DE1583440A1 - Grate arrangement for shaft ovens - Google Patents

Description

RostaoOrder for shaft furnaces

The invention relates to improvements in shaft furnaces and, in particular, to the outlet grate for such units

An equipment commonly found in various industries is a container in which a product flows under the action of gravity and which has an upper feed and a lower outlet having. Such containers can "have" a larger vertical dimension than their cross-sectional dimension corresponds to Usually, such containers are called shaft or vertical furnaces, shaft generators and the like, depending on the type of treatment and the material to be treated. ZUB Coking of coal, burning of magnesite, dolomite, retort treatment of oil slate etc. suitable. The equipment is generally of the kind used for various' *. Treatment types are well known, and usually this includes “in a vertical container, an arrangement for uniform loading of a granular or powdery material across the sides Dimensions of the container, a lower outlet arrangement for the formation of a uniform delivery of the furnace and one arrangement, which serves a stream of the Bshsudkuig koBiiBiiogmittel through the powder

mige

one o'clock ts. 009 8 3 3

run it. The main part of the known arrangement € 0983 ^ / 0311 -. ! ΒΑΛ _Λ « ⁴ ~ t- ^r " - a-

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represented right-angled ovens with relatively small cross-sectional dimensions. Mac also has some circular ovens Shaft furnaces worked, but due to their limited diameter and lack of control of the uniform As the particulate material moves through the furnace, they have not become established in the industry. A major problem with such equipment arises with elevation Cross-sectional dimensions mean that uniform downward movement of the material but the cross-sectional dimension of the furnace from the upper to the lower portion adjacent the outlet end is achieved so that a uniform treatment of all material passing through the furnace is achieved.

One of the tasks underlying the invention is thus to create a device by means of which in a more uniform Way solids are removed from the bottoms of the shaft furnaces, and a uniform η «oh upward movement of the solids on the cross-sectional dimension of some such ovens on the upper end until adjacent to the bottom thereof is reached.

Another object underlying the invention is »an outlet device for shaft ovens of the type su s & affea, that treatment fluids are uniformly distributed through the material moving through the furnace

The invention is exemplified below by reference explained on the attached drawings * Pig. 1 is a partially cut away as ptrepektivieoht attached «Ines AuslaßrostesV d * r in srfinduagsgeaftfit? f * ia * is "Inen Senkreohtofan is angeordiet"

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Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional viewing of in FIG, Auslaßroste shown I _(s.

Mg. 3 is a top plan view of the grate portion of the apparatus after the pig. I.

Pig. Fig. 4 shows enlarged details relating to a seangene order for pressing the material similar to that shown in FIG Host are assigned.

Fig. 5 is a top plan view showing schematically a further embodiment of the grate according to the invention.

6 is an enlarged view showing details relating to FIG a rope of the grate along the line 6-6 according to FIG. 5. Fig. 7 is a diagrammatic top plan view of an ele portion of the Oven grate, which is divided into outlet zones and explains one Determination of the configuration of the push rod »

I ⁵ Ig ₀ 8 is a vertical section through part of the furnace and explains the outer surface caeJa of fig «7»

Fig. 9 shows enlarged details relating to a push rod section and explains the configuration © ine »Segments The rod of ice® ropes of the outlet surface are never shown in Figs. 7 and 8 reproduced «

In general, the orientation according to the direction tends to create a grate or outlet arrangement to remove the material from a vertical sheep, and the arrangement of the flow element closes the flow adjacent to it. des Boö.®h dee Schaftof ena angeord · The Pli © po, Efe © lirer sin4 in a liae ^ x- ^ w pattern sngeord * Aaebild- © o allgeEeia lisesrer AiaslHeae iss © ia © m aym »euster" über "dsa" liittslg. ^. rs.fcrt © d®r Aches das Be-icälters around, Di @ FliepaÄshrer siaa bü & ugeordBei ;,; .. ip Is © or several generally raw-wiaklige AK3lr: ^ ^r ; - ;: £ «ünge *; .'ι.:;: «ώ 3od @ o df.

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Furnaces are formed, each of which extends linearly from one side extends to the other side across the bottom of the furnace. the Flow reversers or Fixeβumlenker lead to openings through which the solids free without bridging between neighboring ones Deflector plates can flow. The deflector plates can be made from be composed of flat plates which are arranged generally horizontally in relation to the axis of a furnace, or the same can consist of two plates which are connected to each other over an angle of less than 180 ° are connected »The angle of each plate is preferably provided with respect to the horizontal so that it is at least as large and preferably larger than is the angle of repose of the maxeral to be treated. There are the Materialftß delaying components arranged under and between the openings, so that the same, however, in one: sufficient distance under the opening, a direct flow of the solids through the opening being delayed and the powdery © material is kept in the oven. Ee are Thrust elements in the tree between the retarder plates and the Deflection plates arranged for a mechanical loosening of the solids resting on the retarder plate, which results in a movement of the material through the furnace. The thrust elements extend completely over the retarder plates and are Arranged so that actuation is in a generally reciprocating manner across the plates, thereby resulting in a "controlled" delivery of the material to the furnace. The geometry the Sohubelemente is · ο provided that "I unite the delivery of" Materials in such a way that the downward movement of the Materialeäuie, which rests over the Auslaßöffaungen and the adjacent baffles, in a uniform manner over the lateral dimension of the furnace takes place.

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The display of the grate is such that a volumetric a Outlet mechanism results and the Schuoelemente control the flow of solids in such a way that egg ob.- a uniform and after downward movement of the materials present in the container over the lateral dimension of the same results. This results in a uniform movement of the solids in the Ratio of the mass of the same to the cross-sectional dimensions of the container * In order to achieve a uniform flow of solids across the lateral dimension of the container, the configuration of the pusher elements is arranged so that the ratio the. Removal of the supported column of material which passes through the outlet opening at each point divided by the height of the thrust element at which point is lent *

The device shown in Figs. 1 to 4 provides a grate for four openings in a circular container. The Invention item, however, also applicable to boats with one or more openings, whereby the number of openings in dam Boat is determined by numerous considerations including the particle size and the size of the furnace. As shown in Fig. 1 bia 4 shown iat a shaft furnace with aenfcreehteo walls 10, the Torzuga manner is circular, but also elliptical or similar ion configurations have kana, with the in illgeaeiner ieiae reproduced by daa Besugaxeiclaen 12 loataaordnangvergang. The furnace wall 10 extends eich moh above bie »u a Torherbeatiaaten height, as eie by the strived for Beaandluag beatiaat is reproduced as a rope deraelben «ur Srlautevosg dea Irfiadaagagegeoatandea let. Dar Ofes kaaa fjit eiaer kegeligea or equiiraleatea lonfiguratioa dea Sodeaa 14 Teraehea aeia, making aioh a single older Aoalap 16

the delivery of feetatoffa results, which duroh the boat 12 009833/0311 bad original - 6 -

step through. In those cases where one wishes to pass a treatment fluid upward through the material into the furnace, an inlet pipe 18 is provided through the wall of the bottom 14 for the entry of a fluid into the interior, namely for one Then move up through the grate and through the material in the furnace Where a fluid is forced into the conical bottom 14 an arrangement must be provided for the removal of the solids through a single opening with a seal so as to allow an exit to prevent the fluid. for such purposes, a star wheel or the like can warden applied.. In many cases, furnaces are for the treatment of the material at elevated! temperatures provided and such furnaces have a wall, the bit a refractory material, etc. ausgekleiiet.

The animal openings shown here have five deflecting or leakage plates a 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24, which result in four generally linear or right-angled openings between the leakage plates. The terminal Ualeakplatten 20 and 24 are adjacent to the wall of the furnace and arranged jade dersel ben sup kreisbogenföraige have a configuration at their Außenseiteckante where the same the wall intersects \ xm so "It is Geοsetrie the wall übereinsuetiseen. These two Ualeakflatttn are also old straight Ianenseitenkantea, the back of a circle, provided, on such a side of the linear opening auasubildea "Sa are angular deflecting plates 21,22" ad 23i "distance from each other over the remaining distance of the furnace aator Aus tildes four openings arranged. Jada dar üalaekpla-st · «21,22 and 23« retreokt sioh vollstejidif About the Of · * oad Ur Raüb iwisohen every pair of neighboring Ualeakflattea valet liaaare

Sides and curved sadaa on, dia with the wall iaa oven

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! 583440

collapse * The deflection plates represent two flat components represent »which are welded together and arranged at an angle» the angle in the two plates should be substantially less than 180 °. The angle between the two panels is usually determined by the angle of repose of the material to be treated, i.e. this angle of the plate in relation to the Horizontal on which the powdery material does not rest, but rather slides off the plate. There where a flat plate is applied as the baffle, a triangular static bed of material will remain over the plate and the cross-sectional area the static bed is equal to half that Width of the baffle multiplied by its height. The height the material becomes powdery due to the angle of repose Material and can be larger than the 60 ° angle · The preferred embodiment consists of the angular deflection plates with the formation of a smooth flow of material into the opening.

The host is arranged so that a column of material with larger Cross-sectional bends as the dimensions of the outlet openings is delivered. Each opening gives off material on a column, which separated by the wall in each end and imaginary planes which extends perpendicularly from the highest point of the baffle plates from extends. In order to obtain a uniform flow of material in the column through the plane vod the highest points of the two baffles and the wall between the intersections of these The highest point of the two baffles and the wall is limited, the material must be over the side dimensions according to move downwards with respect to the column at a uniform speed Pillar given by the levels from the highest

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Points the baffles 21,22 and the wall at each end thereof limited. In a similar way the openings 25 »27 · and 28, between the other baffles, dispense all of the material in the column above. The material in the column is prevented from flowing out of the openings 25 and 28 by means of a retaining plate which is spaced below each of the There are openings. A plate 30 is arranged under the opening 25 and prevents the material from passing through same. The distance with which the plate is present under the opening is generally determined by the size of the material in the Column determined so as to prevent bridging of the material between the bottom plate of the baffle and the retarder plate. Furthermore, the edges of the retardation plate must extend under the baffles so as to allow free flow of material to prevent over the edge in the conical bottom 14. The removal of the edge of the retarder plate under the Deflector plate is determined by the angle of repose of the material.

is .

The retarder plate 3l / arranged under the opening 26 and the

Il

Retardation plate 32 is arranged under the opening 27 and the delay plate 33 is arranged under the opening 28.

In order to achieve a downward flow of material through the furnace, pushrods are provided at each opening for the controlled movement of the material, resting on the retardation plates at such a speed that the column resting over each point of the pushrod descends uniformly Moved across the size of the furnace. As shown in Fig. 3, a column of material carried by the retardation plate 31 between the baffles 21 and 22 is delivered over the edges of the plate 31 through a push rod 41 between the imaginary planes axially of the furnace

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go through the highest points of the two baffles 21 and 22 - carried material must pass through the Oeffnuagea over the edges of the plate 31 pass "In the middle portion of the column is the distance ^w b ^M between the hcöhsten points of the two baffle plates uniform to the highest point of the baffle plate 21 cuts the furnace wall and the height of the pusher element is uniform. At the thrust point of the highest point of the baffle plate or the wall, the width of the column of material decreases up to the intersection of the highest point of the baffle plate 22 and the wall. Where the width of the column is uniform, the height of the push rod is also uniform. Where the width of the column decreases, never, for example, at the point ^H a ^H , the height of the push rod must also decrease, so that the ratio of the width of the column divided by the Keep the height of the push rod constant. Since the wall is arc-shaped at the ends and the push rod must extend up to the wall at all movement points in order to achieve a movement of the material adjacent to the Waad, the push rod must continue to fit into a recess 63 at one end and one Extension 64 as the opposite end, see Hg * 4rerst grain. Since the ends of the lifting rod are thus in the Aueaehmuug, the pusher element is close to the wall at all movement positions a gate "and the material along usd adjacent to the Waad is moved through the opening, as in de" .Material in the middle of the scraper rod · is the case. Who is to be calibrated so that the width of the vtterial column is well pushed over any place, is the height d2? Staage T © räadert _s um ®o the Mf f tr «as la the isu moving the material see below.

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Me push rods «earth» in the opening between the baffle plates Moved on the retardation plates Mn and forth. The one in the Pig. 1 to 4 host shown with four openings For example, the push rod 41 is connected to the push rod 40 Piston rods 42 and 43 connected. The piston rods are driven by motors 44 and 45 to perform a movement of the thrust » rods operated in the openings. At de? opposite Side of the push rods 46 and 47 are the same by means of rods 51 and 52 which are operated by motors 48 and 49. In one embodiment, the motors can be hydraulic motors that provide reciprocating motion to the push rods convey · In other designs, air motors be seen for conveying the movement of the gate rods. Rotary motors working with eccentrics can also be used in the same way be provided »It is, however, a reciprocating motion moving motor seen, because it is easier to control and change of the working stroke of the rods can be achieved in order to change the movement of the material flow through to achieve the oven »Di« actuating motor can of course in the furnace be placed in any suitable location, • The height of the push rod multiplied at a special® point with the surface on the retardation plate, the same exercises moved, represents the volume of the moved at that point Material represents. As the area, practice? I moved the rod 41 uniformly across the dimension la't »leads to the change in the Height of the rod to @iner Volai & eOT®rän <lerULng de »moved material

Small adjustments can be made to the height of the lift lever του represents sm place to be carried out, u »so appropriate To achieve compensation for the type of solids to be dispensed, specifically by means of brackets or the like

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may be required to deaclose the mechanism to convey sufficient mechanical strength. the Retardation plates can be arranged so that adjustable distances from the deflection plates result, so that On-site adjustments to the Eostes can be made by changing the position of the retardation plates will. In the manner shown, the thrust elements rest on the flat and, for economic reasons, they should have hardened guides that slide in the retardation plates. The thrust elements can, however, also be arranged on bolts or the like aein, so does the movement of the same over the deceleration plates · The host shown in Figures 1 through 4 with four openings is suitable for ovens with a large diameter « The two middle push elements have a long, uniform one Height and a middle section with tapered ends on " The two outermost pusher elements must however from the middle to tapering at the ends due to the curvature of the wall, which changes with the width of the column of material carried and here the curvature begins from the center of the opening from. Thus, regarding, the distance between the uppermost point of the inner deflection parts 21 and 23 and the wall from the, center point around the intersection of this highest point with on the wall a progressive decrease. Thus the upper edge of the push rod in a general arc shape and follows the formula, according to which the distance between the wall and the highest point of the inner deflectors by the height of the The thrust element divided results in a constant ratio. When applying the configuration of the additional thrust elements generally have the configurations of those shown for the two inner openings of the grate

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are. So an Eost with five openings would be a middle one Schubefement are applied that have a uniform height has practically completely over its dimension, with only there are slightly tapered ends. If the number of openings is reduced, however, there is a substantial one Changing the configuration of the push rods or wings.

As in the Pig. 5 to 9, a grate with two openings is provided for an oven and the height of the push rod must change from the middle to the ends in a mood with this formula. In the schematic diagram according to FIG. 5, a furnace 70 is provided with a heat which has two openings 71 and 72 in which a push rod is arranged. A baffle, indicated generally by the reference numeral 73, is positioned centrally with respect to the furnace and on either side thereof are opposed side baffles 74L and 74R. The shape of the baffle 73 is angular, but an upper piece is provided which allows a fluid such as grass to be forced into the granular material. In this case, the baffle has plates 75 and 76 which are angled together to form a highest point are connected. The highest point is covered by the raw plates 78 and 79, which are connected to one another to form angular plates with an approximate configuration of the plates 75 and 76 with a highest point 77. Bs are a plurality of spacer plates 80 and 81 spaced from one another along the upper side of the plates 75 and 76, provided for supporting the upper plates. The angle between the two sets of plates, ie 75-76 and 78-79, is such that the angle of each plate from the horizontal is at least as large and preferably greater than the angle of the rubble of the material

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igt so that no material gets stuck in the furnace due to the baffles. The side baffles 741 'and 74R are positioned in place and supported therein by supports 82 in the otherwise conventional manner. A retardation plate 85 is arranged under the opening 72 (between the edges 74a and 76a of the two baffles 741 and 74S) and a retardation plate 86 is arranged under the other outlet opening 71. There are push rods 88 and 89 arranged in the openings 72 and 71 in order to move the material resting on the retardation plates into the floor of the furnace in the manner explained further. The Diagrams According to the Pig. 7, 8 and 9 show the change in the shape of the push rod in relation to the amount of material to be moved in order to create a uniform flow of material in the column which extends over the outlet opening. As shown in Figure 7, imaginary columns of equal width are shown in part of the furnace to illustrate the changing dimensions that must be taken into account in configuring the push rod. Thus, the column "G" has one end along the wall 70 and the other at the highest point 77 of the baffle 73. This area is larger than the neighboring area H, due to the curvature of the edge and "H" is greater than "1", etc. down to the area "Β * · The area reduction and thus the volume of the column» the planes extend upwards extending at right angles to the boundaries of the surface decreases along the curvature of wall 70. Thus, the amount of material in each column (but the hoop opening remains constant up to surface ¹¹ O ¹ *) and the amount of material moving through the push rod Mu are reduced the column also decreases from the center to the edge. The formula given above, according to which the width of the column at any point

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along the push rod divided by the height of the push rod at this point is a constant, is used to determine the configuration of the push element If the column crosses at any point, the height of the push rod can easily be determined at this point. After the pig. 9, the location ' ¹ H' ^{1 represents} the effective center point of the pillar surface of the material acted on by the thrust element, and the height "H" of the effective height in the center of the surface, showing the average value between the edges, is determined from the constant and the average width of the surface ^M W "is determined according to fig. 9. The width ^N W ^{M of} each surface is uniform in the diagram for the purposes of calculation. If the push rods are arranged adjacent to a baffle on the furnace wall, the configuration is generally circular from end to end, and with regard to the grate with two openings shown in Fig. 5, both push rods have arcuate upper openings As shown in Figures 1 to 4, if there are more than two openings, the thrust element a middle part with a uniform height and tapering sods, in all cases the ends of the pushing element extend into a recess in the furnace wall, which results in a movement of material adjacent to the wall.

The in fig. 6 including the upper baffle shown Part is provided with a number of openings 90 and 91, the in distance About the dimension of the lower angular plate are designed so that the fluid flows upwards into the

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o The part or hood around the lower edges and into the Bed of material can flow in the furnace. This, of course, represents a suitable arrangement for the pressing of a fluid into the material bed at its bottom part, in contrast to the introduction of the fluid through the openings in the remainder. The fluid can be forced in under the baffle by means of pipes leading through the wall to the Underside of the baffles are performed. There where flat plates used as Abienk plates instead of the angular plates be, as well as one wants to press fluid into the beds, put perforated pipes or the like., The under the plates - present »an arrangement for the pressing of the fluid into the bed. Also the height of the neighboring deflecting parts can be changed and the baffles and retaining plates can be staggered in the furnace to make certain To meet working conditions.

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Claims (13)

Claims 1. Grate arrangement for Schsfttöfen, characterized in that there is a series of spaced apart baffles extending from one side to the opposite Side of the wall of the shaft furnace or cylindrical component extend and at least one substantially right-angled opening over the lower end of this component result in the right-angled The opening is limited by the straight edges of the baffle plates extending generally along the chords of the cylindrical member and the wall thereof, a das Material-bearing plate under and at a distance from each of these Openings, of which at least one is provided, is present and the edges thereof extend below the edge of each baffle so as to make a space therebetween longitudinally more perpendicular Lines to prevent a shear arrangement in the space between the baffles and the (support plate «», the thrust assembly the wall at both ends and at movement parts in the right-angled opening, the shear arrangement is arranged in this way is that the same is a uniform amount of material in increments variable over their length in relation to the volume material in every component at every increment changing position moved on the thrust assembly and an assembly for the back and forth. . Forward movement of the thrust assembly provided over each support plate is. 009833/0311 BAD ORJGSNAL 2. Eos tau order according to claim 1, dad arch characterized in that .The ends of the thrust assembly in recesses in the wall of this Component extend. 3. Eost arrangement according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that that there are push rods in the space between adjacent baffles and each support plates extend »the ends of the push rods have a progressively decreasing height and into the recesses so that the same in complete contact with the material to be supported in the tubular component during a reciprocating movement the push rods stand and serve to provide a unified, self amount of material varying in increments along the push rods in relation to the amount of material carried for the delivery at each incrementally changing length part the push rod, as well as an arrangement for the back and forth Forward movement of the push rods provided via the support plate is. 4. Eoetordnung according to claim 3 »characterized in that five baffles are provided, the four openings between show yourself. 5. Eostan order according to claim 3 »characterized in that three baffles are provided, which have two openings between them. 6. Eost arrangement according to claim 4 »characterized in that the push rods for two openings are combined with one another and the other two push rods are united with each other. 7. Tubular component with a vertical wall and ice vertical axis and a grid arrangement adjacent to the lower one Edge same, characterized / that at least one 009833/0311 '. - 3 - BATH Opening and a delay plate adjacent to and below this opening is present, via the Xanten, the material for the delivery from the tubular component is pressed, with one Push rod assembly is present in at least this one opening in the grate and above the delay plate, the rod one has a perpendicular configuration, each point of which is determined by the constant ratio of the material in the column that is dispensed at this point, divided by the height of the pushrod assembly, and an assembly for reciprocating Movement of the push rod assembly is provided in the opening. 8. Component according to claim 7 »characterized in that at least a portion of each of the ends of the push rod assembly has a decreasing height from the center towards the ends. 9. Component according to claim 7, characterized in that at least a portion of each of the ends of the push rod assembly circularly toward the ends with a height less than the center of the Rod runs. 10. Component according to claim 7 »characterized in that the Push rods angled along their upper edge tfoa the middle from to the ends of which are present, the ends have a height less than ^: & the middle have a. \ 11. Cylindrical, vertical shaft device for treatment Official material bit a »host, the ia de · shaft furnace> related to the lower »Sade is available, the Rosta order is characterized in that it consists of the following components! (a) transversely i * distance from each other, practically parallel Material deflecting parts that are at least practically right-angled Form material delivery opening between themselves » 009833/0311 _BÄD Cb) a material carrier, d he in the Abstanesvahältnis to and each of the material dispensing openings is present, the carrier on each side of each opening via a vertical one extending downward protrusion of the edges of the deflector parts, Cc) pusher elements arranged in each dispensing opening and extend alongside this,, and Cd) an arrangement for the reciprocating movement of the pusher elements across the dispensing opening so as to remove an amount of material from the carrier that is equal to the sum of the incremental volume of the material moved by the pusher elements during each push is equal to each incremental volume the length of the transverse thrust of the thrust elements times the Incremental length along the sliding parts times the height of the arrangement of thrust elements at each incremental length is where the height is the pusher element has a constant ratio to the width of the material column, measured across the side of the discharge opening, which is supported for delivery through this opening. 12. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that the sliding elements in each dispensing opening above the carrier for the delivery of the material from this carrier are provided, each push element a rod at least of the maximum width the opening in which it is attached and along the side to the dispensing opening and movable transversely to the opening present, the height of the push rod to each sparks along their Length a constant ratio to the width of the column's Material at the point that crosses the opening is measured, the column through the deflectors for the purpose of delivering the Material is carried through the opening. Ö09833 / 031 1. 5 _ . .. "'■ ■'" ■■ "BAD ORiUiH ^ L 13. Eo stauordu ung according to claim 3 »characterized» that each push rod movable to and fro over each support plate is arranged parallel to the edges of the baffles 009833/03 11 BATH ORIGINAL ZA Blank page