DE1539163A1 - Ignition device - Google Patents

Description

Zilndvarri (3htlA ## '4 Dfe Z * rf Indur14, concerns an ignition device that is used for a Brei7in>kra-f'tmazahla-e can be used, especially Urirl beloved, serene. so-Icher 3yaterae, In W # elehen the Ühliehe Unt ## r- 1 crusher device, generated by an electronic circuit s et - ti st Every known internal combustion engine is the fuel in -tufz: # -. Llir-ui, ic # rfollow # the periods ignited, which in k, iiiiit3r by means of a, Unterl -) r # 3chers and associated together with a mechanical, (Ireh- barz-, ri distributor synchronized who! #jn. 7, s siri.-1 already f, i, 3 proposed t-ords in which the interrupter "rustic and - the mechanical distributor through an electronic - Maintenance sets are used to perform similar tasks in dependence of electrical switching impulses caused by len 3etricb of the 114 machine and generated synchronously with the same The present invention consists of such in many cases the mechanical breaker and -preferred- also the mechanical distributor is eliminated and by # L-ine CD electronic device are replaced. In those on which the present Eirfin- clung mainly relates, It is most valuable for a reliable j, # ignition of the fuel Jorge too wear, especially at high machine speeds and with, a large number of cylinders, as well as even under un- favorable evaluation condition: en-. is. also wt! nE> -c-Iieniiwert " to provide these characteristics in a cyclical manner that corresponds to the existing i, #, aschinens """:# temem compatible and easy in. the same can be used, as well as the easy- so, trained, can that; 3I want to love give., Object. diar - # .- 4, rfinc # lung is dahar an un! - 1, Engine ignition system (ii. i, i'inen an.1-eren r b11,1-A .-. in at high Another ler,., R # 'in, lu.ni billet --i-, las beson-1 (3rs for i, t .... s ("hinen Number of cylinders on.; Eis # M uri-1 / # 3-ler in even odd rlasch3nztin-1z3itc # n ver ", '" gn # l (-; n. 2 another counter- # tunr. ' -ler -invention forms a Zj.3teii, that causes an effective ignition despite unfavorable Beclin- changes, such as ver # -, chiriultzter Zün - lk (, - rzen. Yet another subject of the invention 7.-111et '- # in that is convenient and versatile, in that an authoritative -Ichalt- feed is provided that is easily one can be customized. The subject of the invention is also a #jysi; erii, ju, - 17, iiF; chinen 1 -.-- eknown. '#, Rt compatible and easy in ben can be used, 3o #, # iie a simple training having. According to the invention, these and other goals are achieved by the arrangement of a new and usable engine ignition system which has a number of new features, each of which contributes to the achievement of one or more of the above objectives and which all interact with one another, ui, i to obtain a complete Z1 and system which has the above desirable i, -, j # 2i, kinale to a high degree. According to a characteristic of the Zirfindung, a Quolle, a series of 'puiinungs-i' -, ip pulses, such as one driven by i # iasc * tiineni # iellu, is connected to a multitude of separate capacitive l # iiiricht *, ing # 3n, to charge the same. The separate 1 # apacitive 3 devices are individually connected by a regular 3 switching device "-, lit EL the same plurality of corresponding different rows of fuel ignition devices for -the engine, each ignition device as fuel ignition device can contain, for example, the usual ignition ore. Two capacitive devices are preferred and two rows of ignition devices are provided Switching device is supplied in such a way that the plurality of capacitive devices are successively discharged by their associated ignition device, each such discharge generating a voltage pulse for igniting the fuel the gas in one cylinder of a row of six cylinders is ignited first by the discharge of one capacitive device, and then the gas in a cylinder of the other row is ignited by the discharge of the other capacitive device, and so on. The effect of this successive discharge of the plurality of capacitive devices is is to provide a greater effective gap between successive discharges of a given capacitive device than would be present using only a single capacitive device. It has been found to leave this greater effective gap between successive discharges - a certain capacitive one. The device is of practical importance in order to give the corresponding switching device sufficient time to reach the completely blocking position again, as well as to allow the capacitive device to be recharged accordingly. With this arrangement the machine can at high speeds to operate reliably without the condition to achieve, in which the time between successive discharges of the capacitive Zinrichtung is so short that 'can not reach their fully bloykierende position an actuated switch means and said capacitive means in the time between consecutive ignitions of the fuel cannot be recharged. Accordingly, the machine will operate more reliably at high speeds.

In a bev'orztwJ; en-embodiment, the ErfbrIung ührungsforrn there is the above-mentioned 1 'Reiheder pulses of pulses having alternately opposite polarities which are generated by an electric generator consists of the -.lielcher Flußschaltelementen of an ordinary magnet, with a single output winding is provided. The pulses with alternating polarity are then fed to a bridge rectifier, with one half of the bridge feeding the charging pulses to one capacitive device and the other half of the bridge feeding the charging pulses to the other capacitive device. The polarities of the voltages developed in parallel to each capacitive device in this way are preferably the same relative to a reference potential. At least one charging pulse is applied to each capacitive device for each discharge of the same.

As a further preferred feature, the pulses are changing iflit Polarity is generated in parallel to an inductor and is set to a predetermined one maximum amplitude limited by means of a pair of branch circuits, one of which each connected in parallel to part of the inductor. The one branch circuit consists of a rectifier and a zener diode connected in series and whose direction of transmission is opposite to each other.

The (Jere branch circuit also consists of a rectifier and a Zener diode, the polarities of which are connected in opposite directions to those in the first branch circuit. The effect of these elements is to "generate a continuous short circuit parallel to part of the inductor" -. # Jenn the Iinpulsainplitude a previously-C> G2-voted ".i -, rt, exceeds #ER (Iurch is bestirrimt the Jurchschlagsspannung of the zener diodes in this Ilse, the 2inwirkung übermässigen- a voltage on said capacitive means and on. prevented by the ignition device fed by the same.

According to a further 1 '*' control pulse of the system, the control pulses for regulating the times at which the capacitive devices are discharged are generated by a device, b, CD, which moves a magnet n and an inductor past each other - ", jags, for example by twisting a pole of a magnet past an inductor, which lies at a radial distance from the center of rotation of the magnet, ui consists of a plate of magnetic material provided with recesses ... which is connected between the inductor and the 1st magnet i, Inductor and magnet, is essentially aligned when the inductor and magnet pass each other, and the arrangement is such that the plate has a relatively large size g forms a slight reluctance path for the magnetic flux until the inductor and magnet are aligned with the recess in the plate, at which time the flux suddenly increases to a sudden increase in the inductor magnetic flux through the inductor and a corresponding steeply increasing 3-voltage pulse in the same. This is advantageous in that a usable voltage pulse of large amplitude is generated in the inductor. It is particularly advantageous if a number of inductors are circumferentially spaced around the plate, each inductor generating a pulse to control the ignition in a different cylinder. cz enables In the latter case, * the use of a plate having a corresponding each inductor Ausrülmung that the inductors was in a relatively small dimensions of each other, take place without significant changes in flux in more than one Induktorauf.einmal. Again, this is particularly advantageous at high engine speeds where, without the recessed plate, substantial pulse voltages can occur simultaneously in adjacent inductors and thus create unreliability in the desired sequential actuation of the ignition elements of the machine. In addition, the size and shape of one or more recesses in the plate made of magnetic material can be selected in order to obtain a predetermined degree of automatic indexing feed as the machine speed increases, so that the system can be adapted to different machines, while the same Rotary magnet arrangement and the same inductor system are used while only the arrangement of the recesses in the plate is changed. According to another feature, each inductor is preferably surrounded on at least two opposite sides by a single yoke member of magnetic material which provides a low reluctance magnetic flux path between the recessed plate and the vicinity of the remote end of the inductor. This not only reduces crosstalk between adjacent inductors, but also shields the inductor against external magnetic fields.

According to another feature of the system preferably used, contains any ignition device through which the capacitive devices are discharged, a voltage step-up transformer, which is adjacent to the corresponding ignition element is arranged for igniting the fuel in the machine. The rJftmsformator is a high frequency transformer, like the same for example for high frequency amplification used on radio or television. The transformer has a magnetic core made of a high frequency material such as ferrite, as well as a secondary winding of low capacitance, e.g. a pi-winding or universal winding. The usage such a transformer effectively preserves its rapid rise time supplied pulses, whereby not only a more precisely switched ignition of the ignition element, but also better and more reliable ignition of the ignition elements under unfavorable conditions Conditions obtained such as when the ignition elements come out of dirty spark plugs exist. Since the transformer can sustain a narrow pulse, will less total electrical energy is supplied to each ignition element, thereby reducing the operating time the ignition elements is increased.

Jeles of the various features that have been described generally above, provides a useful and advantageous improvement of electronic ignition systems for machines. When However, all features are used in common, they interact so that the system particularly comprises vorteilhaftt properties. All features work together, for example, to achieve the desired goal of reliable operation at high machine speeds. The use of multiple capacitive devices, each used in conjunction with a different series of ignition devices, therefore enables the capacitors to be rapidly and repeatedly discharged and recharged as required at high engine speeds. The arrangement of the recessed plate provides sharp, precise control pulses with little crosstalk, which is also important for operation at high machine speeds. The use of a high frequency step-up transformer to maintain a rapid rise in pulses and relatively small pulse widths is also essential to reliable and accurate operation at high engine speeds. Further features and advantages of the invention emerge from the description below.

1 2 is a block diagram 4ine preferred Ausführungsforrn of the overall system according to the E r- 'invention illustrated shows a electrical schematic diagram illustrating the electrical characteristics of a preferred embodiment of the invention, prop: In the drawings... an electrical circuit diagram that illustrates a modified embodiment of part of the circuit according to FIG.

FIGS. 4A and 4B show a longitudinal section and a plan view Embodiment of a 3 control pulse generating device designed according to a feature of the invention, which has a recessed plate.

5 shows an electrical circuit diagram illustrating another preferred embodiment of the electrical circuit of a system according to the invention.

FIGS. 6A and 6B show, in longitudinal section and in plan, another embodiment of a control pulse generating device designed according to a feature of the invention, which has a plate provided with recesses. FIGS. 7A and 7B show a longitudinal section and an end view with the cover plate removed of another preferred embodiment of the device which has certain features of the invention.

8 shows a partial plan view of a modified embodiment of FIG and the inductor of FIG. 4B.

The Figurpen 9A and gB, 9C are schematic diagrams to which reference is made in explaining the relationship between the engine speed and the generation of the control pulses according to the invention .. Figures 9D and gri, images are of the same type as shown in FIGS gA, Figures 9B, 9C and 9B illustrate other shapes and dimensions of the recesses in the magnetic material plate used in certain preferred embodiments of the invention. Figures 10A, 10B show a longitudinal section and an end view of a voltage converter arrangement according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.

Figure 10C is a cross section taken along line 10C-10C of Figure 10A.

FIG. 11 is an electrical schematic diagram illustrating a modified embodiment of a portion of the circuit of FIG. 2.

The exemplary embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 1 shows a machine 10, which can be a conventional gasoline engine, which is provided with a speed control 12, such as the conventional accelerator lever. In this example it is assumed that the engine has twelve cylinders, each of which is provided with its associated spark plug for igniting the gas in respective cylinders, and that the engine 10 is a conventional four-stroke engine.

The switched ignition of the gas in the cylinders is effected by an engine ignition device 14, which in this example usually has a circuit which holds twelve spark plugs ui, # i, one for each cylinder of the engine 10. The task of the remaining part of the system Fig. 1 consists in successively applying appropriate voltage pulses to the engine ignition device so that each voltage pulse ignites the correct spark plug at the correct time.

To achieve this, an alternating voltage generator 18 is provided which is driven by the machine crankshaft 20 via a corresponding gear 22 so that the same generates a series of pulses with alternating poles at its output terminal 24 in synchronism with the rotation of the crankshaft 20. The gearbox # 22 is designed to produce the desired multiple relationship between the frequency of rotation of the crankshaft 20 and the frequency of occurrence of the pulses at the output terminal 24- of the generator 18. In the present example, the alternating voltage generator 18 may consist of a modified conventional magnet in which the primary and secondary windings are removed and replaced by an output winding which preferably has a greater number of turns than is usually used in the primary winding of a magnet. Assuming that the magnet is of the type which generates a positive and a negative output pulse for each complete revolution of its armature, the transmission 22 in the present example can have a ratio of 3 : 1 from the engine crankshaft to the rotor of the generator so that for every two complete revolutions of the engine crankshaft at the output terminal of the generator 18, six positive and six negative pulses are generated the gear ratio can be reduced proportionally in order to maintain the same output pulse frequency of the generator.

The pulse train of the generator 18 is applied in parallel to a rectifier device 30, which responds to a first polarity, and to a second rectifier device 32, which responds to a second polarity. The rectifier device 30 responds, for example, only to the positive pulses from the generator 18 and the rectifier device 32 responds only to the negative pulses of the pulse series in order to allow the current to pass. As will be explained in more detail below, the rectifier devices 30 and 32 preferably generate output current pulses of the same polarity. However, the pulses from the rectifier device 30 alternate with the pulses from the rectifier device 32 , as indicated by the waveforms in this figure is., The pulses from the synchronizing device 30 are controlled by a trigger and pulse generation circuit 36 for the action, while the output power of the rectifier device 32 is fed to a capacitance discharge and pulse generation circuit 38 controlled by a trigger. Each of the current circuits 36 and 38 responds to the input current pulses which are fed to it from the corresponding rectifier device 30 and 32 in order to charge a capacitor in the same in accordance with each of the input pulses. The circuit -36 in this example has six output connections 40, 42, 44, 46, 48 and 49, each of which is effective to generate a capacitance discharge from the circuit 36 via one of the spark plugs in the engine ignition device 14 , depending on which of the input lines 50, 52, 54, 56, 58 and 59 is supplied with a trigger control pulse in order to trigger the discharge. Inputs 50, 52, 54, 56, 58 and 59 speak responds to the trigger input pulses to ignite the six different spark plugs connected to output leads 42, 44, 46, 48 and 49. Likewise, the trigger pulses applied to input lines 60, 62, 64, 66, 68 and 70 are effective to ignite another set of six spark plugs in engine ignition device 14 via output lines 72, 74, 76, 78, 8o and 82 of the circuit 38 to effect. Therefore, to cause any of the twelve cylinders to ignite, it is only necessary to apply a release control pulse to one of the corresponding release input lines, 50-70.

To the necessary. Trigger pulses at the required times depending on the phase of the machine operation to be achieved for which the fuel combustion is desired, if a magnetic-electric trigger pulse generator 90 is used, which has a plate provided with recesses. As will be described in more detail below '., A. In general, the trigger pulse generator 90 contains a number of inductors which is equal to the number of cylinders of the machine and which are circumferentially spaced around a center point, as well as a magnet with a pole around the center point In the present example twelve inductors are used and the rotatable element of the trigger pulse generator 90 is coupled to the crank shaft 20 of the machine 10 through a gearbox with a reduction ratio of 1: 2, so that through The generator generates six trigger pulses for each revolution of the shaft 20. The connections from the pulse generating circuits 36, 38 to the twelve cylinders of the machine and the connections from the trigger pulse generator 90 to the twelve input lines for the two pulse generating circuits 36, 38 are arranged so that that the trigger control pulses are on the correct output line en le.-3 generator 90 are generated in order to effect the desired sequence of ignition of the spark plugs. This sequence is selected according to known principles for the machine in question in a corresponding manner. The spark plugs of the machine are divided into two rows and each row is actuated by a different pulse-generating circuit. The selection of which spark plugs are connected to the pulse generating circuit 36 and which are connected to the pulse generating circuit 38 is made in such a way that successive decentring of the spark plugs by the two pulse generating circuits takes place alternately. The details of the circuit and the design of the overall system and the various components, as well as the features and advantages thereof, will now be described with special reference to the more detailed representations in the other figures of the drawings.

In Fig. 2, a first row of six spark plugs 102, lo4, lo6, lo8, 110, 112 and a second row of six spark plugs 114, 116, 118, 120, 122, 124 is shown. Each of these twelve spark plugs are connected to one of the cylinders of the engine 10 of FIG. 1 and each is responsive to a voltage pulse applied to it during a combustion stroke in the cylinder to which it is connected to dispense the fuel therein ignite. One terminal of the spark plug 102 is grounded and the other terminal is connected to one terminal of the secondary winding I_30 of the voltage step-up transformer -132 . The other terminal of the secondary winding 130 is connected to ground, via an electronically controlled switch in the form of a silicon rectifier mi% 4 136 an anode element 138, a cathode element 140 and a Steuerelernent 142 The silicon rectifier is of the usual type, which is non-conductive when the control electrode 142 is at the same potential as the cathode 140, but which becomes highly conductive in the manner of a tliyratron when the control electrode 142 is made sufficiently positive relative to the cathode 140 .

One end of the primary winding 144 d ## - s Transfort # riators is connected to a single connection point 146 between the 3ekundärwic-Lung l # 30 un-1 of -l.no, 2e 1111b! -I - s -3 silicon rectifier 136 a diode 147 is also provided, the anode of which is connected to i # rde and the cathode of which is connected to the control electrode 142 of the silicon rectifier 136 . Each of the spark plugs 104, 106i 108, 110, 112, 114, 116, 118, 120, 122 and 124 is connected to 2vde and to a voltage step-up transformer, a silicon rectifier and a diode in exactly the same way as for the spark plug 102 The upper or input end 150 of the transformer primary winding 144 is connected to the upper plate 151 of the capacitive device 152 , which may consist of an ordinary capacitor. The other plate of capacitive device 152 is connected to ground. Each of the primary windings of the transformer, which is connected to the spark plug 102, 104, 106, 108, 110 and 11-2, is connected in the same way to the plate 151 of the capacitive device 152 . The corresponding upper or input ends of each of the primary windings of the transformer connected to spark plugs 114, 116, 118, 120, 122 and 124 are similarly connected directly to top plate 154 of another capacitive device 156 which is a. The capacitor 152 can be identical to the capacitor. The other plate of the capacitive device 156 is connected to ground.

Therefore, when the capacitor 152 is charged so that its top plate 151 is positive to earth, no current will pass through any of the transformer primary windings connected to it as long as the control electrodes 142 of the corresponding silicon rectifier are at earth potential in order to have a current blocking effect produce. If-however a positive impulse on the Electrode before the silicon rectifier, which is connected to the six spark plugs 102-112, is brought into action, the charged capacitor 152 will suddenly discharge via the primary winding of the transformer connected to this silicon rectifier, generate a high-voltage pulse in the secondary winding of the corresponding transformer and the corresponding spark plug ignite. When the capacitor 156 is charged, will. Likewise ... one of the spark plugs 114-124 is ignited in that the silicon rectifier connected to this spark plug is made conductive by positive impulses which are sent to the control electronics of the corresponding silicon rectifier. Imposition can be brought. The main task of the rest of the part of the device shown in FIG. 2 is; M # the required charging, of the two capacitive; e-4n- #. directions 152, 156 and the timely switching on of the various silicon equilibrium judges, ut- ". to bring about the desired, successive; ignition of the spark plugs.

In this embodiment, the electrical device for charging the capacitive devices 152, 156 consists of a growing voltage source, which in this case is shown as a modified magnet 200 which has an output winding 202 instead of the usual primary and secondary windings. The rotatable armature 204 of the magnet, which is made of magnetic material, is set in rotation via a corresponding gear mechanism and a mechanical connection by the machine crank shaft, as shown in FIG. 1 #. As a result, for each complete revolution of armature 204 in parallel with winding 202, a voltage waveform similar to that shown at 202a is generated.

The opposite ends of the winding 202 are connected to the opposite connection points of a bridge rectifier circuit 206. This contains a first diode 2080, the anode of which is grounded and the cathode of which is connected to the connection point 20, a second diode 212, the anode of which is connected to the connection point 210 and the cathode of which is connected to the upper plate 151 of the capacitive device 152 , a third diode 214 whose anode is grounded and whose cathode is connected to junction point 216 , and a fourth diode 218 whose anode is connected to junction point 216 and whose cathode is connected to top plate 154 of capacitive device 156 .

The task of the bridge rectifier circuit 206 is to bring the positive impulses of the wave shape 202a onto the upper plate 151 of the capacitor 152 to effect, un; to charge the same positively, and to bring the negative impulses of the * .-; 'ellen4Lorrrt 2022a on the upper plate of the capacitor 156 to effect, in order to also make the same positive. -charging. This is indicated by the following circumstance: 't ... if the upper -'"in# e of the winding 202 is positive relative to an-Jercn, positive current from the junction point 210 can flow through the Diode 212 will flow to capacitor 152 , but cannot get through diode 218 or otherwise to capacitor 156. -However, during periods when waveform 202a is negative, the bottom of winding 202 is more positive than its top End, and during these periods of time positive current can flow through diode 218 to capacitor 156 , but cannot flow through diode 212 to capacitor 152. Accordingly, capacitors 152 and 156 are alternately charged to a positive voltage with each rotation of armature 204 of magnet 200. The voltage created across each of the two capacitive devices, 152 and 156 , is applied to all of the primary windings connected to a row of the six spark plugs, w as described above.

In order to generate the trigger control pulses for turning on the silicon rectifier and for sequentially igniting the spark plugs, in this example, a series of twelve inductors 300, 302, 1 -304, _306, .3C) 8, _310, 312, -314.f 316 , .318, .320 and 322 are used, which are in the circumferential direction at a distance and at the same angular distance from each other around a center point _324. A magnet rotor 326 is arranged to rotate about center point 324 so that one of its poles 328 is sequentially aligned with various inductors. The end of each inductor closer to the rotor is grounded and the other end of each inductor is connected to another control electrode of the twelve siii'ciu * m rectifiers. When the magnetic pole 328 is rotated through the 6h area adjacent to each inductor, a positive and negative waveform similar to that shown at 332 will be generated at the ungrounded end of that inductor. For example, as indicated for silicon rectifier 136 , the result is that control electrode 142 of the silicon rectifier is usually grounded so that the silicon rectifier is in the cutoff, or open circuit, state and then an open electronic switch forms. If, however, the magnetic pole is almost aligned with the corresponding inductor, a positive pulse is generated in the inductor and applied to the control electrode 1112 in order to make the same conductive. This thereby enables the corresponding capacitive device 152 to discharge itself through the associated primary winding 144 and to ignite the associated spark plug 102. The negative portion of the spanning waveform generated in the inductor is effectively shorted by diode 147 which is connected between the control electrode of silicon rectifier 136 and ground. The same process takes place one after the other in the eleven other ignition circuits in order to ignite the eleven other spark plugs one after the other.

When operating the electrical system according to FIG. 2 *, the translation between the engine crankshaft 20 (FIG. 1) and the armature 204 of the magnet 200 or the magnet rotor 326 is preferably such that each time a charge pulse is applied to a 'of the capacitive devices 156 or 152 acts, a triggering pulse on one of the silicon rectifiers acts. In a four-stroke engine in which the rotates twice for each ignition of a particular spark plug, the magnet rotor 326 is arranged, for example, so that it rotates once for every two unrevolution of the crankshaft, in order to cause the successive ignition of all twelve spark plugs during this time. During the same two un-rotations of the crankshaft, the armature 204 rotates six times so that each of the capacitive devices 152 and 156 are charged six times during alternate charging periods. The absolute angular alignment of the twelve inductors to the magnet rotor 326 for a given position of the magnet armature 204 is preferably set so that each trigger pulse one, the silicon rectifier at a time point guiding, immediately after the appropriate capacitive device has been fully charged, ie immediately after the end of the charging pulses acting on this capacitive device, and not during the time in which the capacitive device is being charged, so that the capacitive device is provided with full voltage is. In addition, each successive inductor in the circular row supplies control pulses to a different one of the two rows of silicon rectifiers so that the condensate wires 152 and 156 are alternately discharged.

In the preferred embodiment, a device is also provided which limits the maximum amplitude of the pulses acting on the capacitive devices. In the example shown in FIG. 2, this device consists of a resistor 400 and a Zener diode 402, which are connected in parallel to the capacitive device 152 , and of a resistor 404 and a Zener diode 406, which are connected in parallel to the capacitive device 156. The polarity of the Zener diode is such that it is usually non-conductive when relatively small positive voltages are applied to the upper plate of the associated capacitor, but that it tilts to become conductive as often as the voltage on the associated capacitor occurs beforehand exceeds the selected maximum value, which prevents further increases in the voltage across the capacitor. In this way, the voltage at the two capacitive devices is effectively regulated to a predetermined maximum value, despite the occurrence of charging pulses with high voltage at high machine speeds.

The advantages of dividing the cylinders and their associated spark plugs into two rows operated by two different capacitive devices will be better understood from the following. The normal and desired sequence of operations with respect to any spark plug and its associated ignition circuit is that first the associated capacitive device is charged to the full value of the charging pulse applied to it, and that a triggering pulse is then applied to one of the capacitive devices connected to it Conductive silicon rectifier in order to ignite one of the spark plugs of the corresponding row, and that this silicon rectifier then becomes non-conductive, so that the next charging pulse can take effect in order to recharge the capacitor. As the engine speed increases, the total time available to perform all of these operations in turn becomes smaller and more critical, so that practical difficulties arise due to the need to use charging and triggering pulses of limited width and electronic switching devices such as one Silicon rectifier which generally takes a limited time to regain its non-conductive state after it has been rendered conductive. If two alternating capacitors are used instead of one capacitor, the time between successive discharges of the two capacitors for a given engine speed is doubled, thereby allowing the engine speed to double before the same practical restrictions on the operation of the circuit arise. Accordingly, the use of the multiple capacitive arrangement is particularly effective when a large number of cylinders are used which are to be actuated at high engine speeds by reliably igniting the spark plugs. It is also highly advantageous if the machine uses odd ignite, dh.wenn the Z - not ERIOD between certain successive inflammation Zedkerzen is uniform, but rather differs significantly according to a predetermined plan inflammation thereof. In this Pall, the time between certain successive ignitions of the spark plugs is shorter than if even or even% ignition were used at the same engine speed. The multiple capacitive arrangement can effectively accommodate the shorter intervals between ignitions.

3 shows a modified embodiment for part of the circuit according to FIG. 2, in which the amplitude of the charging pulses acting on the capacitive devices can be limited. Corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference numerals. The circuit of FIG. 3 differs from that of FIG. 2 in that the two resistors 400, -404 and the Zener diodes 402, 406 of FIG. 2 are omitted and are replaced by two secondary circuits. which are connected between a tap 502 of the winding 202 and the connection point 216 . One auxiliary circuit contains the rectifier 504 and the Zener diode 506, which are connected in series, and the other auxiliary circuit contains the rectifier 5083 and the Zener diode 510, which are also connected in series. In each of the secondary circuits, the forward directions of the rectifier and the Zener diode are opposite to one another. In addition, the polarity of the rectifier and the zener diode in one branch circuit is opposite to the polarity of the corresponding circuit in the other in each of the secondary circuits in the non-conducting state, # without consideration soft polarity, t odeIv 3, splitting after the tap 502 occurs. When the Ip-an # nu #, ng- in the winding 202 exceeds a predetermined value, one branch circuit becomes highly conductive during the one half wave and the other branch circuit during the other half wave of the alternating voltage whereby, under these circumstances, at the lower part of the coil, ..- lung 202 a substantial short-circuit is generated. the arrangement therefore acts as an STO "'rstromkreis., the amplitude of between> the connection points 210 and 216 of the bridge rectifier circuit 206 applied voltage If, for example, the voltage at the tap 502 is positive and exceeds the predetermined level, the diode 504 - brings an opposite voltage to the Zener diode 506 to the effect. K which is greater than - the breakdown voltage of the diode 506, so that the --- first secondary circuit is conductive. If the voltage at the tap 502 and is negatively larger than a predetermined value., allows the diode 508, the e action of a voltage on the Zener diode 5ü, which is greater than the breakdown voltage of the same, so that for those negative voltages that exceed a predetermined value .. a substantial short-circuit 0 is generated.

While the special arrangement shown in Fig. 2 for charging the two capacitive devices 15-2 and 1-56 is particularly advantageous and convenient, in particular because it is actuated by a modified magnet and the, Au-sgandF, .. w le # i "s-tu-ng. the magnet is used with maximum effectiveness i f Ur each discharge each capacitor is used, a charge pulse, it is possible many advantages of multiple capacitive, .3ystemä with completely Different Qu -. elle-h, DER tadä8, oltage for the capacitors. For example, the magnet can be driven at a much higher speed than that described in order to generate capacitor charging pulses at a higher speed than trigger pulses, as long as sufficient time is provided for the electronic switch, such as the silicon rectifier, so as not to become conductive before the next charge pulse reaches a substantial value. In this case, each capacitor is charged accordingly before it is time to discharge, even if some superfluous charging pulses act on it. It is also possible to use a direct current source, such as a battery, which is connected to the two capacitors. using appropriate resistance insulation is connected between them. With the latter type of arrangement in particular, it is also possible to use more than two capacitors and to divide the cylinders into two rows, the capacitors being discharged one after the other.

According to another feature of the invention, the trigger pulse generator, which is designated as block 90 in FIG. 1 and is shown schematically in the electrical circuit diagram of FIG. 2 as a rotatable magnet with twelve inductors surrounding the same, preferably and advantageously those in FIGS. 4A and 4B The general form shown is shown in which a depressed ferromagnetic plate is disposed between the rotatable magnetic pole and the inductors. According to FIGS. 4A and 4B, a magnetic lotor unit 550 is arranged to be rotatable about the axis XX as a function of the operation of the machine, as has been described above. Each of the inductors labeled with the even numbers from 300 to 322 consists of a cylindrical core 552 surrounded by a trigger pulse winding 554 which is connected as shown in FIG. In this example, each of the cores of the inductors is supported at one end by a circular plate 555 - made of ferromagnetic material, which has a central frustoconical projection which serves to support and magnetically contact a circular plate 558 having a central recess , which is also made of ferromagnetic material such as steel. The plate 558 is provided with circular recesses 560 ... which are aligned with each of the inductors. Each recess preferably has a diameter slightly larger than that of the core of the corresponding inductor. In this example, the magnet rotor unit 550 consists of a disk-shaped magnet 562 which is rotatable about the axis XX by means of a shaft 563 which is mounted in bearings 564. A rotor arm 566 made of ferromagnetic material, such as steel, is attached to one of the pole faces of the magnet. A cylindrical pole piece 568 is attached to the outer tip in the radial direction of the rotor arm 566 , the diameter of which is small compared to the distance between successive recesses in the plate 558 and which in this example consists of steel.

If, during operation of the device shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, the rotor unit 550 is rotated so that the pole piece 568 passes over the area of the PI: atte 558 between successive recesses, the low magnetic reluctance of the plate 558 causes the magnetic flux generated by the magnet 562 substantially passes completely from the pole piece 568 through the plate 558 and back to the magnet 562 without the magnetic flux-entering with the recesses aligned inductors. If, however, the pole piece 568 reaches the edge of one of the recesses, the magnetic flux earlier returning through the plate takes its way through the core of the associated inductor and then through the magnetic support plate 554 back to the magnet! 562. As the pole piece 568 continues to rotate until it is precisely aligned in the recess, that flux decreases. rapidly through the inductor core, whereupon it rapidly decreases as the pole piece moves from the center of the recess to the rear edge of the same. The result is a-successive positive and negative voltage pulse in the inductor winding) as described above o The recessed ferromagnetic plate 558 therefore provides a clearer demarcation and differentiation between the trigger pulses in the successive inductor, in that it prevents a substantial magnetic flux from more than one of the Inductors achieved at the same time. Furthermore, the plate causes the generation of more sudden and steeper triggering pulses by restricting the magnetic flux essentially completely to the magnetic plate, as # -1 ... until the rotor pole covers one of the recesses. Fig. 5 illustrates an AC circuit for discharging capacitors 152 and 156 through the various spark plugs, the circuit for charging the capacitors being the same as in Fig. 2 so that corresponding parts are identified by the same reference number. Each of the circuit arrangements, such as 600, for igniting the twelve spark plugs is connected to the eleven, their identical, so that only one needs to be described in more detail. One of the advantages of the 3tronlcreises of Fig. 5 with respect to each of Fig. 2 lies in the C> fact that ein.Ende each of the primary windings RIER Spannungsaufwärtstranformatoren directly grounded C> denkann, for example by connection to the-Plaschinengehäuse so that instead of two wires only one wire is led to each of the ignition circuits, while the other signal path is formed by the common earth.

When -, improved circuit according Fige will again be a silicon rectifier used 602 whose anode in this case directly connected to-the positive 3pannungsseite of the con- 'densators 152 and the cathode through the Prii-P9, rz # iicklung 604 of the voltage step-up transformer 60ö directly with , connected is. Vie inFig. -2 is the secondary winding 60 of the transformer 606 'between the lower 3-end of the primary winding 604 and the revised Z-and-plug terminal -einescha- # t et. The trigger winding 304 of FIG. 5 is connected in series with the diode 616 between the control electrode and the cathode of the silicon rectifier 602. This - has such a s leh6 # polarity ... - that only the positive part - of the trigger control #, signal 'au!' the control electrode comes into play. These positive pulses serve to turn on the silicon rectifier in the same manner as described above in connection with FIG. By using a silicon diode as the diode 616 , which has a considerable forward threshold voltage which must be exceeded before substantial conduction occurs through the same, small external interference signals coming into effect on the winding 304 are prevented from actuating the silicon rectifier. The resistor 620 between the cathode and control electrode of the silicon rectifier serves to maintain a relatively low impedance between these elements in order to stabilize the silicon rectifier. Since the lower ends of both components of the transformer 60 # are directly grounded, only a single line needs to be provided from the capacitor 152 to the ignition circuit 600. Each of the eleven other ignition circuits has the same design and mode of operation and the same advantages and is fed with trigger pulses from the corresponding trigger control windings in FIG. 5 , as indicated by the corresponding reference numerals.

Figures 6A and 6B illustrate an improved embodiment of the trigger pulse generator shown in Figures 4.i and 4B. The improvement is the use of individual r - zO and 632 of magnetic _ ;; "nteriall, namely - a T-3ile for each inductor. Each of the T # - iie extends from the recessed plate 6 -"'-"round and the turned away -3nd of the corresponding inductor and -1. back to plate 6- "4. Each of these u "föii.iigen parts forms a single separate short return path of low reluctance for the magnetic flux from the inductor core 6,36 -back to the recessed plate 634 over the two opposite sides of the u-shaped part Part 555 of Fig. 4A produced a tendency to crosstalk between the various inductors avoided. The path for the magnetic flux thus formed is also shorter and a lower reluctance is formed in the return path. , pienigstens surround two sides, a degree of magnetic Abschirmun g is the inductors against external stray fields obtained which their mode of action interfere könnaten. If desired, the opposite sides of the U-shaped parts werdenj extended in the circumferential direction around the inductor even up to the at which they come into engagement with one another to form a cylindrical cap which completely encloses the inductor and thereby not only has a reduced magnetic reluctance, but also a substantial one Provides shielding.

FIGS. 7A and 7B show a preferred embodiment of the invention. In this arrangement, the magnet 700, the trigger pulse generator 702 and the circuit for charging the two capacitors are connected to form a common unit. A drive shaft 706, which forms an extension of the crankshaft of the engine or is mechanically coupled to it, is mounted in bearings 708 in order to form a rotatable input for the armature of the magnet by means of the gears 707 and the shaft 709. a gear 710 is on, the right-side end of the shaft 709 with the gear 712 is engaged, which is arranged at one end of the shaft 714, which the -Rotoreinheit 716 drives the trigger pulse generator. the Auslösesteuerimpulsinduktoren 718 are connected to the recesses 720 in the ferromagnetic plate 722 and the conductors 726A, 726B establish the electrical connection between the spark plugs and the associated high-voltage transformer transformers, which are preferably arranged on the spark plugs, as will be described in more detail below.

The embodiment shown in Figures 7A and 7B uses a modified form of the recessed plate and rotor which is particularly advantageous for certain applications, particularly those having a large number of machine cylinders. Instead of arranging all of the recesses in plate 722 along a common circle, the twelve recesses are divided into two rows of six each , and each row is arranged along a circle with a different radius. The Hatorarm., 727 is provided with two ends, so that the same from. the axis of rotation ne. the two opposite directions extends to two poles 728 and 7 "3-0 # to b # Idene The pole 728 is so" arranged "that it forms the outer circle.

of the recesses, and the pole 730'ijt is so arranged that it sweeps the inner circle of the recesses. The two poles 728, 730 and the recesses in the plate 722 are arranged in such a way that they alternately induce pulses in the inductors which come to lie behind the two rows of recesses, ie first in an inductor of the outer one Circles, - and then in an inductor of the inner circle. In this way, the distance between adjacent recesses and between the inductors can be increased, so that the operation of the trigger pulse generator is made more reliable and less critical. especially for high machine speeds and / or a large number of cylinders.

Fig. 8 illustrates a possible modification for each of the recesses described above and the associated inductor. In this modification, each inductor is 800 and Recess 802 in the magnetic plate 804 is rectangular, in the present case square, instead of circular, as in the previous embodiments. These. and other shapes of the recesses and inductors can be used to produce different shapes of the control pulse and different types of indexing feed, as will be understood from the detailed explanation below of the effect a moving pole has on one with a recess in the magnetic plate aligned inductor.

Each of Figures gA, 9B and -gG shows a portion of a recessed ferromagnetic plate 900 as used in the trigger pulse generator described above, a recess 902 in the same, a cylindrical winding 904 aligned with the recess and a cylindrical rotor pole 906. According to the basic principles, the voltage induced in the inductor winding is in each case proportional to the speed with which the magnetic flux linkage passing through the inductor changes at any point in time. The speed at which the flux linkage changes is in turn dependent on the speed of the rotor pole 906 in the vicinity of the recess 902, as well position from the instantaneous v of the rotor pole with respect to the Edge of the recess and the center of the inductor. The steepness of the waveform of the pulse induced in the inductor, i.e. the speed at which the voltage in the inductor increases during the initial phases of pulse generation, is important because the point in time at which the spark plugs are ignited is determined by the point in time at which the control pulses are applied reach a certain amplitude for which the silicon rectifier is made conductive.

At high engine speeds, the rotor 906 will move rapidly and will therefore produce a high rate of change in the flux linkage in the inductor, even if it is just beginning to reach the leading edge of recess 902 , in which position the total amount of flux passing through the inductor achieved, is not great. Such a position is shown in Figure 9A . Accordingly, at high engine speeds, the voltage induced in the inductor will reach the critical level for switching on a silicon rectifier in the illustrated early phase of the movement of the pole 906 . At lower speeds, the rotor 906 will have to move to a greater overlap position relative to the recess 902, as shown in FIG. 9B, before the rate of change in the flux passing through the inductor is high enough to reach the critical ignition voltage to create. As FIG. 9C shows, for even lower machine speeds, the rotor pole 906 will not generate the critical voltage in the inductor until it has moved on to complete alignment with the inductor. Accordingly, the rotor angle at which the spark plugs are ignited is advanced as the engine speed increases, resulting in an automatic ignition advance which is highly beneficial for internal combustion engines.

The amount of this advance that can be achieved depends on the distance d between the front edge of the recess 902 and the front of the inductor. Therefore, if this distance is extremely small, then the change in the rotor angle corresponding to the distance d is so small that only a small advance in the ignition time can be achieved. Conversely, if this distance is large, a large automatic feed can be obtained. FIGS. 9D and 9E show two different shapes of the recess for which a greater indexing advance is achieved by making this distance d greater. As shown in Fig. 9D , the circular recess at the leading edge is modified so that it protrudes forward against the advancing rotor. According to FIG. 6E, the radius of the recess is simply made larger in order to obtain a larger distance d . Many other special forms of both the recess and the rotating pole piece can be used to produce various special effects on the form of dos i, Figures 10A, 10B and 10C illustrate the preferred arrangement and design of the step-up voltage transformer (132 in Figure 2 and 612 in Figure 5). Each of the 3-voltage step-up transformer units 920 is arranged immediately adjacent to the spark plug 922, which it is intended to ignite, so that the relatively long lines from the discharge capacitors to the voltage step-up transformers operate at relatively low voltages, which results in a reduction in current losses. The lines from the winding of the transformer to the spark plug are extremely short. This also eliminates the maintenance problem that exists when high voltage cables of considerable length are used.

The electrically active elements of the transformer unit consist of a core 926 of magnetic high-frequency material, such as ferrite, around which a simple helical primary winding 928 is wound, the opposite ends of which are connected to the primary lines 930 and 932 in this example. Above the primary winding and the core Insulating sleeve 934 arranged. A secondary winding 936, which consists of seven pi-sections . Is wound on the outside around the primary winding 928 and the sleeve g_34. In this example, one end 940 of the secondary winding 936 is connected to a conductive strip 942. The other end is connected 946 by a strip 944 with a conductive cap which walls in the upper e a fitting generally cylindrical outer housing 947 of insulating material. This complete winding unit in the illustrated manner on the upper end of the spark plug are pushed 922, so that the Conductive strip 942 touches the central net spigot of the spark plug which leads to the re-grounded ignition electrode in the spark plug. If desired, a retaining spring 950 can be provided above the unit. The outer sleeve 947 can be filled with epoxy resin 952 to keep the lines and parts in place to hold and to seal the sleeve against contamination.

In the embodiment of the winding unit shown in FIGS. 10A, 10b and 10C, one end of the secondary winding is connected to the ungrounded end of the spark plug. This arrangement is suitable for solwohl Vertmdung in 3tromkreis according Fige 2 as well as in that shown in Fig. 5. If the winding unit is used in the circuit according to FIG. 2, the strip 944 can be connected to one of the lines 930 or g_32 ′ at one end of the secondary winding 1 ..., ground. However, it can also be connected to one end of the primary winding inside the unit. When the circuit of Figure 5 is used, one of the leads 930 or 932 can be connected to the strip 944 or to the associated cap 946. The spring 950 may be made of an electrically conductive material that contacts the top cap and rests against a grounded support (not shown) to provide a . e to form earth for the common connection between primary and secondary winding. Figures 10A, 10B and 10C show a preferred way of arranging high-voltage transformers in the vicinity of spark plugs. The. Many other mechanical arrangements will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the above teachings. The use of high frequency magnetic material for the core 926, such as Ferrlt, of the type of material used in radio sets, and the use of a secondary winding which has a low capacitance due to its pi-A windings, results in the preservation of a steep leading edge and a low one Width for the impulses that act on each firing point. The secondary winding made up of pi turns is also beneficial in reducing the high voltage problems that often occur in ordinary helical turns, since the parts of the pi turn secondary winding, between which large voltage differences are developed, are located at considerable distances from one another.

The use of such a steeply rising and narrow pulse which is applied to the spark plug has a number of advantages. Thirdly, the accuracy of the circuit with which the spark plug is ignited is improved by the steep wave front. 'z-7, - .. on the other hand, less electrical energy is discharged through the spark plug with narrow impulses, which results in a decrease in the corrosion on the electrodes of the Z-und plug and, accordingly, an increased one the spark plug yields. Third, a more reliable, #, usefulness of the 2 ' d candle- which are partially contaminated by leiL -, nde-n - "ilzi, and zw -: # r due to the rapid rise time of the impulse apparently prevents the energy of the impulse from flowing away through the film.

The bridge circuit shown in Figures 2 and 5 is particularly advantageous for certain applications, especially those that have a large number of cylinders and high machine speeds, has been described above. But in certain cases where the number of cylinders is fewer and in other cases, a simpler type of circuit shown in Fig. 11 can be used. In this simplified circuit, which is less expensive than the previous circuits, a single capacitive device 950 is used to supply current discharges to all of the cylinder ignitors via terminals 952 and 954. A voltage amplitude limiting circuit including a resistor 956 and a zener diode 958 is again used in parallel with the capacitor. The AC voltage for charging the capacitor is developed in a winding 960 . However, this is connected to the capacitor 950 by a single diode 962 , which only allows the positive voltages to pass through to the upper plate of the capacitor 950 . --7in Wiierstan "i 964 and a diode 966 are connected in series in parallel with the winding 960 in order to dissipate the energy of the negative voltage pulses which appear at the upper end of the winding 960 .

The invention is not limited to the examples shown and described Embodiments limited, the various modifications can be made without the Rr-Ihmen the Invention to leave. '

Claims (1)

P atentan ap r ü che 1. The ignition device for an internal combustion engine with a generator with a voltage of the generator in ignition voltage reshaping means, including a proportionally to the rotational speed of the engine rotating means for successively connecting the spark plug at the ignition voltage, with a transformer ennzeichnet for stepping up the voltage of the generator and leads for connecting the spark plug, d a d u rch g e k that capacitors # l52, 156) SHEET IFRS en Video-, the capacitors (152, 156) to the starting voltage and the spark plugs (102 to 124) are connected to capacitors (152, 156) , in the connection between the spark plugs (102 to 124) and the capacitors (152, 156) electrical switching means (136 to 142) are connected to which are proportional to Machine speed rotating rotating device (300 bin 328) an- closed and controlled by these, the spark plugs (102 to 124) are connected through to the capacitors (152, 156 ) in accordance with the predetermined firing sequence. 2. Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the device (300 to 328) rotating proportionally to the engine speed has a rotating armature ( 326) comprises' a number of coils (300 to 322) corresponding to the number of spark plugs (102 to 124), the coils --- (300 to 322) to which 'switching means (136 to 142) are connected' , the armature (326) sits on a shaft (324) connected to the machine (10) and induces voltages in the coils (300 to 322Y '#' - '. 3. Device according to claims 1 to 2, characterized in that, characterized in that - the switching means (156 to 142) contain a controllable GleiChrrichter- (1j6, this is in the line between the spark plug "(102 to 124) and capacitors (152, 156) , and the control electrode (147) of the rectifier (1 is -36) connected to the associated coil (300 bis322) -. 4. A device according to claim 3, characterized GEK indicates that the control electrode (147) is connected to ground via a diode (147) which shorts a half-wave. 5. Apparatus according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that in the line between the controllable rectifier (136) and the spark plug (102 to 124) there is a transformer (132) which transforms the voltage. 6. Apparatus according to claim 1 to 5, characterized. That parallel to the capacitor (152, 156) is a protective path consisting of a resistor (400) and a Zener diode (402). 7. Apparatus according to claim 1 to 6, characterized in that. that the generator (200) is an ignition magnet generator with a rotating armature (204), the armature (204) generates a voltage (202a) in a secondary winding (202), a rectifier circuit (206) is connected to the secondary winding (202) and supplies voltage of the same polarity to the capacitors (152, 156). 8. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the device rotating proportionally to the machine speed is designed as a pulse generator (550) , a plate (555) and a plate (558) is provided, the plates (555, 558th) are parallel and at a distance from each other, the plate (555) carries cores (552) distributed around its circumference and these protrude into recesses in the plate (558) , onto which cores (552) windings (554) are wound, the armature ( 566) carries a magnet and with a pole piece (568) is moved past the recesses (560) and thus the cores (552) and the plate (555) forms the magnetic return path. G. Device according to claim 8, characterized in that instead of the plate (555) U-shaped legs (630, (32)) are placed on the plate (558) , carry the cores (636) and form a shield. 10. Apparatus according to claim 1 to 9, characterized in that the primary winding (604) of the transformer (606) for stepping up the voltage is unipolarly connected to ground and the spark plug is connected to the secondary winding (608) between the primary winding (604) and the capacitor (152 or 156) is the switching means, the switching means comprises a controllable rectifier (602) and this is connected with anode and cathode in the connection between the primary winding (604) and capacitor (152 or 156) , while the control electrode of the is controllable rectifier (602) CONNECTED via a diode (616) to the coil (300 to 322) ".SEN. 11. apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that a stabilizing resistor (620) of the st between the cathode Your controllable rectifier (602) and its control electrode is switched on. 12. The device according to claim 1 to 11, characterized in that the transformer (920) for stepping up the voltage is arranged in a cylindrical sleeve (947) which can be plugged onto the spark plug (922) . 13. Device according to claim 12, characterized that the primary winding (928) is wound on a cylindrical HF core (926) , an insulating sleeve (934) is pushed onto the HF core (926) and the primary winding (928) , the secondary winding (936) onto the insulating sleeve ( 934) is pushed on, one connection (942) of the secondary winding (936) is led downwards and one connection (944) is led out upwards out of the sleeve (947), the connection (942) led out downwards to a connection on the spark plug ( 922) and the upwardly extending connection (944) on the upper side of the filler element can be electrically connected to a pressure spring (950) connected to ground.