DE1601178A1 - Heat exchanger with movable balls as heat exchangers - Google Patents

Description

1601Ί 78

410-1% ίί? 6Ρ Jl.1.1966

ίί LParia (France)

u a α MDAJi JADECWiCH, Wmebau

Heat exchanger with moving balls ala heat exchanger

The invention relates to a heat exchanger based on the principle of heat storage in movable, heat-resistant spheres, with an upper Auataüeoherk £ iÄser _f in which also a ring chamber surrounding the lower chamber through inlet openings, a heating gas flows from the bottom up and gives off heat to the balls passing through in the counter-air , with a lower exchanger chamber, in which the gas flows from the bottom to the top, absorbing heat from the balls that run in the opposite direction and heated in the upper exchanger chamber, and with a flat-shaped channel, the lower end of the upper exchanger chamber below the inlet openings for the heating gas old of the lower exchanger chamber connects. It relates specifically to dae

009831/0142

Connection piece between the upper exchange chamber. of such a Y / ärmetauachei's, which is flowed through in ascending order from the heating gas, and the lower Austauscherkammer that the flows through ascending to be heated Gaa of _(.

Heat exchangers with a large number of movable heat exchangers in the form of balls ("pebble heater") are 1ns, in particular in the oil processing belt end s, industry known. A general description can be found on page 958 ff of "Perry ¹ · Chemioal Engenieera Handbook", 4th edition, Mc Gran-Hill. Such heat exchangers consist of two superimposed exchange chambers, which are connected to each other via a connecting piece that forms a channel with a smaller diameter than the outer chamber intended for the balls to sink through, and through which the balls move from the upper to the lower chamber. The spheres pass through the upper chamber from top to bottom and are heated by a rising heating gas, the heat of which comes from an external heat source and which enters through openings aa in the base of the chamber. The balls, which are heated in this way, get due to gravity through the channel into the lower chamber, in which they sink the * -. Giving up previously assumed heat to a gas rising in the chamber.

009 * 3 l / au '*'

The connecting piece is intended to prevent the heating and the gas to be heated from being swallowed up. Both gases circulate at essentially the same pressures, which are maintained by controllable pressure adjustment lines which are located in the chambers on both sides of the connecting piece that a random pressure fluctuation in one of the chambers causes contamination of the gas to be heated up by the heating gas or a reduction in efficiency ₉ the connecting channel is given a small diameter and / or a large length so that the balls contained in it cause a sufficient pressure loss , which prevents an eaaau- »exchange.

The use of such a .heat exchange? " fdr the heat exchange between a hot gas that it with very high temperature occurs and comes from an IIHD generator, for example, and a second Gae that is to be heated strongly, brings various difficulties with calibration »Working with considerable quantities and weighting balls results in the ratchets too mechanical problems for operational behavior of the connecting piece; Conventional frontal blinds suffer from increased wear on the duct the balls*

90913-1./04-42

The present invention is primarily based on the object to provide a connector that the Practical requirements correspond better than known ones Connectors, in particular In With regard to working with very hot gases like them for example an MHD generator supplies. The aim is also for the thermal and mechanical problems that arise in these high temperatures arise, a solution was found will.

The .inventive Heat exchanger based on the principle of heat storage in movable, heat-resistant spheres, with an upper one Exchanger chamber in which one of the lower ends of the chamber surrounding annular chamber entering through inlet openings Heating gas flows from the bottom up and thereby heat to the balls passing through in countercurrent, with a? lower Exchanger chamber, gas to be heated from below flows upwards and warmth from the in the Gegeaetroia continuous, in the upper part of the same chamber Picks up bullets, and with a »bottle neck-shaped Channel that has the lower end of the upper exchanger chamber below the inlet openings for the heating gas connecting the lower exchanger chamber is essentially characterized by several, in the area of the connection channel superimposed components made of fire-resistant

009831/0442

solid material, all of which are divided into sectors and adjoining each other, delimit the vertical canal, and of which the bottom one looks at a lower vault that is thermoset with connection openings and that middle on a second vault, supported above the Lower vault is arranged, together with it a Auagangasammleret for heated gas and a thermal shield as a shield for a cooled Tragsoh-Ie for the refractory walls of the upper Ausauacherkamiaer represents against the action of heated gas

The invention also includes further advantageous!

18QH fi

Units that can be used together or without the above-mentioned main features. It is explained in more detail in the following Beachrelbuag an AiisfÜhrungsbeispiele that is illustrated in the drawing. Show it?

Pig, 1 in a very hematic vertical

Portable section through its axis, the general arrangement Onea Wärmetauθehers with a plurality of balls w;

Pig, 2 a vertical achaial section through a

Connector according to one embodiment der Inventionρ the bela heat exchanger after Pig, I used »can earth;

. Pig. 5 a view of the lower vault dee Connection pieces according to Flg. 2.

The one in Pig. Heat exchanger schematiseh shown 1 includes two superposed vertical eylindri "* - see tower-like Auetau seherkammem A and B _1, the miteihan- w of the upper via the connecting piece 0 are in communication, Me chamber A, the interior of which is provided with a refractory lining 10 which can withstand high temperatures, is surrounded in its lower part by an annular chamber 12, which is delimited by a dumbbell 14 and an inner ring partition 16 * Tangential lines 18 for the supply of hot gas> those from not shown open into this lungkaramer Vorbrennuneskaaüsern come from, Me

_B AD

Chamber is via a row of radial openings 20 with the lower part of the upper AuetaUsehkarainer A in connection. - ,, "" ■ _: · -.-Λ V -, .., - "" .- "- '■■■

The hot gas entering the chamber via the opening 10 escapes via a discharge line 22, whereby it follows the arrows fο ·.

The separate from the upper chamber A through the Verbindungeetiick C lower chamber B has, in its part imteren a feed line 24 for kai te a gas (air beiepieleweiee) which be in a ringtrichterf8rraigen _(from the grid 28 · ^ opens excluded Konuaraum 26 » The gas, which is cold to the environment, rises according to the arrows fy and escapes from the lower chamber via a pipe 32 after it has papetest the vault 50 made of hit-resistant material and 36 allow a single tellea of the Bridge® at the upper and lower end of the connection set 0 _e

The total heat exchanger is τοη from top to bottom from bullets from heat resistance 7 later IaI (example proves made of stainless steel or keraaisohea Imaterial) through- · run «These balls are inserted into the upper chamber A aittele of the connecting tube 38 and calibrated

00 M 31 / 0-4 4 2

there on. _{They reach the lower chamber B 1} via a vertical shaft or channel delimited by the connecting piece C, which they leave via a funnel 28 forming the lower part of the tower B. This funnel is connected to a circuit D # for returning the balls, which contains a conveyor, not shown, which in turn demands the balls via a controllable feed device at the connecting tube 38. The balls thus follow the arrows P in Fig.

Bas in Pig. 2 shown inventions according to the connection takes place with a heat exchanger according to Pig. 1 use. To make things easier, wear the parts of the pig. 2, the ready mentioned parts of the pig. 1 correspond to the same reference number; the balls are not shown

The lower part of the upper chamber A comprises an outer supporting metal jacket 40 and an inner lining made of fire-resistant bricks 10, which are supported on a plate 44 via a chamber bed consisting of several layers of fire-resistant bricks, bearing the weight of the structural elements supported on it " Nlnnt" and there is an unillustrated StUt "elter". She plate 44 is Conveniently ^v 'ei formed plates aue Tletnll * e, which are cooled by circulating V'aseer ·

009831/0442

; -, /; '- "': BAD ORIGINAL

ϊα inside, the fire-proof outer clothing dee lower part of the upper chamber A is an annular chamber formed, -., those with the base of the from the lining IO Surrounded Sammer A Over breakthroughs 20 in the lining communicates. Eierfurofe becomes a truncated cone at the base of the upper exchanger chamber. Formed guide for the inlet of the connecting channel.

In the embodiment according to the invention, these openings 20 form vertical gaps between one another of the neighboring stones or "bricks".

To prevent the thermometer balls from getting into the reach annular chamber 12 and the chamber thereby closed frird, bodies are mounted in the columns, the sieve (in order to prevent the creation of mechanical tensions bu can move against each other} read the body * free passages of sufficiently small 'dimensions In the embodiment according to FIG. 2, these bodies are equalized by an accumulation of locking balls 46 knife formed.

These locking balls form the passageways of small dimensions and prevent the heat accumulator balls from getting into the HinakariLier 12 'when descending from the Kanraer A "around connector C", VFUr die Praxi " a chat Bt iMkSi that the bullets could not penetrate », eo-

009831/0442

long the diameter of the neglect balls is less than seven times the diameter of the heat accumulator spheres. In order to reduce the loss of gas pressure, the channels must be dimensioned as large as possible; one will therefore to a large extent approach this Durchmeeservertaältnis · After Another embodiment, the Durohbruch 20 replaced by a fire resistant wall with holes that performs the same function as the Verechlußkugela.

The generator or generators for hot gas are connected to the annular chamber 12 via one or more lines 18 Connection that open tangentially 1 »the chamber.

The canal connecting the Väraetauecherräuae in The warning exchange chambers A and B consists of several Structures arranged one above the other. fired stäadlgern material * die.a vertical passage for the oa * limit. To a Bruoh this structure because of thermife shear displacements and. because of the release of the inner To avoid tension from the heat, each body consists of several equal sectors, one of which each forms an angular element of the body

The upper structure or component 48 has a truncated cone-shaped outer support wall, which is abatütet over the insulating stones 50 on the plate 44, surrounds and Kr delimits an inner vertical passage that has a ke-

' " BATH

009831/0442

frustum-shaped inlet part that is calibrated to the frustoconical wall part at the bottom of the upper exchanges: Kanuner A connects steplessly, and then merges into a lower cylindrical passage part, -;

The entire connecting channel consists of at least »two structures; the channel according to FIG. 2 is composed of three structures arranged one above the other. The middle structure 52 also has a truncated cone-shaped outer wall and is supported in the middle of this outer wall on a first dome vault 54, which is made up of stones or bricks made of fire-resistant material Heat exchanger part of heated gases that escape from the lower chamber B via the pipe 32 into a Samraelrauia 56 _e whose upper abutment wall is formed by the vault 54

The lower structure or component 58 is finally designed similarly to the middle structure from a second »dome vault 60 made of fire-resistant Stones worn these stones limit BurohladeffhUA * gen 62 for the belSett gases (Figs. 2 and 3) | 04 «öffmagea are through zyliadriaotae holes ia the stones or preferably through opposing recesses formed in the side surfaces of the stones

The TJnLfangeberetcb bears the second domed vault the weight of the upper dome by means of fire-resistant Mare or spacer stones 64, the thickness of which eo is dimensioned so that gas coming out of the passage openings 62 finds a collecting space 56 of sufficient height. This ura catching area rests on a second ring plate 66, which is preferably made of metal and is cooled by circulating water.Bi wide ring plate itself is supported on a framework · The lower heat exchanger chamber B is constructed like the upper chamber "A".

It can be seen that the dome, von.denen Each - independent of the other - structural elements of the connection skanals, as well as dividing the canal structures into sectors avoids high stresses. The cordon the entry channels for the hot Gae alttela one The accumulation of locking spheres, which remain movable against one another, prevents the heat storage spheres from entering to the inlet p-ingkaramer without causing the problems which occur through expansion in solid components

009831/04 * 2

Claims (2)

Patent address - ■ Heat exchanger based on the principle of heat storage in movable, heat-resistant balls, with an upper exchange chamber, in which heating gas entering from a hanging chamber surrounding the lower end of the chamber flows through inlet openings from the bottom to the top, giving off heat to the balls passing through in the counter atmosphere, with a lower exchange chamber _e in which the gas to be heated flows from bottom to top, absorbing heat from the balls, which are heated in countercurrent and heated in the upper exchanger chamber, and with a flat neck-shaped channel that connects the lower end of the upper exchanger chamber below the inlet openings for the heating gas with the lower exchanger chamber, geke η η - ζ ei, c h _{η et by several components (48 4} 52 and 58) made of refractory material, arranged one above the other in the area of the> connecting channel, all of which are in are split up and lie against each other «! the tertiary channel limit ₉ and of which the lowest (58) is supported by a clay connection openings (62) penetrated lower vault (60) and the middle (52) on a second vault: (54), which is arranged above the lower vault is, together so that an output collector for heated gas is limited and a thermal shield as a Schute ^ 009811/0442 for a cooled trough bottom (44) for the refractory walls of the upper exhaust chamber (A) against the action ▼ represents heated gas. 2. Heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that that the inlet openings for the heating gas in the upper Auetauseherkamaer (A) are lines (20), which partially through Heaped balls (46) ron de »Durohaeaser of the balls serving as heat transmitters of larger diameter are clogged, the heaped balls (46) through- ™ running paths limit the diameter of the balls serving as heat exchangers which are below dimensions. 3 »Heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that that the inlet openings for the heating gas in the upper conduit scanner (A) are in a partition made of refractory material penetrating lioher from the surehaesser of the balls serving as Wftrae -transmitters under rising liohts Veite are" . Ö098 31 / O4 42 BATH