DE1557063B1 - Continuous laminar mixer for viscous, especially highly viscous media - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a continuous lay mixer for viscous, especially highly viscous media, with movable, driven mixing elements, in which at least one mixing element having flow channels of a certain length between two chambers of a mixer housing arranged one behind the other in the direction of flow of the medium along a fixed to the housing, separating the chambers

perforated wall is movable, the flow channels with the formation of individual passage cross-sections can be temporarily covered with holes in the perforated wall.

Under continuous laminar mixers are

ίο understand mixing devices for flowable media, which mix with steady flow and their mixing effect under essentially laminar Flow conditions happens you will find use in particular when it happens, for example In the case of highly viscous media, it is no longer possible to generate turbulence and utilize its mixing effect. Their job is to mix miscible liquids, suspended matter, z. B. Pigments to distribute evenly in flowable media or existing in a medium flow Compensate for inhomogeneities.

The task of identifying inhomogeneities in the material properties that are decisive for flow and processability - for example in terms of toughness or viscoelastic properties - one To compensate for the medium flow occurs in particular when such inhomogeneities occur the manufacturing process or the quality of an end product. So act

z. B. Inhomogeneities in the medium flow are particularly unfavorable when the resulting End product has very small transverse dimensions, as is the case with thread spinning or film drawing the case is.

These difficulties occur in particular when processing polymer melts into threads or foils on. because because of the high temperature of these sets, in addition to inhomogeneities, the originate from the starting material or are based on statistical fluctuations, nor temperature and Set dwell time-dependent inhomogeneities. The temperature-dependent inhomogeneities arise because of the temperature dependence of the material properties and especially at high melting temperatures existing practical difficulty everywhere in the apparatus containing the melt maintain a uniform temperature. On the other hand, however, the greater the extent to which the higher the temperature of a polymer melt, the molecular structure of which increases over time Subject to changes as a result of thermal degradation or crosslinking. As it is practical it is unavoidable that different parts of such a melt have different lengths of time in the associated Equipment linger and are therefore exposed to the changes for different lengths of time, the dwell time-dependent inhomogeneities mentioned occur.

The aforementioned inhomogeneities predominantly exist in constant changes in the material properties over the flow cross-section, with both on the walls delimiting the medium flow as well as extreme values of the material properties in between can adjust. This results in the case of temperature-dependent inhomogeneities the temperature distribution in flowing media with variable wall temperature and in the case of the residence time-dependent Inhomogeneities from the value

Zero on the walls of the lines to a maximum in the medium flow increasing distribution the medium speed. These so-called transverse homogeneities distributed over the flow cross-section are only slightly variable in the direction of flow and are essentially stationary. they seem for example in melt spinning in different titers from different holes threads emerging from a spinneret.

Apart from that, especially in the case of a polymer melt, particularly strong degradation can occur or cross-linking at points of greatly increased temperature or stagnant flow, also lumpy temperature and residence time-dependent inhomogeneities occur, which then z. B. too irregular occurring "nodules" in spun threads or "fish eyes" in drawn films to lead. When processing such polymer melts, it is therefore necessary to have those in the medium flow to steadily compensate for any inhomogeneities that occur, with just about uniformity to ensure the flow and thus continuity of the manufacturing process, only a continuous Mixing is possible, apart from the fact that, in the case of a discontinuous mixture, temperature-natural and dwell time-dependent inhomogeneities periodically were always created anew. Since such polymer melts have an extremely high toughness, is a laminar mixer to compensate for the inhomogeneity necessary

Those involved in the processing of polymer melts occurring difficulties result in a typical example for areas of application of a continuous Laminar mixer, which has to be eliminated because of its type and strength Inhomogeneities special requirements «·.-Gen but also with the other tasks mentioned at the beginning a continuous laminar flow and also at the processing of other highly viscous media e.g.

E £ w ^{chances are similar}

Difficulties on. .. - _r . _T.

Known designs of continuous laminar ashtrays mainly try to get a continuous deformation because a medium flow contained inhomogeneities and thus its Let homogenization be achieved by shearing the medium flow, d. H. by the fact that länss run through geyser length high speed * - which are arranged by a number coaxially to one another on a drive shaft, in each case opposite curved blades having rotors a rotating movement in the area of a cylindrical

housing limited flow cross-section is generated.

The disadvantage of this known laminar mixer

basically consists in the fact that - apart

from the fact that with some of these devices the achievable

Mixing effect is not sufficient - it is proportionate

ίο large mixing devices result if the one with the Shear-related pressure drop should not be too large. In fact, the from the pressure drop caused by the mixer does not exceed a relatively low value if

the promotion of, for example, a polymer melt and its processing not impaired should be. Also leave those used for processing such a polymer melt Apparatus only little space for a mixer,

while the mixing time in the interest of short residence times of the melt and thus homogeneity the medium flow must be limited, which means that the mixer has small dimensions should have. In addition, the

knew mixers existing transverse homogeneity of the medium flow, if at all, only inadequately balanced.

It has also been thought of, for example the spinning pumps designed as gear pumps

to be used for the continuous homogenization of the polymeric spinning liquid they convey, however, the mixing effect of a gear pump is usually extremely small. To increase the mixing effect therefore several gear pumps have

pen combined (British Patent 926 799), but the effort involved is relatively large, while the achievable homogeneity does not meet all requirements. It is also known (U.S. Patent

2 917 291), in the case of a continuous laminar mixer in a cylindrical housing, a number of circular perforated disks fixed to the inner wall of the housing are to be provided, which alternate with circular perforated disks, which are coaxial with the housing
the drive shaft. The circulating

slices *

between

a laminar mixer has already been set up in such a way that that the medium flow through a gap

Cleereeman and T. Alfrey, Jr. in SPE Transactions, July 1963, pp. 192-199). It is also known (British patent specification 893 059). To generate a rotating movement in the flow cross-section or to twist combinations of such processes, as has already been done to achieve even more effective shear deformation, for example, resistance bodies built into the flow cross-section or overflow openings between the passages of a screw spindle designed as a movable or immovable screw spindle. Another known laminar mixer (US Pat. No. 2840356), where "dnSSr
^ coverable p

brinl
Sung e? B
practice too
Shroud

under

. Temporary arrangement of a larger perforated plate

a miscr
shall be,
by
:. those in radial

Sl4827

also another patent specification in the wall of one

fixed hollow cylindrical housing part holes are formed through corresponding flow channels a sleeve-like, coaxially rotating mixing element with the formation of free passage cross-sections are temporarily coverable. Through the interaction of the rotating mixing element with the holes in the wall of the fixed housing part there is a division and Rearrangement of medium portions, which together with the occurring shear effect, the mixing effect results. In this way, inhomogeneities distributed in the direction of flow of the medium are compensated for; contains the medium flow but rough transverse homogeneities, such as those caused by temperature and dwell time-dependent, for example Inhomogeneities in polymer melts can exist, so must be special Precautions are taken.

Based on this prior art, the invention is based on the object of providing a continuous To create laminar mixer, which is simple and robust construction and low Space requirement is characterized by the fact that, with a low pressure drop, it has both transverse homogeneities and perfectly compensates for lumpy inhomogeneities in a medium flow.

To solve this problem, the continuous laminar mixer is that described at the beginning Type according to the invention characterized in that between one of the two chambers and an additional chamber of the mixer housing a transverse to the flow path of the medium with transverse folding the medium flow movable miseh member is arranged, the one movable together with it Has passage opening, the cross section of which is smaller than the clear cross section of the adjacent Chambers is.

In the laminar mixer according to the invention, the medium can only then pass through holes in the perforated wall flow. if this is currently overlapping with an associated flow channel of the mixing element. The relative movement of the mixing element to the perforated wall causes the Mcdium fluctuates locally and in time in portions passes through the perforated wall and the mixing element. To have a strong mixing effect a department is as small as possible Medium portions desired. The medium portions divided by the mixing element are over the smaller, the smaller and more numerous the flow channels and holes are and the greater the relative speed between the mixing element and the perforated wall. However, since the speed of the mixing element is limited, otherwise the at higher viscosity of the medium, the drive power required would be too great and a mechanical one Degradation and heating of the medium are to be feared, the size of the partitioned Portions essentially changed by the dimensions and the number of flow channels and holes will. However, if you want to reduce the cross-sections of these openings, you have to reduce their number increase disproportionately, otherwise the pressure drop. the one with a decreasing opening cross-section increases sharply, becomes too big. So there are, on the other hand, the number of channels and holes is constrained by design considerations. the reduction of the cross-sections There are limits, apart from the fact that the Kersteiligung very narrow cross-sections also encounter manufacturing difficulties.

It has been found that there are particularly favorable conditions in terms of dimensioning and Arrangement of the holes of the perforated wall and the flow channels result when the cover free flow channels formed by a mixing element and holes in the perforated wall Passage cross-section roughly the same size as the clear cross-section of the medium supply and discharge lines to the mixer housing when the pressure drop occurring across the laminar mixer is due to the corresponding Dimensioning of the passage cross-sections and lengths in the order of magnitude of the Pressure drop is placed in the medium supply and discharge lines to the mixer housing, and if the axial length of the flow channels of the mixing element and the holes of the perforated wall at least corresponds to their hydraulic diameter.

As a result of the division and rearrangement of the medium into portions as described, it becomes lumpy Inhomogeneities broken down into parts that are not brought together again, but rather brought into the vicinity of different medium parts den, so that the comminuted inhomogeneities can easily compensate. Since at the same time with the deformation of the medium portions flowing through the passage channels caused by the shear effect, a deformation of the the parts of inhomogeneities takes place, this results in an effective elimination of lump-shaped inhomogeneities.

In a corresponding manner, inhomogeneities distributed in the flow direction are effectively compensated for. They become when you pass through a perforated wall and a mixing element assigned to it so divided and rearranged that they appear behind them in the form of finely divided transverse homogeneities They kick, especially if they continue through shear, for example in a pipe flow are deformed, easily compensate.

Inhomogeneities distributed obliquely to the direction of flow become, if the inhomogeneity fronts to some extent run transversely to the direction of flow, similar to inhomogeneities distributed in the direction of flow balanced. An additional mixing effect occurs here through the exchange of medium portions at right angles to the direction of flow an exchange of medium parts perpendicular to inhomogeneity fronts on.

Coarse transverse homogeneities in the medium flow are compensated for by the misalignment. Through this, that this mixing element, which is movable transversely to the flow path of the medium in the chamber, controls the flow limited to a flow cross section which is smaller than the cross section of the chamber and in this describes a path, it folds the incoming medium flow or rearranges it. so that medium layers previously flowing side by side

6 »behind the mixing link at a certain angle continue to flow to the direction of flow and, if necessary, practically one after the other. Be that way Transverse homogeneities in oblique to the flow direction and possibly in practically in

Inhomogeneities distributed in the direction of flow reshaped, which is then perforated in the manner already described by a mixing element in conjunction with a Wall balanced «.

309 538 478

ίο

and in Bewegungsnchtung NICM to _e measured opening width corresponding

SfST ^ S SÄ ^ & ** so the division are ordered, and ^ e length of the ge

bfll Tlbhe divided areas

That the pressure drop does not become too strong, according to the ι osition angeoranei sina, unu uc ^ ,, ₆ . ~ -. At the same time, the cross-section of the chamber, if necessary, areas divided into sub-areas that S ^e S ^e ^ ⁿ '^ _a y _e ^r _n i _st it has proven to be a conveniently associated row of openings, in the over- ° ^u ^ ^d ^ J. ^ _e ^ ° Serecision of the passage covers of openings possible s.nd, temporally SnI eS KÄSwaten. a quarter of that is constant and the overlap of the adjoining chambers of the falling divisions of the opening devices assigned to one another is about the size of the, 5 lined up, if necessary after division through the cross-section of the medium supply and discharge joint integer factors to differentiate an odd SSS to the mixer housing and its extension number. With basic numbers that differ by S? L direction of movement by at most a quarter of an even number, there are zeal .ehe Ehrend dnSr period of movement covered fluctuations of the resulting total through w,! Such basic numbers can be controlled in such a way that at least one can be left if at least one basic number is required and a mixed element is either very large, since the fluctuations are then appropriately small The smaller the difference ^{between the two} and the smaller the difference between them and the fact that, in the case of opposite movement, the numbers of the number of openings in the overlap area that can be identified on the overlap area or, with identical divisions, of mutually associated openings between them, the smaller the medium portions A perforated wall is assigned to it or a connected one is connected. In general, therefore, a perforated wall is located and the distance between one is to be preferred Length is that result from the 40 lung-technical advantages. An additional product of the middle Medium flow rate mixing effect can be achieved if the flow criterion in the chamber part lying between the mixing element and the ducts of a mixing element and the holes in the upstream wall and the permanently ordered perforated wall results in a treasure trove of the mixing element. that enclose an angle with each other.

II is in principle possible to use several mixing elements and mixing elements in any order. The element can be reciprocating or one behind the other to switch, the mixing elements being animal. With a rotating movement, the "Τ, η Mkrhelieder preferably in one common- invention structurally particularly easy to combine * Housing are to be arranged. The number of mixed people. It is particularly advantageous if the Cements and mixing elements are, however, 50 mixing elements designed as Rotauon parts Restricts that the pressure drop of the mixer does not lead to mixing members on a common drive shaft «- may get big In individual cases, the combination and the chambers of the mixer housing are arranged lines mixing element with two mixing elements especially cylindrical and coaxial to the drive shaft

^ In order to measure that the flow of the measuring 55 In a preferred embodiment, the

This means that the new laminar mixer does not require an arrangement in such a way that on the

Processing disruptive interruptions drive shaft as a mixing element with little play

or experiences fluctuations, it can expediently be opposite the cylindrical inner wall of the

«£ in the arrangement to be made in such a way that the regulated chamber as well as the assigned g ^e '° 5""

Quoting free passage cross-section of a mixed 60 th wall rotatable perforated disc

etonentes with the associated perforated wall is arranged, whose preferably on the Antnebs-

kU is at least approximately constant.

b particularly simple and clear arrangement of the flow channels and dal> as mixed

conditions if, in a mixing element, the link has a small clearance in the cylindrical interior

Fl ßkanäie and the holes associated with them in the inner wall of the associated chamber in rotation

«Fenced wall in the form of mutually assignable, rotationally symmetrical rotating body grooves

eter of equal or unequal length rows of openings of a passage opening in the area of its circumference

anoidnet sand, the individual openings of which are placed on the drive shaft at ges

11 12

In another embodiment, the position can be shown in FIG. 4 a laminar mixer according to the invention

minarmischer an application designed as a hollow shaft in a second embodiment in the axial

have triebswellc, the cavity of which has a chamber section and

of the laminar mixer and the wall F i g. 5 a laminar mixer according to the invention

Has flow channels and the mixing element 5 dung in a third embodiment in pcrspck-

acts, which as a perforated wall in the cavity tivic representation with partially cut open

Pin protruding from the drive shaft with an open-edged housing.

Recesses on the circumference or one of the drives. FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of the wall comprising the con-shaft with recesses on the continuous laminar mixer. Tn a mixer circumference or associated with radial openings io housing 1 are coaxial with a shaft 2 two cylindrical, the wall of the hollow shaft also three chambers 3 b, 3 c and an additional chamber 3 α formed a lateral forming a mixing member. Which, in a manner not shown, has a passage opening which on the one hand is mounted and sealed in the chamber formed by the driven shaft 2 at 4 and 5 in the mixer shaft cavity and on the other hand housing 1. The addition in one around the drive shaft in the mixer chamber 3a has a lateral inlet opening6; It opens into the recessed chamber running through the housing. is from the chamber 3 b through a with the shaft 2

A particular advantage of the new laminar non-rotatably connected mixing element 7 in the form of a mixer, which is separated by a hot protruding round disc, which circulates with close play to the mixing effect through a compact, robust internal wall of the mixer housing 1 and is characterized by, is in that it can easily be combined with a gear pump at a point on its edge, which has. The chamber 3 b is on the side opposite the mixer, in particular for the use of spinning pumps of member 7, by means of a. For this purpose, the laminar mixer housing 1 firmly connected perforated wall 9 mixer can be designed in such a way that the mixer delimits the central opening for the implementation element with one or more further toothed 25 of the shaft 2 and with a number of loading wheels is in engagement gear, which is provided with brazen 10 in the form of bores, which is arranged on a common bolt circle with the gear wheels in engagement with it, whose in the Mischergehäusc and the cylindrical wall of the chamber 3 b tangieausksparter medium outlet with one longitudinally ren. The perforated wall 9 separates the chamber 3 b of part of the circumference of the wir- 3 ° from the kenden gear provided with an outlet opening 11 extending as a mixing element, in the mixer chamber 3 c. In the chamber 3 c runs a recessed chamber is connected as a mixing housing, the element serving with the shaft 2 rotatably connected through a with their holes the tooth gaps of this dene toothed disc 12, the flow channels forming gear associated with a perforated wall against a tooth gaps 13 on the edge of the disc, with narrow further chamber of the mixer housing is delimited. 35 play against the wall 9 and the cylindrical

It is possible to use the laminar mixer with a Me wall of the chamber 3 c around.

Medium pump, in particular a spinning pump, to summarize the clear cross-sections of the passage opening in a unit in which the laminar 8 of the mixing member 7 and the inlet opening 6 are driven by the mixer and medium pump, preferably via one and the outlet opening 11 are each smaller than a common shaft. Here, 40 the clear cross-sections of the additional chamber 3 α and through the assembly with a gear pump of the chamber 3 c. They are less than a quarter, not to avoid a pressure drop, but even to the cross-sections of the chamber, but are in the area in which a pressure increase is generated. Due to the order of magnitude of the in F i g. 1 design, not shown, and the excellent mixing turbulence provided feed and discharge lines of the mixer. kung is the new laminar mixer, as experiments * s The holes 10 of the perforated wall 9 have shown, for all the cases in their excellent pitch circle evenly distributed, with the dimensions suitable in which difficult conditions hole spacing approximately equal to twice the hole through with regard to the mixture or homogenization is so knife. The thickness of the perforated wall 9, like the material properties of the material to be treated, corresponds approximately to the diameter of the flow channels present in the medium. In addition, the structure is 5 ° 10. The pitch of the tooth gaps 13 of the toothed disk of the mixer is simple, so that maintenance and 12 is approximately equal to twice the gap width. The maintenance is accordingly easy to accomplish. The number of gaps 13 is that of the holes 10 and a long service life is guaranteed. One different. The holes 10 and the tooth gaps

Further advantageous features of the new Lami- 13 are arranged so that they are formed

narmischers result from the subclaims. 55 overlap free passage cross-sections

In the drawing, exemplary embodiments of the can. Subject of the invention shown. It shows medium which through the inlet opening 6 ir 1 shows a laminar mixer according to the invention, the additional chamber 3a flows in, flows over from there

Training in a first embodiment in perspective the passage opening 8 of the rotating mixer

Vischer representation with partially cut link 60 into the chamber 3 b . From Chamber 3 /

housing, it occurs through the overlap of tooth gaps

Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of the stream 13 of the toothed disk 12 with holes 10 of the perforated part

ming conditions in the laminar mixer after wall 9 formed free passage cross-sections ii

F i g. 1 in the area of the disc 7, the chamber 3 c above, from where it emerges through the 3 shows a schematic representation of the flow opening 11 flowing off. To explain how it works

flow ratios in the laminar mixer after tern are: n Fig. 2 the flow ratios ir

F i g. 1 in the area of the perforated wall 9 and the area of the mixing element 7 and in FIG. 3 the Strc Toothed washer 12. Muting conditions in the area of the perforated wall

and the toothed disk 12 illustrated schematically

To illustrate the flow, there is a thick flow tube in the inlet opening 6 in FIG 14 and the further course of the medium entering through this flow tube is shown schematically indicated

Does the passage opening 8 of the mixing element move? past the lateral inlet opening 6, the entering medium flows directly through to the passage opening 8 into the chamber 3 b. However, if the passage opening 8 moves away from the inlet opening 6 in the course of the rotation of the mixing element 7, the entering medium follows this movement and fills the additional chamber 4 a: it cannot, however, flow out through the passage opening to the same extent as it does through the inlet 6 enters, because then to an increasing extent iß the additional chamber 3 ο already existing medium flows out which had entered during the previous rotation of the ao mixing element 7 without being able to flow off through the advancing passage opening 8. If the passage opening moves back towards the inlet opening 6 in the course of the rotational movement of the mixing element 7, the medium, in an effort to seek the path of least resistance, wants to flow from the inlet opening 6 to the passage opening 8 to a greater extent, the closer it is this the inlet opening 6 comes. The consequence of this is that the medium flow into the chamber 3b below the mixing element 7 is practically "folded in".

These relationships are shown in FIG. 2 illustrates:

At the moment shown, the passage opening 8 is furthest from the inlet opening 6 distant point happens and moves towards the inlet opening 6. Since the entering The medium strives to get to the passage opening 8 by the shortest route, it flows into it to an increasing extent from the inlet opening 6 against. In that the medium of the flow conduit 14, however, in the previous course of the rotary movement of the mixing member 7 of the inlet opening 6 endeavoring to follow the passage opening 8 that is moving away, arises behind the inlet opening 6 the loop formation of the flow tube 14 indicated at 15 in FIG. 2. The loop 15 occurs further on Course of the rotary movement, d. H. as the passage opening 8 approaches the inlet opening 6, it enters the passage opening. A loop also forms when the passage opening 8 moves past the inlet opening 6 because that is the Passage opening 8 up to then counter-flowing medium then goes over to follow her. The so at the previous rotation is illustrated at 16, while the instantaneous Loop of the type illustrated at 15, which has arisen in front of the loop 16, is indicated at 17 is.

Below that of the peripheral parts of the drive shaft 2 and of the mixing member 7, to the medium exerted drag effect as well as the adhesion means of the medium on the inner wall of the chamber 3 b and the perforated wall 9 (Fig. 1) take the loops in the chamber 3 ft behind the mixing member 7 the shape of helical lines, where they are stretched by the shear of the medium. They are therefore essentially transverse to the direction of flow through the chamber 3 and become thinner the further they flow therein. This not only has the effect that coarse transverse homogeneities are converted into those that are distributed in the direction of flow or at an angle to it, but also a medium mixture is achieved in the direction of flow because the medium newly entering the mixer housing 1 is brought together with medium parts that are already had entered the additional chamber 3 α earlier.

Of course, there are corresponding conditions if such a mixing element is the one described Type, for example, in the area of the outlet opening 11 (Fig. 1) would be arranged.

The flow ratios in the area of the holes 10 of the perforated wall 9 and the tooth gaps 13 of the toothed disk 12 are shown in FIG. 3 can be seen, in the idealized at 18 Strönuingsfronten of dor on the perforated wall 9 of chamber 3 moves towards medium b are indicated. The flow fronts 18 are assumed to be straight and parallel to the wall 9 at some distance from the perforated wall 9.

Since the spacing of the holes 10 is approximately equal to twice the hole diameter and the pitch of the Tooth gaps 13 are approximately equal to twice the gap width and the number of holes 10 and of the tooth gaps 13 differ from one another by one, there is mutual overlap between the holes 10 and the gaps 13 in the sense that each with the movement of the toothed disc 12 decreasing overlap cross-section between a hole and a tooth gap - accordingly a free passage cross-section - at another point an approximately equal increase Corresponds to the overlap cross-section. Accordingly, the entire resulting free passage cross-section remains, which results from the respective overlap of the holes 10 with the tooth gaps 13, in each Movement phase of the toothed disk 12 is essentially constant, so that a continuous flow of the medium is guaranteed.

With increasing approach to the holes 10 and tooth gaps 13 formed by covering With free passage cross-sections, the originally straight flow fronts 18 become loops moved out. These loops that pass through the free passage cross-sections, such as those in

19 are indicated, are pinched off in the further course of the movement of the toothed disk 12 when a hole in the perforated wall 9 is covered by a tooth of the toothed disk 12, as is illustrated for example at 20. In the further course of the movement, the loops that have been constricted in this way are displaced from the tooth gaps 13 by the medium which is forced in afterwards, when there is again an overlap with a hole 10. This is indicated approximately at 21. The medium portions represented by the displaced loop residues are reassembled below the toothed disk 12 in a different mutual association than they existed before. So are z. B. the medium portions indicated at 21, 22 and 23 all emerged from the tooth gap 13 a, but passed through the holes 10 a or 10 b or 10 c, while the portions

20 and 24 have flowed through the tooth gap 13 b and the holes 10 b and 10 c, respectively.

The one mentioned and shown in the drawing

15th

Looping of the flow fronts, the protruding end of the WesUe 2 'is designed as a hollow shaft that there.> Medium forms on the walls, but sticks to the bottom 25' of the mixer housing holes 10 and the tooth gaps 13, where ses Γ ends. In order to increases the hollow shaft shaped end of the flow rate to the center of each shaft 2 'are in the mixer housing 1', an annular free passage cross-section towards shows 5 additional chamber 3 'd and chambers 3 e and 3 / ausgedaß by passing Meüiumsportionen also forms, and the interior of the hollow end of the shaft 2 can be deformed by Schening, as it forms a further chamber 3'g for the. The additional chamber mixing action is required. 3'd has a side entry opening 6 'and stands

Seen in connection, the following flow conditions for the medium thus result with the chamber 3'g in the interior of the hollow end. io of the shaft 2 'through a lateral passage opening 8 The medium entering through the inlet opening 6 into the additional part T of the chamber 3 a, which forms a mixing element, is connected through the we- hollow shaft wall. In the chamber 3 g kung of the mixing element 7 and its passage protrudes an opening 8 firmly connected to the housing base so that in the chamber 3ft pegs 9'a, the open-edged core behind the mixing element 7, laid in folds on its circumference. 15 benfönnige recesses 10'α has a yield with reindeer, the exclusively to the helical structures of a certain thickness executed partial piece 12 'a pulled apart. As a result, in the hollow shaft wall at the end of the hollow part of the entered medium, the coarse transverse shaft 2 'runs with little play to the pin 9' α inhomogeneities in approximately in the direction of flow and to the housing bottom 25 'and is converted with a distributed inhomogeneity, so that before »o row of flow channels in the form of gaps in Fig. 3 shown flow fronts 18 anna- 13'α. The section 12'α of the hollow corrugation also viewed as inhomogeneity fronts is surrounded by the chamber 3'e , which can be on the wall. On the side opposite the housing bottom 25 ', the medium is then limited by a flow that fluctuates over time and is bounded by a free passage cross-section of the holes 10 and the wall 9' ft which is firmly connected to the mixer housing. The wall 9'ft has a central tooth gap 13 of the perforated wall 9 'or the center opening for the passage of the shaft 2' ^ and disc 12 divided into portions, the inhomo- is with a row on one for Wave 2 'fronts of concentration are broken up. This proportional pitch circle of distributed holes 10'ft is reassembled in a different assignment a lateral outlet opening 11 'inhomogeneity fronts 18 loops are formed, goes off. In the chamber 3 '/ through a shaft 2 with the rear of the toothed disc 12 finely divided Querinhomo-' associated toothed disc rotationally fixed 12 'b begenitäten are present, which by itself off certain thickness with tight clearance to the wall and the same or 9'ft in individual cases again through a 3 '/ um to the cylindrical wall of the chamber. The mixers of this type can be balanced. 35 Toothed disk 12'ft is provided with tooth gaps 13'ft. At the same time, in the case of the portion-wise flow through the flow channels assigned to the holes 10'ft, the holes 10 and the tooth gaps 13 are represented.

Lumpy inhomogeneities divided, deformed and re-The arrangement and mutual assignment of the

orderly. Just like the fine transverse homogeneity recesses 10a of the pin 9'α and the gaps, these parts of lumpy inhomogeneity 4 ° 13'α of the hollow wall 12'α and the holes would relatively easily even out themselves. The 10'ft of the wall 9'b and the tooth gaps 13'ft to compensate for the inhomogeneities are also supported by the toothed disk 12'ft that is supported in the embodiment that, as a result of the dragging according to FIG. 1 described arrangement and effect of the toothed disc 12 occurring shear mutual assignment of the holes 10 of the perforated further deformed. 45 wall 9 or the tooth gaps 13 of the toothed disk

The mixer could, moreover, also be in the surrounding area. In particular, it corresponds to the design

In the opposite direction, the medium flows through it according to FIG. 1 and also the number of recesses 10 ′ α . In this case the flow tubes of the number of gaps 13'α as well as the number of the tooth gaps \ Z of the toothed disk 12 and the holes 10'ft of the number of tooth gaps 13'ft per holes 10 of the perforated wall 9 would be in parts 50 because different by one, so that with the simultaneous deformation and rearrangement cover of recesses 10'α with gaps 13'a, while through the action of the holes 10'ft with tooth gaps 13'ft each mixing element 7 with the Passage opening 8 ~ because a constant free passage cross section redistribution of this deformed and rearranged result.

Sections over the entire cross-section of the Ausli ins-55 The HohlweHenwand 12'α and the toothed washer opening comes about. 12'ft therefore practice in conjunction with the notched tap

The fact that in this embodiment the ports 9'a or the perforated wall 9'ft when the drive shaft 2 rotates extends through the assembly chamber 3a and the shaft 2 ', just as in the embodiment according to the chambers 3ft and 3c 1 shows the toothed disk 12 in conjunction with the perforated wall 9 between the chamber walls and the shaft 2, and the mixing effect is reinforced by a shear flowing through the mixer. Medium as explained with reference to FIG. 3. The basically same mode of operation shows the effect of a mixing element while guaranteeing a further embodiment of the new laminar continuous flow. The hollow shaft mixer shown in FIG. 4 schematically shows the wall 7 'with the passage opening 8' is again light: 65 works just like that in the embodiment according to FIG. 1

In a mixer housing 1 'is not further described in mixing member 7 shown with the Durchtritts-% manner driven wave2' and 4 'overall opening 8 explained in reference to FIG. 2

stored and sealed. That in the mixer housing 1 'way.

_Dorck die exercise * _m the addition - 3 '<(entering medium nrft. Through ^^ Ε, Medi I ² ' ^a

of the shaft 2 "laid in folds

one the hindu * r «5

; n 9 'α extended so that the

9'fl acting shear screw hole ^ r "" £ _k _ _channels result. _Of leadership form the Mi

pulled before the medium by ^ Ob «* ^ ^ _p . _{g 5} «teme ^ W ^

Fluctuating in time and place in the ^^ J * / Hegenden Seiten ^^^^ ", fund M''b l · The penetrating medium spomons get per Ug ^ the cover plate M α and 26 b

3 ·

in general

g-f

Portions are divided, deformed and rearranged so that the inhomogeneities can easily be compensated for. This compensation is accelerated and intensified in the design of the mixer according to FIG. 4 by the fact that the medium in the chamber Ve by shear wiping the hollow shaft wall 12 α and the walls of the chamber Ve is further standardized, then when it passes through the holes IC » ft the perforated wall 9'b and the tooth gaps 13jj de toothed disk 12'6 again in portions and rearranged and finally the shear between the toothed disk Wb and the hollow shaft wall? ' on the one hand and the walls of the chamber 3 / on the other hand, before it flows off through the outlet opening 11 '. As in the embodiment according to FIG. 1, the direction of flow can also be reversed in the embodiment according to FIG. The mixing of the medium would indeed take place in a different sequence in detail, but would result in the same effect overall. .

Since the recesses Wa are to be accommodated on the relatively small circumference of the pin 9 ', it may be desirable from a manufacturing point of view to reduce the number of recesses 10'. In order to ensure constancy of the free passage cross section resulting from the overlap of recesses Wa with gaps 13 '* of the hollow shaft wall 12'a, the number of recesses is preferably chosen to be an odd number, e.g. 3 or 5, smaller than the number of Gaps 13 '«. But instead of the pin Va one could also provide an annular wall surrounding the hollow shaft _{wall 12 'β} with recesses 10 α on the inner circumference or radial openings, in which case the medium is no longer between the hollow shaft wall 12'a and the pin 9'α but J ^ ^en _7ahnradpumpe known type, in which a ω H ^ interpreted rotation of the \ veue by 2 ^ ' ^«n _{rin m} game to the housing 1 for

^ ~ i ^ 1g S ^ ^^ _{fMt with the walk}

DfJjJ ^ _{n wall} 9 "from the recess 28" 1 ve bun « _1ψ , _fönJert deviating from

^aer ^ _n ⁱⁿ the gear pump Msjui "η ^ ^^ is _a part of the Umjparung ^ _Zah nradesl2" in Gehausei 'fangs being ^ae _{yh m go} äuse 1 "recessed

saved Kam _{The Kam r} 3 "Λ extends

Chamber ^ _recess g 28 ", so that £ J the on

g "™ gear 12" adjacent part 30 gear rim oe _{comb size rfc still against}

Js housing _{The mk dem} housing 1 "

^ saving Z «^^ _? . ^ ^ _ßereic

^fe f ^ ^ ₁ Vf as far as this from the chamber 3 " h gear rim 1, ^. ^ ^ _{holes 1Q} " _vgr _

^u » ^summarizes * '™; _c ^m "J _{1 tooth} gaps 13" of the gear

1 ϊ "can cover. The same Lö-JJ ubejdecR ^e * £ _{ih being the} division

rather IC »^ diameter and the double " ** _{the au {the length of the}

AnzahJ ^ JJ ™ ^ ⁸ _Z ahnteilungen of the gear; _{it is} . The holes open into

™ _{centrically in the} housing block out- κοηζ ^ ^ ^^

Mixing element 7 "7" is on its in the wall 3 " i g 8"

g 8 "is the ^ ^, ^ _

connected, from the

12 mn ^
one to

2 y
limited

ubr gen

Chamber:
educated
e.ne Aurttjoffnung

in detail Medium flowing through the mixer in the

Hand of fig. 3 as a mixing element a. The mixed material 7 "with the passage opening 8 ″ in turn corresponds to the mixing element 7 described in the embodiment according to FIG Her passage opening 8, the effect of which on the basis of FIG. 2 was explained.

Medium entering through the inlet opening 6 ″: n the recess 78 ″ is taken up by the tooth gaps of the gear wheels 12 ″ and 27 ″. The sedium absorbed by the tooth gaps of the gear wheel 27 ″ is conveyed into the recess 29 ″, _where it is squeezed out of the tooth gaps by the mutual engagement of the gears. From the recess 29 "this medium flows further iß the chamber 3" h and from there through the free passage cross-sections resulting from the overlap of tooth gaps 13 "of the gear 12" with Sem 10 "of the perforated Wan ^ 9" in portions as well as itself and locally fluctuatingly into the chamber 3 ″ L At the same time, however, it also displaces the medium portions conveyed into the chamber ri by the tooth gaps 13 ″ of the gear 12 ″ from the recess 28 ″. As a result of this mutual displacement of parts of the medium, which were widely separated from one another when they entered the mixer, an additional rearrangement of the medium is achieved compared to the honors according to FIGS. 1 and 4. Another SSHE to rearrangement results from the fact that the vnm gear 12 "is not conveyed medium completely by the number of gaps 13 '" flows i 3 ", but partly ^™ εί1εΐ ^?" In the chamber 3 L ^ Mediumsrung 29 "is conveyed , wc.es s.cn ^^ _Hérange share mixed, by the Z-annrau _{Me (i, u} m in the leads are Finally ^^ _{of the tooth} chamber 3 "h as a result of a" UEPP ™ "|.. y, · _We d rades 12 "strongly sheared. In ^ά " Λ ^ _άεπ1 umlaudas the medium through shear fiss ^ T _the mixing element 7 "in the chamber and the mixing element

3 "i deformed, then duichOje: mn _ZusaU _

7 "rotating D« ^ ™ ^? ™ * ^ * »the mixing chamber 3" k folded and ^^ etching chamber 3 " k güed 7" and the walls ■ ** £ _{& Q outlet} söff again sheared before it

voltage 11 "flows." _{of the} j ^ i _sc manufactured

By _"immediate Abhäuses 1" between the Leii and the ring gear l · - ρ _chamber 3 "h

^^^. ^^^ J ^ Vz ^^^ ¹² " is guaranteed ^""V _{6 emen} pressure rise and 27" f ^ e Zahwadpump ^ me ^^

generated, the ^ ^{M 'SchU} _ü ⁿ _b = _r k _omp ensiert the fur. The falling compensated or ga_ uoerK ^ ^ ^^ ^ _n version of the mixer NaCN s- _nachg eschalgroßem advantage if ^{ei "de} g ^ ^l _kabsenkung impressive Teter process by urucK

was pregnant. Mixer according to FIGS. 1, 4

The executions of the Mtfcn _{Q too}

and 5 can easily mu P H _

an E ^ SgJJ ^ ffiÄ a common pump and mixers from one and the same shaft.

For this purpose 2 sheets of drawings

Claims (16)

Patent claims: 1. Continuous laminar mixer for viscous, in particular highly viscous media, with movable, driven mixing elements, in which at least one mixing element having flow channels of a certain length can be moved between two in the flow direction of the medium behind the arranged chambers of a mixer housing along a perforated wall that is fixed to the housing and separates the chambers, whose flow channels can be temporarily covered with holes in the gclochth wall with the formation of individual passage cross-sections, characterized in that between one of the two chambers (36, 3'g, 3'e, 3 "i) and an additional chamber (3 a, 3 ' d, 3 "Jt) of the mixer housing is arranged a mixing element (7, 7 ', 7") which can be moved transversely to the flow path of the medium with transverse folding of the medium flow and has a passage opening (8, 8', 8 ") / whose cross-section is smaller than the clear cross-section of the adjacent chambers (3 b - 3 α, 3 'g - 3' d, 3" / - 3 "it) i st. 2. Laminar mixer according to claim 1, characterized in that the by the covering of flow channels (13, 13'α, 13'6, 13 ") of a mixing element (12, 12 ' a, 12'ft, 12") and of holes (10, 10'α, 10 '6, 10 ") of the perforated wall formed free passage cross-section is approximately the size of the clear cross-section of the medium supply and discharge lines to the mixer housing, so that the pressure drop occurring over the entire I.aminarmischer is due to appropriate dimensioning the passage cross-section and length is in the order of magnitude of the pressure drop in the medium supply and discharge lines to the mixer housing, and that the axial length of the flow channels of the mixing element and the holes in the perforated wall corresponds at least to their hydraulic diameter. 3. Laminar mixer according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross section of the passage opening (8, 8 ', 8 ") of a mixing element (7, 7', 7") is at most a quarter of the clear cross section of the adjacent chambers {3b-3a, 3 'g-3'd, 3 "i-3" k) of the mixer housing and is approximately the size of the clear cross-section of the medium supply and discharge lines to the mixer housing and its extent in the direction of movement is at most a quarter of the path covered during a movement period matters. 4. Laminar mixer according to claim 3, characterized in that the cross section of the passage opening (8, 8 ', 8 ") of the mixing member (7,7'. 7") during a period of movement of the mixing member within the predetermined by the cross-sections of the adjacent chambers of the mixer housing Limits can be moved over the maximum possible path of movement. 5. Laminar mixer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one mixing element (12, 12 ') and a mixing member (7, 7') are arranged either in opposite directions or moved in the same direction one behind the other, and that when they move in opposite directions, these follow one another directly or with movement in the same direction, the perforated wall assigned to a mixing element (9, 9 a, 96, 9 ") or an additional perforated wall lies between them and the distance between a perforated wall and a mixing element is at least equal to the length resulting from the product of the mean medium flow rate in the chamber part lying between the mixing element and the perforated wall and the duration of a period of movement of the mixing element. 6. Laminan mixer according to claims 2 and 5, characterized in that with a mixing element (12, 12'α, 12'6, 12 ") the flow channels (13, 13'α, 13'6, 13") and these associated holes (10, 10'α, 10'6, 10 ") of the perforated wall (9, 9Ό, 9'6, 9") are each arranged in the form of mutually associated rows of openings of equal or unequal length, the individual openings of which change when moving of the mixing elements relative to the perforated wall, progressively in the direction of movement, temporarily, locally with the formation of an overlap either over the entire length of the rows of openings or only in one or more sub-areas of the rows of openings, the position and length of which can optionally be changed over time. 7. Laminan mixer according to claim 6, characterized in that the resulting free passage cross section of a mixing element (12, 12'α, 12'6, 12 ") with the associated perforated wall (9. 9'a. 9'6. 9") is at least approximately constant over time. 8. Laminan mixer according to claim 7, characterized in that the mixing element (12, 12'α, 12'6 12 ") and the associated perforated wall (9, 9'a, 9'6, 9") have rows of openings, at each of which is equal to one another with constant double the value of the in Direction of the respective row measured opening width arranged with a corresponding pitch are, and the length of the area, possibly divided into sub-areas, which are assigned to one another row of openings, in which openings can be covered, is constant over time and the divisions of mutually assigned rows of openings falling on this overlap area if necessary after division by common integer factors, to an odd Differ number. 9. Laminan mixer according to claim 1, characterized in that the flow channels (13, 13'α, 13'6,13 ") of a mixing element (12, 12'α, 12'6, 12 ") and the holes (10, 10'α. 10'6. 10") of the associated perforated wall (9, 9'a, 9'6, 9 ") are designed as slots which form an angle include each other. 10. Laminan mixer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mixing elements and mixing elements designed as rotating parts are arranged on a common drive shaft (2, 2 ', 2 ") and the chambers (3a, 36, 3c, 3'rf, 3' e, 3'f, 3 "L 3" k) of the mixer housing (1, 1 ', 1 ") are cylindrical and coaxial with the drive shaft. 11. Laminar mixer according to claim 10, characterized in that on the drive shaft (2, 2 ', 2 ") a perforated disc (12, 12' b) which can be set in rotation with sufficient play relative to the cylindrical inner wall of the associated chamber (3 c, 3 '/) and to the associated perforated wall is arranged as a mixing element, whose holes, preferably concentric to the drive shaft, form the through-flow channels (13, 13 ' b) and that a mixing element with little play to the cylindrical inner wall of the associated chamber (3 a, 3 b, 3 "i-3" k) in Rotation displaceable rotationally symmetrical rotating body (7, 7 ") with a passage opening in the region of its circumference is placed on the drive shaft 12. Laminar mixer according to claim 11, characterized in that the mixing element is designed as a toothed disk or toothed wheel (12 b, 12 ") 13. Laminannischer according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it 'has the cavity forming a chamber (3'G) of Laminarmischers and whose wall (12 designed as a hollow shaft drive shaft (2)' a) flow channels (13 'α) and which acts as a mixing element, to which, as a perforated wall, a pin (9'a) protruding into the cavity of the drive shaft with open-edged recesses (10'α) on the periphery or a wall surrounding the drive shaft with recesses on the inner periphery or with is assigned to radial openings, and that the wall of the hollow shaft also forms a mixing elementc: a lateral passage opening (8 ') which on the one hand into the chamber (3'g) formed by the shaft cavity and on the other hand into an all around the drive shaft (2') ) in the mixer housing (1) extending recessed chamber {3'd) opens. 14. Laminannischer according to claim 12, characterized in that the mixing element is a with one or more further gears (27 ") meshing gear (12"), the forms a gear pump with the gears in engagement with it, which is in the mixer housing (1 ") recessed medium outlet (29") with one extending along part of the circumference of the air mixing element acting gear (12 ") extending in the mixer housing (1") Recessed chamber (3 "/ z) is connected to the tooth gaps through a hole (10") (13 ") of this gear (12") associated perforated wall (9 ") against another chamber 3 "/) of the mixer housing (1") is delimited. 15. Laminan mixer according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is combined to form a unit with a medium pump, in particular a spinning pump is, in the laminar mixer and medium pump, preferably driven via a common shaft are. 16. Laminar mixer according to claim 15, characterized in that it is the medium pump is upstream.