DE1574135A1 - Arrangement for determining the behavior of spectators at an event, e.g. during a theater performance - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to data processing devices and in particular on devices for automatic detection, representation, separation and recording audience behavior toward anything. The investigation or evaluation of audience behavior in relation to a performance or in relation to to have a consumable prior to commercial manufacture as a result of high costs, which are ultimately associated with a production or a pro-bukt have become increasingly important. From the large number of the problems that arise with such evaluations are the most unpleasant perhaps in that audience quickly, easily and preferably automatically in specific To subdivide subgroups, so that the reactions of these subgroups, -an that the performance or the product is often aimed at can be evaluated. For every given performance or any given product - it may e.g. B. be appropriate, that audience in subgroups based on age, educational level, gender, etc. disassemble. Around. now on the one hand a full statistical analysis as well on the other hand, in order to obtain a reference quantity, it is further generally desirable the overall reaction of the audience in addition to the reactions of the various Evaluate subgroups. The display of the overall reaction of the audience can then be compared to the response of any subgroup and if there is a subgroup whose reaction for one or the other. reason Probably should be extrapolated, the influence of these subgroups on the overall response can be determined.

Early evaluation systems included audience applause and laughing noise measuring devices, many of which are still used today in "Life" performances. These Systems have been found to be inadequate in three ways: 1. One Subgroup analysis was not possible; 2. Reactions such as fear, disgust or indecision were not measurable; 3. The system is deceiving if one is either above or below average demonstrative audience is examined. Later audience response systems tried to remedy at least some of the above deficiencies by using the Let audience fill out questionnaires. Because the questionnaires are often at the end of a performance are filled out, they give a picture in retrospect and thus lose their momentary value. All of these reaction systems also suffer from the disadvantages of being unwilling to work or confused members of the audience as well as difficulties that arise as a result Stop fatigue and illegible handwriting. All of this leads to statistical Mistakes. Although subgroup analysis is possible with this system, that is Tabulation de-analysis necessarily extremely slow, relatively complex and therefore of little. Efficiency. -Other systems- for. determination the audience reaction included electrical devices for measuring and recording Audience reaction. The majority of these systems, however, have no subgroup record and only measures the average reaction of the audience. These systems suffer from the disadvantages of all averaging systems such as B. .the above-mentioned noise detection systems; further they lack the possibility - one Subgroup analysis. As nicely mentioned, the ability of an audience response system to hash to analyze any of many subgroup responses in modern ones Reaction systems of vital importance. In addition to this The resulting versatility must also ensure statistical accuracy.

In the few of the known electrical systems that do a subgroup analysis the audience must either be judged by eye or by questionnaire whereupon the desired subgroups are divided up by hand, in general through-complicated connections on a plug board, as they are in the telephone exchange be used. Such a process is inherently unreliable - and confusing and leads. thus, among the inevitable human errors that the statistical Destroy accuracy. Perhaps the main disadvantage of such a system is in-the delay that occurs when the evaluation devices open the evaluation to get prepared. This delay causes an annoyance among the audience Feeling and confusion about what was on his part to a lack of cooperation leads, be it intentionally or unintentionally. With a comprehensive rating system this lack of cooperation is of course fatal for the statistical accuracy, since a maximum effectiveness of subgrouping is desired.

The object of the invention is thus to create a public reaction system, with which the reactions of a single member, of any combination of divided subgroups or the entirety of the audience with an optimal Degree of statistical accuracy can be evaluated.

A closely related task is to do this both automatically and automatically also to be carried out with maximum versatility in the subgroup division.

Another closely related task is to do a statistical Carry out subgroup analysis easily and inexpensively. Another job lies in the monitoring of the entire audience or sub-groups of the audience, to identify missing, confused or unwilling members of the audience and easy to replace or exclude from evaluation to the statistical Ensure accuracy.

In accordance with the solution to these problems lies a feature the invention in the use of category or row cards, the are perforated and information about the person or category of each member a given group of the audience, e.g. B. a number included. The cards will then pushed into card or selector switches that are an integral part of the whole Reaction system are to simple, inexpensive and automatic reactions of the divided To deliver subgroups as well as the entire audience.

A second feature of the invention is the versatility with which the through the ticket counter "sifted" reactions of the members of the subgroup categories can be evaluated either individually or as a whole.

Another feature of the invention resides in the manner in which a visual indication of the number of selected audience members within each subgroup can be achieved, so that when a display that a certain Subgroup only a statistically insufficient number of selected audience members contains, members of a standby audience easily and with minimal possibility of error can be used instead of the selected audience members. The statistical This ensures the integrity of the system.

Yet another characteristic is in the ability and scope of application of the subgroup device to check the overall system without doing this additional and expensive test equipment becomes necessary. The check is simple and inexpensive. in that an inductor and a diode in the Circuit inserted with each evaluation device of each member of the selected audience is interconnected.

Yet another characteristic lies in the way in which the total or the summarized reaction of the audience is recorded, and in the ease with which the reaction of the audience to a certain event can be determined leaves. Another characteristic lies in the ease with which a particular one Lets identify a member of the audience who is temporarily absent or their reaction is of interest, be it because that member is confused or unwilling to cooperate is, or be it because it is overly demonstrative. Other tasks and Features of the present invention will become apparent upon consideration of the following detailed description, if this in conjunction with the accompanying characters. nations is taken.

FIG. 2A shows the overall division of the audience measuring devices on the members of the audience, the upstream connections of these devices with the handle fields for the selected audience and those on standby, and the distribution of the outputs of these jack fields to the circuits of the others Characters. Figure 1B shows an audience response device.

Figure 1C shows the circuitry associated with each jack on the jack field heard of Figure 1A.

Figure 2A is a schematic representation of the diode array leading to belongs to each jack on the selected jack field of Figure 1A.

Figure 2B shows the switching system and the single-phase recording devices, which are connected to the outputs of the jack panel of Figure 1A.

Figures 2C and 2D show the card switch and the associated one Card used to automatically subdivide the audience into the desired subgroups serves.

Figure 3A is a switching and recording system used to monitor the response any of the desired subgroups or a collection of desired subgroups can be recorded.

Figure 3B illustrates the system for determining both the total number of audience members as well as the number of audience members in any one desired group or subgroup combination.

FIG. 3C shows the AND-OR circuit which is used in FIG. 3B can. Figure 4A is a block diagram of the counting and recording system for the measured values taken from the public.

Figure 4B is a schematic diagram showing the wiring of the voltage controlled switch from Figure 4A.

Figure 4C is a schematic circuit diagram of the select and hold circuit from FIG. 3B and the controlled one and tens silicon rectifier circuits from Figure 4A.

Figure 5A shows a system with which the evaluated displays the occurrence of events during the performance in the summarized recording of Figure 4A can be entered.

Figure 5B shows a system with which an absent, an overly demonstrative, a confused or non-cooperative member of the audience quickly and can be easily determined.

Figure 6 is a block diagram of the system of the present invention. At It should be noted at this point that the first digit of a reference symbol in each Figure of the drawings is assigned to a specific component, the designation of those Corresponds to the figure in which this component first appeared. Figure 1A shows the overall distribution of the audience rating devices on each member of the watching audience and the pre-wired connections between these devices and a pre-wired jack panel on a control or Data collection center. Figure 1B of the drawing shows the front of the evaluation device, given to each member of the audience. The evaluation device is not more than one patentiometer mounted in a housing 123 that is in its Shape is adapted to the human hand so that it fits comfortably in the palm of the hand. The wiper of the potentiometer is mechanical with an indicator or a pointer 122 connected, which is adjusted by hand by each member of the audience that so that it records or evaluates its reaction. The reactions can be on anyone suitable subjective evaluation scale with the information "very boring", "boring", “not mal”, “good” and “very good” are displayed, however, as they are in FIG. 1B shown for illustration only.

W can be IE of Figure 1A seen, the potentiometers are in any arbitrary group such. B. all the potentiometers. Licher people in each row of the audience with their grinders in parallel and in series with the entire network connected to a common DC voltage source 100 via pull-out resistors Re. Each group in turn contains any number of individual dimensioning devices, such as those used, for. B. in Figure 1A in group 101 with the potentiometers 110, 112, 114 to 150 are shown. There are a number of selected audience groups, which can also have any number of audience members, as shown in Figure 1A by groups or rows 102 and 103 and potentiometers 110, 112, 114-150. For reasons that will be explained below, it is further desirable to have at least one on-call group of audience members 104 available, which can also have any number of members, as indicated by the potentiometers 110, 112, 114 to 150 in FIG Standby group 104 is shown in Figure 1A. The balancing resistors Rc are required to electrically balance the potentials occurring at each potentiometer group, so that the voltages tapped off are the same for all potentiometers for a given subjective setting. It should also be pointed out that despite the representation of potentiometers as an exemplary embodiment which provides a variable output voltage in accordance with the subjective assessment of each individual member of the public, any other of many similar devices can be used in place of these potentiometers without having to do so departing from the nature and scope of the invention.

The taps 111, 113, 115 to 151 of each evaluation device 110, 112, 114 through 150 is in each of the selected audience groups 101, 102 and 103 in turn via cables 120, 121, 130 and 160 to individual jacks on a pre-wired one Jack panel 161 connected. The evaluation devices 110, 112, 114 to 150 the standing by audience group 104 are via a cable 160 to the associated jacks connected in a pre-wired jack field 162. To get out For reasons that have yet to be explained, the information on the category cards is easier to be able to refer to the evaluation procedures, can the arrangement the handles on fields 161 and 162 correspond to the seating arrangement of the audience, with each seat and thus each latch having a characteristic, d. H. once only wear existing number. To simplify this arrangement, the handle fields 161 and 162 for the selected audience and those on standby Train the audience so that the horizontal rows of handles z. B. the seat numbers and the vertical rows of pawls correspond to the row numbers. As those from the evaluation devices cable coming from the audience on the back of the jack fields to the jacks are preceded, the front sides of the latch fields are completely free of Plug cords and a member of the on-call audience can quickly and simply plugged in instead of a member of the selected audience with a minimal chance of error, as described below is explained in detail In addition, several switches can be used, to simplify the looping in of other input signals, such as B. of classification data for the subgroup information. That ease, simplicity and greater versatility represents a noticeable improvement compared to the crowded and regular handle fields that has been the case up to now in audience reaction systems, in which a subgroup analysis was wanted, considered necessary.

As stated earlier, it is to ensure a statistical Accuracy desired to have a ready audience available. If z. B. a member of a selected audience of 100 people, what number one to the club Selected leasing of the statistical calculation, so that one can calculate directly in percentages, for a moment the audience for the purpose Having to leave a rest room, an error of one percent is introduced. If five people have to leave, the error increases to five percent, and so on. A mistake is also made by unwilling to cooperate, by being confused, by reading ignorant, and so on audience members introduced. To turn this off The reaction measuring system according to the invention makes it possible to ensure sources of error A member of the standby audience instead of a member of the selected one Public without any of these two people saying anything about it learns. As will be explained in detail below, the present one feels Invention also absent, unwilling to cooperate, confused or ignorant of reading Members of the audience and again without their knowledge, so that a member of the on-call audience can be used instead. This exchange takes place quickly and easily with the help of a standard telephone exchange cabinet, such as B. with the help of the cord 125, which from the latch 171 of the latch field 162 of the standby audience to the jack 142 on the jack field 161 for the selected Audience is plugged, with the latter Klinkech.s absent or for cooperation represents unwilling audience member. This exchange charges at minimal Carry out chance of error quickly and easily, since the latch fields, as stated above are free of any cords between the terminals of evaluation devices on a jack field to the corresponding connections on a sub-group jack field tense are.

The mechanics of the cords described above, with which a song of the audience on standby is set for a song of the selected audience, can easily be seen with reference to FIG. 1C, which is representative of the type and manner in that such an exchange takes place. : Iie can be seen from the reference numerals in the dash-dot blocks, the pawl in the dash-dot block on the left in Figure 1, the latch 1112 for the selected audience, while the pawl in the dash-dot block on the right side of the pawl 171 for represents the audience standing by. The cord 195 connects these Klir ken. The cable 124 connects the pickup of the potentiometer of the evaluation device 123 from FIG. 1B with the normally closed contact 135 .. of the pawl 142. The spring contacts 128 and 129 of the pawl 142 are connected via the parallel connection =, the coil 125 and the diode 126 connected with each other. Under normal conditions, ie in the absence of a path, such as 195, the audience reaction signal is transmitted from the normally closed contact 135 via the parallel connection of the coil 195 and the diode 126 to the spring contact 128 and then through the isolating resistor 136 to the output cable 1, ` 31, 182 and 183 and via the normally closed contact 127 to the output ;; cable 18) 1.

.Renn the cord 195 is inserted, the spring contact 146 is the Readiness pawl 171 through contact 189 A via cable 189 to the evaluation device a member of the "willing audience." connected. To the At the same time, the spring contact 145 becomes A via the cable 188 through the contact 111 connected to a standby card or a selector switch, which automatically determines into which of the desired subgroup categories the member of the standby audience AM, as follows in connection with the reactions of the selected Audience members is explained.

When the plug of the cord 195 is plugged into the pawl 112, the arteit contacts 127 and 135 are interrupted. Thus, the circuit is separated from the input of the evaluation device of the undesired selected audience member through the normally closed contact 135 from each of the data storage circuits which are connected to all output cables 181, 182, 183 and 184. when the cord plug is inserted into the latch 171 c: the audience standing by is closed in a circle. Gien springs 145 and 146 to the normally open contacts connected to cables 188 and 189. The evaluation device and the information about the category of the member of the audience on standby are thus connected via the cord 195 instead of the absent or undesired hit song of the selected audience. The tension representing the rating of the member of the on-call audience is thus determined by the rating device via the cable 189 by the spring 146, the cord 195, the spring 129, the parallel connection of the coil 125 and the diode 126, by the springs 9.28 and the Transfer resistor 136 to output cables 181, 182, 183. The rated voltage is also determined by the cable. 189,. About the Working contact 1c c A, via the ttederl: nntal.t Iil @ on the. feather- contact 12 (1 of the r: left 142 crossed over the cord 195, through the parallel connection of the coil 125 and the diode 126, which the Pawl 1421 to [-eot ° (inet are, through the Federl: ontal: t 12und Tiber hie;: chnur 1t; 5 on the spring contact 145 of the ,, left 171 and through den1?;? A via the Kahel 1H on the preparation shank card or the -rlilsci, dude. Der Auszanr- des: Jählschal- ters is at the ticket office of the ausf-et! i'-l-ilteri audience Fn = ° e- sc: ilo-; sen,; here .lies is explained below v: ird. ,: s be not only the e: #. ertun # N, but also the sub- l: la @ seninfcr: .atic @ rl a ..: @: it: - song of the: ereitsciiaftspublikur: s <in this io'eise #Jby the use of a -.it- ,; lieci this out-errl: i: ltel: faLlil: u @ a eir:, - esetzt; rir: i. %; in: i, .ierst @ nd 1. ' A reit r.ie:iri-er: - 'derstanci lie-t zr; ischen der :: ülse Bund der: Federkontakt 12 ^ a der:; l inr; .e 1 "2 in figure 1 C.: - in similar; @; iderstand: Fit rerir:, - he lmpeeäanz, der: - :, der- S` 4:? n # 7 171 -1-, lier: t also v.:ischen-der. ._: fl3e 171 h and de-: Ar:> e-tsl # orital: t 1-9 : i. Before exchanging a = e ': ° rtun-svor-' ric: itui @ - 1 @ J one :: i @ .iedes des from @ -e "': t: l' Fiten? u :: 1` ne-_en an assessment unit; - an "idt-lie es from the: ere-.t- community audience: for example, the case may arise, -Yes. "- 2 die Betaertun # -svorric: itunr des Schonc: laf tsriill, li l: ums in c? Er S te; .- 1 unr; "very does" is written. #ileichzeitit; could be the one to be replaced : ber: ertuii, "svorrichtun; ^ des ausrev; L '' - lllten audience to 'very long- i: eiiir; "a: ° be set. Cnter #, this i; #: at @ .nden #: ürde der An the cord 1 ° 5 at the tip of the stopper the r: ülse cause a short circuit. The arrangement £ = the, -Iider- if 138 A and 171 _E are permitted, a record is pending to connect the sleeve section to check an individual. These resistors prevent a short circuit whenever the cords are plugged in or pulled out. Since the resistances only have low values, they do not noticeably influence the potential of the signal.

As Figure 1 A of the drawing shows, contains the output of the jack field 161 four cables, namely cable 181, the one to the diode matrix shown in FIG. 2A 200 is connected; the cable 182 connected to the recordings shown in Figure 2B connected; the cable 183 which connects to a normal main curve sheet or a composite recorder 106 is connected, each compatible Record can act and the cable 184 connected to the card switch shown in Figure 2C connected. All of the circuits of Figures 2 A, 2 D, 2 C and 2 D will be in the following explained in detail and individually.

Although an upstream latch field is shown in Figure 1 A, can this be replaced by similar Einrichtuniren such. 3. by a rotary switch, a crossbar switch or a connector panel.

Each pawl of the pawl field from Figure 1 A has a special one Conductors in the cable 181 connected to a particular diode matrix 200 as they are is shown in Firur 2 A.

In order to facilitate the description: M, only the one is shown in FIG. 2 Matrix described, which is connected to a single conductor that carries out the reaction of a member of the audience represents. However, be on it pointed out that each jack in the jack field of the selected audience one with it connected conductor (upstream), which in turn via the cable 181 is connected to a certain diode matrix that is identical to de = _ enigen represented by diodes 201, 202, 203 and 204 in Figure 2A.

The diode matrix from FiFur 2 A is basically a gate circuit gathers four diodes, in which the anodes of each diode 201, 202, 203 and 204 are connected together to a point, which in turn is connected to a positive potential source via a relatively high resistance 205 connected. This potential source can be any available multiple potential source, such as the source 100 from FIG. 1A. The cathode of the diode 201 is connected via a specific conductor in the cable 181 to a specific left of the circuit Connected to the audience, as previously explained, while the cathode of the diode 202 is connected to the base of the transistor 207 which is used to compensate for the resistances. The collector of the transistor 207 is connected to a positive potential source, e.g. B. to the multiple source 100. The emitter of the transistor 207 is connected via a resistor 208 to a negative potential source, which can also be the multiple potential source 100, for example. The emitter electrode of the transistor 207 is connected via an output conductor 206 to the voltage-controlled switch from FIG. 4 and the cathode ray tubes from FIG. 5'B, as will be explained in detail below. The cathodes of the diodes 203 and 2011 are connected to a main sampling counter which contains a tens counter and a units counter. This counter can be one that is f7ezet in @ `ir-ur 5 of a registration of the same applicant. For the purposes presented here, the outward journey is sufficient, since the cathode of the diode 203 is connected to a ten rail, such as the ten rail 1114 of the meter from FIG from Figure 5 of the same application could be attached. The main scanning counter, like the counter from the other application, should be able to apply a pulse train in order to activate all of the diode matrices one after the other. At this point, it seems sufficient, as also discussed in that application, that the Fzauptabtastzähler has a clock (Figure 8) which drives the sampling counter so that for each song of the selected audience at least one Pulse is supplied. The sampling counter and clock contain stop and reset features, which will be discussed in detail below.

Since the number of diode arrays corresponds to the number of pawls of the selected audience, the main scanning counter is then required to deliver a number of subsequent pulses, each pulse corresponding to the seat number of each member of the selected audience. A combination of the tens and ones signals is required for each seat under 100. Figure 2A illustrates a case where only one hundred (0 to 99) selected audience members are desired for a particular study. If, however, a selected audience with more old If 100 members are to be examined, the counter can be used easily by adding an identical hundred and by adding a third diode, the diodes 203 and 2011 is similar to expanding the diode array 200. ardently one would marry; if you have an audience of the order of magnitude nunl °, from thousands of Iliti27ongs wishes. Usual handshake This could then be done by someone who has a certain has the ability to practice the matrices that are not needed bridges, e.g. ::. on a rainy evening, if only a little Number of people come to the show or always when only a small audience is to be monitored. ': #b yourself from the following discussion ;. results, the clock and the: iaul: tab key counter in the same!: eise @ ^ e @ can be changed. Since the cathode of the diode 2, _ = 1 norr: aierweise via a conductor in the i: abel 1: 1 to a certain Klide on the :: Klinkenfeld for the selected audience is connected and from there on a certain evaluation device, - one ': it.-song of the : -ei: if the audience is, the one at the :: athode of the diode is nende pannun7 .-- nz close to ': asse, potential. In general the cathode has a positive potential. The exact :: ert depends of the subjective movement through the individual: '_ it - song dies Audience. That on the cathodes of the diodes 2 '## 3 and 204 emerging potential is - in general - less positive than that Potential that goes from the positive source via the;, 'iders; and 205 at the r; er @ lonely connection of the anodes of modes 203 and 204 is placed so that these diodes conduct normally. read The potential at the cathode of diode 202 is in towards the P c ter @ tial at the .gemeinsar: en Ahncdenelectrcde n:, r- Sometimes positive, so d? ° this diode ncrnaler, e; eise not 'a- tet. While the attast counter 'counts' one after the other, Werder. üiode matrices activated one after the other when a tens and egg nersigral, which corresponds to the respective matrix will. -in the illustrated iliatrix 200 beY; the addition-: enfa1- len the tens and ones signals, daA the diodes 2 ^; and 204 are biased in the reverse direction and do not lead hehr. Lies, for its part, ensures that the potential at the pure connection of the anodes of säntlichen: deaths at a potential which is more positive than the potential that is attached to the Cathodes of the diodes 201st and 202 occurs. Since the size of the the cathode of the diode 202 occurring potential from the loading Depends on the rating by the relevant audience member, is the The size of the current flowing through this diode is a measure of the Audience reaction. The current flow through the diode 201 changes in turn changes the magnitude of the current flow through the diode 202 in such a way that a signal is transmitted which the rating by the audience and via the diode matrix is applied to the base of the emitter follower transistor 207. The transistor 207 is thus activated by the output signal from each that of the diode matrices 200 is biased and in turn causes that an output signal appears on conductor 206. 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VG.J des 3J 3rd is, which hold e »:; äignale der ... rzr? r @ e @: abl @ nz: f:.;: iitglieder, to record to a .-r "=" l of the ver: @endent Schreiher is increased: Z, .reit3 ., i the accuracy of the transmission through the whole or one of the system for detecting errors cri: ~: .r @; ls? c ° hen easily determined by inserting a c ° at the entrance and a clerk at the exit of the the GF. # advises connected ': n is and then the accuracy measures, finite that the second writer to the first. Scribe hrr A .... @ J ... # ° r. Yy_t g. # r ' z; # "a -Ä f) .ta # > r '1 <t Jl. A. 'J F #. A #J ii @ #ur h '2r Z (3inung cri .j % # >': i i f .. -r-, i en kan.S, #,) i r r u. .. _. n for z rs , '.). Ä.r: 3 l ' :. i : ih ! . v .. ( YV: 1: i @ i '% A` # lnhnel.J LJ Voll T #: # , a: i = ri.n # "syi o n # ta ' n g 4z- f ge' r7 rr: r #: ä,. > .. =;; r, niger a ## r # .. ## _ #, unw: itv =:.:; @ - r . # _; Inside r; i ": arg -, iüeh_; e 1 '3 er I: in- ': @: °; @h,. ... .. _ '4 p.' Y @: iinr: "afi.T" i 1 j 1 l @ 2 in -Yes without r] abei 4i 'ne n "' ret ' 7l; nZ'1: r. -1 "'i, i, #.') Ie" z c vi, r i tE'1 , 3n 1r --rörtF: r;:, - i r1E: n. , .. r # ..: r #; i` -n # -># f- is las cn- # äl ti #? a: # jßdn #A :: r - Cr .3 h # ,. 7t..a @, #_ Q61 ang--, ehlos-en 'a.3 i' -! * I -, - 1 f ": r,: n i -1 - n in = @ r Z f; '@ zr.i; ten Kart: @ n #: chalt2 # -r 240: jn-a- ". -'4G, sneeze r; @. rt @ ar.:, ch @ .l #, rrs .- #, rrs : -1t, 1 can,: @ 1iÄJ: .7 @ n first 1 .: Kart - n c; . .. f_F @ v, r j he, proc :: en: rerde: @, "the #lie I: iforma.tion überc-r -3i: k @ .tegorie trag, # ri, 1-11: - diwdes: '. artr> n.scha @ .tr.r x @ tr; @iv: n. : his typical card, lie zuri: Nifzaichnen b:, t: i @ hrater Perl #, lnr; aben @; erx @ s; aitglitedes the dcs audience in a given Group, for example of a row, for rJ :: te @ '@ = @ zj j @ pnz: #ecke vnr- :: anit: '; can earth, airl in Fijis 2C, e: @e ik- t. Uli: here mentioned xrurtie, Is e3 at raer sta.t istiachen carrion evaluation of the often desires the members to divide the audience into certain sub-groups. to the accumulated data effective = -, evaluate. At the same time It is desirable that a maximum of personal information tion about every member of the audience is achieved to a to allow maximum subdivision into subgroups. This personal information should be recorded in as simple a form as possible to enable optimal usability and ease of use. The row map shown in Figure 2C solves all of these tasks. The row card 220 of Figure 2C can be any card that has holes or punched holes therein to display the subgroup category information. Z: B. The card 220, used for illustrative purposes only, has a variety of perforations which may or may not be die cut. The card holes, punched or not, represent the information obtained by each audience member,, in a selected group, e.g.

of all in a given row: As shown in Figure 2C, the horizontal appearance could correspond to seat numbers 1, 2, ..., for example, while the vertical appearances correspond to categories a, b, c ..., e.g. women under j5 , Electric razor users, married, gender, etc. While each member of the audience is offered a seat, a person, such as seat, could get the information they want easily and quickly and record this information, for which purpose only certain holes are made Card to be punched or not. A single card would then contain all of the desired information about each person in the series. The card 220 would then be collected with the other cards and placed in a designated slot in the; Card switch 240 plugged in, in which the data would be processed automatically and simultaneously with the publication). An in #, view of the card 220 is shown in Figure 21) of the drawing, in which it is inserted into the card switch? 40.

As shown in FIG. 2D, each row: of the card switch 240 contains a number of upper and lower contacts or sensors, the exact number of which corresponds to the number of rows and categories in the upper card 220. That is, there are two contacts for every possible hole in card 22o. The lower row of contacts 231, 233 to 271 is attached to springs 235. In the view shown in Figure 2D, contacts 230 and 231 are prevented from making electrical contact with one another by an unpunched hole in card 220. Di, # i contacts 232, and 233 are in contact with one another, however, since the spring 235 exerts a pressure on the contact 233 and since the card is punched for this row, seat number and category. It will be recalled that the signal or information appearing on contacts 230, 232 through 270 corresponds to a voltage magnitude indicative of the subjective evaluation of a single member of the audience. This signal is in turn from the evaluation device via the jack field. 161 for the selected audience and transferred to the ticket office: has been. This subjective reaction signal is in turn transmitted "through" the card 220 from the contact 232 to the contact 253, through the isolating or summing resistor 252 and the category busbar 262 to the subgroup recorders and the "count the house" era pointer from FIGS. 3A and 3B, respectively , as will be explained in detail in the following. The resistors 251, 252 to 280 are cumulative or integration resistors. As previously indicated, each row of the audience may contain a card that is inserted into a card switch 240. In the 'quiet' discussed above for a single card or row, information regarding the ratings by the audience is provided with lic @ ler, in certain categories, as indicated by the 'danced holes in the' hard: : ird is given to the category busbar 261, 262 to 2g1 via the 3umraierungswideretze 251, 252 to 280. It should be noted that it is not necessary to initially divide the audience into categories and then implement it so that the group-by-group evaluation can then be determined. The entire process of collecting the ratings imd. The subdivision of the audience into the desired subgroups takes place automatically and. without the danger of false answers, in order to avoid distortion by -lis members of the audience.

It is not necessary for rV-pus to collect the data visually to check and the audience then through a complicated 'Linz-1 error-prone "Plug" between the different handle fields in the desired subgroups to subdivide. The present finding automatically results in a complete, thorough and exact statistical subgroup division, not vras to this day was possible.

The category outputs of the standby card switch, which is functionally and structurally the same as the card switch explained in connection with FIGS. 20 and 2D, are connected to the corresponding category outputs of the card switch 240. It should be recalled that, as explained in connection with Figure 10, the signals, the evaluation of the members of each of the in readiness ätchenden niblikus.is correspond to the 1? ereit:; chafts-- card only transferred savages if a rqit- dcs gliej / üi Eereitschaft standing public ° 1s for a member de :; selected audience is used and then not rnelir, on the category-ammelsehien zti another time- point appear. The; ignale on aen category 3 busbar nc: n represent Jainit's subjective evaluations of the members = of the audience: is in the desired 'category-related sub-groups dar, -li.> via .las cable 281 the subgroup writers and der: Inzeiger from Figure 3A or 3B supplied, r (g # den. It is important to note that the present finding, although in the above description for the purpose related to the explanation of category cards uni card counter be, also; the application of other lco: -ipatible device- services that are used in the FachT: elt, for example, as a switch are known that respond to punched tape. It can be seen from Figure 34 that each of the Kaetegoric busbars 261, 262 to 291 of individual appearances on the me- mechanical switches 321, 322 to 329 is connected. the Outputs of these switches are. for their part individually to the Subgroup writers 301, 302 to 310 connected. The subgroup evaluations can thus be permanently draw, there are switches provided so that the clerks let it toggle freely so that you can switch a. ' SQholders quickly find a usable and expedient comparison swischon, the categories $ u deliver. The simplicity of the arrangement thus enables a strong: F @ .e:; ihilit @@ t, self-nourishing die un # I ver3x'kt further the un '#., entire s fi.irte on --t (-: r Nane, @. @ i. di.:-. ".mahl der K? errrien an urTd the number of 2rfordLrlz chen ') chal tex # on = Anzhai = -1 (: r K @ zteä: irie-; e, r @@ Ir # cl @ ehienen depends and @ 1 @ .I3 r '..? _ # @ -er ir, -, # d ' c - ## @a "t en # T # laixi usually - # r borrowed # r., # just r can be n, enf:;: e1 @ .: r handrze4fätijt or a @ atorlr: ttise @ x, like @; .. a n i.TTri <! @ 7 h @ C @ I - '. 1F SE,';'JC'.halter nC @ 1 c. odcx = a .i? `.,. .401, 7 (', 1: @ n') f:. '^ -. C @ tln 1 Iir: 1a @ -jch #., Icr, i: `n, ' l V- ß jcrl -. R i. .'t ann, r @ U0 ton (, ,1 l '! - i' purple,. ::; ühertra; #n lä: ät, @ter dr) uie 12 <@? nI 3! r Dio-3r, @ 2t die .aie K @ i nl #. @ R: a.: Zschlüs: Je @; @ Tr? `` A. Prevent the representation in Figure 1 C, sat lier Eipuls or the I3o = "'; exltungärild, @' relches over -iin 2C10 transferred : <rir ?, to # -iein'er trailing- # n-len Edge eiiiw Opi. tze has. Di, z- # t) itze through to 1Yin lift pulse the well-known natural characteristic: the coil 12.5 off Figure b: 2 "; irkt. This point is also over each of the conductors . 181, 182, 13 and 1? T transferred, the räit of the pawl together- ' : rir # k: r, ._: ad runs through the contacts: äes card counter 240, d1,2 are in contact and a'af the fliategoriesammelsehienen 261, 2Ü2 to 2911 1f @: - d . Transmitter; 4C, 3 @@ 1 x @ ia @@@ kopp-In Ue Mcichspannungs- Komponi # nite on the Untc @ röruppenschreiber '01, -02 to j10. Capacitors -, 40a, -z) 1.1 a bi- 349a filter the tip. the : alternating voltage; älcor: ir @ :, nentn.; ir-A iiicr 34: 1 , 520 to 3 ,, 19 on dia 'jsrztMrker J `-; 10,":> 1 to 35) given. Instead of nasty l-coupling via transformer I @: 7nn the coupling aif the @ r. @ rst.rker also: iit '; :: m-; eniators. In the described j # norariun # "wir.-1 @ 3..s M.gnal von den .-- trOIC: schal- Learn divided into z, @ rci l: Iiilporz, @ r_t2n. The DC voltage-- ? r.omponente runs through Zen @@ beard, he and is filters 261b, -o-2 "-" to 291b and then to .Iie Urier- r; r, uppenschr-: iber given. The alternating voltage component l #: ird from the trans-fer al, geno: "; inen and on the amplifier 3J0 give. The natural inertia of the L10 and 211 from hi-gur 2'_3 in-Acht @? Iese >> ehreiber rrie also ° ien main '- @cilrei; ^., er 1 C11: au ..; ui -: -? the subgroup clerks up to --510 au 3 insensitive to üi @ er 13r 'pi.tze -1.:;r rush through. @ UJ- lr ^ nden gators 340a, 341a zind so c "aitor. In addition to jien switches 320, '21 construction 329 fair .; e lower group recorders from Figure 3A are the categories on the lelschienen 2E1, 262 bi: 29-i via # Iaä iransformatorkabel to switch 330, 1 through 339 connected to a "count the house" feature to form, at (l - iri the kenden "patzen a '_ @ ystam for the repetitive determination the number of i @ it, Iie @ 1 @@ r of the publi.kum-; in every cebene: il: a: - fegori.e or l; ofüx, in = iti.orx: -on iategorier, au deliver. At the same time Time; forms the "Z; lhle das Hauu" -F4 :: rkrlra also a Pri, ifsche- ma for the entire system. As already noted w,) Yde, each is before the category busbar 261, 262 to 291 via a transformer to one of the mechanical between Senalter 330, 33_r1 to << 339 are closed. The outputs the- These switches are coupled to d - "e 7 amplifiers 350, 3! 3 to 359. The outputs' Z - r Iteretc ".i_ker si @ -ad for their part, as indicated in FIG. 3C give, connected to the ladD; "jer-S = @. <@a @; un 363. The output 366 of the undisclosed esteem =. in = Fig. 3_J = is shown in detail, is via a time delay system 361 to the memory counter 362 attached, locked The memory counters 3622 are attached to those shown in FIG. 4C shown in detail: @ dialing and folding circuit 364 connected sen. An optisv1@er_e.ger J is to: the dial and hold switch device 364 connected. Eiläe time delay? device 367 is on the memory counter; 'Ö2 and a pulse delay and shaper circuit 368 connected. The pulse delay and shaper circuit 368 is 2zn @ie '@ n'äh @. @ Ba = d' holding circuit 364 to which Time delay @ haltunj 3067, to the voltage-controlled switching ter from Fig.;:, an -Zt'RC-ir @ ger @ ängs.n: t = eäk the ones and toes ner-SCR-hetzwerke- from 7: .gz 4-, and to d: äe -. = nd = circuit 369 connected- closed. here and-Schalz.ung 3 '# 9 is bad, manually operated counters switch 36y., bu, -; d .9 connected to delHauDtabta @@ 13äh £ 'er. D2.ese ScbalLrer enable jz ## l @ d ° sl'il L. @ s. @, 'F.;: # W @ dhl # iar @ ti! °: _ @ R. @. of seats for a complete.? ge scanning can be selected. The switches 330, 331 to 339; = ind en zi: r-- «: @. v #. .. # ur # g zum Be.-dim- men der Gesw # anmah 1 deritg ixe = 'v @ -y:. ,,:; likur in J e = Aer given category or combination of categories. If it turns out that in a given category a statistically insufficient number of members of the selected PLblikuins is available, then members of a standby @@ -, ri publ; k3.mms used for the members of the selected audience as explained in connection with Fig. 1A, in order to statistically necessary number in the desired subgroup result. This procedure ensures; that a valid and sufficient e file selection is achieved. The overall circuit looks e! -ne device that allows the function of the Scaling the house is carried out. How this works Scaling results from the following description. Again Sometimes it is clear, however, that the number of clamps on each Switches and the number of switches required on the number depends on the category busbars and that the switches are of the usual design, either manually operated or auto- automatically, for example crossbar switches, whereby the contacts of the Switch in any way to achieve a desired one Result are interconnected. It also lights up one that the phenomena on the switches can be connected- th that the switches can be coupled together, etc. to to achieve any composite result. The spike created by the coil 125, which with the latch cooperates, which is attached to each evaluation device is closed, a punched category in a travel card 220 in the card counter 24 (3 on the category collection appeared 281 and then through each of the selectors 330, 331 through 339 of the AC voltage coupling through Transfoz-.nat.z> ren or # .9 Kon- capacitors transferred to the outputs of the switches in Relhe that the C1; -: I- withhold voltage signal while holding the momentary spike let through. The tip is then made with conventional amplifiers 353, 351 to 359 amplified, the output signals of which on a T- @ r- circuit 36t '> are given which are either an and / or circuit or at best a circuit that can be easily either manually or automatically from an AND circuit to an or- Circuit can be converted. This may be due to, PP '@: l1.el. JI: n 10ä1 len be desirable, in which first an and-scarf '-, _: ng distributed, 1: uer-- den should to the reactions of categories to -., t; a'.ten, zu @ s_ pei-spiel from all men over 35 who fell ,. tz: ""% ktriach: wa.s * .eren. At a later point in time during the performance, the an OR circuit is expected, r.im the reactions of Evaluate categories, for example of all married: women or other women over 35. The choice of gate switching would obviously depend on how the category cards of Fig. 2t: pro- are programmed. That is, if the cards are on an "or" basis are programmed , an OR circuit is used to check the Audience used and this is then secured. that the Ratings from all members of the, ... ililtum added up will. Although no written request was received. will, if a gate circuit to get the categories is used, an indication of the number of people falling into any combination of a subgroup will be obtained. Such a usable and / or circuit is shown in FIG. 3C. In FIG. 3C, the inputs of the and / or circuits 370, 371 to 379 are connected to the base electrodes of the NPN transistors 380, 381 to 389. The collector electrode of the transistor 380 is connected across a common load resistor 386 for a source of positive DC potential, such as the multiple potential source 100. The emitter electrode of the transistor 380 is connected to the selector arm position on the switch 390, while the collector electrode is connected to the off Position of switch 390 is connected. The OR position of switch 390 is connected via resistors 382 and 383 to the lower OR position of switch 391 of the following stage. At this point it should perhaps be noted that the AND / OR circuit of FIG. 3 is divided into stages, the exact number of stages corresponding to the desired number of inputs 370, 371 to 379. The intermediate stages would be identical to the intermediate stage from transistor 381 in Figure 3C.

Turning to the first stage of FIG. 3C, it can be seen that the And position of switch 390 to the upper and lower off positions of the switch 391 is connected. The collector of transistor 381 of the second stage is on connected to the upper selector arm of switch 391, while the emitter electrode of transistor 381 is connected to the lower selector arm of switch 391. The upper AND position of switch 391 is at the emitter electrode of the transistor 380 connected to the first stage, while the lower AND position of the switch 391 is connected to the collector electrode of the transistor 389 of the following stage which is the last stage in Fig. 3C.

The emitter of transistor 381 of the second stage is connected to the AND position of switch 399 of the last stage. The OR position of switch 399 of the last stage and the upper OR position of switch 391 of the second stage are connected to output 366 . The collector of transistor 389 of the last stage is connected to the selector arm of switch 399, while the base is connected to input 379. The limiting resistor 384 and the diode 385, which is polarized in the forward direction, are connected in series between the emitter of the transistor 389 and ground. The common connection of resistors 382 and 383 is connected to the common connection of resistor 384 and diode 385.

When the selector switches 390, 39s to 399 are in the OR circuit, the circuit of FIG. 3C operates like an OR circuit. That is, it lets signals through that correspond to this, or this, or that. When the selector switches are in are in the AND position, an output on line 366 will only pass if there are input signals corresponding to this and this and that. A stage can be separated from the gate circuit simply by turning the selector switch cooperating with this stage to the off position. The disconnection of one or more stages does not affect the normal operation of the other stages and the gate circuit in general. It should be noted that it is possible to define a certain category by a certain. Gate circuit element is shown to separate, for which purpose the tap selector switch is turned to the off position, if it is not desired to have this information in a certain subgroup count. In the circuit of Figure 3B, it has been noted that the output of the AND / OR circuit is applied to a time delay network 361, which can be any compatible conventional network that provides the desired time delay, such as a monostable multivibrator. The reason for this time delay is evident from the following discussion. The output signal of the time delay network is in turn fed into memory counters 362, which can be conventional counters which store the successive time-delayed peaks from the time delay network 361. This memory counter is to be distinguished from the main scan counter discussed in connection with FIG. 2A, which performs a separate function although it contains circuit elements identical to those of memory counters 362. The output of the memory counters is applied to a select and hold circuit 364 which, when triggered upon completion of a full audience scan, selects and holds the count stored in memory counters 362 until triggered again. On the visual display 365, the select and hold circuit 364 displays the count in the memory counters 362 when the select and hold circuit 364 is triggered. In addition, it has the effect that the optical indicator shows this count until the select and hold circuit is triggered again after the end of a subsequent sampling period. The schematic details of the select and hold circuit are discussed in greater detail below in connection with FIG. 4C. The visual display 365 can be any of a number of conventional designs that continuously display the digits to which the counter has advanced. In an expedient embodiment, the indicators 11 contain transparent plates (not shown) made of a light-conducting substance, which are arranged in a stack. One of the plates is blank, while the digits zero to 9 are etched onto the surfaces of the remaining ten plates. The stacks are aligned with respect to lamps cooperating with them so that the plates are individually illuminated by the lamps of those steps which correspond to the digits which are etched on the plates. Since only the desired digit is illuminated and the remaining plates remain dark, the illuminated etched digits are visible through the layer or through the stack and indicate the number up to which the counter has been advanced. Depending on the size of the evaluation audience, two or more stacks would be used. The overall operation of the "count the house" circuit of FIG. 3B is as follows: The tips of the jack field of the selected audience of FIG. 1A passed through card switch 240 of FIG. 2D and switches 330, 331-339 corresponding to the number of audience members in certain selected categories are passed through the and / or circuit of FIG. 3C onto the time delay network 361 as shown in FIG. 3B. As can also be seen from FIG. 3B, the pulses applied to the AND circuit 369 after the completion of a scan of the audience, that is to say after each diode matrix 200 has been activated, cause a pulse to pass through the AND circuit 369 for each complete scan . When using the counter of the type described, the pulses which cause the activation of the AND circuit 369 and allow one end of the sampling pulse to pass through can be tapped by the capacitors 92 in the tens and units counters.

The visual display 365 is taken directly from the select and hold circuit 364 energized and the lamps of the optical display replace the load resistors 462, as shown in Fig. 4C, for this particular application when the for this "count the Haus "working method is used. The end of the sampling pulse from the AND circuit 369 is applied to pulse shaping and delay circuit 368 which is any compatible can be conventional circuitry such as an SCR or resistor-capacitor gating network can be.

The output pulse from the pulse shaping and delay circuit 368 becomes a timing network 367k, the select and hold circuit 364 of FIG Figure 3B, the memory counters of Figure 4A, and the ones and tens SCR units supplied by Fig. 4A. The effect of the reset pulse on the ones and tens SCR networks of Fig. 4A will be explained below. The pulse from the pulse delay and shaping circuit 368 applied to select and hold circuit 364 causes that this circuit is reset, d. that is, the previously selected and held The count is cleared or suppressed, and selects and holds a new count the memory counter 362 and changes the output signal appearing on the visual display. This means that the visual display changes its display whenever the Select and hold circuit 364 has been reset to a new state. the Select and hold circuit and the reset mode are used with Fig. 4C explained in detail. The output pulse from the pulse delay and shaping circuit is also given to memory counters 362 by time delay network 367, to reset these counters, i.e. to suppress the old count and to prepare for a new count. At this point 4 should be remembered, that counters 362 the number of members in the audience in the subgroups count selected by switches 330, 331 to 339. the Events that cause the end of the sampling pulse to pass through the AND circuit 369 are as follows: The end of the scanning pulse is sent to the pulse delay and shaping circuit 368 is applied. After a time delay this delivers one Pulse to the select and hold circuit 364 and to the time delay 367. The on The pulse applied to the select and hold circuit 364 causes this circuit to perform the previously selected and held count releases and then a new count from the Memory counters 362 selects and holds, as will be described below in connection with FIG. 4C will be explained. It should be remembered that the count is at the end of a scan each member of the audience is selected and thus the total number of members of the audience in the subgroups represented by switches 330, 331 to 339 were selected.

The pulse generated by the pulse delay and shaping circuit 368 which is applied to the time delay network 367; step through this time delay network through and into memory counters 362 to determine the Reset memory counter. The time delay before the memory counters are reset however, it is sufficient to allow resetting of the select and hold circuit, to select a new count from the memory counters. The new count that is selected and held by select and hold circuit 364 is then on the visual display 365 shown. The time delay network 367 can be any compatible and conventional network, such as a monostable multivibrator.

The pulse corresponding to the audience members in the subgroups selected with switches 330, 331 to 339 that passes through and / or circuit 360 is applied to time delay 361. Again, the time delay 361 can be any compatible conventional network, such as a monostable multivibrator, that provides a sufficient time delay for the aforementioned reset process to be completed before the first pulse of the new audience scan sequence is entered into the newly reset memory counters 362. This provides an accurate and reliable count and maintains the overall principles of the invention in terms of reliability and accuracy. It should be noted that by connecting all of the category buses to a single appearance on one of switches 330, 331 through 339, or if the switches are coupled, to a common appearance on each switch, a count of the total number of members of the audience (whose rating devices are correct work, as explained below) can be achieved, as each audience member is likely to fall into at least one of the selected categories. In discussing the diode arrays of FIG. 2A, it was noted that the output from each of the arrays was in turn transmitted over a conductor 206 to the voltage controlled switches 400 of FIG. 4A. The voltage controlled switches 400 are illustrated in detail in FIG. 4B and discussed below. It can be seen from Fig. 4A that the outputs of the voltage controlled switches are connected to individual ones and tens silicon controlled rectifier networks 402, 403, 405, 406, 408, 409, 411 and 412 by means of the memory counters 401, 404, 407, 410 are connected. The silicon-controlled rectifiers are given the short designation SCR in the following. It should also be noted that these counters are provided with subjective designations "boring", "normal", "good" and "very good" in FIG are appropriate. In both cases this is for illustrative purposes only and it is evident that any other subjective rating scheme can be used with equal success. For testing purposes, which will be discussed in detail below, the voltage-controlled switches 400 are also connected to the main scanning counter via a locking device 482 and a single-pole changeover switch with an exhibition in the middle, as shown in FIG. 4B will. The counter 401 is connected to the units and tens SCR networks 402 and 403, respectively. The counter 404 is connected to the units and tens SCR networks 405 and 406, respectively. The counter 407 is connected to the units and tens SCR networks 408 and 409, respectively. The counter 410 is connected to the units and tens SCR networks 411 and 412, respectively. The output of the one-SCR network 402 is connected via a summation resistor 416 to the output of the tens-SCR network 403, which is connected via the Summation resistor 417 is connected. The two outputs are then combined and connected through a variable summing resistor 418 to a pen on pen 415, which can be any compatible conventional pen which represents the information recorded in readily useful statistical form. Similarly, the output of the units SCR network 405 is connected via resistor 419, while the output of the tens SCR network 406 is connected via resistor 420, both outputs being combined and via a variable resistor 421 to a second pin on the recorder 415 are connected. The output of the single SCR network 408 is then connected via a resistor 422, while the output of the Zehrier SCR network 409 is connected via the resistor 423, both outputs being combined and connected to a third pin via a variable resistor 424 the recorder 415 is connected. Finally, the output of the units SCR network 411 is connected via a resistor 425, while the output of the tens SCR network 412 is connected via a resistor 426. Both outputs are then combined and are connected to a further pin of the recorder 415 via a variable resistor 427. The pulse shaping and delay circuit 368, which is controlled by the main sampling counter, is connected through the time delay 367 to each of the memory counters 401, 404, 407 and 410 and also to each of the SCR networks 402, 403, 405, 406, 408, 409, 411, and 412. The counter 401 is connected to the ones and tens SCR networks 402 403 connected. The counter 404 is connected to the units and tens SCR networks 404 and 406, respectively. The counter 407 is connected to the units and tens SCR networks 408 and 409, respectively. The counter 410 is connected to the units and tens SCR networks 411 and 412, respectively. Only four counters are required and the writer 415 only needs four pens for five categories of subjective ratings, since the most desirable category or the "very good" category in the given subjective examples provides the maximum input signal, so that a full scale deflection on the Writing strip corresponds to this rating. With this system, the traces of the pen of pen 415 never cross each other and thus avoid ,, # MD4gh, 44phqr has proven to be a source of error. It will be recalled that the "count the house" feature discussed above provides a system by which it can be determined that all of the audience scoring devices are operating in the scoring. It is safe to assume that all responses not counted by counters 401, 404, 407, and 410 then fall into the most desirable category. This feature makes it possible to save an additional storage meter and the associated SCR networks. Thus, as discussed above, it will be understood that any number of arbitrary subjective categories can be used, and additional counters and associated parts can be added to manipulate those categories in the manner discussed in connection with Figure 4A . The main scan counter and clock provide a means of determining the goodwill and truthfulness of the audience as discussed below in connection with the description of the voltage controlled switch 400 and lockout device 4 $ 2 shown in Figure 4B will. As can be seen from the drawing, the circuit of FIG. 4B, which is a schematic representation of the voltage controlled switches 400A, 400B, 400C and 400D of FIG. 4A, is divided into five stages, namely A, B, C, B 'and D stages, where the B'-stage is the reverse of the C-stage. Each of the A, B, C and D levels corresponds to the subjective evaluations of "good", "normal", "boring" and "very boring", as will clearly emerge from the following description. Since levels A, B, C and D are practically identical, the elements in these levels have been given the same numerical designations. Except where otherwise indicated, references to an element are by its numerical designation. the element in all stages A, B, C and D. The operation of the circuit of FIG is given to the pawls 161 by the evaluation devices. This potential is then given to the voltage-controlled switches 400 via the diode matrices 200. The common input line 206 is connected through resistors 434 to the base of the normally conducting transistors 431 in each stage A, B, C and D of Figure 4B. If the bias voltage applied to the base of transistor 341 exceeds, for example, the potential of the cathode of diode 441, transistors 431 and 432 conduct and transistor 433 is blocked. The output signals from diode arrays 200 of FIG. 2A are coupled together as discussed and applied over a single line 206 to each stage A, B, C and D of voltage controlled switches 400A, 400B, 400C and 400D. Due to the connection via the line 206 going out from the matrices, the output signal of the matrices and the input signal for the voltage-controlled switches are a variable DC voltage. While the input position is scanned by the clock, if it is working, this DC voltage has a different value for each input position. If the clock does not work, there is a bias voltage on line 206, which can fluctuate between 0% and 100%. The same voltage range is also provided by voltage divider 481. The voltage on line 206 is compared with the voltage taken from voltage divider 481, for which purpose diodes 441, 442 and 444 are used. In actual practice, a similar bias voltage is applied to stage B, except that the diode is formed by the base-emitter junction of transistor 445 in this case. Assuming that stage B is controlled in this way, then all four stages A, B, C and D are controlled by the threshold voltage set on potential divider 481 and applied to the emitter of each of transistors 431 through a diode will. The diode is thus the diode path of transistor 445 in one case and a special diode in the other. Diodes 440 and 440a are used as bias diodes to handle the logic at this point. The transistors 431 and 432 are actually connected in the form of a flip-flop or can be viewed as a trigger. If the voltage level on the input line 206 is below the voltages which are given by the reference point 481 through the diodes to the transistors 436, both transistors 431 and 432 are blocked. To avoid ambiguity, the feedback resistor 435 gives the device some snap action. That is, when the voltage level on line 206 rises from zero in a positive direction, transistor 431 in the D stage is fired first and this triggers a flip-flop process which is similar to the operation of a Schmidt trigger. As a result of the positive feedback, the circuit has become a bistable device. Therefore, because of the balance of resistances between resistors 435 and 434, the circuit remains in one state with no appreciable stress on the input line. To turn on the circuit, only very little energy is drawn from line 206. Since there is no resistance between the collector of transistor 431 and the base of transistor 432, the necessary resistance appears in the voltage drop between these two units essentially across the emitter-collector terminals of transistor 432 and resistor 436, so that transistor 431 after Ignition, as far as the load on line 206 is concerned, operates as an emitter follower stage. As a result, the emitter of transistor 431 follows the voltage changes on line 206 as long as the voltage of line 206 is greater than the bias voltage applied via divider 481. The second transistor 432, once turned on, remains in the on state until the voltage on line 206 falls below the equilibrium voltage supplied by voltage divider 481. This means that there is a snap action in that the circuit comes on and then remains in this state. A bias voltage is formed between the base and the emitter of the transistor 432 as a result of the voltage drop across a silicon diode 440 in the forward direction. The diodes 440 and 440a are fed by the resistor 450. Although none of the stages conducts, a current flows through these diodes and, as a result, a bias voltage is maintained across each diode. The result is that there is a bias voltage that must be overcome between the base of transistor 432 and the emitter of transistor 432 before it snaps into place. This prevents sluggish operation, contributes to the snap-on technique and avoids thermal runaway.

Figure 4B shows a variety of voltage controlled switches. A pulse train coming from the pulse shaping and delay circuit 601 is applied to all of the output transistors at 433 through resistor 438. This is a negative impulse that is very precisely timed and delayed. The accuracy lies mainly in the delay. The pulse applied to resistors 438 has a large negative going edge. The leading edge of this pulse is delayed for a time greater than that required to reset all of the circuits described in Figure 4C. After these are reset, the memory counters 401, 404 and 407 must be reset. Until these two functions have been fulfilled, it is not expedient to apply the pulse generated by the clock to the resistors 438 and via these to the transistors 433. The negative pulse is delayed for a relatively long time. By using components that allow higher speeds, the delay can be made much shorter. The entire reset process, both in the SCR units and in the units and tens memory counters, must be completed before the pulse has been supplied by the clock circuit. The pulse from the clock circuit is biased in such a way that transistor 433 is off for most of an operating period, that is, the amount of DC voltage across the line across resistor 438 is more positive than the bias voltage, which is fed by the two diodes 440 and 440a. This keeps transistor 433 completely off. It normally keeps the diodes 437 blocked. In the reverse direction, the transistor 433 has only a low bias voltage. It is this level of mutual relationship between the bias voltages that is critical to the operation of the voltage controlled switches. In operation, when the negative going pulse arrives and is applied across resistor 438, it causes transistor 433 to conduct only when transistors 431 and 432 are not conducting. If this bistable stage comprising the transistors 431 and 432 is in the off state, then the voltage at the collector of the Trarststors 432 is essentially negative. If the edges of the negative pulses applied to the resistor 438 and thus to the base of the transistor 433 are of equal size, the diode 437 remains in the non-conductive state. However, if transistors 431 and 432 conduct as a result of the DC level applied to line 206, the collector of transistor 432 is turned on and the voltage actually becomes positive with respect to the voltage drop across bias diode 441 and the emitter of transistor 433. The diode 437 is thereby forward biased. The clock continues to periodically apply the pulses to one end of resistors 438. Instead of being able to turn on the transistor 433, however, they are simply passed through the diode 437 and through the saturated transistor 432 to the connection point between the two diodes 440 and 440a. The voltage on the base of transistor 433 will never go negative enough to cause that transistor to conduct. The overall operation of each stage A, B, C and D is thus a control over whether the delay applied to resistor 438. fiert pulse energizes the output transistor 433. For one or all of the stages A to D, this is in turn controlled by the voltage on the input line 206. If the voltage level of line 206 is high enough to cause current to conduct, that is, to overcome the voltage generated by divider 481 and to cause transistor 431 of bistable transistors 431 and 432 to conduct, that on the line becomes 206 incoming input voltage is not transmitted as a pulse through transistor 433 to the relevant counters - normal, boring, good and very good. If line 206 has a DC voltage that is below the lowest value of voltage divider 481 applied to stage D, then all bistable circuits including transistors 431 and 432 are turned off and all diodes 437 are reverse biased. So every time a pulse arrives from the clock circuit, that is, when a delayed pulse arrives, a similar but reversed pulse occurs at the collector of transistors 433. On the other hand, if the voltage on line 206 is positive enough to overcome all of the bias voltages applied by divider 481, including that applied to stage A, the bistable transistor pairs, i.e., transistors 431 and 432, become conductive. Then the diodes 437 also become conductive and prevent the pulses applied to the resistors 438 from activating the output transistors 433. For high values of the input voltage on line 206, when all stages A through D are conducting, appear. then no output pulses. It should be noted that stage D conducts until the voltage on line 206 has risen to about 18 or 20% of the total amount that would be labeled 100% on the tape. At this voltage, and at any higher voltage, the bistable elements of stage D are switched on and all pulses applied to resistor 438 are withheld. As a result, the counter 401 is not supplied with any output signals. As the voltage increases, stage C becomes conductive in its bistable units. A further increase causes stage B to conduct, while an even greater increase causes stage A to conduct. In the event of a further increase, all four stages are finally kept in the conductive state. When the bistable elements conduct, the output pulses from counters 401, 404, 407 and 410 are withheld and no counts are recorded in the memory counters for any of the four pins in the pen. The counter of transistor 449 is connected to one terminal of a single pole changeover switch 429, which has its off position in the middle. This middle off position of switch 429, which, as will be explained below, is the normal operating position, is not connected. The remaining terminal of switch 429 is connected to the collector electrode of transistor 433 of stage C. The common terminal of the '429 switch is on a locking device 482, which can be any conventional device such as a latching relay capable of stopping the clock, for example by a pulse can be. A pulse which corresponds to the conductive interval of the transistor 433 can be fed to each of the counters 401, 404, 407, 410 which are connected to the collector electrode of the transistor 433. Whether or not a particular counter receives a pulse depends, of course, on the magnitude of the voltage arriving on line 206, i.e. on which of the bias voltages of stages A, B, C and D is exceeded by this voltage has been explained above.

Since a "good" evaluation is registered only by the counter 401 and only the counters 401 and 402 register a "normal" evaluation, the number can of audience members who give a "normal" rating by subtracting the "Normal" number can be determined from the "GutL" number. The "Boring" number can be by subtracting the "Boring" number from the registered "Normal" number, while the "very boring" number by subtracting the registered "very boring" number is determined by the registered "Boring" number. The "very good" number will be by subtracting the registered "good" number from the total number of participants Members of the public determined. It should be remembered that the input voltages, which are applied to the voltage controlled switches, one after the other from the diode matrix 200 across conductor 206 and that transistor 433 of all Stages A, B, C and D, if any, only during the period of the delayed Clock pulse is conductive. The following example is given: If everyone has their own device to "very boring", which is the lowest negative voltage that can be applied to line 206 then all of the bistable pairs would switched off and all counters would register every time pulse given to them is offered. This means that all of the pens * of the graphic pen 415 would run in the top or 100 range of the scribe. If on the other side all devices were set to "very good" then all would bistable units ignited in all four stages and the outputs of the transistor 433 would be blocked for all stages and no pulses would be sent to the pins created. As a result, all of the pens would become lines down in the pen's null area draw. If the voltage on input line 206 is lower than for example 18% or any value that is set on the voltage divider 481 as a reference point then none of the bistable units would conduct and the pulses would all Registers fed. If the voltage on line 206 is above that for stage C set threshold increases and these bistable units active it is sent to all counters except the "very boring" memory counter Apply impulses. If the voltage continues to increase, for example to 41%, what the "Boring" setting, then get all counters except the counters 404 and 401 pulses. The counters 404 and r101 are then blocked and retained the time impulses do not. In the "normal" setting, level B leads to, for example about 61%, which is determined by the setting of the divider 481. This causes, that only pulses from stage A occur and only registered in the counter 401 will. Until the input voltage on line 206 reaches the 80% to 85% point Example has exceeded what it hung in the "very good" state are the bistable Units in level A up to this point are the only ones under all conditions work. Once the voltage on line 206 is in the "Very Good" classification increases, it ignites the bistable units in stage A and the counter 410 stops receiving any signals. If that's why all of the people have theirs If devices are set to "very good," each one appearing on line 206 will Tension above about 85 to 87% is rated as "very good". No pen is for "very good" and no memory counter is intended for "very good". With this one However, level all other counters would register zero, so all pins down at the bottom of the strip. The additive kind of graphic Representation by the writer 415 prevents the various traces of writing from crossing. Crossing the tracks would be required if the total number of tracks that rotated their devices to a specific position should be displayed. As shown in Fig. 4B, stage D contains the first bistable unit for Ignition and to switch off its output, stage C is the second and stage B the third. That is, if the voltage value on line 206 is, for example is about 60% of its full working range, stage B 'begins, which is all Output voltages from the collector of transistor 479 has blocked output pulses to deliver. Therefore, any signal on line 206 that is over 60% or over the set reference point lies, impulses from there in the direction to deliver a higher reading. The level holds for every value below 40% B its bistable unit with the transistors 432 and 432 switched off and enabled so that the counter 404 pulses are supplied. This means that through the Transistor 449 pulses for all values on line 206 that are in the "good" or "very good" range, i.e. voltages above of 60 have. Conversely, the device receives 482 pulses from the other side of the switch fed to the collector of transistor 433 in the C-stage is connected, for all values under normal, i.e. -for values in the "Boring" or "Very Boring" area. If the switch 429 is therefore in the one or the other switch position is moved, which holds the clock with the locking device for everything above normal at 'level' B ', or for everything below normal is, level C.

The locking device 482 of FIG. 4B provides a system for auditing so that an absent, unwilling or confused member of the selected audience can be dropped out and replaced by a member of the on-call audience as related with Fig. 1 has been explained in detail. This is done by having each member of the audience before the start of the presidency to be assessed is asked to turn his evaluation device to the extreme right or "very good" position. Those members of the audience who are absent, unwilling to cooperate, or confused generally will not. The single pole changeover switch 429 is then rotated to the position shown in Fig. 4B and the circuit can operate in the usual manner. As previously explained, delayed pulses are then applied to transistors 433 through resistors 438 in all stages A, B, C and D. Since the audience rating devices should all be in the rightmost or "very good" position g, transistors 431 of levels A, B, C and D will normally be conductive and transistors 433 will normally be non-conductive, as discussed above. Since passage of current through transistor 431 triggers current passage in transistor 432, which then terminates current passage through transistor 433, the pulses applied through resistor 438 to transistor 433 of stage C have no effect on transistor 433 which, as a result of the Current passage through transistor 432 and diode 437 is already reverse biased. However, if a member of the audience is absent, unwilling to cooperate, or confused, their rating device will generally be on the other side of the desired rating. If, as in the present case, a “very good” evaluation was desired, the evaluation device of the member unwilling to cooperate or confused will generally be in the “boring” or “very boring” position. If the evaluation device is below the "normal" position, the transistors 431 and 432 of stage C, as explained above, are blocked and the transistor 433 becomes conductive when the incoming delayed time pulse is received. As also discussed above, receipt of this pulse causes stage C transistor 433 to provide an output pulse. The sequence of events that is caused by a member of the audience who gives a different than the desired rating causes an impulse to hit the single-pole changeover switch 429 on the locking device, which causes the clock to stop and thus the exact location of the member of the audience whose evaluation device is below the required position. The interlocking device can be any of such conventional circuits as a relay or an SCR with a manual reset means such as a push button. If desired, SCR select and hold circuitry as shown in Figure 4C can be used to provide an automatic display without the need to stop the clock. A member of the standby audience is then substituted for the absent, unwilling to cooperate or confused member of the selected audience, as explained in detail in connection with FIG. 1A. The process is then repeated until the correct advertisements have been received from all members of the audience. This verification process lasts only for a very short period of time due to both the speed of the system and the ease with which a member of the on-call audience can be substituted for an absent, unwilling or confused member of the selected audience. To check the above, especially in the case of absent audience members, and to further increase the statistical accuracy of the overall system, each member of the selected audience would then be asked after being asked to turn their assessment device to the "very good" position, turn his evaluation device all the way to the left or to the "very boring" position. The switch 429 is now turned to the right-hand position or shown in dashed lines and since the low voltage pulse from the audience evaluation device should now go to the transistor 431 of stage B via the cable 206, this transistor should not become conductive. The bias sources 442 and 443 of stage B and B 'are inversely proportional, so that transistors 445 and 446 of stage B' are themselves conductive when transistor 431 of stage B is non-conductive. The flow of current through transistor 446, in turn, maintains transistor 449 in the non-conductive state in the manner discussed in connection with stages A, B, C and D. While the delayed pulses are being applied to transistor 449 of 601, that transistor, which is already non-conductive, will not respond to these pulses and no pulse will be delivered through switch 429 to the latch and clock. However, if an absent, cooperative or confused member of the audience, as will generally be the case, has moved in the opposite direction to the desired direction, which in this case would be "good" or "very good" instead of "very boring" , then transistor 431 of stage B will be conductive, while transistors 445 and 446 of stage B 'will be non-conductive and transistor 449 will conduct. The delayed pulse applied to transistor 449 will now cause this transistor to conduct so that a pulse is transmitted to the locking device via single pole changeover switch 429, which is now in a position opposite to the previous test position or in the position shown in phantom thus stopping the clock and indicating the location of the absent, unwilling or confused public member.

As already mentioned, the clock stop circuit or the locking device any be conventional circuitry, such as a relay with a manual reset device, like a push button. The additional members of the selected audience who in this way shown as absent, unwilling to cooperate or confused, can thus be switched off from the reviews by a member of the on-call audience is switched on, as shown in connection with Fig. 1A in detail. If desired, a third test can also be carried out in which each A member of the audience is asked to put his device in the "normal" position to turn and then check other ratings than normal, including the switch 429 is placed in one of its active positions. Any input signal that other than "normal", the locking device in one or the other press the other switch position.

After these test tests have been carried out, the single-pole changeover switch 429 is placed in its neutral center position and the normal evaluation process described above begins. At this point one should remember that the test procedure is completely automatic and the exchange of audience members is simple and easy can be carried out quickly on a jack panel, not through other switching lines has become confusing. The entire test procedure can thus be carried out in one Perform a relatively short period of time without the risk of annoying the audience at this delay.

The schematic circuit of the select and hold circuit 365 from FIG. 3D and the ones and tens SCR networks 402, 403, 405, 406, 408, 409, 411, and 412 shown in FIG. 4A is shown in FIG.

4C explained. Figure 4C illustrates a block, i.e. either one One or ten SCR block. Each of the other named blocks would have a similar circuit.

In Figure 4C, the base electrode of transistor 452 is connected to pulse shaping and delay circuit 368 through a time delay network of capacitor 451 and resistor 471, as discussed above. The base of transistor 452 is also connected to the memory counters that cooperate with each SCR network, as shown in Figures 3B and 4A of the drawings. Each SCR 460 corresponds to an individual ones or tens digit, i.e. 0 to 9. The emitter of transistor 452 is connected to a source of positive DC potential, such as multiple potential source 100. The collector electrode of transistor 452 is on via each of resistors 462 connected to the anode electrode of each SCR 460. The Zener diode 454, which is polarized in the tens direction, the resistor 455 and the diode 456, which is polarized in the direction of current flow, are all connected in series between the collector electrode of the transistor 452 and a source of negative DC voltage potential. The potentiometer 459 lies between the common point of resistor 455 and diode 456 and ground. The tap of the potentiometer 459 is connected to the base electrode of the transistor 457. Resistor 458 connects the collector electrode of transistor 457 to the common point between diode 456 and potentiometer 459. The gate electrodes of all SCR 460 are connected to the emitter electrode of transistor 457 in the direction of current flow of diodes 461. Resistor 471 lies between the base electrode of transistor 452 and the common point between resistor 455 and diode 456. The common point between Zener diode 454 and resistor 455 is connected to the base electrode of transistor 453. The emitter-collector path of the transistor 453 is in series with the resistor 483 between the cathode electrodes of the SCR 460 and the connection point of the resistor 455 and the diode 456. The adjustable resistor 485 is connected to the output terminals YY. The diode 484 lies in the direction of current flow between the collector electrode of the transistor 452 and the adjustable resistor 485. The resistor 486 lies between the common terminal of diode 484 and adjustable resistor 485 on the one hand and the cathode electrodes of the SCR 460 on the other. The remaining terminal of the adjustable resistor 485, which is connected to the one output terminal Y, is connected to the anodes of the SCR 460 via each of the series-connected networks of the resistors 463 and the diodes 465, which are polarized in the direction of current flow connect all gate electrodes of the SCR 460 to the respective memory counters of FIGS. 3B and 4A, which are represented only by the X in FIG. 4C of the drawing. Before explaining the circuit's response to a pulse from the pulse shaping and delay circuit on line 480, the normal or quiescent conditions of the circuit must first be examined. The emitter base current through transistor 452 from the positive source also flows through resistor 471 and forward biased diode 456 to the negative source. This emitter-base current flow, in turn, creates an emitter-collector current flow through transistor 452 from the source of positive potential, through the emitter-collector path of transistor 452, through zener diode 454 in the reverse or zener direction, through resistor 455, and through the forward biased diode 456 into the source of negative potential. That is, both transistor 452 and zener diode 454 are both normally conductive, the latter in the reverse or zener direction. A positive pulse is applied to line 480 each time the master or sample counter completes a complete cycle, as discussed in connection with Figure 3B. This positive pulse is transmitted from the circuit 368 through the delay circuit composed of the capacitor 451 and the resistor 471 to the base electrode of the transistor 452 to reset the circuits. The resetting operation of the SCR mechanism of FIG. 4C is readily apparent once it is noted that the potential of the pulse causes the voltage at the base of transistor 452 to jump to the positive potential of the pulse, as seen in the waveform which is indicated on the drawing on the base electrode. This positive potential applies a voltage in the reverse direction to the emitter-base path of the transistor 452 and terminates the emitter-base and thus also the emitter-collector current flow through the transistor 452. As soon as the emitter-collector current flow through the transistor 452 ends is, the reverse current flow through the zener diode 454 is also terminated and the transistor 453 is removed from the conductive state, thus removing the cathode bias from each SCR 460. While the capacitor 451 begins an exponential charge up to the size of the potential of the input pulse on the line 480, the voltage at the base electrode of the transistor 452, which is practically equal to the voltage across the resistor 471, begins to decrease exponentially until finally the capacitor 451 fully charged and the voltage at the base of transistor 452 is back to its original or pre-pulse potential as indicated by the waveform shown in the drawing. At point A, indicated on the waveform, the potential across the emitter-base path of transistor 452 is such that the forward threshold voltage of the emitter-base path of the transistor is once again exceeded and the transistor begins to conduct. At point A, however, although the emitter-base path of transistor 452 is conductive, the potential at the collector electrode of this transistor is insufficient to cause a Zener breakdown in diode 454. As the capacitor 451 continues to charge, the potential at the base of the transistor 452 becomes less positive (as can be seen from the waveform shown in the drawing) until finally point B is reached, at which point the voltage on the collector electrode is sufficient to again to cause a Zener breakdown of the diode 454 and the current again flows through this diode in the reverse or Zener direction. When current flows through the Zener diode 454, the transistor 453 is brought back into the conductive state and the SCR 460 receive their cathode bias again. The combined effect of the input pulse on transistor 452 and Zener diode 454 in turn causes each SCR 460 to become conductive, that is, to be ignited. Before the pulse is applied to transistor 452, Zener diode 454 conducts in the reverse direction so that a reverse bias potential is applied to the cathode electrodes with respect to the gate electrodes of SCR 460, so that accidental ignition by the other counters is prevented . The current flow through the emitter-collector = stretch of the transistor 452 1 # - applies a positive potential from the positive potential source via the resistor 462 to each of the anode electrodes of the SCR 460. When the delayed end of the scan sequence pulse from pulse shaping and delay circuit 368 is initially applied to the base of transistor 452, i.e. before point A on the waveform of the voltage appearing at the base of transistor 452w, both transistor 452 and brought the zener diode 454 out of conduction as previously discussed. During this interval, no bias is applied to transistor 453 via conductive zener diode 454, which therefore turns off and opens the cathode path of SCR 460 to terminate conduction through any conductive SCR. Since no forward bias voltage is applied to the anode-cathode path of the SCR 460 via the emitter-collector path of the transistor 452, the termination of the current flow through the SCR is ensured and the SCR are prevented from igniting. It should be further noted that upon receipt of the delayed pulse from the pulse shaping and delay circuit, transistor 452 will not conduct and the potential of the anode electrodes of the SCR will be removed so that an SCH that was conducting will cease conduction and the circuit is now in a prepared state and ready to select and hold a new count, as will be apparent from the following description. At point A of the waveform shown, the voltage at the base of transistor 452 causes the emitter-base path of transistor 452 to be brought into a partially conductive state and the positive forward bias potential is once again passed through the emitter-collector path of transistor 452 to the Anode electrodes of the SCR 460 are applied. As soon as point B of the waveform appearing at the base of transistor 452 is reached, Zener diode 454 begins to light again. The transistor 453 is brought fully into the conductive state and thus it completely closes the cathode path of the SCR 460 and the remaining SCH, which were not ignited during the time interval Lit between points A and B on the waveform, are prevented from further igniting until another pulse is received on input line 480. This ignition prevention feature is readily apparent once it is remembered that once an SCR is rendered conductive, its anode-cathode voltage will drop from its pre-ignition relatively high value to a relatively low value. Each SCR 460 is thus set to fire only during the period between point A and point B represented by llt on the waveform representing the voltage at the base of transistor 452. In other words, only an ignition potential applied to point X of an SCR 460 during the interval At will cause the SCR 460 to conduct. As soon as an SCR is conducting, the other SCRs that are parallel to it are prevented from igniting until the conducting SCR becomes non-conducting again as a result of a pulse on the input line 480. Once an SCR 460 becomes conductive or "ignited" as a result of a cathode ignition potential received from a memory counter during the 8t interval, the SCR's gate-cathode path characteristically loses control of the device. The current flow through the conductive SCR is now terminated exclusively by removing the anode-cathode bias voltage, so that the anode-cathode current flow drops below the holding current of the device. ie below the anode-cathode current necessary to maintain conduction through the device. is. The SCR will continue to conduct power until the next end of a scan pulse is received by the pulse shaping and delay circuit 368 on conductor 480, turning off transistor 452 and removing the bias from the anode electrodes of each SCR 460. The bias applied across diode 456 prevents the cathode bias from becoming low enough that extraneous noise could cause power to flow through one of the SCRs. This is done in addition to the aforementioned noise safeguards. The foregoing firing and holding action of the SCR can be readily understood by remembering that the firing of the SCR is a function of both the anode-cathode potential and the magnitude of the gate-cathode ignition pulse, during which time Once the SCR is in the conductive state, only a low anode-cathode voltage and a low current flow, ie a low holding current is required to maintain the current flow through the device. Each gate electrode of the SCR 460 is connected through a current limiting resistor 464 to a respective memory counter 362, 401, 404, 407 or 410 as indicated by the X in the drawing and as discussed above. As can be seen in FIGS. 3B and 4A, the memory counters are in turn connected to the category busbars 281 or to the voltage-controlled switches 400, as well as to the pulse shape and delay circuit 368, which in turn is connected to the main sampling counter and the clock, such as this has been discussed in detail above. Circuit 368 applies a pulse delay to the network of Figure 4C which is only the first of three separate time delays as described. As soon as point B or a point shortly after it has been passed, as is shown in the voltage curve described in FIG. 4C, it becomes desirable to reset the memory counters to zero so that they can establish another count. 3B shows a time delay 367 and this resets the memory counter 362. A similar time delay is used to reset the "Very Boring"counters;"Boring" and "Normal" counters required, i.e. counters 40i, 404, 407 and 410. Another time delay following this second one to reset the counters is that just described, which must be applied to the voltage controlled switches . That is, not only does the select and hold circuit have to accept a new number, but the memory counters must be reset to zero before it is possible to get another pulse through which must be applied to resistors 438 in FIG. 4B. As soon as an SCR from FIG. 4C is triggered once during the interval!, T due to a gate potential from a memory counter, the current flows from the source of the positive potential and through the emitter-collector path of transistor 452 (until this transistor and thus the conductive SCR by a delayed input pulse), the anode resistor 462, the SCR 460, the transistor 453, the resistor 483 and the diode 456 to the negative voltage source of Fig. 4C. As can be seen from FIG. 4A, the output terminals YY from FIG. 4C are connected to the anode resistor 462 via diodes 484 and 465 and the resistor 463. They are also connected to a spring or a pen of the recorder 415 via individual current limiting resistors. Each resistor 463, which interacts with each of the SCR 460 from Fig. 4C, has a different value, so that the current flow at the output terminals YY as a result of the current flow through, for example, the first SCR of the ten block, which represents the range from 10 to 19, is less than the current flow at the output terminals when the next sequential # SCR, representing the range 20 to 29, conducts, and so on through any number of stages.

The bias diodes 461 are each intermediate in the forward direction the gate electrodes of the SCR 460 and a network of the load resistor 469, the transistor 457, the resistor 458, the potentiometer 459 and a diode 456, which serve as a constant voltage source and a specified voltage to the gate electrodes of all SCR apply so that the SCR are biased such that both one Ignition and blocking is ensured, i.e. it is ensured that the SCR ignite at the potential - that of the "memory meters" interacting with them during the period ß t is applied to them, but also that no SCR to a another time is ignited. The precise way the SCR is controlled that is, ignite or conduct only during the period L # Xt, both the Reliability as well as accuracy of the ignition safe and protects against that one SCR due to interference voltages or fluctuating input signals through point X of the counters is turned on or off as previously discussed. As an additional security, the potentiometer 459 is set so that the of potential applied to the emitter follower transistor 457 to the gate electrode bus is such that the potential applied to the gate electrodes is sufficient that the Ignite the SCR only during the interval A t. (It should be remembered that, as above explains that firing an SCR is a function of both anode-cathode and also of the gate-cathode potential.) These characteristics are of course also compatible with the statistical accuracy and simplicity of the whole system. At this Place should be clear that if a count of less than 100 by the Circuit of Fig. 4C is selected and held, only two SCR conduct and one SCR represents the tens digit and another represents the ones digit, for example at the number 78 the seven SCR from the tens counter and the eight SCR from the unit counter. It should be equally evident that the SCR. "Hold" the count, that is, remain conductive until a new count is received and that any conventional visual display, such as B. a stress-sensitive illuminated at its edges rather a visual indicator, as it was already explained before, connected to it as shown in Fig. 3B was explained. A lamp of the visual indicator can be used with each of the SCR in place of resistor 462 in series switch to provide the required edge-to-edge illumination that connects was described with the description of the illustrative optical indicator, pointer, which was explained in connection with Fig. 3B. It should be noted that the existing evaluation system, in addition to the permanent recording of the results the evaluation, Figure 3B also with a "running" visual display during the demonstration as previously described. In Fig. 4A adjustable Resistors 418, 421, 424 and 427 shown. These resistances are always required when a count is to be used other than a predetermined fixed value. This makes it possible to have an active audience that comes from someone other than a fixed number of people, such as B. 100, there is. Whenever this happens need the ones and tens SCR and their resistor networks that consist of the mutable Resistors 463 exist, are compensated. The diode 484 closes the collector 452 to the first terminal Y. There is also an adjustable resistor 485 between terminals Y and Y. Another resistor 486 is connected which is up leads to the common point between diode 4 $ 4 and resistor 485 and a bias voltage is applied to the diode 484 in the direction of current flow, so that it goes away is held at proper bias by the collector load of transistor 452. The adjustable resistors 418, 421, 424 and 427 are actually a means for mathematically dividing the count that was kept in a digital form. The count has been collected in Gien memories, transferred to the single SCR and then with the help of resistors 463 and resistors e, 417, 419, 420, and so on, the digital displayed and held by the select and hold SCR Information converted into analog information. The analog information becomes then divided mathematically by the adjustable resistor 418. This is necessary when in the audience a variable number. should be available from people.

For example, if the audience contains 150 people, a higher total count is stored in each of the egg @ zer ° and tens SCR for all memory counters. If the audience is to consist of 100 people, the count will be lower. By adjusting the variable resistor 418, the larger count that can be achieved with 150 people can be divided in an analogous manner so that it would give the same full scale reading as if 100 people set their devices to "very good" or "very boring". or, as in the case of the device according to FIG. 3B, all people would be in a kind of classification combination that we could set up with the and / or circuits and switches 330 to 339. What has to be done is the conversion of the information from analog to digital and the calculation in the digital memories, the transfer of the information to the SCR, the reconversion with the resistor networks into the analog information and the division of adjustable resistors 418, 421 , 424 or 427 so that a full scale display can be made for any number of people within the display area of the writing strips. This analog to digital, back to analog, division by analog and recording in analog represents a means for integrating the information and for its graphic representation without the use of a straight analog integration network. The output voltage is not entirely analog as the graph is a sequence of characteristics of digital information. However, since the clock can scan at a very high speed compared to the audience reactions, this method of integrating the information and displaying it in an analog graphic form is quite satisfactory for most purposes. Although the voltage regulator switches of Figure 4B and the select and hold devices of Figure 4C show circuits comprising transistors and SCR, it should be understood that other circuit elements could be used instead without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Figure 5A illustrates two valuable additions to the overall system. 5A shows a cue tape unit, that is, a unit that provides an indication of a particular event during the performance so that audience response or evaluation of the particular event can be evaluated. Fig. 5B shows a system by which a particular member of the audience whose reactions are of particular interest for one reason or another can be easily identified, observed and, if necessary, exchanged. In FIG. 5A, a push button 501 which is hand operated by an operator connects the start control of a two-lane recorder 500 to ground. An amplifier 502, a blocking diode 504 and the winding of a relay 503 are in series between the two-track tape recorder 500 and ground. A normally open contact on relay 503 forms a connection with a reset function between two-track tape recorder 500 and ground. Two headphones or loudspeakers 505 are connected to a track 513 of the two-track recorder 500. Both tracks are further connected to the mixer 506, which in turn is connected to a microphone 508, a conventional tape recorder 507 and, if desired, to the theater sound track. The second remaining track 512 of the dual track tape recorder 500 is connected in series through a filter 509, amplifier 510 and rectifier 511 to the cue or event pins of audience response recorder 415 of Figure 4A. The second track is still connected to mixer 506. The reasons for this emerge from the following description. The two-track tape recorder can be any writer that can record two tones and a word keyword and additionally stops quickly after the occurrence of such a keyword until it is reactivated again by manual actuation of the pushbutton 501. The writer should also be able to automatically reset itself at the end of all the cues on the tape to be played, that is, the tape used is generally an endless tape on which a fixed number of cues is recorded which repeats after a period or is wound back. Thus, an operator listening to track 513, which carries word announcements such as "Keyword 1", "Keyword 2", etc., would press pushbutton 501 to have the word announcement at an important point in the performance in mixer 506 and then in the tape recorder 507 (which can be any conventional writer). After the word announcement, the playback would be paused and wait for the actuation by depressing the key 501 to announce the next keyword. The mixer 506, which may have any conventional circuit, is also generally connected to the theater soundsp-Pur so that the events taking place in the theater are recorded along with the announcement of the cue, so that a reproducible display of the event corresponding to the cue is created. During the periods when the soundtrack is silent, the event corresponding to the cue is announced orally by the operator who speaks the cues into microphone 508 as a substitute for the function generally performed by the theater soundtrack. The other track 512 of the two-track recorder 500 contains a train of tone pulses. Each tone impulse corresponds to a key word announcement. These tone pulses are fed into the filter 509, which only allows the tones with the desired frequency to pass and protects the network from undesired actuation of the network by interference signals. The output signal of the filter 509 is amplified by a conventional amplifier 510 and passed to a conventional rectifier 511 for rectification. The output of rectifier 511 is connected to the event or cue pins on audience response recorder 415 of FIG. 4A and forms a label or indication on the persistent record made by recorder 415 corresponding to a particular cue. This cue mark is also made on the main writer 106 and on each of the subgroup writers 301-310, all of which have event pens. These event pens are all connected in parallel and whenever there is an actuation of the circuit, the event pens of all the pens perform the same movement. This technique enables absolute synchronism for future comparison between one group of writing strips with any other group of writing strips. After the performance, a typist listening to the tape of the recorder 507 will record the event corresponding to the cue mark on the recorder of the recorder 415 to record the audience's reaction to that particular event during the performance. To facilitate this process, the aon pulses in track 512 are also fed into mixer 506 so that the tone impulse warns both the writer and the operator who is checking the key words during the presentation that the key word is following. By changing the length of the tones, distinguishing markings applied by the event pens can be related to the announced cue numbers. In reality, for example, a tone that is about a second long can be used to operate the cue pens for most numbers, while the tone is made twice as long for every tenth, twentieth, thirtieth, etc. cue mark. This results in a distinctive marking by the pens. The tones can be further encoded so that long and short marks are provided for each, that is, for each identifiable keyword. Since the long and short marks appear on all strips at the same time and because they are easily recognizable due to the length of the tone, a typewriter can accurately identify the cue position with the marks on the strip and the audible cue that will later be added using the marks as a guide to the Strip is written down. The tape recorder 500 may also provide a continuous tone for the duration of the tape, that is, a tone that stops when the tape ends. This tone is applied to the winding of normally open relay 503 through amplifier 502 and diode 504. When the tone disappears at the end of the tape, the relay 503 trips at the start mark of the tape loop and stops the recorder 500. A push button switch 503 $ is used to initiate the reset cycle by pulling in the relay 503. The amplifier 502 can provide an output signal sufficient to hold the relay 503. However, this can only attract when it is supported by the switch 503a. The reset tone can, for example, have a frequency of 30 Hz, which is maintained until the end of the tape. When using an endless belt, a section of the tape just before the beginning does not have a 30 Hz tone, while the rest of the tape has this tone. This 30 Hz tone is not reproduced in the speakers used for checking because of their small size and therefore not heard and recorded on any other tape. However, the tone is used to hold the relay 503 during the resetting of the key word tape, which can contain one hundred key words, back to key word no. 1 and that whenever the next test is to start. While a push button 501 is shown as a device for indexing the pen 500 from key word to key word, it will be understood that other devices could be used to start the recorder on an automatic basis. It is also obvious that the reset process can also be achieved by other means if desired. In the circuit of FIG. 5B, the output line 206 of the diode matrices 200 of FIG. 2A is connected to an input channel of a conventional cathode ray oscilloscope 520, which is referred to simply as CRO in the following. The other input channel of the CRO 520 is connected to a digital-to-analog converter 524 which can be any such conventional network, which in perhaps its simplest form can be a sized, resistive power integration network. The transducer 524 is in turn connected to the main scan counter and clock discussed above in connection with FIGS. 2A, 3B and 4. A photocell 521 is connected to the amplifier 522, while the output of the amplifier is connected to the main scan counter and the clock. The degree or magnitude of the rating of each member of the audience appears as a dot on the cathode ray tube due to the manner in which the input channels of the CRO are connected. The display on the cathode ray tube is accordingly, while the main scanning counter continues to scan, a sequence of points with different vertical positions, each point corresponding to a specific member of the audience. If for any reason the reaction of a member of the audience needs to be recorded more precisely, that member can be identified by placing the photocell or photocell button 521 on the screen of the cathode ray tube at the point of interest when it appears. The photocell is then activated by the light of the tracer and transmits a signal to the amplifier 522, the amplified output of which is given to the interlocking or transferring switches 525 and to the main scanning counter and the clock, in order to set the clock in the manner described in connection with Fig. 4B to stop. The clock is then stopped by the interlock or transmission circuit 525 and displays the seat of the interested audience member. The interlock can be of any conventional type of circuit that allows the clock to stop until it is manually reset by switch 526, such as, for example. B. an SCR circuit. This feature is particularly useful in situations where the audience member has left the demonstration, or has become confused, tired, or breathless to cooperate after evaluating the demonstration. As soon as the seat number of this public member has been determined in the manner described above, a member of the standby public can easily be put in his place, as discussed in detail above. In addition, this scheme can be used to select members of special interest from the audience who are then connected to the simple writers 210 and 211 of Figure 2B to have their ratings permanently recorded, as also discussed above. It should be understood that dial and hold circuitry and a visual indicator such as blocks 364 and 365 of Figure 3B may be added to the output of amplifier 522 to indicate the location of an interested audience member so that that member can move without stopping the clock can determine. (In certain cases, stopping the clock would interfere with the other scoring evaluations discussed above.) It should also be noted that the embodiment of Figure 5B illustrates a system which ensures that all of the audience scoring devices are operating properly, since one is open switched evaluation device would cause the point trace) that of the cathode ray oscillograph above the Evaluation value is located, while a short-circuited device would have the effect that the point track is below the minimum value. Of course, this feature does not affect the overall goals of the present invention in terms of statistical accuracy and reliability.

In summary, a brief description of the overall system should be useful. In short, each member of the audience has an individual assessment device 123 on which they indicate their subjective reactions to the item to be assessed. The output of the evaluation devices is a voltage, the magnitude of which is proportional to the given evaluation. The rating is placed on a pre-wired panel by the rating device, with each member of the selected audience having an appearance on the jack panel 161 and each of the remaining members or members of the on-call audience. has an appearance on the standby audience jack panel 162 which is also pre-wired. A telephone cord, such as cord 195 in FIG. 1A, is used to easily substitute members of the on-call audience for an absent, unwilling or confused member of the selected audience. All jacks on jack field 161 for the selected audience are connected upstream to four separate outputs, namely the diode matrix 200 (FIG. 2A), the single writer 210 and 211 (FIG. 2B), the main writer 106 (FIG. 1A) and the card switch 240 (Figure 2D). The diode matrix 200 generates a DC voltage that is directly proportional to the evaluation by any person using an evaluation device 123. The matrix signals are converted into pulses as a result of the multiplex system. In certain cases the DC voltage signals of the matrices are used as such. Thus, the diode array 209 in combination with the main scanning counter causes a signal, the magnitude of which is proportional to the evaluation by each member of the audience, to be transmitted as an impulse to "the jack field for the selected audience, the reactions of each member of the audience as a series of impulses with a short duration and different individual voltage values are transmitted, these being proportional to the individual evaluation by each member of the audience. selected with switches 211 and 212 of Fig. 2B. Card or selector switch 240 (Fig. 2D) separates the members of the audience into certain desired categories, thus providing an automatic and therefore simple and effective system for categorizing: des Audience in desired subgroups, see chap o that the reactions of these subgroups can be determined quickly and easily and recorded forever. The output 282 of the card switch of FIG. 2D, which supplies the ratings given by the audience members divided into subgroups, is connected to two switch groups, namely switches 320 to 329 from FIG. 3A and switches 330 to 339 from FIG. 3B. The outputs of switches 320 to 329 of Fig. 3A are connected to subgroup recorders 301 to 310 to continuously record the ratings of the selected subgroups. The outputs of the switches 330 to 339 of FIG. 3B are connected via transformers 340 to 349 and amplifiers 350 to 359 to the gate circuit 360, which can be an AND / OR circuit. The transmitters 340 to 349 only pass the transmitted peaks when the rating of each member of the audience is queried in turn. These peaks are generated by a coil and a diode which are connected to each jack of the jack panel 161. As noted, the spikes pass through transducers 340-349 of gate 360 and are placed on memory counters, a dial and hold network, and a visual indicator to indicate the number of members of the audience in the subgroups who are with the Switches 330 through 339 have been selected. This results in a method of ensuring that in each desired subgroup there is a predetermined desired number of audience members, i.e., if the desired number of selected audience members is not in a given subgroup then the standby audience members are deployed until the desired number is reached is. After examining the number of members in combined subgroups, they can be replaced, if necessary, by the members of the standby audience in order to arrive at a subgroup that exactly fits the interrogation system that is being used. For example, it would take a great deal of time to determine from 150 selected members and 50 stand-by members how many women above a given age should dye their hair. In this way, the time required to determine whether the query is correct or incorrect can be greatly reduced. The entire "count the house" system, as shown in Figure 3B, is designed to achieve a statistically accurate collection of statistically valid queries for a subgroup combination. This is particularly the case when there are ten such subgroup information bits and, for example, when there is a large remaining possible subgroup combination and it is desired to process this information quickly without the audience having to wait. The single-phase output signal of the diode matrices 200 of FIG. 2A is also applied to the voltage-controlled switches 400 of FIG. 4A, which are shown schematically in detail in FIG. 4B. These switches initially form a system to identify absent, unwilling to cooperate or confused members of the selected audience so that members from the on-call audience can be used instead. As soon as this initial checking process is completed, the voltage-controlled switches then burn the voltage magnitudes representations of the subjective ratings of all audience members with respect to the performance and feed them to the memory counters so that the number of audience members with a particular rating can be recorded. The count stored in each of these counters is in turn fed into the ones and tens select and hold SCR networks shown schematically in detail in Figure 4C. The output voltages of the select and hold SCR networks in turn drive the pins of the writer 415 of Figure 4A. The cue tape unit of Fig. 5B forms related records of the audience ratings on the one hand and the events that cause that rating on the other. The cathode ray oscilloscope unit of FIG. 5B enables an FY to easily and quickly determine the location of an audience member whose assessment is of particular interest. It is very desirable that the individual reactions of each member of the audience can be graphically displayed in a highly visible manner. Each member of the audience has an individual point location that can move up and down. This makes it graphically easy to identify, for example, a person who is different from the general audience. The addition of the locking device 482 to the oscilloscope allows for easy identification of the particular member. However, the visual analog display of each person being analyzed on the screen of a cathode ray oscilloscope with long persistence can be of great importance, whether or not member 4f is to be identified. Such a representation makes it possible to find out people who move their switches from one side to the other or who are otherwise using the device in an inadmissible manner. Such a shift in the setting is not shown in the form of points, but in the form of curved lines. Such persons can therefore be excluded from consideration. The arrangement described above serves to explain the principles of the invention. Other embodiments can be devised by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.

Claims (7)

PAT E NT TO SP RÜ CH E i. System for measuring the behavior of an audience at an event with a plurality of evaluation devices, which are individually distributable among the members of the audience, wherein all devices have means for generating a signal that indicates the behavior of an audience member at an event, and with means for displaying the measured behavior of an audience, characterized by a plurality of channels corresponding to the plurality of categories into which the audience can be subdivided, means for selecting the categories from the plurality of categories which are related to each audience member, and means which are related to the Selecting means address to input the signal of each evaluation device of each audience member into the channels of said plurality corresponding to the categories related to the audience member, and means connected to the plurality of said channels for processing the signals, said processing means being connected to the display are connected so that the signals from the evaluation device can be processed by category. 2. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the means to choose the categories from the multitude of on each Audience member related categories a coded representation of the related to each audience member Contains categories. 3. System according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that that the means responsive to the dialing means for applying the signal from each Evaluation device of each audience member on the channels from the multitude, that correspond to the categories related to the audience member, a multitude contains of switches, which are operated in accordance with the selection means to the signal from each rating device of each audience member to the channels from the To create a large number that correspond to the categories related to the audience member. 4. System according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the means connected to the plurality of channels for processing the signals Contains means for determining the Kapales from this plurality which is to be transmitted to the display means connected. 5. System according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that that means for selecting the categories from the plurality of on each audience member related categories contains a card with perforations and the relative location the perforations in the card determine the way the agent works of the signal from each rating device of each audience member to the channels. 6. System according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the Means for selecting the categories from the multitude of available on each audience member related categories contains a non-conductive card member associated with each scoring device cooperates and selectively located therein perforations, and that the means that on the selection means for applying the signal from each evaluation device, each audience member to the channels from the multitude of the categories related to the audience member corresponds to a means to the output terminal of each evaluation device through the perforations of an attached card member to the multitude of channels to connect. 7. System according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the means for selecting the categories from the plurality of categories related to each audience member includes a selection circuit for automatically dividing the ratings of each r.Iig.liedes of the audience into the categories contains desired subgroups, namely continuously during the performance, and the selection circuit responds to the predetermined category information for each member of the audience who has an evaluation device, and further characterized by display means additionally connected to the: cooling circuit for displaying the evaluation ounces of the Members of each of the desired subgroups at some point during the performance so that accurate behavioral data can be obtained from any desired audience subgroup. B. A system according to any one of claims 1 to 7 characterized by means for applying an identification signal to the signal from each evaluation device, and means connected to at least one of the plurality of channels for applying the identification signals thereon counting so that the number of evaluation devices connected to a channel can be determined. 9. The system of claim 8, further characterized by means connected to at least one of the plurality of channels for counting the identification signals present thereon, 10. The system of claim 8 further characterized by means connected to at least one pair of the plurality of channels for combining the identification signals thereon, and means for Counting the identification signals from these combination means, so the number. of the evaluation devices connected to the pair of channels can be determined. 11. The system of claim 10, further characterized by means responsive to the application of a timing pulse to each of the evaluation devices to stop counting the counting means so that the number of evaluation devices can be connected to the one channel and determined. 1 12. System according to any one of claims 1 to 11, further characterized by a second plurality of evaluation devices for a standby audience, wherein each member of the standby audience has its own device from this second plurality of evaluation devices, a selector circuit for automatically categorizing the reaction of each member of the selected and the standby audience in desired subgroups, continuously provided during the performance, the selection circuit responds to a predetermined category information for each member of the selected and the standby audience, means for connecting the evaluation devices of the selected audience to the selection circuit, a counting circuit, Hittel for connecting the counting circuit to the selection circuit for determining the number of members of the selected audience in the desired subgroups, and means for inserting the members of the standby audience for members of the selected audience when the counting circuit shows less than the desired number of selected audience members in a desired subgroup. 13. System according to claim 12, characterized in that the selection circuit has card switches for the selected and the standby audience, which are switched in such a way that when a member of the standby audience is used for a member of the selected audience, the evaluation device; of the standby audience member is connected to the counting circuit through the card switch for the standby audience in order to obtain a statistically desired number of audience members in a desired subgroup. A system according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the means for selecting the categories from the plurality of categories into which the audience is divisible comprises a plurality of cards which categorize each member of the audience into desired subgroups characterized in that the means applied to the selection means for applying the signal to each evaluation device; each audience member responsive to the channels of the plurality corresponding to the categories related to the audience member, a ticket switch responsive to the category information on the tickets, means for connecting each audience rating device; to the ticket counter for categorizing the response of the audience members into a plurality of subgroup output channels, a plurality of switches, means for connecting the plurality of subgroup outputs to at least one appearance on the plurality of switches, and characterized in that the to the Means connected to a plurality of the channels for processing the signals comprises a plurality of subgroup writers and means for connecting a particular one of the plurality of writers to a particular one of the plurality of switches, so that the evaluations of the subgroups which are derived from the plurality of switches can be kept permanently recorded. 15. System according to claim 14, characterized by a plurality of pulse-generating networks, wherein a certain one of the plurality of pulse-generating networks is connected to each of the evaluation units, means for connecting the card switch to each of the pulse-generating networks, a gate switch, means for connecting each from the plurality of card switch outputs to at least one appearance on the plurality of switches, a sub-group counter, and means for connecting the counter to the gate circuit in order to allow the pulses generated by the pulse generating network and via the card switch can be transmitted to the katerrorisiert subgroup exits of the ticket office and can then be counted through the large number of switches, so that the number of audience members in a given subgroup can be determined. 16. System according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized by means for interrogating the signal from each of the plurality of evaluation devices, a plurality of means, which are connected to the interrogation means, to respond to a different predetermined signal, which is a different behavior of the Audience member, and means connected to the plurality of responsive means to display a signal other than the predetermined signal, which corresponds to an ordered behavior of all members of the audience, so that an audience member, that does not comply with the commanded behavior can be identified. 17. System according to claim 16, characterized by means which are activated in dependence on the display means and the clock device in order to identify the evaluation device which generates the other signals, so that an audience member can be determined in this way, which is the commanded Behavior does not comply. 18. System according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized by a main scanning counter circuit, voltage-insensitive means. Means for connecting the voltage sensitive means to the main counter circuit and Yittel for connecting the voltage sensing means. sensitive means with each of the evaluation devices so that a signal voltage proportional to the evaluation output voltages from each evaluation device is transmitted to the voltage sensitive I @: ittel, wherein the voltage sensitive means is responsive to signal voltage values which are above or below a required rating, the one Have a predetermined signal voltage level in order to indicate the location of absent, confused or unwilling members of the audience to cooperate. 19. System according to claim 18, characterized in that the voltage-dependent means respond to the signal voltage values above or below a required evaluation with a predetermined signal voltage value in order to keep the Hauptabtastzä, hlerschaltunranzu and thus the location of absent, confused or unwilling members of the audience to display. 20. System according to any one of claims 18 and 19, characterized by a plurality of diode matrices, the outputs of which are connected together to form a single output, means for connecting the Bec: atunsvorrichtungen to a specific diode matrix, means for connecting the output of the diode matrices including the voltage sensitive means, means for connecting each of the diode arrays to the main counter circuit, the diode arrays responding in turn to the main counter to successively transmit a signal proportional to the subjective evaluation output voltage from each evaluation device to the voltage sensitive means, a plurality of memory counters Means which connect the voltage-sensitive means to each memory counter from the plurality of memory counters in order to activate one or more of the memory counters one after the other when an evaluation signal is above a predetermined level from the diode matrices on di e voltage-sensitive: ittel is transmitted, a multitude of single, @ iä hl and -: @ old circuits, a multitude of Zeliner-1 "; ._ lil- und --11alteschaltung, :: ittel, the individual of Connect tens and ones select and hold circuits to a specific one of the multitude of memory counting circuits, a recorder with a multitude of, itifts, means for. Connect the output of the ones and tens and fralts with each: the @ Speicherz, 'ihler zu @ iern-lirl_en, to a specific one of the multitude of pens, so that the number of audience members, which show a given reaction, which is displayed by moving the 3 pen on the recorder, can be recorded. 21. System according to claim 20, characterized z, ekennzeiclznet that the : i1 and hold circuits from the multitude of `.U.'hl and hold circuits circuits each; ieils have a different numerical range and each a different multiple of: @ iUlil- und Halteschaltun;! ^, off ;: it has a plurality that has the lower numerical range. 22. System: according to any of the claims 1 to 2'1, further characterized by that?) the liittel, which at least one out connected to the multitude of channels in order to identify the zierun @ ssin-nale to z, ;;. hlen, so that the number of Dewertun; ~ svorrich- tunr-en an Gien ein:; anal anc, eschlossen and di-ita.1 are determined the can, unä: -littel are provided that at least one from the plurality of channels are connected, u ^; the Sir @ na 1e so that the off; on-signal of the one channel is closed. be seen in analogous ways; it can be determined in the same way can. 23. System according to irc; en; leinem of claims 1 to 22, lrekennzeicli- net through a large number of II, 1ihl and lialte switches and a A plurality of memory counters which are connected to the audience evaluation devices in order to count the number of audience members with a predetermined subjective reaction, means which connect each of a plurality of the selection and switching circuits to a particular one of the plurality of memory counters , Display means, means connecting the display means to the select and hold circuit # -i so that the number of audience members with a predetermined response can be visually determined at any point in time, a sampling counter, and means which the Connect the sample counter to each of the large number of select and hold circuits, and the;) d.hl and hold circuits only respond to the simultaneous activation by the main and memory counters. 24. The system of any one of claims 1 to 23, further characterized by means for sequentially interrogating the signal from each of the plurality of evaluation devices, means for providing an easy representation of the consequently interrogated signals, and means for sending to the interrogator ittel, connected and selective by the ease of presentation; these funds are activated, this representation; one of the queried si`nale corresponds to one of the plurality of evaluation devices to which the representation; corresponds to identify. 25. A method for measuring the behavior of an audience at an event according to the system of any one of claims 1 to 24, wherein the audience is divisible into a plurality of categories and has a plurality of evaluation devices which are individually distributable among the I-1 members Each device has means for generating a signal which indicates the behavior of an audience member in the event of an event, and a record of the category which is related to each member of the audience, this category corresponds to a plurality of other categories, characterized in that a plurality of channels are provided; which correspond to the plurality of categories into which the audience can be divided, the categories are selected from the plurality of categories related to each audience member, the signal of each evaluation device of each audience member in accordance with the recording; The category belonging to this is released on the channels from the plurality of channels that correspond to the category related to the audience member, and the signals are processed on each of the plurality of cannulas, so that the signals from the evaluation device are katefrorieni . '. can be edited. 2E ,. The method according to claim 25, further characterized in that an identification signal is applied to the signal from each -1'e; rertun @ device, and the identification signals are counted which are sent to the signals of the evaluation device, are set up on at least one of the channels, so that the number of de :: Tertun-svorrichtun`en can be connected to the one channel and determined. 27. A method according to any one of claims 25 and 26, characterized in that the signal from each of the plurality of evaluation devices is applied to an output circuit. 28. The method according to any one of claims 25 to 27 for a system with a plurality of standby judging devices, which are individually distributable to the standby members of an audience, each of the standby evaluation devices having means for generating a signal indicating the behavior of a Indicates standby audience member at an event, characterized in that the standby evaluation devices are additionally selectively connected to the coupling of the data processing means instead of the evaluation devices which are switched off so that the standby evaluation devices can be used for the selected evaluation devices, to ensure that the data processing unit receives signals from a predetermined number of evaluation devices. 29. The method of any one of claims 25 to 28, further characterized in that the signal from each of the plurality of scoring devices is interrogated, different predetermined interrogated signals are measured corresponding to different behavior of the audience member, and an interrogated signal is measured that does not correspond to a given signal which corresponds to a given behavior of all members of the audience, so that a member of the audience who does not correspond to the commanded behavior can be identified. 30. The method according to claim 29, characterized in that a light display of the queried simals is provided, and one of the plurality of evaluation devices is identified which corresponds to the light display according to the selective activation, - cjurch die Lichtdarstellunf-.