DE1611456B2 - Method and apparatus for forming excluded lines from raw text - Google Patents

Description

There are already numerous for the exclusion of lines

ίο procedures have been developed in which, in principle the procedure is consistent in such a way that the individual lines are initially tested without regard to the line adjustment can be established and then the resulting incorrect operation of the line length on the

iS individual word spacing or character spacing of the line is distributed. With this principle, after the first creation of each line, the so-called compensation values, namely the size of the shortfall and the number of characters on which it distributes

ao should be to determine and note what can be done either by reading or writing down or by means of automatic mechanical punching devices. This setting, taking into account * the determined compensation values, can be carried out with known% mechanical devices, e.g. B. in the Austrian patent 33 827 described.

But there are also additional devices for power-driven typewriters with proportional stepping of the car known, for example in the training as with the typewriter and especially their Command device connected to the space bar, as described in German patent specification 1,059,931. One such Additional device can also be controlled by punched strips, with a line for Line is evaluated and the text writing is controlled in a second scan. In this case it will the line division itself is determined by the operator of the machine, and the connected equipment causes the lines to be excluded, taking into account a specified output line length.

However, the text to be written or printed is very often, e. B. in newspaper printing, letterpress printing etc. is based on a raw text that does not contain any information on the division of lines. Because the preparatory β Retention of such raw information on a perforated tape, a magnetic tape or the like Recording medium has the advantage that it can be processed at high speed without any special processing measures can be carried out because of the division of the lines and, if necessary, the occurring Hyphenation problems need not be given attention. In addition, the Text can later be printed out with any line length without having to prepare the raw text some consideration must be given to this. Sometimes it is also desirable to have one Replay raw text several times, each with different line lengths.

For the line exclusion of raw text, the one you want for the printed text is essential Typeface quality decisive, which depends in particular on the limitation of the maxima of the word spacing. The different word spacing that occurs depends on the desired aesthetic Image of the finished text as well as other economic considerations. For example in newspaper printing there is a greater variation between

Smallest and largest word spacing accepted, while with quality printing, for example with Letterpress, the requirements in this regard are much higher.

In a known system, these features of the finished text are determined by an automatic comparison with a previously determinable, minimum difference between the specified line length and the Length of a text line without the last word that would exceed the specified line length was determined. If the mentioned difference corresponds to at least a predetermined amount, the last one will be Word is hyphenated automatically, and the hyphen and the part of the word before it become part of it the previous line is used. However, this method of word division is relatively complicated and also favors the separation of words, which is undesirable.

The necessary check can also be carried out before the word spacing is equalized, whereby the ao Number of word spaces multiplied by a given factor and the result with the one to be filled Place is compared. With this method, however, neither the different character widths still other factors are taken into account, which for the as equal to the spacing between characters. ■

Another refined method of creating an excluded text volume The width of the characters entered and the spaces between words can be selected from the line length of a raw text summed up in a counter, this sum with that entered in a second counter The value of the desired column width or line length is compared and the input of the characters as long as possible continued until the one formed in the line length counter Value the value stored in the second counter, namely the value of the desired line length, exceeds. Then, if the line cannot be excluded in the previous way, exclude the line by adding space wedge quarters or half-quarters. Can also on If the line is not excluded in this way, a switch is made to the word breaker program and the line is excluded by separating the last word no longer matching the line (VDI-Nachrichten No. 13, 1965, p. 12).

The invention is based on the object of this method, from which in the preamble of claim 1 assumed to be improving, with the aim of excluding the line whenever possible without the requirement to achieve the complex word separation and at the same time to the continuous comparison process simplify. This object is specified by the characterizing part of claim 1 Process steps solved.

According to the method according to the invention, after the first attempt, the exclusion with an enlarged Word spacing and possibly a further or third attempt with an enlarged one To achieve word spacing, the entire line including the character spacing within a given limit in order to achieve an exclusion as far as possible in this way, without a word separation is necessary The test is carried out to determine whether such a stretching can lead to the goal, according to the invention by multiplying the accumulated character width values of the transmitted line with carried out a given quality factor, so by a simple calculation, the result again is fed to the comparator. Thus, according to the invention, it takes place after the insertion of enlarged word spacings Another attempt, by stretching the line by increasing all the distances, so too the character spacing to achieve an exclusion without word separation.

The method according to the invention thus both simplifies and simplifies the comparison process by means of the further step which can be carried out easily with the means provided anyway With the help of a quality factor, the probability increases significantly without excluding word separation to be able to. The free choice of a corresponding quality factor enables an adaptation to everyone Individual case, namely depending on whether it is newspaper printing, letterpress printing, printing of brochures or other Print products

A preferred device for performing the method according to the invention as described in claim 4 is marked, shows a very simple structure and can be accommodated in a small space, z. B. in a suitably equipped desk, which also has the associated input and output units records such as tape readers and printers.

The invention wid in the following with reference to the drawing, which is a block diagram of a device for Implementation of the method according to the invention illustrated, explained in more detail in an exemplary embodiment.

According to the exemplary embodiment, the raw text is fed to a tape reader 3 via a magnetic tape 1, the previous creation of the magnetic tape 1 by recording the raw data in the form of code signals can be done using a suitable typewriter. From the tape reader 3 get the scanned Signals to a storage and computing unit 5, hereinafter referred to as a unit, which in turn controls the tape reader 3.

When the scanned from the magnetic tape 1 by means of the tape reader 3 characters are transmitted Width values determined automatically by the unit 5 and accumulated in an input register 7 under the The width of a character in the text is understood to mean the width in the horizontal direction that of the relevant character Character is taken when printing. The widths for each character vary between certain limits, preferably between three units for a point and nine units for an M. or a W.

However, other values apply to the word spacing. A code representing normal word spacing is interpreted as the end of a word. For taking into account the minimum distance between The unit 5 has a spacer 9 for two adjacent words in a text to be excluded. This can be set manually to a different number of distance units, depending on which typeface is desired for the excluded text. The spacer 9 can be used for the minimum Word spacing, for example, to four or, for other excluded text, to five units and every time a word spacing code is supplied from the tape reader 3 to the unit 5 is, the content of the input register 7 is increased by the predetermined minimum word spacing

The sum of the

Width values of all characters and the specified minimum word spacing of the entered text are formed. Meanwhile, each time a word spacing code is received, the content of the input register 7 in a comparator 11 with the content of a line target length register 15 compared, which by means of an adjusting switch 13 to the respective target length of the finished excluded line has been set. The desired length of this already excluded line depends on which print product is to be created; so are in newspaper printing because of the Column-by-column division requires short line lengths, while letterpress printing covers the entire width lines extending across the page are to be set.

Is used when comparing the contents of the input register 7 and the line length register 15 in the comparator 11 an excess is determined by the accumulated values of the character widths and minimum interword lengths exceed the target line length including the last word spacing the comparator 11 outputs a stop signal from the unit 5 via a line 17 to the tape reader 3.

With the unit 5 is another one, as an output register designated register 19, into which the content of the input register 7 is transferred word by word, and in each case when the comparator 11 does not have an excess after entering a word spacing code Has been established. The values transferred to the output register 19 are therefore identical to those of the input register 7 with the exception of the last word in each case, when it is entered in register 7, comparator 11 Has found excess.

The output register 19 thus contains in each case when an excess is determined in the input register 7 the sum of all character widths and word spacing of a line up to a word spacing, which is in any case a means grammatically correct line end. Should the ascertained excess only by the last Word spacing has been caused, this is a special case that ensures correct line exclusion also made possible without using the method described here.

The line exclusion is now carried out in the usual way by dividing the line length to be filled in by the number of word spaces in the line is prepared. This invoice is preferably in an attached Calculator running. The word spacing calculated in this way is then matched with a predetermined first maximum word spacing compared, which was previously entered into the unit 5 via a setting switch 21 has been. The selection of this value for the first maximum word spacing depends on the desired Print quality. In newspaper printing, for example, it is around eleven units, while in Letterpress with the higher requirements customary there a first maximum word spacing of, for example only allows seven units. Is the calculated word spacing equal to or smaller than the preset first maximum word spacing value, the data of the relevant line including the Word spacing codes are transferred directly to an output register 23.

In many cases, the line is excluded due to the specified first maximum word spacing possible, so that the line exclusion can be carried out without further special procedural steps can. However, if the calculated word spacing is greater than the first specified maximum word spacing, as it was entered via the setting switch 21, the unit 5 sends a signal to a multiplier 27.

The multiplier 27 receives from the output register 19 the sum of the entered character width values and Word spacing values without the last word and multiply this sum value by a given one Quality factor. A comparator 29 then checks the desired value stored in the target line length register 15 Line length to match the product in the multiplier 27. Is this product the same or greater than the desired line length, the unit 5 receives a signal via a line 31 and then divides the number of characters present in the last word minus 1 by the width to be filled corresponding value, a new, namely a second, maximum word spacing being taken into account. This is greater than the first maximum word spacing entered via the setting switch 21 and is also entered via a setting switch 33 before the start of the exclusion operations described been.

Now the codes representing the text of the line concerned are fed to the output register 23, where the second maximum word spacing takes into account

^a 5 is taken and, if necessary, spacing units are inserted between the individual character codes, which are distributed as evenly as possible between the individual character codes. The codes representing the line are transmitted from the output register 23 to a printer 25, the smallest step feed unit of which between the type carrier and the recording medium is a basic step unit. A completely even distribution of the expansion values on the present line is therefore usually not possible, so that some character or word spacings have a difference of a basic step unit compared to other character or word spacings.

If, however, the comparison in the comparator 29 shows that the product in the multiplier 27 is smaller than the desired one Set length of the line, then a signal is sent to a word separation unit 35 via a line 37 transfer. To fill the line, the last word from the input register 7 is used and inserted into the word separation unit 35 by means of the setting switch

39 manually separated by the operator of the facility according to the (grammatical rules. The word separation unit 35 sends a corresponding signal to unit 5, in which from the now entered Text the maximum word spacing including the last word up to the hyphen and with a hyphen calculated as the last character of the line. Is in this calculation of the word spacing the previously mentioned second maximum word spacing has not been exceeded, which is indicated by a comparison is determined, the now excluded text line is sent to the printer via the output register 23 25. However, if the second maximum word spacing was exceeded, the unit 5 calculates immediately the line exclusion through increased character spacing, as described above. Then the text becomes this Line with this enlarged character spacing and corresponding to the second maximum word spacing Word spacings are transmitted to printer 25 via output register 23.

When the output register 23 has delivered this data, the tape reader 3 is again via the line 17 switched on, and the process steps described above are repeated to form the next

excluded line. A word break has been made to exclude the previous line the part of the last word of the previous line which is separated by word separation S did not reach output register 23 with this line, placed at the beginning of the following line.

The factor used in the multiplier 27 depends on the quality requirements for the excluded Text off. A satisfactory quality is generally achieved with a factor of 2, but this can can also be undercut within certain limits, whereby, for example, the factor 1.8 is somewhat higher Quality as a result of smaller character spacing. The factor 2 has the advantage that the content of the output register 19 can be doubled in an adder by simple addition and a multiplication circuit with a correspondingly increased effort cannot is required

The comparison carried out in the comparator 29 of the product of the multiplier 27 with the content of the ao lensollength register 15 is carried out in a simple manner by means of a conventional arithmetic unit Subtraction of the value of the nominal line length register from the product in multiplier 27. Is during the subtraction the carryover from the highest point is not required, so the result of the subtraction is positive a signal to unit 5 via line 31; otherwise a signal via line 37 is sent to the word separation unit 35 given. The operator of the machine now has the option of using the setting switch 39 to decide on the word break or to avoid a word break by excluding of the line by utilizing the maximum word spacing and by essentially evenly distributed Character spacing is reached.

Often, z. B. for the beginning of a new paragraph, the beginning of a line can be indented a little. In Using the method described, the indentation from the left margin into In the form of spacing codes at the beginning of the line. The total value of these distance codes remains of course constant in the course of the exclusion and is not due to additional character spacing changes; rather, it remains part of the minimum line length.

It is also possible to treat the indentation from the left margin as a shorter line, but this is in comparison requires a higher technical and time expenditure compared to the method described above and therefore is not desirable.

If an indentation from the right margin is desired, the relevant line is simply labeled accordingly treat the shorter line without performing any of the previously described exclusion procedures requires special measures.

1 sheet of drawings 409529/23

Claims (6)

Patent claims: 1. Method of forming excluded lines from a raw text in the form of individual serial Code signals are fed word by word to a register, the accumulated width values of the Characters and minimal spaces between words after each word with the stored target line length are compared and if the line length is exceeded, the supply of text information is stopped and the possibility of excluding the line without the last word using predefined word spacing values with, if necessary, increasing values in one or more stages by comparison with the content of the memory containing the line target length is examined and, in the positive case, the Missing amount to exclude the line is determined and distributed to the word spacing, while im negative case made a separation of the following word and part of this word the Line is added, characterized by that the supplied raw text is stored in a first register and the word-by-word transmission from this to a second register until the content of the first register has reached the value the line length exceeds, and that if the result of the multi-stage examination is negative, the Exclusibility of the line The length value of the transmitted line multiplied by a quality factor and the product is compared with the memory containing the desired line length, wherein, if the product in relation to the content of the register containing the target line length is greater than or is determined immediately, the line that has been expanded accordingly in terms of word spacing and character spacing comes to the output. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a first and a second maximum Word spacing are stored, which are used consecutively to check the excludability of the transferred line can be used. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the quality factor in the size of 1.8 to 2.0 is chosen. 4. Device for performing the method according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that that a storage and arithmetic unit (5) is provided, consisting of a line nominal length register (15), an input register (7), a comparator (11) assigned to these two registers, an output register (23) and setting switches (9, 13, 21, 33) for manual input of the desired Line length, a minimum word spacing, a first maximum word spacing and a second maximum word spacing. 5. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the storage and computing unit (5) an output register (19) is assigned, the content of which is the sum of the received characters and spaces a line, excluding the last word that exceeds the preselected line length, represents, and that the output of the output register (19) with a multiplier (27) and this with one input of a comparator (29) is connected, the other input with the line target length register (15) is in connection. 6. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the comparator (29) has two outputs which via lines (31, 37) to the storage and computing unit (5) or to a word separation unit (35) are connected.