Yi oxygen, sulfur and / or

Ri 7Ri 7

—N—
Y2 Sauerstoff, Schwefel und/oder
—N—
Y2 oxygen, sulfur and / or

RiaRia

—N——N—

ist, Ri3, Rh, Ris, R16, R17 und R18 Alkyl, Aryl, substituiertes Aryl und/oder substituiertes Alkyl und b, c und d ganze Zahlen mit einem Wert von 0 bis 1 sind und die Summe von b, cund d 1 bis 3 ist, und einem kleineren Anteil an einer oder mehreren Monoesterverbindungen der allgemeinen Formel IIis, Ri3, Rh, Ris, R16, R17 and R18 alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl and / or substituted alkyl and b, c and d are integers with a value from 0 to 1 and the sum of b, c and d is 1 to 3, and a smaller proportion of one or more monoester compounds of the general formula II

IlIl

R-C-O-R1 RCOR 1

worin R und Ri Alkyl, Cycloalkyl, substituiertes Alkyl, Alkenyl, substituiertes Alkenyl, Aralkyl, substituiertes Aralkyl, Aryl und/oder substituiertes Aryl sind, und einer kleineren Menge von einem oder mehreren Zusätzen auswhere R and Ri are alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted alkyl, Alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, aralkyl, substituted aralkyl, aryl and / or substituted aryl, and a smaller amount of one or more additives

(1) einem halogenierten Benzol, worin die Halogene Fluor, Brom und/oder Chlor sind,(1) a halogenated benzene, in which the halogens are fluorine, bromine and / or chlorine,

(2) einem halogenierten niederen, durch Alkyl substituierten Benzol, worin die Halogene Fluor, Brom und/oder Chlor sind,(2) a halogenated lower alkyl substituted one Benzene, in which the halogens are fluorine, bromine and / or chlorine,

(3) einem monohalogenierten Diphenyläther, worin das Halogen Brom und/oder Chlor ist,(3) a monohalogenated diphenyl ether, in which the halogen is bromine and / or chlorine,

(4) einem chlorierten Biphenyl mit etwa 21 bis 60 Gewichtsprozent gebundenem Chlor und/oder(4) a chlorinated biphenyl with about 21 to 60 percent by weight combined chlorine and / or

(5) einem polymeren Viskositätsindex-Verbesserer aus Polyalkylacrylaten, Polyalkylmethacrylaten, Polyestern, Polyurethanen und/oder Polyalkylenoxide^(5) a polymeric viscosity index improver made from polyalkyl acrylates, polyalkyl methacrylates, polyesters, Polyurethanes and / or polyalkylene oxides ^

Eine bevorzugte funktioneile Flüssigkeit enthält alsA preferred functional fluid contains as

Monoester Äthylacetat
Es wird ferner bevorzugt, daß die funktionell
Monoester ethyl acetate
It is also preferred that the functional

Flüssigkeit als Phosphorverbindung Dibutylphenylphosphat oder Tributylphosphat enthält.
Vorteilhafterweise enthalten erfindungsgemäße funktionelle Flüssigkeiten als Phosphorverbindung ein
Liquid contains dibutylphenyl phosphate or tributyl phosphate as a phosphorus compound.
Functional fluids according to the invention advantageously contain a phosphorus compound

Gemisch von Isooctyldiphenylphosphat und 2-Äthylhexyldiphenylphosphat. Mixture of isooctyl diphenyl phosphate and 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate.

Weiterhin wird es bevorzugt, daß die funktioneilen Flüssigkeiten gemäß Erfindung als Phosphorverbindung Trikresylphosphat enthalten.Furthermore, it is preferred that the functional fluids according to the invention as a phosphorus compound Contain tricresyl phosphate.

Es ist ferner von besonderem Vorteil, wenn die funktionellen Flüssigkeiten als Phosphorverbindung ein Gemisch von Trialkyl- und Triarylphosphaten enthalten.It is also of particular advantage if the functional fluids are a phosphorus compound Contains a mixture of trialkyl and triaryl phosphates.

Es wurde ferner festgestellt, daß man funktioneile Flüssigkeiten mit besonders guten Eigenschaften erhält, wenn sie als Phosphorverbindung ein Gemisch von Tributylphosphat und Trikresylphosphat enthalten. toIt was also found that functional fluids with particularly good properties are obtained, if they contain a mixture of tributyl phosphate and tricresyl phosphate as phosphorus compound. to

Schließlich wird es bevorzugt, daß die funktionellen Flüssigkeiten als Phosphorverbindung ein Gemisch von Trialkyl- und Trikresylphosphaten enthalten.Finally, it is preferred that the functional fluids as a phosphorus compound is a mixture of Contain trialkyl and tricresyl phosphates.

Es ist bemerkenswert, daß insbesondere der Zusatz einer oder mehrerer Monoesterverbindungen zu den oben beschriebenen Phosphorverbindungen, die nachstehend auch als Basismaterial oder Phosphatbasismaterial bezeichnet werden, eine funktionell Flüssigkeit schafft, die die Fähigkeit aufweist, Schaden zu inhibieren und zu kontrollieren, ohne sich nachteilig auf die anderen Eigenschaften solcher Flüssigkeiten, wie Viskosität, oxidative und thermische Stabilität, Flammpunkt, Brenn- bzw. Entflammungspunkt, autogene Entzündungstemperatur, Korrosionsresistenz in Gegenwart von Metallteilen und Schmiereigenschaften der funktionellen Flüssigkeit auszuwirken. Insbesondere wurde festgestellt, daß die Viskosität des Basismaterials durch den Zusatz eines Additivs nicht wesentlich geändert werden sollte, weil eine wesentliche Abnahme der Viskosität eine Zunahme der Schädigung der Flüssigkeit, bzw. der mechanischen Teile, die mit der Flüssigkeit in Berührung gelangen, verursachen kann. Es> wurde gefunden, daß bei einer durch das zugesetzte Additiv bewirkten Erhöhung der Viskosität sich im allgemeinen eine leichte Verringerung der tatsächlichen Schädigung, die durch eine funktionelle Flüssigkeit verursacht werden kann, ergibt. Daher wird es gewöhnlich vorgezogen, das Additiv dem Basismaterial in einer solchen Konzentration zuzusetzen, daß diese keine nachteilige Wirkung auf die Abnahme der Viskosität des Basismaterials zur Folge hat.It is noteworthy that in particular the addition of one or more monoester compounds to the Phosphorus compounds described above, hereinafter also referred to as base material or phosphate base material creates a functional fluid that has the ability to inhibit damage and control without adversely affecting the other properties of such liquids as Viscosity, oxidative and thermal stability, flash point, fire or ignition point, autogenous Ignition temperature, corrosion resistance in the presence of metal parts and lubricating properties of the functional fluid. In particular, it was found that the viscosity of the base material should not be significantly changed by the addition of an additive, because a substantial decrease the viscosity an increase in the damage to the liquid, or the mechanical parts, which with the Contact with liquid. It> has been found that with one by the clogged Additive increases in viscosity generally caused a slight decrease in the actual viscosity Damage that can be caused by a functional fluid results. Hence it will usually preferred to add the additive to the base material in such a concentration that this has no adverse effect on the decrease in the viscosity of the base material.

Die Konzentration einer Esterverbindung in der funktionellen Flüssigkeit hängt von dem besonderen System und der besonderen, verwendeten funktionellen Flüssigkeit ab, und soll eine zur Schadensinhibierung und -kontrolle ausreichende Menge sein. Es wurde gefunden, daß das additive Ansprechen sich bei einem besonderen Basismaterial, das heißt die Konzentration einer Esterverbindung, die ausreichend ist, Schaden zu inhibieren und zu kontrollieren, mit dem besonderen so Basismaterial ändert. Je nachdem, ob das Phosphatba sismaterial ein Trialkylphosphat, Triarylphosphat, gemischtes Alkylarylphosphat oder ein Gemisch der obigen Phosphatbasismaterialien ist, wird sich unter Umständen die Menge der zuzusetzenden Monoesterverbindungen ändern. Daher liegt bei Estern einer Phosphorsäure, die zur Schadensinhibierung und -kontrolle ausreichende Konzentration einer Esterverbindung im Bereich von ungefähr 0,30 Volumprozent bis ungefähr 15 Volumprozent, wobei die besondere Konzentration diejenige Menge ist, die in wirksamer Weise Schaden inhibieren und kontrollieren kann. Da eine Esterverbindung dem Basismaterial in den Mengen zugesetzt wird, die zur Schadensinhibierung ausreichend sind, wobei die Fließeigenschaften durch den Zusatz eines Fremdbestandteils geändert werden können, wurde im allgemeinen gefunden, daß die bevorzugten Additivkonzentrationen einer Esterverbindung für Phosphatbasismaterialien im Bereich von ungefähr 0,5 Volumprozent bis ungefähr 9,0 Volumprozent liegen, obgleich eine 15vo!umprozentige Additivkonzentration wirksam ist und in den Erfindungsbereich eingeschlossen wird. Es ist von besonderer Wichtigkeit, daß das Additiv dem Phosphatbasismaterial nur in einer Konzentration zugegeben wird, die zur Schadensinhibierung und -kontrolle ausreicht und welche die anderen Flüssigkeitseigenschaften nicht nachteilig beeinträchtigt, wie z. B. durch Erniedrigung der Flamm- und Entzündungspunkte und der Viskosität. Bei Amiden einer Phosphorsäure liegt die zur Schadenskontrolle und -inhibierung ausreichende Konzentration einer Esterverbindung im Bereich von ungefähr 0,15 Volumprozent bis ungefähr 15 Volumprozent, wobei die besondere Konzentration eine solche Menge ist, die in wirksamer Weise Schaden inhibiert und kontrolliert. Die bevorzugte Additivkonzentration liegt im Bereich von ungefähr 0,50 Volumprozent bis ungefähr 12 Volumprozent einer Esterverbindung, obgleich 0,08 Volumprozent bis ungefähr 15 Volumprozent als zur Schadensinhibierung und -kontrolle zufriedenstellend und wirksam gefunden wurden.The concentration of an ester compound in the functional fluid depends on the particular System and the particular functional fluid used, and is said to be one for damage inhibition and control must be sufficient. It has been found that additive responses decrease in one particular base material, that is, the concentration of an ester compound that is sufficient to cause damage inhibit and control, with the special so Base material changes. Depending on whether the phosphate base material is a trialkyl phosphate, triaryl phosphate, mixed Alkylaryl phosphate or a mixture of the above phosphate base stocks is referred to below Change the amount of monoester compounds to be added. Therefore, with esters there is one Phosphoric acid, the concentration of an ester compound sufficient to inhibit and control damage ranging from about 0.30 percent by volume to about 15 percent by volume, the particular Concentration is that amount which can effectively inhibit and control damage. There an ester compound is added to the base material in amounts sufficient to inhibit damage the flow properties are changed by the addition of a foreign component In general, it has been found that the preferred additive levels of an ester compound for phosphate base stocks in the range of about 0.5 volume percent to about 9.0 volume percent are, although a 15 percent additive concentration is effective and within the scope of the invention is included. It is of particular importance that the additive to the phosphate base material only in one Concentration is added that is sufficient to inhibit and control damage and what the others Fluid properties are not adversely affected, e.g. B. by lowering the flame and Inflammation points and viscosity. In the case of amides of a phosphoric acid, it is used to control damage and inhibiting sufficient concentration of an ester compound in the range of about 0.15 percent by volume to about 15 percent by volume, the particular concentration being such an amount as in effectively inhibits and controls damage. The preferred additive concentration is in the range from about 0.50 volume percent to about 12 volume percent of an ester compound, although 0.08 Volume percent to about 15 volume percent as satisfactory for damage inhibition and control and found effective.

Es werden daher in den Erfindungsbereich eingeschlossen funktionelle Flüssigkeiten mit einer schadensinhibierenden Menge einer Esterverbindung. Das heißt, daß diesen funktionellen Flüssigkeiten eine Esterverbindung in einer Konzentration zugesetzt wird, die zur Schadenskontrolle und -inhibierung ausreichend ist. Die erfindungsgemäßen funktionellen Flüssigkeiten können nach einer Technik hergestellt werden, wie sie für den Zusatz eines Additivs in ein Basismaterial bekannt ist, wie beispielsweise durch Zugeben einer Esterverbindung zu dem Basismaterial unter Rühren, bis eine homogene Flüssigkeitszubereitung erhalten wird.The scope of the invention therefore includes functional fluids with a damage-inhibiting effect Amount of an ester compound. That is, these functional fluids have an ester compound is added at a concentration sufficient to control and inhibit damage. the Functional fluids according to the invention can be prepared by a technique such as that used for the Adding an additive to a base material is known, such as by adding an ester compound to the base material with stirring until a homogeneous liquid preparation is obtained.

Typische Beispiele von Monoesterverbindungen sindTypical examples of monoester compounds are

Methylformiat, Äthylformiat, Methylacetat,
Äthylacetat, n-Propylacetat. n-Butylacetat,
n-Amylacetat, Isobutylacetat. tert-Butylacetat,
Isoamylacetat, n-Octylacetat, Methylpropionat,
Äthylpropionat, Methyl-n-butyrat, Äthyl-n-butyrat, lsoamyl-n-butyrat, Methyl-n-valerat,
Äthyl-n-valeraLMethylisovalerat,
Isoamylisovalerat.Äthyl-n-heptylat,
Äthylpelargonat, Methylbenzoat, Butylbenzoat,
Decylbenzoat, Stearylbenzoat, Benzylacetat,
Benzylpropionat, Benzylvalerat und
Benzylpelargonat.
Methyl formate, ethyl formate, methyl acetate,
Ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate. n-butyl acetate,
n-amyl acetate, isobutyl acetate. tert-butyl acetate,
Isoamyl acetate, n-octyl acetate, methyl propionate,
Ethyl propionate, methyl n-butyrate, ethyl n-butyrate, isoamyl n-butyrate, methyl n-valerate,
Ethyl n-valeraL methyl isovalerate,
Isoamyl isovalerate, ethyl n-heptylate,
Ethyl pelargonate, methyl benzoate, butyl benzoate,
Decyl benzoate, stearyl benzoate, benzyl acetate,
Benzyl propionate, benzyl valerate and
Benzyl pelargonate.

Typische Beispiele für die in der oben für die Phosphatbasismaterialien, wie Ester- und Amidderivate von Phosphorsäuren angegebenen allgemeinen Formel 1 enthaltenen Alkylreste sind:Typical examples of those in the above for the phosphate base materials, such as ester and amide derivatives Alkyl radicals contained in the general formula 1 given by phosphoric acids are:

Methyl, Äthyl, n-Propyl, Isopropyl, n-Butyl,
Isobutyl, sek.-Butyl, tert-Butyl, n-Amyl, Isoamyl,
2-Methylbutyl, 2,2-Dimethylpropyl, 1-Methylbutyl, Diäthylmethyl, 1,2-DimethyIpropyl, tert-Amyl,
n-Hexyl, 1-Methylamyl, 1-Äthylbutyl,
1,2,2-Trimethylpropyl, 3,3-Dimethylbutyl,
1,1,2-Trimethylpropyj, 2-Methylamyl,
1,1 -Dimethylbutyl, 1 -Äthyl-2-methylpropyl,
1,3-Dimethylbutyl, Isohexyl, 3-Methylamyl,
1,2-Dimethylbutyl, 1-Methyl-1-äthylpropyl,
2-Äthylbutyl, n-Heptyl, 1,1,2,3-Tetramethylpropyl, 12-Dimethyl-1 -äthylpropyl, 1,1,2-Trimethylbutyl, 1 -Jsopropyl-2-methylpropyl, 1 -Methyl-2-äthylbutyl,
Methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl,
Isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-amyl, isoamyl,
2-methylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-methylbutyl, diethylmethyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, tert-amyl,
n-hexyl, 1-methylamyl, 1-ethylbutyl,
1,2,2-trimethylpropyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl,
1,1,2-trimethylpropyj, 2-methylamyl,
1,1-dimethylbutyl, 1-ethyl-2-methylpropyl,
1,3-dimethylbutyl, isohexyl, 3-methylamyl,
1,2-dimethylbutyl, 1-methyl-1-ethylpropyl,
2-ethylbutyl, n-heptyl, 1,1,2,3-tetramethylpropyl, 12-dimethyl-1-ethylpropyl, 1,1,2-trimethylbutyl, 1-isopropyl-2-methylpropyl, 1-methyl-2-ethylbutyl,

1,1-Diäthylpropyl, 2-Methylhexyl, 1,1 -Dimethylamyl, 1 -lsopropylbutyl, 1 -Äthyl-3-methylbutyl, 1,4-DimethyIamyl, Isoheptyl, 1 -Methyl-1 -äthylbutyl,1,1-diethylpropyl, 2-methylhexyl, 1,1-dimethylamyl, 1-isopropylbutyl, 1-ethyl-3-methylbutyl, 1,4-dimethylamyl, Isoheptyl, 1-methyl-1-ethylbutyl,

1-Äthyl-2-methylbutyl, 1-Methylhexyl, 1 -Propylbutyl, n-Octyl, 1 -Methylheptyl, 1,1 -Diäthyl-2-methylpropyl, 1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl, 1,1 -Diäthylbutyl, 1,1- Dirne thylhexyl, 1 -Methyl-1 -äthylamyl,1-ethyl-2-methylbutyl, 1-methylhexyl, 1-propylbutyl, n-octyl, 1 -methylheptyl, 1,1 -diethyl-2-methylpropyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl, 1,1-diethylbutyl, 1,1-whore thylhexyl, 1-methyl-1-ethylamyl,

1 -Methyl-1 -propylbutyl, 2-Äthylhexyl, ι ο1 -Methyl-1-propylbutyl, 2-ethylhexyl, ι ο

6-Methylheptyl (lsooctyl), n-Nonyl, 1-Methyloxtyl,6-methylheptyl (isooctyl), n-nonyl, 1-methyloxtyl,

1 -Äthylheptyl, 1,1 -Dimethylheptyl,1 -ethylheptyl, 1,1 -dimethylheptyl,

I -Äthyl-1 -propylbutyl, 1,1 -Diäthyl-3-methylbutyl, Diisobutylmethyl, 3,5,5-Trimethylhexyl, 3,5-Dimethylheptyl, n-Decyl, 1 -Propylheptyl, 1,1 -Diäthylhexyl, 1,1 -Dipropylbutyl, 2-lsopropyl-5-methylhexyl und Alkylgruppen mitI -ethyl-1-propylbutyl, 1,1 -diethyl-3-methylbutyl, Diisobutylmethyl, 3,5,5-trimethylhexyl, 3,5-dimethylheptyl, n-decyl, 1-propylheptyl, 1,1-diethylhexyl, 1,1-dipropylbutyl, 2-isopropyl-5-methylhexyl and alkyl groups with

I1 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen.I1 to 18 carbon atoms.

Typische Beispiele substituierter Alkylreste sind die Halogenalkylreste der allgemeinen FormelTypical examples of substituted alkyl radicals are the haloalkyl radicals of the general formula

R10 R 10

,,, + ,-,,,H111C(HaI)2C-,,, +, - ,,, H 111 C (HaI) 2 C-

R20R20

worin Hal ein Halogenatom, m weniger oder gleich dem Wert von 2n-t-1 und η einen Wert von 0 bis 18 haben kann und R19 und R20 Wasserstoff, Halogen oder Alkylreste sein können. Bevorzugte Reste sind solche, worin Hai Fluor ist, die durch die nachfolgenden Formeln dargestellt werden:where Hal can be a halogen atom, m can be less than or equal to the value of 2n-t-1 and η can have a value from 0 to 18 and R19 and R20 can be hydrogen, halogen or alkyl radicals. Preferred radicals are those in which Hai is fluorine, which are represented by the following formulas:

R-19R-19

CF3C-CF 3 C-

3 °

3535

CF3CF2C-CF 3 CF 2 C-

R20R20

R19 R 19

CF3CF2C-CF 3 CF 2 C-

4040

4545

CF3(CF2J2C-CF 3 (CF 2 J 2 C-

■20■ 20

■19■ 19

CF3(CF2J3C-CF 3 (CF 2 J 3 C-

5555

6060

■20■ 20

CF3(CF2J4C-CF 3 (CF 2 J 4 C-

'20'20

R1,R 1 ,

CF3(CF2J5C-R20 CF 3 (CF 2 J 5 C-R20

Rl9Rl9

CF3(CF2J11C-CF 3 (CF 2 J 11 C-

•20• 20th

CF3(C2H5)C-CF 3 (C 2 H 5 ) C-

R-19 CF3(C3H7)C-R-19 CF 3 (C 3 H 7 ) C-

Rl9Rl9

CF3(C4H9)C-CF 3 (C 4 H 9 ) C-

M9M9

CF3(C5H11)C-CF 3 (C 5 H 11 ) C-

Rl9Rl9

CF3(QH13)C-CF 3 (QH 13 ) C-

R)9R) 9

CF3(C7H15)C-CF 3 (C 7 H 15 ) C-

R-19R-19

CF3(C8H17)C-CF 3 (C 8 H 17 ) C-

Rl9 CF3CF2(C2H5)C-R19 CF 3 CF 2 (C 2 H 5 ) C-

Rl9 CF3CF2(C3H7)C-R19 CF 3 CF 2 (C 3 H 7 ) C-

R-19R-19

CF3CF2(C4H9)C-CF 3 CF 2 (C 4 H 9 ) C-

Rl9 CF3CF2(C5H11)C-R19 CF 3 CF 2 (C 5 H 11 ) C-

R-19 CF3CF2(QH13)C-R-19 CF 3 CF 2 (QH 13 ) C-

R-19R-19

CF3(QH15)C-CF 3 (QH 15 ) C-

Rl9Rl9

CF3CF2(QH17)C-CF 3 CF 2 (QH 17 ) C-

1010

R19 R19 R 19 R 19

I iI i

CF3(CF2J2(C2H5)C- CF3(CF2U(CjH11 )C-CF 3 (CF 2 J 2 (C 2 H 5 ) C- CF 3 (CF 2 U (CjH 11 ) C-

CF3(CF2)2(C3H7)C— CF3(CF2MQH13C-CF 3 (CF 2 ) 2 (C 3 H 7 ) C— CF 3 (CF 2 MQH 13 C-

R19 R1,,R 19 R 1 ,,

CF3(CF2MC4H9JC- l0 CF3(CF2MCH15)C-CF 3 (CF 2 MC 4 H 9 JC- l0 CF 3 (CF 2 MCH 15 ) C-

R19 R, yR 19 R, y

CF3(CF2J2(C5H11)C- I5 CF3(CF2MQH17)C-CF 3 (CF 2 J 2 (C 5 H 11 ) C- I5 CF 3 (CF 2 MQH 17 ) C-

R19 R19 R 19 R 19

CF3(CF2J2(C0H13)C- CF3(CF2MQH5)C-CF 3 (CF 2 J 2 (C 0 H 13 ) C- CF 3 (CF 2 MQH 5 ) C-

2020th

R19 R19 R 19 R 19

CF3(CF2J2(C7H15)C- CF3(CF2)S(C3R1)C-CF 3 (CF 2 J 2 (C 7 H 15 ) C- CF 3 (CF 2 ) S (C 3 R 1 ) C-

R)9 25 R19 R ) 9 25 R 19

CF3(CF2J2(QH17)C- CF3(CF2J5(C4H9)C-CF 3 (CF 2 J 2 (QH 17 ) C- CF 3 (CF 2 J 5 (C 4 H 9 ) C-

R19 R19 R 19 R 19

CF3(CF2J3(QH5)C- 3° CF3(CF2MQH11)C-CF 3 (CF 2 J 3 (QH 5 ) C- 3 ° CF 3 (CF 2 MQH 11 ) C-

RnMarg

19 K1919 K 19

CF3(CF2I3(QH7JC- 35 CF3(CF2J5(QH13)C-CF 3 (CF 2 I 3 (QH 7 JC- 35 CF 3 (CF 2 J 5 (QH 13 ) C-

R19 R19 R 19 R 19

CF3(CF2MC4H9)C- CF3(CF2MQH15)C-CF 3 (CF 2 MC 4 H 9 ) C- CF 3 (CF 2 MQH 15 ) C-

4040

R19 R19 R 19 R 19

CF3(CF2MQH11)C- CF3(CF2MQHn)C-CF 3 (CF 2 MQH 11 ) C- CF 3 (CF 2 MQH n ) C-

R19 45 CF3C(QH7J2-R 19 45 CF 3 C (QH 7 J 2 -

CF3(CF2J3(QH13)C- CF3QQH9V-CF 3 (CF 2 J 3 (QH 13 ) C- CF 3 QQH 9 V-

f19 5o CF3C(CH3J2-f 19 5 o CF 3 C (CH 3 J 2 -

CF3(CF2J3(C7H15C-CF 3 (CF 2 J 3 (C 7 H 15 C-

CF3C(C2H5J2-R19 CF 3 C (C 2 H 5 J 2 -R 19

CF3(CF2J3(QH17)C— 55 worin R19 und R20 die oben angegebene BedeutungCF 3 (CF 2 J 3 (QH 17 ) C- 55 in which R19 and R20 have the meanings given above

besitzen.own.

R19 Die halogenierten Alkylreste können primär, sekun-R 19 The halogenated alkyl radicals can be primary, secondary

I dar oder tertiär sein.I represent or be tertiary.

CF3(CF2MC2H5)C— Andere geeignete, Fluor enthaltende Reste sindCF 3 (CF 2 MC 2 H 5 ) C- are other suitable fluorine-containing radicals

60 fluorierte Alkoxyalkylreste, besonders solche der _ nachfolgenden Formeln:60 fluorinated alkoxyalkyl radicals, especially those of _ the following formulas:

CF3(CF2MC3H7)C- R19 CF 3 (CF 2 MC 3 H 7 ) C-R 19

R19 65 QH5OCH2CF2CF2C-R 19 65 QH 5 OCH 2 CF 2 CF 2 C-

CF3(CF2MC4H9)C- R20 CF 3 (CF 2 MC 4 H 9 ) C-R 20

R1,R 1 ,

Q^OCH2CF2CF2C-Q ^ OCH 2 CF 2 CF 2 C-

C4H9OCH2CF2CF2C-C 4 H 9 OCH 2 CF 2 CF 2 C-

Rl9Rl9

C4H9OCH(CF2)4C—C 4 H 9 OCH (CF 2 ) 4 C—

R20
Ri 9
R20
Ri 9

QHnOCH2(CF2)4C—QH n OCH 2 (CF 2 ) 4 C—

■20■ 20

C5H11OCH2CF2CF2C-C 5 H 11 OCH 2 CF 2 CF 2 C-

C6H13OCH2(CF2)4C-C 6 H 13 OCH 2 (CF 2 ) 4 C-

■20■ 20

QH13OCH2CF2CF2C-QH 13 OCH 2 CF 2 CF 2 C-

C2H5OCH2CF2CF2CF2C-C 2 H 5 OCH 2 CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 C-

R20R20

Rl9Rl9

QH7OCH2CF2CF2CF2C-QH 7 OCH 2 CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 C-

R20 R-19R20 R-19

C4H9OCH2CF2CF2CF2C-R20 C 4 H 9 OCH 2 CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 C-R20

Rl9Rl9

C5H11OCH2CF2CF2CF2C-R20 worin R19 und R20 die oben angegebene Bedeutung besitzen.C 5 H 11 OCH 2 CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 C-R20 in which R19 and R20 have the meanings given above.

Es liegt ebenso im Bereich dieser Erfindung, daß der Wasserstoff und idas Fluor in den vorstehend beschriebenen Halogenalkylresten durch andere Halogene, wie Chlor oder Brom, ersetzt werden können.It is also within the scope of this invention that the hydrogen and i the fluorine in those described above Haloalkyl radicals can be replaced by other halogens, such as chlorine or bromine.

Typische Beispiele von Aryl und substituierten Arylresten sind Phenyl, Kresyl, Xylyl, halogeniertes Phenyl, Kresyl und Xylyl, in welchen der verfügbare Wasserstoff an dem Aryl oder dem substituierten Aryl teilweise oder vollständig durch ein Halogen ersetzt ist, o-, m- und p-2;2,2-Trifluoräthylphenyl, o-, m- und p-3,3,3-Trifluorpropylphenyl und o-, m- und p-4,4,4-Trifluorbutylphenyl, o-, m- und p-Trifluormethylphenyl.Typical examples of aryl and substituted aryl radicals are phenyl, cresyl, xylyl, halogenated Phenyl, cresyl and xylyl in which the available hydrogen is on the aryl or substituted aryl is partially or completely replaced by a halogen, o-, m- and p-2; 2,2-trifluoroethylphenyl, o-, m- and p-3,3,3-trifluoropropylphenyl and o-, m- and p-4,4,4-trifluorobutylphenyl, o-, m- and p-trifluoromethylphenyl.

Die Erfindung kann besser durch die nachfolgenden, nicht einschränkenden Beispiele gewürdigt werden, die auch die Fortschrittlichkeit der erfindungsgemäßen funktionellen Flüssigkeiten eindrucksvoll unter Beweis stellen. In den Beispielen 1 bis 10 wurden Nickelproben in die zu untersuchenden funktionellen Flüssigkeiten eingetaucht und eine 20-Kilohertz-Vibration in der Probe induziert. Die Untersuchungsdauer betrug 45 Minuten. In den gesamten nachfolgenden Beispielen wurde die Temperatur während der Prüfung auf 85° C gehalten, ausgenommen dort, wo dies durch ein Sternchen (*) gekennzeichnet ist. Der relative Gewichtsverlust ist durch die nachfolgende Formel definiert:The invention can be better appreciated by the following non-limiting examples, which the progressiveness of the functional fluids according to the invention is also impressively demonstrated place. In Examples 1 to 10, nickel samples were placed in the functional fluids to be tested immersed and induced a 20 kilohertz vibration in the sample. The duration of the examination was 45 Minutes. In all of the examples below, the temperature was 85 ° C. during the test except where this is indicated by an asterisk (*). The relative weight loss is defined by the following formula:

χ 100,χ 100,

GVGV

Vgl.See.

C6H13 OCH2CF2CF2CF2C-C 6 H 13 OCH 2 CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 C-

R20R20

R19 R 19

QH5OCH2(CF2)4C— R20QH 5 OCH 2 (CF 2 ) 4 C-R20

Rl9Rl9

C3H7OCH2(CF2)4C— R20 in welcher die Abkürzungen die folgende Bedeutung besitzen:C 3 H 7 OCH 2 (CF 2 ) 4 C— R20 in which the abbreviations have the following meaning:

GVkei. = relativer Gewichtsverlust;
GVferf. = Gesamtgewichtsverlust der Probe, geprüft in einer funktionellen Flüssigkeit gemäß Erfindung;
GVkei. = relative weight loss;
GVferf. = Total weight loss of the sample tested in a functional fluid according to the invention;

GVvgi. = Gesamtgewichtsverlust der Probe, geprüft in einem Basismaterial ohne Additiv.GVvgi. = Total weight loss of the sample, checked in a base material without an additive.

Ein relativer Gewichtsverlust unter 100 bedeutet daher, daß von der Probe weniger Metall entfernt wurde, wenn das Additiv in einem gegebenen Basismaterial vorhanden war und daß die jeweilig geprüfte erfindungsgemäße funktioneile Flüssigkeit Schaden inhibiert und daher technisch fortschrittlich ist.A relative weight loss below 100 therefore means that less metal is being removed from the sample when the additive was present in a given base material and that the respective tested functional fluid according to the invention inhibits damage and is therefore technically advanced.

Tabelle ITable I.

Beispie) Basismaterial
Nr.
Example) base material
No.

AdditivAdditive

Volumprozent
Additiv in
Basismaterial
Volume percentage
Additive in
Base material

GVReIGVReI

1 Tributylphosphat1 tributyl phosphate

2 Tributylphosphat2 tributyl phosphate

3 Tributylphosphat3 tributyl phosphate

4 4:1 Vol.-% Tributylphosphat : Trikresylphosphat4 4: 1% by volume tributyl phosphate: tricresyl phosphate

5 2:1 Vol.-% Tributylphosphat: Trikresylphosphat 6*) 1:1 Tributylphosphat: Trikresylphosphat5 2: 1% by volume of tributyl phosphate: tricresyl phosphate 6 *) 1: 1 tributyl phosphate: tricresyl phosphate

7 Trikresylphosphat7 tricresyl phosphate

8 Dibutylphenylphosphat8 dibutyl phenyl phosphate

9 87,15% Dibutylphenylphosphat
11% Acryloid VI-Verbesserer
9 87.15% dibutyl phenyl phosphate
11% Acryloid VI improver

1% epoxid. Sojabohnenöl
0,50% Bis(l,2-Phenylmercapto)-äthan
10 87,15% Dibutylphenylphosphat
1% epoxy. Soybean oil
0.50% bis (1,2-phenyl mercapto) ethane
10 87.15% dibutyl phenyl phosphate

11% Acryloid Vl-Verbesserer
1 % epoxid. Sojabohnenöl
0,50% Bis(l ,2-Phenylmercapto)-äthan
11% Acryloid VI improver
1% epoxy. Soybean oil
0.50% bis (1,2-phenyl mercapto) ethane

*) Die Untersuchungen wurden bei einer Temperatur von 300C durchgeführt.*) The investigations were carried out at a temperature of 30 0C.

ButylbenzoatButyl benzoate 55 8686 ButylstearatButyl stearate 55 8686 ÄthylacetatEthyl acetate 55 5959 ÄthylacetatEthyl acetate UlUl 7272 ÄthylacetatEthyl acetate 55 8383 ÄthylacetatEthyl acetate 55 7171 ÄthylacetatEthyl acetate 55 6060 ÄthylacetatEthyl acetate 55 7575 ÄthylacetatEthyl acetate 55 3636 PhenylpropionatPhenyl propionate 55 8686

Es ist gemäß Erfindung von Bedeutung, daß die Verwendung einer monomeren Esterverbindung eine Schädigung der Flüssigkeit kontrolliert und inhibiert. Es wurden verschiedene Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Grades des Flüssigkeitsabbaus oder der Veränderung der optischen Absorption einer Flüssigkeit, nachdem diese einer Ultraschallvibration unterworfen wurde, angewandt. Zusätzlich wurden die physikalischen Eigenschaften, wie der Anstieg der Viskosität und der Säurezahl der Flüssigkeit, vor und nach einem gegebenen Versuch bestimmt. In Tabelle 11 wird die hervorragende Fähigkeit der funktionellen Flüssigkeiten gemäß Erfindung im Hinblick auf die Schadensinhibierung und -kontrolle bei der Flüssigkeit erläutert. In Tabelle II wird die relative Inhibierung des Flüssigkeitsabbaus, wie sie durch die optische Absorption bestimmt wurde, erhalten durch Dividieren der optischen Absorption der funktionellen Flüssigkeit mit Additiven durch die optische Absorption der funktionellen Flüssigkeit ohne Additive, multipliziert mit 100, gezeigt. Die relative Abnahme der Säurezahl wurde erhalten durch Dividieren der Säurezahl der funktionellen Flüssigkeit mit Additiven durch die Säurezahl der funktionellen Flüssigkeit ohne Additive, multipliziert mit 100. Bei allen nachfolgenden Beispielen wurden die Versuche mit und ohne Additive bei gleichen Temperaturen und gleichen Zeiten durchgeführt.It is important according to the invention that the use of a monomeric ester compound Damage to the liquid controlled and inhibited. Various methods have been used to determine the Degree of fluid degradation or change in the optical absorption of a fluid after subjected to ultrasonic vibration. In addition, the physical Properties such as the increase in viscosity and acid number of the liquid, before and after a given attempt. Table 11 shows the excellent ability of the functional fluids explained according to the invention with regard to the damage inhibition and control in the liquid. In Table II lists the relative inhibition of fluid degradation as determined by optical absorption was obtained by dividing the optical absorption of the functional fluid with additives by the optical absorption of the functional fluid without additives, multiplied by 100. The relative decrease in acid number was obtained by dividing the acid number for the functional Liquid with additives multiplied by the acid number of the functional liquid without additives with 100. In all of the following examples, the tests were carried out with and without additives at the same temperatures and performed at the same times.

Tabelle IlTable Il

Beispiel Basismaterial
Nr.
Example base material
No.

Additiv Konzentr. Relative optische Relative
Vol.-% Absorption Säurezahl
Additive concentr. Relative optical relatives
Vol .-% absorption acid number

11 87,15% Dibutylphenylphosphat11 87.15% dibutyl phenyl phosphate

12 Trikresylphosphat12 tricresyl phosphate

Äthylacetat Äthylacetat 39
40
Ethyl acetate ethyl acetate 39
40

1414th

Es wurde gefunden, daß das zur Bestimmung des relativen Schadens verwendete Prüfverfahren in vollem Maße zufriedenstellend den Testversuchen bei simulierten, hydraulischen System-Prüfständen, wie dem »Fairey-Prüfstand«, entsprach. Der »Fairey-Prüfstand« ist ein hydraulisches System mit geschlossener Schleife, in welchem die Versuchsbedingungen die tatsächlichen Flüssigkeitsdrücke und -temperaturen, wie sie in einem Flugzeug auftreten können, simulieren. Ein solcher Prüfstand wird zum Zwecke der Prüfung von hydraulischen Flüssigkeiten und hydraulischen Bestandteilen verwendet. Zusätzlich entsprachen die hydraulischen System-Prüfstände zur Bestimmung des Schadens voll zufriedenstellend dem hydraulischen System von im Handel erhältlichen Flugzeugen, wobei das Ausmaß der Schäden bestimmt wurde.It has been found that the test method used to determine the relative damage in full Measures satisfactory the test trials with simulated, hydraulic system test benches, such as the "Fairey test bench", corresponded. The "Fairey Test Stand" is a hydraulic system with a closed loop, in which the test conditions the actual liquid pressures and temperatures as they are in a Airplane can occur simulate. Such a test bench is used for the purpose of testing hydraulic Fluids and hydraulic components are used. In addition, the hydraulic System test benches to determine the damage fully satisfactory to the hydraulic system from im Commercial aircraft, where the extent of the damage was determined.

Die in den vorausgehenden Beispielen ausgewiesenen Zahlen erläutern die bedeutende Schadensinhibierung, die durch Zusatz einer Esterverbindung in ein Basismaterial erhalten werden kann. Zusätzlich wurden die physikalischen Eigenschaften und die Verhaltenseigenschaften, wie die Schmierfähigkeit, Feuerresistenz und Viskosität im wesentlichen durch das Additiv nicht verändert, was von wesentlicher Bedeutung ist, da ein Basismaterial für ein gegebenes Flüssigkeitssystem wegen seiner physikalischen Eigenschaften ausgesucht wird und Abweichungen von diesen Eigenschaften ein verschlechtertes Verhalten der funktionellen Flüssigkeit mit sich bringen kann.The figures shown in the previous examples explain the significant damage inhibition, which can be obtained by adding an ester compound to a base material. Additionally were the physical properties and the behavioral properties such as lubricity, fire resistance and viscosity is essentially not changed by the additive, which is essential as a Base material selected for a given fluid system for its physical properties and deviations from these properties result in deteriorated behavior of the functional fluid can bring with it.

Wie in Tabelle I gezeigt, sind die Esterverbindungen bei der Schadensinhibierung und -kontrolle gegenüber den mechanischen Teilen, mit welchen solche Flüssigkeiten in Kontakt kommen, die die erfindungsgemäßen Esterverbindungen enthalten, wirksam. Es ist von besonderer Bedeutung, daß die Schadensinhibierung und -kontrolle ohne nachteilige Wirkung auf irgendeine der kritischen Eigenschaften der funktionellen Flüssigkeiten bewirkt wird.As shown in Table I, the ester compounds are opposed to damage inhibition and control the mechanical parts with which such liquids come into contact that the invention Containing ester compounds, effective. It is of particular importance that the damage inhibition and control without adversely affecting any of the critical properties of the functional fluids is effected.

Die Wirksamkeit der Esterverbindungen zur Inhibierung und Kontrolle des Abbaus der Basismaterialien wird durch Tabelle 11 erläutert. Es zeigt im besonderen die Tabelle 11 deutlich auf, daß die EsterverbindungenThe effectiveness of the ester compounds for inhibition and control of the degradation of the base materials is illustrated by Table 11. It shows in particular Table 11 clearly shows that the ester compounds

bei geringen Konzentrationen zur Verhinderung des Abbaus von Basismaterial wirksam sind, wie dies aus der relativen Abnahme der optischen Absorptionsfähigkeit und der Säurezahl der Flüssigkeit ersichtlich ist. Diese Inhibierung des Abbaus des Basismaterials ist von besonderer Bedeutung bei vielen Anwendungsbereichen von funktioneilen Flüssigkeiten, wobei die anfangs geforderten Flüssigkeitscharakteristica während der Verwendung durch Zusatz der Esterverbindungen beibehalten werden. So ist der Zusatz einer Esterverbindung zu einer Basisflüssigkeit zur Schadensinhibierung und -kontrolle der Flüssigkeit von besonderer Bedeutung, da sich die Flüssigkeitsschädigung selbst in verschiedener Weise zeigt, so unter anderem in einer Viskositätsänderung, einer Zunahme der Säurezahl, der Bildung unlöslicher Materialien, erhöhter Reaktionsfähigkeit und Verfärbung. In einem Flüssigkeitssystem müssen die besonderen Eigenschaften einer Flüssigkeit beibehalten werden, um eine brauchbare Arbeitsweise des besonderen Systems, in welchem die funktioneilen Flüssigkeiten verwendet werden, zu bewirken. So können durch Flüssigkeitsabbau Viskositätsänderungen hervorgerufen werden, wobei polymere Produkte mit hohem Molekulargewicht in dem System gebildet werden. Solche Produkte hohen Molekulargewichts werden dann in der besonderen Basisflüssigkeit oftmals unlöslich, was eine Ausfällung oder Schlammbildung von unlöslichem Material zum Ergebnis hat. Derartiges unlösliches Material und Schlamm verstopft die Filter und lagert sich an beweglichen Teilen ab, die durch die Flüssigkeit geschmiert werden sollen, wodurch eine unzulängliche Schmierung und Beeinträchtigung des genauen Funktionierens der mechanischen Teile verursacht wird. Eine erhöhte chemische Reaktionsfähigkeit wird ebenso an Hand des Flüssigkeitsabbaus beobachtet wie ein Zunehmen der Säurezahl der Flüssigkeit. Das Auftreten einer erhöhten chemischen Reaktivität und eine hohe Säurezahl bewirkt, daß das besondere System, in welchem die Flüssigkeit arbeitet, durch die Flüssigkeit chemisch angegriffen wird, wodurch Vernarbung bzw. Aushöhlung, Abnützung und Veränderungen der genauen Toleranzen der mechanischen Teile durch die bezeichnete Flüssigkeit verursacht wird. Eine unmittelbare Folge des Flüssigkeitsabbaus ist daher eine vorzeitige, notwendig werdende Überholung der mechanischen Teile. Daher ist es von besonderer Bedeutung, daß der Flüssigkeitsabbau so kontrolliert und inhibiert wird, daß die Gebrauchsdauer einer Flüssigkeit in einem funktioneilen Flüssigkeitssystem verlängert wird.are effective at low concentrations to prevent the degradation of base material, as shown in the relative decrease in the optical absorptivity and the acid number of the liquid can be seen. These Inhibition of the degradation of the base material is of particular importance in many areas of application of functional fluids, with the initially required fluid characteristics during the Use can be retained by adding the ester compounds. So is the addition of an ester compound to a base liquid for damage inhibition and control of the liquid of particular importance, since the fluid damage shows itself in different ways, so among other things in one Change in viscosity, an increase in the acid number, the formation of insoluble materials, increased reactivity and discoloration. A liquid system must have the special properties of a liquid must be maintained in order to ensure that the particular system in which the Liquids are used to effect. For example, viscosity changes can occur due to the degradation of fluids with high molecular weight polymeric products being formed in the system will. Such high molecular weight products are then often found in the particular base fluid insoluble, resulting in precipitation or sludge formation of insoluble material. Such a thing insoluble material and sludge clogs the filters and deposits on moving parts that are carried by the Fluid to be lubricated, causing inadequate lubrication and deterioration of the accurate functioning of the mechanical parts. An increased chemical reactivity is also observed on the basis of the degradation of the liquid, as is an increase in the acid number of the liquid. That The occurrence of increased chemical reactivity and a high acid number causes the special system, in which the fluid works, is chemically attacked by the fluid, causing scarring or Hollow out, wear and tear and changes in the exact tolerances of the mechanical parts caused by the called fluid is caused. A direct consequence of fluid degradation is therefore one premature, necessary overhaul of mechanical parts. Hence it is special Meaning that the degradation of fluids is controlled and inhibited in such a way that the service life of a Fluid is extended in a functional fluid system.

Als Ergebnis der ausgezeichneten Schadensinhibierung und -kontrolle bei Verwendung der funktioneilen Flüssigkeiten innerhalb des Erfindungsbereiches können verbesserte, hydraulische Druckvorrichtungen nach dieser Erfindung hergestellt werden, die eine Kombination der Flüssigkeitskammer und eine sich bewegende, funktionelle Flüssigkeit in der Kammer umfassen, wobei die funktionelle Flüssigkeit ein Gemisch von einem oder mehreren der vorausgehend beschriebenen Basismaterialien und eine kleinere, für die Schadensinhibierung ausreichende Menge einer Esterverbindung umfaßt. In einem solchen System werden die Teile, die auf diese Weise geschmiert werden, die reibenden Oberflächen der Kraftquelle, nämlich die Pumpen, Ventile, Arbeitskolben und Zylinder, Flüssigkeitsmotoren, und in manchen Fällen die Maschineninstrumente, die Wege, Flächen und Gleitflächen umfassen. Das hydraulische System kann sowohl ein System mit konstantem Volumen als auch variablem Volumen sein.As a result of the excellent damage inhibition and control when using the functional ones Liquids within the scope of the invention can be improved by hydraulic pressure devices of this invention are made, which a combination of the liquid chamber and a moving, functional fluid in the chamber, wherein the functional fluid is a mixture of one or several of the base materials described above and a smaller one for damage inhibition comprises a sufficient amount of an ester compound. In such a system the parts that are on this Ways to be lubricated are the rubbing surfaces of the power source, namely the pumps, valves, working pistons and cylinders, fluid motors, and in in some cases the machine instruments, which include paths, surfaces and sliding surfaces. The hydraulic System can be both a constant volume and a variable volume system.

Die Pumpen können verschiedenen Typen zugehören, einschließlich Zentrifugalpumpen, Strahlpumpen, Schaufelturbinen, flüssigen Kolbengaskompressoren, Kolbenpumpen, insbesondere variable Kolbenhubpumpen, variable Verdrängungs- oder variable Entleerungskolbenpumpen, Radialkolbenpumpen, Axialkolbenpumpen, in welchen ein eingesetzter Zylinderblock mitThe pumps can be of various types including centrifugal pumps, jet pumps, Blade turbines, liquid piston gas compressors, piston pumps, in particular variable piston stroke pumps, variable displacement or variable evacuation piston pumps, radial piston pumps, axial piston pumps, in which an inserted cylinder block with

ίο verschiedenen Winkeln auf die Kolbenanordnung eingestellt wird, beispielsweise Vickers-Axial-Piston-Putnpen, oder in welchen der Mechanismus, der die Kolben treibt, in einem einstellbaren Winkel zu dem Zylinderblock angeordnet ist, Getriebepumpen, die schneckenförmige oder Pfeilverzahnungs-Getriebe antreiben, Abänderungen der Innengetriebe oder eine Schraubenpumpe oder Flügelradpumpen. Die Ventile können Verschlußventile, Schaltventile, Steuerventile, Drosselventile, Sequenzventile, Entlastungsventile, Servoventile, Nichtrücklaufventile, Tellerventile oder Überdruckventile sein. Flüssigkeitsmotoren sind gewöhnlich konstante oder variable Verdrängungskolbenpumpen, die durch den Druck der hydraulischen Flüssigkeit des Systems mit der Kraft, die durch eine Pumpenkraftquelle zugeführt wird, zum Rotieren gebracht werden. Solch ein hydraulischer Motor kann zusammen mit einer veränderlichen Verdrängungspumpe zur Bildung einer veränderlichen Geschwindigkeitsübertragung verwendet werden. Es ist daher von besonderer Bedeutung, daß die reibenden Teile des Flüssigkeitssystems, die durch die funktionelle Flüssigkeit geschmiert werden, gegenüber Schaden geschützt werden. Solch ein Schaden kann ein Festfressen der bewegenden Teile, übermäßige Abnutzung und vorzeitigen Ersatz der Teile bewirken.ίο different angles on the piston assembly is set, for example Vickers-Axial-Piston-Putnpen, or in which the mechanism that drives the pistons, at an adjustable angle to the Cylinder block is arranged, gear pumps that drive helical or herringbone gears, Modifications to the internal gears or a screw pump or impeller pumps. The valves can shut-off valves, switching valves, control valves, throttle valves, sequence valves, relief valves, servo valves, Be non-return valves, poppet valves or pressure relief valves. Fluid motors are common constant or variable displacement piston pumps driven by the pressure of the hydraulic Fluid of the system with the power supplied by a pump power source to rotate to be brought. Such a hydraulic motor can be used in conjunction with a variable displacement pump can be used to form a variable speed transmission. It is therefore of of particular importance that the rubbing parts of the fluid system carried by the functional fluid be lubricated, protected from damage. Such damage can be a seizure of the moving parts, excessive wear and tear, and premature replacement of parts.

Die erfindungsgemäßen Flüssigkeiten können, wenn sie als funktionelle Flüssigkeit verwendet werden, ebenso Farbstoffe, Fließpunkterniedriger, Metalldeaktivatoren, Säurefänger, Antioxidationsmittel und Entschäumer in einer Konzentration enthalten, die ausreicht, Antischaumeigenschaften zu schaffen, wie ungefähr 10 bis ungefähr 100 ppm, Viskositätsindexverbesserer wie Polyalkylacrylate, Polyalkylmethacrylate, polycyclische Polymerisate, Polyurethane, Polyalkylenoxide und Polyester, Schmiermittel und ähnliche.The fluids according to the invention, if they are used as a functional fluid, also dyes, pour point depressants, metal deactivators, acid scavengers, antioxidants and defoamers contained in a concentration sufficient to provide anti-foam properties, such as about 10 to about 100 ppm, viscosity index improvers such as polyalkyl acrylates, polyalkyl methacrylates, polycyclic polymers, polyurethanes, polyalkylene oxides and polyesters, lubricants and the like.

Es Hegt ebenso im Bereich dieser Erfindung, daß die beschriebenen Phosphatbasismaterialien einzeln oder als Flüssigkeitszubereitung mit einem Gehalt an zwei oder mehr Basismaterialien in verschiedenen Anteilen verwendet werden können. Die Basismaterialien können ebenso auch andere Flüssigkeiten enthalten, so beispielsweise zusätzlich noch Flüssigkeiten, die von Kohleprodukten erhalten wurden und synthetische öle, z. B. Alkylenpolymerisate (wie Polymerisate von Propylen, Butylen usw. und Gemische derselben), Alkylenoxid-Polymerisate (z. B. Propylenoxid-Polymerisate) und deren Derivate, einschließlich Alkylenoxid-Polymerisate, die durch Polymerisieren von Alkylenoxid in Gegenwart von Wasser oder Alkoholen, z. B. Äthylalkohol, hergestellt wurden, Alkylbenzole (z. B. Monoalkylbenzol wie Dodecylbenzol, Tetradecylbenzol usw.) und Dialkylbenzole (z. B. n-Nonyl-2-äthylhexylbenzol); Polyphenylen (z.B. Biphenylen und Terphenylen), halogeniertes Benzol, halogeniertes niederes Alkylbenzol, halogeniertes Biphenyl und monohalogenierte Diphenyläther.It is also within the scope of this invention that the phosphate base materials described can be used individually or as a liquid preparation containing two or more base materials in different proportions can be used. The base materials can also contain other liquids, see above For example, liquids obtained from coal products and synthetic oils, z. B. alkylene polymers (such as polymers of propylene, butylene, etc. and mixtures thereof), alkylene oxide polymers (e.g. propylene oxide polymers) and their derivatives, including alkylene oxide polymers, by polymerizing alkylene oxide in the presence of water or alcohols, e.g. B. ethyl alcohol, alkylbenzenes (e.g. monoalkylbenzene such as dodecylbenzene, tetradecylbenzene, etc.) and dialkylbenzenes (e.g. n-nonyl-2-ethylhexylbenzene); Polyphenylene (e.g. biphenylene and terphenylene), halogenated benzene, halogenated lower alkylbenzene, halogenated biphenyl and monohalogenated diphenyl ethers.

609 524/425609 524/425

Claims (1)

Patentansprüche:Patent claims: 1. Funktionelle Flüssigkeiten, bestehend aus einem größeren Anteil an einer oder mehreren Phosphorverbindungen der allgemeinen Formel I1. Functional fluids, consisting of a large proportion of one or more phosphorus compounds of the general formula I. <Y2)c<Y 2 ) c R14
worin Y Sauerstoff, Schwefel und/oder
R 14
wherein Y is oxygen, sulfur and / or
R1.R 1 . —N—
Yi Sauerstoff, Schwefel und/oder
—N—
Yi oxygen, sulfur and / or
(1)(1)
DE1967M0073997 1966-05-16 1967-05-16 FUNCTIONAL LIQUIDS Granted DE1644911B2 (en)

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ES (1) ES340585A1 (en)
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US3956154A (en) * 1974-02-11 1976-05-11 Stauffer Chemical Company Hydraulic fluid system
US3974081A (en) * 1974-07-31 1976-08-10 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Biodegradable seal swell additive with low toxicity properties for automatic transmission fluids, power transmission fluids and rotary engine oil applications
US4167486A (en) * 1977-08-25 1979-09-11 Mobil Oil Corporation Lubricant composition containing a lubricity agent
JPS552842A (en) * 1978-06-22 1980-01-10 Daiichi Kogyo Kk Stud bolt for soft material
US4519932A (en) * 1982-09-20 1985-05-28 National Distillers And Chemical Corporation Low temperature hydraulic fluids based on two centistoke synthetic hydrocarbons
JPS60131716U (en) * 1984-02-13 1985-09-03 森 廣幸 screw attachment
US4645615A (en) * 1986-02-27 1987-02-24 Fmc Corporation Fire-resistant hydraulic fluid
US4839068A (en) * 1987-10-01 1989-06-13 The Lubrizol Corporation Polysuccinate esters and lubricating compositions comprising same
US5554309A (en) * 1989-08-28 1996-09-10 Aluminum Company Of America Lubricants for ceramics at elevated temperatures
JPH0614526U (en) * 1992-05-11 1994-02-25 立山アルミニウム工業株式会社 Retrofit
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BE698526A (en) 1967-11-16
GB1198322A (en) 1970-07-08
CH503102A (en) 1971-02-15
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IL27987A (en) 1970-12-24
SE341041B (en) 1971-12-13
JPS4811255B1 (en) 1973-04-12
FR1526406A (en) 1968-05-24
ES340585A1 (en) 1968-10-01
GB1198321A (en) 1970-07-08
DE1644911A1 (en) 1970-08-13

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