DE1533169A1 - Stainless austenitic chrome-nickel steel - Google Patents

Description

Stainless austenitic chrome-nickel steel The invention relates to stainless austenitic chrome Nickel steels, especially those steels that are made by * h, heat treatment are curable. Also affects the Lrfindurig a process for hardening the cave and The hardened swords made of steel see below: speech and products: _ @ in kiel der ..e # rfindurig isz the creation of a rest srei C = iro: a-I4ickei stahls, who does well in the rolling mill , _rbe i. ueii läi5t, -for example by rolling, pulling and. the. "!. in the manufacture of sheet metal, strip, plates, Rods, rods, wire and special farms, which then--, easily shaped by cold working methods ! tann, for example, by pulling, compressing, rolling, Press, and the like, as in the production of Wire, I4'edern, pressed forms and "iegeii3-tdiide, ge -alted pormeii. and 'Jegeristestand,: ie thread auzr; else: - de fasteners, before r; e heads and is required, have rolled-on threads without a lunr; be interconnected rough: 3 .. This. @ taül should. by cold working or cold forming: aLUi-: only in- moderate extent of hardness of an aristocratic: eiiden Ausi1zr- do # `s, -r-rmebeh, iiidlung be accessible. Another siel is the ic @ iaffunr; of a rcrs ;; @ - reierc austeni uisenen the c @? eti spawns too GeW1lrißchteli molds cold forming l.Ut Wear the l'ortnun --- svorr-i_citurig and the darai through @ 9ärmebeliandlwig, at. moderate i'e !, iperatureii hardenable ' and that in the cold-hardened and hardened state A surprising combination of the jig @ enscüafteii @ älzi- strength and strength together with high Abrasion resistance and wear resistance. 1; i11 Another aim of the invention is the creation of a Variety of liadio = jUi-teLriex.dra.it, Instr.zmentenfedern,. Ii-iüustrie.ederri and derß1., The jc nai'f'uns, v = "" alzforw.- liiiieii, like #, Tewiilde having fastening devices, both- play white screw bolts, etc. ' where the one having rolled-on part is un- forming a confirmation device, which is tough and firm and a Hard and abrasion-resistant, a jewinde wearing an upper fl G As has. This hxctenrieridra.; It, the t @ ox # s :: eii, 2 e- derri, Befe: #, ti "rustic appliances and the like should be used for abrasion, Wear and tear and the normal, actual use be able to cope well with wise demands. Sciiliet, # licli it is also a goal of the invention itself Thread drilling screws to grind, d screws such external or surface hardness abrasion resistance stiglteit in their thread having iei and from such inner tenacity and # firmness, they to the Tapping in metallic parts, such as roofing sheet, ., oak and the like .. sheet metal housings for Kiliilsciiräri-ke, 'ilashmaschirien and other occasions can serve and then fasten these together. The invention therefore lies in the combination of blemishes ten, the mixture of ingredients and the ratio between them as well as in the various cold working Cold working stages, the various heat treatment stages and the relationship between composition, working and heat treatment as described herein. In the accompanying drawing, fig. 1 graphically shows the tensile strength properties of wire according to the invention that has been tempered and then cold-drawn to different degrees, and of wire that has been cured following cold-drawing; Fig. 2 shows the hardness of the wire of Fig. 1 with different cold deformations, Fiv. 3 shows, on a greatly enlarged scale, a ground and polished section of a self-tapping Phillips head screw according to the invention. . In order to understand certain features of the invention too facilitate, it should be pointed out here that stainless steels have already received a lot of attention. In total there are approximately more than 30 types available that all for a number. various practical applications applications are suitable. Many of them are cold curing, that they during cold working and cold forming hardening. For example, the American Iron and Steel Institute type 3t15, of about 18; b chrome, 11; * nickel and otherwise contains iron, a relatively low Dried cold curing speed, but at a 60% Area reduction can have a hardness of the order of magnitude from 050 Roekwell. Still are at. all essential processing or Deformation processes interconnected expensive event treatments required: In addition, this ätahl not noticeably hardened by an aging treatment will. . The stainless, pure chrome steel types, for example wise type 430, which contains about 1VO ' chromium, whereby the Remainder consists of iron, as well as the type 410, which is about 12; j Chromium, containing residual iron, can., Although it is caused by cold Machining does not tend to harden, not even through any aging treatment, ie by treatment at fairly moderate temperatures. One Hardening of these steels takes place aurca at high levels Temperatures, ie temperatures in the order of magnitude of 980oC and above, and quenching. The high temperature causes scale formation and this scale must the time and money expended can be removed again. the Structure is martensitic. The more complicated rustproof Ciirom- @ lickelstiihle, both for example the one described in patent specification 2 694 626 Written stainless chrome nickel copper aluminum steel, are indeed sushardenable through aging, but they show an unexpectedly high cold hardness uii: -s; zesctli; indigkeit on. : This steel is-like others for a drastic one Cold working and subsequent aging for development not suitable for extreme hardness. Thread are self-screwing stainless steel screws already known. vi, are usually made of stainless Made in steel with 12; i chrome. The ocr: will rob hardened by heating to about e3000 and quenching. Then they are at a temperature of about 205 to 3150C stress relieved. ilie hardening treatment but leaves scale on the metal, as mentioned above, so that the rental room can be cleaned before use must in order to have a higher level of corrosion resistance these screws are often chrome-plated. The previously known self-tapping screws are hardened throughout and are something for this reason brittle. ! 3 one of the, iiele of the invention is the 2nd haffurig one stainless chroui-nickel-copper7.aluminium steel9 of such Composition balance, so that it is moderate, as desired or is highly hardenable as a result of cold working during cold working or cold forming. This cold Machined or cold-formed steel can be used through it mebeiandlurig at moderate temperatures a1 teruiigsge.l: Irtet od precipitation hardened -.-: earth, i.e. temperatures, d1. siad sufficiently high to allow the formation of the un- cri, iiischten Zunders. The steel: ignites them from this, objects are made wiser. a large over- -'lö.caen.tiärt uild abrasion resistance, are inside every- but tenacious ductile and capable of those that occur in use To withstand demands. The steel is in ka.ltbe- worked and cured condition excellently suitable net, if corrosion effects are to be withstood custom occur, including those galvanic Origin. The erfixiüun;, proper rustproof chrome- @@ ic; el-I; upfer-iLlumi- steel essentially consists of a chromium-like chen metal in an amount of 10 25; ö, a nickel similar metal in a henge 5 to 20'h, copper in a urine from 1 to 5; 1 # O , aluminum of an I,) lene of 0.25 to 2, 50Li and otherwise, essentially from egg sen. :; nter Chromium-like i-metal becomes chromium together with or without iol, ybdän aL9 understood as a further component. In each case tnu: 3 the 0izrommenge even miri @ estens 10 "be tr = agen. The yrolybdürufieiige, which are called `eil chrome-like tall be available km, does not need 5; 4 to 7ber clim'en. üo # -: ei t Jolybde.n is used together with chrome, can c.as iltol "-bdäxi c; nrom on the basis of 1: 1 sentences. The Lickel-like Keaall consists of rickpl with or. without Kangan aluminum further 3 component. The amount of;: pimples themselves amount to at least 4%. Insofar as Hangan is used as a partial substitute for nickel, the exchange takes place on a 2: 1 basis, with the total manganese content. Does not exceed 15y5.

The statement that the reads consists essentially of iron is understood to mean that iron together with such normally occurring accompanying impurities and useful accompanying additives do not have the unique property of moderate hardenability due to cold processing and moderate hardenability due to heat aging treatment , as is present in the steel according to the invention, decrease. Carbon is naturally present in the steel according to the invention, in an amount up to 0.25%, although the best results are obtained when the carbon content does not exceed 0.1094, especially 0.05%. Also nitrogen act in small amounts, i.e. up to 0.25; v, pre-nitrogen although here again the best results are obtained if the nitrogen content does not exceed 0.10; δ, in particular 0.055j. Steel exceeds the sum of carbon quaint stick- substance usually 0.10,:. i not. The best results from as indicated above, received, S, renri both carbon substance and nitrogen are kept as low as possible especially if the sum of the two 1 :) , 05; G is dense exceeds. 3s it was found that these two Components - the hardness of the steel in the tempered stand increase. : NEVER REQUIRES AN ADDITIONAL 3 WORK shaping and shaping to achieve the required tiizgma3 at P1 xsti- severe deformation. Each essential: e coal material content, for example carbon with more than the maximum permissible 0.20e; would also be undesirable make high tempering temperatures necessary in order to Bring fabric in. Züsund. An excess of @ticxstoff was also the danger of üaseiit; aiciclulig the Cause the ingot to solidify, use egg corresponding defectiveness of the final product. Silicon is also present, in amounts up to to 296. The same applies. for manganese in bienger, to 1r0 ,, even if no manganese addition is intended; t Phosphorus and sulfur are each with a maximum of about 0.05N available. -, er ei-fillaurlr -:., Gerräße stahl also ran useful - additions of zor in amounts up to 0.009;> o have the .arm machining properties in the presence of high rtlebis? rujll_. salary to improve. Titanium, Zir- koni and wiob can be used in teenagers up to be about provided to the iilterungshärtbarkeit or aus.Ll;: to improve irtbariceit. 1) if'Se accessories have none r: r-rxliche j-: u5 # rreffect on the cold hardening. : The Jestand, share selenium, 31ei,: ismut, U # ellur and silver soi.; ie .jiobcnor and Scli% -. # efel köruien in total. maximum 0, 50; b- a.lismac@ieii, u @ a the workability of the; "etalles zu ver oessern, where this is determined: ntea @: eaczun <szi @: corner required- lic--, 'st. These @ usätZe become, the inventor @ = @ sge.T: äen, Z # a, l nic: t borrowed if cold impact or cold heading roe; .tsr_'sä_-e öea.bsiäatigt süid or; = a considerable sr2ar @ nun @ _er are to be found. Wear a11 = ameinen received the a1.1 this t'us: r:, te not. :ice cream. ex # @ '@. r @: ar = @ s; e: wet steel, .ira a s>decielles' s ch- "eöse 'Ver: illtr iis:; Niches of the 0 rom = Tinlichen Com- oonezle on the side and the - #: iciiel @ ailliciicn i: ol_: ronente ; @. ll @@. ererse @s applied. yt'erui das Ver = @ eldl; is zron vnroia finlic @ ie: @ = :: astallc part to iticlcel '@inl iL: ae. .est @ adtei. is high, you get quite a bit of work when you work Equal leaning, the cold hardening harmony is j. ch excessively high. Such a steel has a high cold working factor ("lhe gold pre- hardening properties of stainless steel in corporation " voh, Bloom, Goller and Ilabus; 1947 tTranea-ctione 5 * M. t Volume 'page 843). However, if the ratio x wipe the chromium-like and nickel-like components len is low, ie below 1. is the elongation of the Hetall ungleicriniai-ig, and it neit: @t to the constriction. 1-; enn- here too. the work hardening rate is peaceful, the steel is not satisfied overall- stellond. glue _ndu33gagemäßem steel is ", the cold hardening fa% tor about e5,, .fas far below the M- # Uthärtungaf'aktor- 1 b2 of steel from. Type 30 1 (17e-; chromium, 7 # - nickel, rest .ä.Sen) lies, a steel that has an unexpected; zn., cht. height Cold; cxärtunara, te has .-- Or is very diep @ t with. to the `` seär nisdrigen cold hardening factor 80 of the -i6-1-8 steel Uhrom, lö41ckel, - remainder Bisen) e, - the latter 2tahl shows - `` However-. one - vugstige -located, stretching on. True, the balance between the chromium is similar and the nickel-like components of steel in general mean so that the meal in tempered -, uytand not magyietic, a balance which is essential , is above 2, but tends to form a duplex structure in which the rental all in the lleii3 rolling mill is not behaves well, it tends to obey as a result of the ferrite content Fracture cracking. Iiri can be of the cold worked and hardened state Steel become magnetic or non-magnetic, depending on the spe ": ielleii"; weight of the -i :: constituent parts. For magnetic steel, a nickel similar to that of hold of about 13 ' bio 16; ä, with one; ilinlic? ien hold from 10; zi, a nickel zriiliclier content from u to at a chromium-like; content of about 112; 3, a nickel similar content from 7 to 136 with a chromium similar Content 16; ö, a nickel äunlicher content of 6, 5 to 3, 5ä a chromium inilicneii content of 19 ;; and a Nickel-like content from 5 to @ '3! in the case of a chrome-like standard content of 22; 0 'is used. Working in these steels the copper content contributes about 39; and the aluminum content about '1; ä, although generally a limited margin is desirable . The copper content is between:; and 4; -i, where 1 @ 5t; zuM'ssig are, and the Alumirium-egg-ialt between .75 and 1.50 '"1. ob :: ohl 0.25 to 2.50; @ permissible are. Although the above steels in tempered Lustand in the western more important au: 3tenitiscü are, e: @ taäl ner ätahl with e-2; Chromium, #: contains some ferrite. All of these issues are but marterisitisen uurl ma @ .r.etiäh, werai you one dra- stischen Kal, tveriox-zsuri "; uritere: orfen be. .L) this u- stEuid joins the Statil with 10ö Ohroza-ehalt a- With a nickel content of 13 to 16 '; a on ,: -renn them Kal tver formation rises to 70a. This-it, # ihl- # remain_i.rjen - obviously martensitic and magnetic even after one final aging hardening treatment or hardening. In the magnetic st;, hlerkanr manganese partly an- 'Put i: ickel on the basis of 2: 1, as mentioned above used weraen. name four t; hro: n @ -eh31t of the special Szanls under. 1d. ü ' is, xann the Aangan content up to 2 ;; amount instead of ö; , : iickel. However, if the Unrom- content above 1671 cannot exceed cip Manganese can be used in place of 4i # nickel. In the- steels must,!.: As already mentioned above, the actual borrowed, but at least 4; @ to be Gewünscüte hozibinäti from cold hardening and hardening proprietary. to obtain. In non-magnetic steel, i.e. the steel used in other left state is not magnetic, in-cold-hardened- tem state not. : is magnetic and in cured State is not magnetic, e.g. a nickel becomes more similar Content of 15 to 20% with a chrome content in salary from 1 ¢ to 20 @ ' v @ -n n 1 a Nic_: el ' a chromium-like content of. 12N, a nickel similar cher @ ehalt from 1 2 to 20N with a Chrom Tirili elfen stop 16, b, a nickel-like grade from 11 to 20; ö with a chrome # .like one. Content of 19 @ o, a nickel Similar content from 14 to 209i - with a similar chromium Salary of Z2 ° j # arid a similar salary of 15 20, J for a chrome-like one. Salary of 25! I used. In each of these steels, the copper content is around 3 and the aluminum content is about -1%, though. the copper, for example 1 to 5%, preferably 2 to 4%, and the aluminum 0e25 up to 2.0s:, preferably 0.75 to 1.50 N betr-Z: gen can " In the magnetic steel. core manganese partly instead of le vou nickel up to about 15% manganese as hreatz for 7i5 Nickel can be used. The actual nickel content as already mentioned above, be at least 4ij. In the steel according to the invention, the amounts of constituents parts chrome, nickel, copper and aluminum as well as the parts Ingredients iriolybdenum and kangan, which are partially place 'of chromium or nickel can be used, critical in every respect: the same applies to the relationship nis between the various components. .As above mentioned is the content of the chromium-like component between 1ƒ and 25% 9 being the actual ear content be at least 10; ö. MUST If the- actually 'chrome- genalt is below 10; °, especially -if it is below 12; ö will have the required corrosion resistance properties are not inherited.:. When the salary of the Ohrom similar component is over 25yi, -will be the aiming you ge @ "iitischten _1sombnatisn of cold hardening and Curing or non-aging required, nickel amounts excessively large. Preferred wines are the chrome holding of the steel in the range from, 1 4 to - 1 9, ä; While the molybdenum content of the steel is up to 5o wise rate of chromium can be is a lot of more than 5 not permissible, since then excessive hardening occurs with a loss of cold working properties th. The content of the nickel-like component is as mentioned above, between about 5 and 20; b. : the real one The nickel content is, however, when the nickel partially penetrates Hangan is replaced, not below 4, otherwise. :stole austenitically becomes unstable and the desired combination tion of cold hardening and age hardening not achieved will. The manganese substituent must not exceed 15; ö. iatsii.c- # ilich should 12j with the ma; = netischeri steels Chromium content below 16; J and 8; J in steels with clock hold over 16; - as heated above, do not exceed, there higher Iang contents as well as higher: tickal contents the supply disturb the composition equilibrium, @ .: elches necessary .; is, the combination of initial cold hardening and a different subsequent aging hardening treatment. the steels of the invention serve both copper and also aluminum to reduce the cold hardening rate, .H. they 'to reduce to an annehi, .ibaren; fiert. Of the Copper content can be between 1 and 5; lie over- go forward to @; but do not 4 #, because '#, erte ..ieriz- borrowed about your; -`, fiert tend to the t @ larmwalzei-gen- The consequences of lethality must be dealt with in part. '' I * en- bar the solubility limit I * .ir copper is around and everyone '; overciiu3 appears as free copper, "elches a liquid phase with a corresponding 3ruchbildung causes in the rolling mill if. the 'hot rolling process at an undesirably low temperature duren @; ef-zhrt will. A copper content below 1; 0 has an advantageous @, 'irlcun ;, @s -wiirderi: ibermä! 3i @ gro_e. require be like, these;.;, earth in turn a supernatural large:; ickelr: large: 6e required Aachen, since Aluaini open- cash the activity of the l: ickels present in the otahl diminishes. The best LrL: e results were .i with an I, -unfer:; e- stop from 2 to achieved, as mentioned above -:! uit. The elduniniu: a:; ehalt des: @ ta. @ Zls is in the area :. before). 0.25 Isis 2, 5U "* o permissible:, ig. Under ü, 25 ;. there is no advantageous ? .effect on, tuid over 2.7U >> becomes aer again:; icl.elbedarf overly big. The best 2 results were achieved when the: 'lluminiua; @ content was between about 0.75 and 1.50o . The steel according to the invention is convenient in the electrical Arc furnace or otherwise melted. One further .rl. $ i ter @ .uig in this ilin sees;: irn as unnecessary an.gesenen, but it should be noted: »reruen that the btahl himself i: A Oieii is easy to handle, easy to cut and Easily remove the ingot shape from the ingot 1 leaves. Raw bars, billets, ingots and dergi. let yourself be at normal rolling temperatures well in the hot rolling mill, e.g. when making beer from plates, sheet metal, strip, KnUp- peln,> taaigen, wire, other shapes. The harshness of the _oetalls in the hot-rolled condition and in the tempered stand is i; i the order of magnitude of B60-80 hockweh. as cleaning is suitable for a variety of cold machining: forming and cold forming processes, such as stagnant oils, @ ;, `alzeii, pulling, bridges and the like in the production of Have screws, bolts and other heads and threads - the consolidation means of instrument and industrial dern, washers _ various machine parts. In the case of open cold working cold forming operations the steel according to the invention exhibits a noticeable hardness. the Beards ste @. @. T gev: öhulich to about 037 @@ och: ## ell bei. the tähler, with such compositional equilibrium that they martensitic and magnetic. are and up to about Re26 in the case of steels that have such a 4jusarn.-qensetzuri # "- agleieh- have weight that they are fully austeuitic and not ma- #, -, net-scn are. These maximum <original values mean cold reductions of the order of magnitude of some 60 to 70w. Even bigger marches were achieved, 1, aerirz dr = ische Cold reductions have been applied, ie nec @ uctions that approach f @ , as explained in more detail below will. In martensitic and nagtiptic Italy the j-arye is sufficient with a reduction voxi 87; ä some G46 Ro ckwell. acr. of cold working and cold forming: rirG steel age hardened or hardened, whereby. the applied = Iteration temperature depends on the composition Steel and objects with additional magnetic equal:; - = _ c '_! "Lt, for example 15 to 18p chrome, 7 10w xiickel, 2 to 5; similar copper and 0.75 to 1.5 to 70 'aluminum, The remainder essentially iron "is hardened through Kitzen to: a temperature - from about 370 to `480 ° C up to 90001) and cooling in air, Ü1 or water. Cold working has stressed the metal sufficiently, about aging hardening due to the relative aging treatment carried out at low temperatures irl @@ u @ ierei @@ The steel and the steel made from it. s vt @ i @@ e are free. before- -under or w.Jsrezi rac @ ;. share parts - surface effects. In an aged condition, cl @ it '3_e Hardness up to about 052 Rockwell. the. Reduxtion in the .xrdßenordnutÄg from ö0 ,; and, up to about 057 Rockweh; reductions approaching 90%, Poor becomes in; steel and objects of such Z: .u- samrleiisetzuri @ -equally, weight that you aged in was completely austenitic and free: from magnetic; firkun genes, ie for steel with about 15 to 18; b ', 11 to 3 cI4e1, 2 to 5, 'Kup-f er, - 0t75 to 1, 5Q; @ aluminum, otherwise in 1 essentially from last., an aging by heating. of the> material to a temperature of approx 5e5 to bd0 ° C (ia50 to 120 ° F) and then frighten in air, Cl or; get wetter. .The hardness is enough here. about C40 Roekwell with reductions of about `and about 044 Rockwell at a reduction that is approaching. In order to explain the steels according to the invention in general, @@ ground the chemical in Table I below lysis values given for a number of specific examples. Qnirren, the ir: erdg '? L-ti ..; e: 1 from: e, 3rtezsn Zartynsitisch and aa @ netiscr: sinug r: i en "u.zar al una the in @; ealier-GeL'1 state a: -, ar: ichd '@ a-n2 $ iscn verb_L-1 bei: .Cten u - :. lel ^ - -table T - : e @sial @ r @ f'1. '"er te zr he see _in a @@:: e: a @, iwe rcstirp = e 'rttetg. ^.: = _ ILe _ #! ch r = .1 .`; .1 rtl 12 1i 7.11 'y . 1, iii - b-7 `: , - @ 7-- U ,. Uy4 T4, 1 t:. @ 17 ', @ `O, aC -" L. @ 1 1v ,. _ ryUL S, Jt,?, T @ '' j f S. (; @ J @ O @ 171 1J ßy 17 L, - @@: aL v @ f @J _ ' 4- ,? 3 2 U, 59 U, rJ @ `@ 0.7i ._ 1 2 ;, L 1 ! 6T3 Z '@: i: I11. t hG_ienl i.canga: _ old C, 02'7 4 1218 i , r 1 'äari "- @ ior @ Ivit r @ i` @ dri @ etn _ichlen.s tcfF, = ehal ¢ 1.11 3.40 il lt), 03 # ', - 5 1 U , U2 öp 10 i9% # 19Uo 09026 _0 @ ':.: Ü _ :. 21-Ya @ 13t1031 Mon "do 1,; @ ;; 947 1 .-. C; '_' 298y 1917 - 1g'q yi z-9 @ ul, 0i @: u, 36 V, 38 Z @, n, 16 2.90 19G0 - 4.06 -,, . . cured, not magnetic 1, @ JJ 0 T7f: J 1 G9 @ 4 `-, '@ 8 v94 0.0 2 7 @ ~ OYL li, @ lii 19v 1 6 , `vli 2,1V C, _ '` 7 V95 1 1 l,: = t,. = G, @ 7 (), 67 - - U , i7 _.:L=1 1. 91 .; L, 409026 7_ 6 ,; #; , 53 16925 2.94 294 17 @ i'r S ws 0.715 ü, - .: öt; 1 C5 U, 4 #: 12.0 1 #, # 4 =, # t (), 07 () 0142 1 @ .i, 1ü IV, 21 '- 0.75 - ", 3 1-t T - 3, c: 2 1.50 _. @ # 1 '`yvi5 #,'##y, 1 f; @ -` ''r'4 V J G'` # CJ o #, rJ8 _ - The hardness of the steels from: Table I in tempered stood, as much as the old hardening factor of the same, the hardship at. 40 °, reduction and at 60gs Redurction and the Ehdhb.rte in hardened condition for both the 4U ;, reduced Steels as well as for di.e 60y, reduced steels are in Table II below: ti? .r Werder ,. - .; ieder- u: z those in hardened. 4. Magnetic state: steels under II (a) urid never after aging not: nr.F-aeti@ch remain- listed under II (b). -in any case have been die: -iärt @: rerte for a wire of the specified @? z @ al; y; @ en- values e? it @: i @ _ = elt, her initially a Durc: ir: Lesser_ of uciri eleventh D # .n # e. from 3C5! 1 cm aU_I: pointed. Table Il Hardness and cold hardening factors of the remaining fraien "- . Cr-.i-Cu-Al = steels from table I - II (a). ausGehärt.t mechanical ++ dart cold hard. tempered 40; ecalt- 60; icalt- 40pcold- 60 @! 7cold- j., r. li`at, tor hardness hockw. pulled pulled Uock pulled u .. pulled u. - + Rockwellwell hardness is aging Hardness. £ oc '@ :, rell Roc # rell R3609 - B82 034 U44 U43 C-53 R3615 - B66 (; 29 042. (; 43 c5 1 " R30582 10 # j95 3 76 e31 v35 C3 9 U5 0 R385 1.:0,.8 B'78 C31 0 35 C39 @ 2 c R347 35, 7 1'77 C32 i: 3 @ c: 47 C51 j'7, '7 13 7 9 _ - - _ :; #: l_ 3 1), 198 - 378 02 9 v37 C34 C- @ 6 @@ 5.4 uÖO C24 - U31 - _ '7 @. _, @; @@ r50 @U U6 U3 :; ;: 41 U3'1 .c36 C44 :: Variation with high clancan.; Ehalt B77 c26 C35 C36 C a Variation with low l; ohlezi to if: celillt . .. ,, 303 U23 _ - :. ", @@ 91__U « '30 v26 `115O (i40 Mo lyndwn Variat? at 37 8 C31 036- C_37 :: 42 Bd0 C31 C: 35 f305;: : @ t ^! auszenärtz .eight magnetic +++ _372 @ 2 @ 't- U28 0'37 1 C26 C30:; 35 v30 373 h38 0 .j 79, U B72 C25 C31 C35 @ '0: minutes tempering at 1038 to 1066 ° C - atiges chrecKt- with: nasser, - ++ 1 hour tempering at about 4.55 ° U and cooling with air +++ 7 hours tempering at about 593 ° C and grilling with air. r r , The experimental values shown above indicate that left out state both the magnetic and the non-magnetic steels of the invention have a hardness in Of the order of magnitude of BÖ-3 - b2 kockwell. Lin special the difference in hardness between the two. which in tempered still 'in war-rolled z condition ex' @ er1. bar. Ir, cold-worked condition, but the delicate one Sitic and magnetic ötahl at about 10; 1 ledu-.tiori one hardness of eini_ G23-34 nockwell ur.d at. 60; 1 Caltreduk- tion a fermentation v:) n:; c30 -% + -. The aus terii t fish urzä n1 c :: t magnetic steel gatte at oU; J F. @ edal @ tion a. @; hardness Play Rc2.B-31 in the zg, benen lje-iL. In aged Ziustarid, after the- Kal th,; i.rtuii @ ;, rabez # L liie martensi tables :. : rY <lnetisc @ er 3tä.b.le (on 3.33'G er'Yci and with air fren @) lilt) a hardness of a few C29-48 rock- well i .-. i case of 40; ä cold reduction and of some itc40- @ at 6U: J 'cold reduction. The nicb.t mai: netischen # itärile ha = beri aged - (@ 3o @ and kissed with air .- "ilt) nacr1 der = -0j3 it @ ltredw = tion eire ayrte von einicen: tc35-37 in äeri 47-eize- examples and after the 60; J cold reaction one: - Places of Rc34-41, The greatest hardening is with the m, @ - r @ e ti aen odi # - r martensitic steels obtained. To ensure the great strength of martial and magnetic Se; uen steels according to the invention when they are up to about 90: "heduction cold drawn = .- urdel" is particularly scaaulicnen, became a particularly 3 example in Foria one .rares with an -iitalysed about 15 ; -; Uhrom, about l to o ;. "r; ic @ _el, about 3p copper about 1; @ aluminum and in the rest ini essential M: s an: @ left state, i1: .icältt: ervogeiiem state (with different Zipnrrrad up to nrihe -9t1 ;;) uni-, i in cold drawn and alteru: -, gsgelirwrtetem Zus examines Lana. The enerniacl: eusa @ niensetzan_ @ des sc @ r @ elle = i ieisniels and the Greek egg.gensc.4'iaften , Spoilage in Table III below -e.-stingy. Table lli Chemical: aaamuiensosition and mechanical properties in different relaxed, cold-drawn and cold-drawn-age-hardened . @ rants. @ sc @ n @ .it @ en _heat 11 r. 0 _in 2 S-si Cr _hU _Cu _lki 0540 6 7 v050 0, t75- 0.012 6, Ö1-2 0, .3 0 15.25 - 7947 3.14 U992 + ti # .C jfüi-lerci # "` 'b: -3e11- j- Uä ° hockweh- - Wire üuü Y a ni. i (di.Le: tt `-J .. - diam. speed, psi '' limit Psi + now. chsn hardness, Zoll _ " - - r.erdu .i at. @W ... ', J ranzel # #. z`` '89 /92 - 26/28 - 4 - / 4 7 6 65/66 B 6d sen 0, 4545 CD --5; 'j 10 3/1 0-- 3 62/6 2 43 / i 4ü 67/63 20 UD r @ t. @@ cl_ - 99/100 62/68 4.1, /. i ;: `l,! 'f: @` l s3 81 900 ' .r3 `j% j 1 1 q # w 11`i: '`1 U 71/74 i-3.13 7 21 6, e.g. c .. 0 9 Gr _.- f (, i v..ia-a @ I @l v + 1 105 / 1U6 - * @ 'f111 80/75 "7 @ @ 32l /:'.,, i- 7: ' 207 - l51 C @ J / / C. @ E7: .3 "' , 1 113 1 26,100 / 1, j _ / ... 3 4 6- (U "@ 24 .0'.` + ',, (2.' 09194 - j3 40.1 140 / 14.0 i 1 0 / 1.11 24/26 5f) / 61 0 2 8 !! "x!) - 40; b + 165/165 .141 / 141 18/1 C , -59/59 C 11-90a 3.1: ä CD 6U, `10 ° 17 0/172 162 / 168- 141/14 56/56 C ' 9 1 (; D 6 0 @ + 2j4 / 235 200/204 14/144 51/51 0 h-900 3.1; r`7 1: / 19a- 1e3 / 182 13/15 52/53 C. 11 - 7U @ i + 2dzkjfGV8 dJa / G% l 11/12 47/48 - 11 CD 8 "217 / - 2 0 9/215 11; 111 4E3 / 4-9 1! CD 83; j + 310/314 279/284 11/11 40/43 C., 1V>? C33 t34, 229/233 26-34 / 21U 10; j 10 r + .1 / 47 L` ! 1 ; 3 @@ it'a paragraph .. f 40/42 C H-900. shown 67/9 GI0 ') o v; @ c35 2% 8 2X / 215 41/41 L ü CD 8.7G + 33 5 / '313 @ Xh @ 3rd @ i paragraph, 11/11 40/4 0 5 U-910a @@; _ t + in r "arr @: nabscl.: znztt gerräft 900 - "900G2 - 1 hour . ++ psi 1. 1000 The ~ strength, the percentage @ eirurrf @, 'in 2 "Tand aie .irossrtuale # i'lä cwerzredL2ittion for .ieisiaiele in cold zot # eiieti urid cold-drawn and aging-hardened tem Staiil- drayrt iiacrz table TII = are in Fig. "t of the attached text calculation for various percentage cold reduction values te graphed. It hosts the different licher cold reductions was obtained; iird in ! Lt 'iex. `e- aei: #s 1: it is particularly pointed out that with a LrhöhuLz: the cold reductions the tensile strength. and the = fermented, while the malleability of the metal that initiate the @@ l.eZZeii @ # eduction and the deviation values will, t-; ut is retained. These are sinking His reductions of 70 or especially Redu.Ktio- ._:. @. v311 Sc @ = @ and more can be made. The great Pestig LFiü and hardness, which characterize the steel, but v: ird ,. @ t_-rlid of the subsequent aging hardening treatment Aims e -er hardening of the uterus? he reduced cold steels by some 63.3; is ° o,?:; '::: m`' (90 000 to 100 000 pai) on tensile strength values over 210.9 kgfmm2 (300,000 psi) for the stronger double steels (from about 133.6 to 200j4 kg / mm2, an additional. at the 7U ' - : L @ 1- @ rec: uzi. @ rteri @ cc.t @ l; @ ') n 'approaching from ob un (.w .._ :. m about about '154.7 to ec # ;; a -_' 1 @@ `, s-ir.e- v ^ _n ö3,. mm 2 , for the r30 @@ it.? reduced: @ anl;:.;:: @@ ri e @.: @. @ 35, 7 @ 6 / r @ im.`, eiUe at :: ># 7; j reduced @ t.aal). , Jip t-_rowe Ces star: c '- # 1 @ T ° zo @ ener: ilrsLil.es; e: Lni: -e Ye@oger.en; ~ `@ a:; Cti, @` eit # r @ ri _ :. 5: IC / Z- --i `@ai <: he @ 7 @ and zealterteh @ T # 0oe v ori _a @ elle III).: irü oitn ° Vgrs- lec: -_ teruz :: who achieved, ce, nn;: ie j.el: ri "i: __; öe." fit some 11p ".uic1 äiP -u,..: ie. @: c @ c _»: zr @ g z.irisc: uti.irun: als.: r @ ebn @ .s er ._'._ erur? @ sbe- in De _ #. uny ui:;. r @ anälj @ .nt iAc also --erinö. Your strength me r, *: rte together with well-behaved D @___ ility lichU the drastically kaltreduz-ip-rteri and a @ tera. @ gse- :, ^ '@ c @ eln. h-rte terj. j cauldraht to a multitude of -, 'ederr: to @ # robe: i before. three stainless, non-magnetiscaen ztänl e u_r- the 3/6 "diameter wire in various dimensions to aal 00b @: al-t pulled and then al-cer :: ri_cgenärtet. . @ i ° chemical: composition of these steels and their mechanical sch = ensci = aiten in cold drawn unc in: altgezcgenel @ and alterun - s # - expected state are nac: standing in -a-- # belle sketched. Table IV - _rte und Zugfestiv, Ke `sei - eriscY: aiten at room temperature von rost: fred en, nient @@: ~ _: ie-ti sceri, aussc @ reidun srlärtbaren -:> dial. @si tze _: r. :: n si @ i Cl @@ - R644 O, 064 - -1. ' 2 f - C> 76 iCJ, 1U, 27 @ , i1 @ 1- @ ?, 44 0 , 0 26 - k5t # G1 01 (, 'ö5 1, "7 U, 4d 1" u "i4,52 5, 0 2 1,5 0 R.?J04 üli 0 0132 1 #, 1t_ 1 @ r, id @, 2 t3 1, L-8 - - .: .z; _ tand = @ t ze - a - ( es zi - "- 2 zreck- - j = J) eh- Roc r. _.el t, -! L_7f / ZIMG limit , n ung- i i- _ 0.2 vl; L; ra -rl leave on - 1U; G ":! - @tr :: i- R} 644 2 2U, 4 ii? ite with: "assercesc = @ rec-tk3 @ ü @@ 5, 4 2U 15 5 7 83c0 5 @ c0,0: z? ate? in :, 4 (j; krl z ^ -e- R (644 @@, #j ° -: ZO r @ e21 H3601 1 , l; ' ü 1 C R5544 .iU-t -e- - R: c01- Z4: elasjen, t @ eiehen @t: 6 @ '1U @ d4 @! 2 r - R: tU1 1ti @, 5 8C _ - 0 4 ';; 4 u ^, `j? 1 ; U.: @ El; sse =., ÖU 5 @ 1 '- old - _ .. - (. las sexi, JU '-: 56Y4' @ 0 1c; 5 - ji5L @ 0 1 1 cU, 7 1 1 1 2Ü = U- h5BV4; 1U; c 111.5 an'selas seri, 1 d 5 "@: = 1 r 9 i + ^ ätci.be ' m i t L üz IL-L, 8 U "1" t 1 .- @ "@ 1ri C 8.i: ".. '11 @: jö04 1: #:, @ 1 @@ @ ö 1. 12 @, 3 1 1 i tempered, LAU .., __ :. 1 t @ e. @ öen (t5644 H ; 801 127, 7 ' 1 f, `@ 17,. RScÜ 12d ,: 119 17 L to let, =, Ü-> iraltz: ezo-_en z36 :: - 144 1 f 5 5zd.bei- 5 @ ^ 3Gi_ '., with lies #; c301 13'9 151 14 C ze _ # tUzl t 13 7 15 5 14 C It can be seen that the drastically reduced cold samples with Reductions of 80 and 9p% when the tension is turned on Features from 110.8 ° to 120p7 / mm2 at 80; a reduction and 12693 to 128t5 kg / mm2 when reduced. In These strengths increase in the non-hardened state 135.5 to 138.5 kg / mm 2 for the smaller reductions and to 137 to 144 lzg / mm2 for the larger reductions. the The increase in strength during the AlterunE @ s treatment is 16.9 up to 19.0 kg / mm` for the 80; n reductions and 9.1 to 189 " kg / time at 90t. Reduction. The image sanctity of steel that is given by the Detmun Lswei-te °., i.e, remains with the 'Alt.erungsbehaxidlung well preserved, in such a way that the elongation only reduced from 20 to 22 to 16 to 18i for the 80p Samples and from 17 to 18 v- on 14 to 15; ä in the 90%. redu- adorned samples falls. Possess in cold-hardened and aging ° hardened condition the steels of the invention have a tombnatidn high surface or external hardness together with internal toughness and plasticity speed; the internal hardness is considerably lower than that Surface hardness. The fact gul - - that the hardness of the finished metal is greatest: an - 'd, excellent is where the toughest cold work is done men, and least where the: most difficult cold work- treatment has taken place. In every 2411, however, the .Aimed final hardness not that of cold working, .son- change the combination of cold conduction and aging hardening. Particularly great dampness, st in combination with considerable Jildsamkeit available with the approximately 70 to 90; t ';, in particular about 80 to 90% reduced martensitic steels. In the case of non-hardening, the tensile strength strength of these heavily cold reduced steels by 63.3 up to, 3 kg / mm. and reaches with the more strongly reduced - @ us # festigfeita values over 218 kg / mm2 (from 133.6 to cgf: im` @, a "unaiine of 66.8 kg / mm2, at 7Ü`.-; cold Nrten St aril; from 154.7 to 218 ka / mm2, an increase kg / mm 2 for the 80.1 cold reduced steel; and from hui 23595 ltg / nua-, a runalule of ( 70 3 cg @ 'uun2, beim zal t reduced style): Even the most cold te --tahl; travels eizie after age hardening ..r @ @ildsaialzeit on that in the Cfrö! 3enardnuag of i uei 2'r and a constriction of about 4Q @ o. _@es.3nt: ers; the invention can be illustrated well by means of t @ arstellung von selr) st, thread-drilling screws through an automatic "see device explain in which the screws with a-" at a speed of around 300 pieces per minute. be adorned. In this operation, a wire mesh rial of typically 0.132 "diameter for forming Screw head upset. The hop can darr, finite one " rolled slot provided or for the production of a Phillips head - the eriar: 71erlio; ze üe- winch is rolled on. With aiesem cold - "@ al @ vii, so: @ie beim Cold accumulation, the cold reduction reaches an extent of 60, ö or more. .1) i6 resulting fermentation reaches koc «well 0379 although they only reach a few hockwell G2ö can, depending on your composition, __: sbalance, ": h. whether magnetic or non-magnetic ;; cr @ r4 @ t.ice @ y: added should be. : The tz: atverforz: ten screws are subject to aging h @@ rtuxigs- beic.nd.Luiig unscrubbed,; obsi himself a @ rilöhu @ ::::. rte on et,: ° a _ @ oc @ =., - ell U52 .%.? r dY.e screw: r with an If-rte im cold working state vün arü - 2hernd: ': o @ li' @ Iell "C37 Ema- gneti with aging at 1370 to -Arö (, 0 C) and eire: Hdrte of aniläherna @; o chwell C40 for those ai P in xal t bee.rbe --- - to have tetez: 4justanä a "hardness of L: eiernd hock # >> el1 G`261r # i @ ht magnetic,: with aging at 565 to 677 00) results. .l all these screws have age-hardened a surprising combination of large surface hardness, especially at the outermost edges of the screw bengangs, along with greatly reduced hardness and great Toughness and image integrity inside the screw. The upper _ curse upset head is hard in the same way and @ iu @ 3erordeii-tlicli good for mounting a drive train stuff, d: h. one operated by machine or by hand ten; -cjiraubeiiziehers 7, eeip-npt: .hie thread with hofier upper- fl # utes @ hardnesses are abrasion resistant and cut into oil: metal cladding gen -, Üi: üliilluiit- # en urig dergl., @ ,; obei themselves the 'Üe; rinde drill. Jie Sckirauberi makes sense for fastening _'metal- objects to each other and hold them tightly without 3rucA of the thread. Screws with the special composition equilibrium , in which an austenitic and non-magnetic structure ture results are especially -for fastening aluminum cladding- fertilize soft, cladding, roof coverings and the like. as Fridge, washing machine and other aluminum enclosures suitable., as they do not cause a Wh. seratoig embrittlement effect. call forward; caused by the galvanic effect is found that -with certain, - @, previously known screws, that is, especially with denjenig @ e. with martensitic Structure. - In ' . 3 brr attached drawing shows the invention would measure self-tapping screw in greatly enlarged % iaßstab shown. Jiian recognizes half a rhillips screw, whose other = -: 1T'te was removed by grinding. the Screw was made from a 0032 "diameter wire of the Heat R3919 with the chemical additions shown in Table T arunensetzuxis produced and aged for 5 hours - a at 455 ° C and cooled with air after production. .uie _14, rtebe- coherent, which was made along the screw core, as well as those who ex, the thread roots and the external most protrusions of the thread determined "," urderi, are in skirt * dell C -; @ erterl specified. The same is the hardship on Screw head specified. You can see that, wUhrerid die Zclrraubenseele a hardness of about. t; 22-25 Rockwell has (the -Z-tärtebesti ri,; tiai- # gexi; -Pa.rden on the adjacent hardness numbers- interpreted special points), the hardness lengthways dere @ r @ ix @ de; ürüel C30-> 9 kockwell reached. *, head of exitlang c.:'m.;ei;inde -be-, the hardness Re50-52. yie screw tip -Has a rärtw Irish about Re47, and the head has a j-.fj: üirte from? .ic '@ 39, except at. der: zussparung. reached here who heard Rc42-46. .Based on the cold-drawn and aged Abochraitter. of the wire from the hi W3919 The following hardness tests 1. can be calculated that the local .t @ inscr. @ necking on the self-tapping b hra "ie s to 70 jr eic-.t, unct aii den: lu _ @, - rs outside k: = iiteri self-drilling screw, according to .. # rf Linz eichet si_ gut zume @ h_n (@ebohren und Verbiriae: L :: etall- blee? -ien plate: i from yisen, Aluminitimf Yun_'er, '.ssin ui "ci der-l., #, voLei da: ielle` usa &#!L'IenS('t @ ll @ i = W @@ so #; e @ v, hlt is, da.j -alvanisc-1ie: @ ffe. @ te iti bin- : @@ i ü .i1 - <<: ainiumteiler1 ver ° i ^ .ieden: rerden. .Je f: .. @ r iilumi- ver @@; ended dclirauben are vorzuL-, si:, eise full .-tonic and not magnetic. The austenitic i; .agiietic steel is also used to manufacture .: r -_, _- Terite grapes, instrument panels, vifferbMttern, ..ei ey, etc. suitable. @ -e . @ r 'binding can be further explained using the production t: a @ -: l'.ds o_e-irtennendraht illustrate. The chemical feed of the wire, the succession of rustic Processing steps (for group 7 hot-rolled # ::: <a.i _-_ _-: alteaogen and with uru-npe 2 angelas, en uni cold- vzaa the received properties - .. e £@r.cen given in Table Y below. . : ru @ , @@ e 1 r; e Lnd -u, j: es- Lü.-u .- # - iz- _ 4 #t y1 se # a. o r1 # r.YV##i@# Y..V111lir. t e, JV # 1., '@v> -! 4, A l @ Y @V !!. l..42 I '7 C @ [% r e- rxca.,, 7 5: # #, '>## 7 # 5; "46: d / 59 .as- 1 @ if 7 i'IRd 14; -1 '2'' d , I`Y - @ - @ @@ 1 "!' @ -1/44 1 4, 14c, .1 / 1 47 9 7 1 * `@ -, 1i1 44 ' 1 1, y 1 1 47/48 142, 7 li 1 .1 3 7 1 1> 13 4/47 14394 141.3 ; et - @liRd, !; U3,2 / D 0 19ci 30191/730295 1c; 13 3UU, 4 / c92.6; / 12/13 43/44. - 3U3,: 14, ö @oC - lay - - - - - - it 9 mi t- - - '- - - ulkt s- - - - ; e @ clm @ .f- 0 ' 2Ü01 a 1.C1. + CD = old drawn - + a chemical composition _ P @; i @r = i Cu l s 190 0 ü9 U, CG-1U tje40- 14971 7906 3.1g 1916- The aluminum analysis was carried out on a: ri 41s ". Barreröab- - schriit vorgenommeri. yän notes that the 70; @ 1-, old-ezoeilen wire has an from as a result of `at @ riulgsh @@, rtua .: e @sielt.: irr (-c #. '#". 6 to 1 xg,! rm, 2 for das @; a @ roeixe -'Material aufc: ö bi, -: 204 kgf @ mri` " _ der, ge oe: e: _ - @ cr; aged fei the jiltci-uiigvird they iilcsaau; eit -w # beibeizalten <to 13 -,., : Jeiiz: .uilr @ and -e :: @@ a @ tei.) ral_t i: .. vvrk - leicii irlt 1.J @ ü.:. j1 @ and 4-7 to s- -_ - a bei-- #. t # Ü. and 1 r -.lt.e.ifo e- made of ° ericated material. so creates a rust-free one copper - .; ilumiiiiums, L aiil and eii: `@ -, @ 2, i @ ü @ re, i zur -jehaiidluriz des- same, with your aie above ordered goals in addition: z: - with four # @ # aktisci @ en Voi # share success reyc - L achieved weruen. l, he erii licui @ = ü e: Nä .K @ tai;: 1 e? : _net s 2 ch on Gr! irld be @r sue- zlichen Uüroi _, - yichet-hupfer-xlumiitiumzusaiir; elisetz; L -. @ - = and des spezialeli;) l; -ichewic: its uerselbe-i vorzügl i _ zum Ke.ltbe- work iuid '1Laltsormexr, like durc; i-- ütaucheii, *, lalzen, irschen and the like, ur :: a certain hardening of the tenancy u e2 goals. In addition, the Staill can be further riärtii, d by * s: poor treatment at = @ ä: @ieri Temperaturei harden, urrn a cold or wasilär tungsef feiet. The x@rfl.ndung also creates a multitude of converted forms such as bars, rods, Dral'it, plates, strips, special zial forms and the like, which are good for moderate hardening by means of the specified cold machining and cat processing muri @ ° svorgärge, @ .; ie this when making a Variety of objects and products is the case, and then! old: rungsgeh-.rtet;: erden körL @ en.,:; obei man eä.ne @ om- bination of high surface hardness, kbripbfesti ;; @. eit and Ve;: - üuiilei? Strength combined with inner tenacity -Lilusamkeit receives. -

Claims (1)

PA @. @ 2 * ':.' A Td SPR Ü C 1I E 1 Stainless chromium-nickel-copper-aluminum steel, the . is moderately hardenable by cold working and the subsequent is considerably hardenable by aging heat treatment. there- characterized by. that it consists essentially of about 10 to 25; ä Chromium and diolybdenum with an actual chromium content voxi at least 1U @ and up to 5 @ Kolybdenum 'where molybdenum parts of chromium in a ratio of 1: 1 - is, for example °. _ @ s 20; ä I3ictel and manganese, with an actual nickel . t # - t of at least 4;, and up to 15: ä Manganese, which replaced on the basis of 2/1, with the following ratio the two groups: ken ; aroma -: - olybdenum nickel-mang 1U; ö _ 13; @ .bis _ 12; 85ä to 1; 7; q to 1 @ iä 615% to 22 5; s to 20 typ 25 5% to e wa 1 to 5, - copper, about 0925 to 2.5070 ' aluminum, remainder isen exists. -.2. Steel according to claim 1, thereby indicating, that he is 11 to 20 @ nickel and I-1ari @ an and about 1 to Contains copper. 3. Steel according to claim 1, characterized 6ekennuei cnhet, that he worked in cold: and gea 1 tertem state in,; e- essential is magnetic and a, -. s about 10 to 22: @.; üro: a, 5 to 16-'i nickel with the following ratio between, Curom and - #: icKel:. Chrome i @ zi ckel 10; i 13; ö Dis 161 ' 12; cs ;; to 14; y. . i7 16 'J 7 /, bi o 1 3 s 19 5 ö - 69-52; to 9957; 5iJ 'to 6f @ l about 1 4; b copper, about 0.25 to 2.50 '/ 2' aluminum, no more than 0.10; 3 'carbon, remainder iron. _ 4. Steel according to claim 1, characterized e daVit cold-worked and yellowed te: üstand im _y, es: ritl.- chen is not magnetic and essentially a-Is et: #na to 25; @ C .- # rom, about 11 to 20; fl @: ickel with the following ratio- # Tü: d.ik # sei_ üei ## eii _'estai # d.tei .leli: :; @@ ro :: @ ic @@ e 1 - IC-J @ -% _ J b_ = UJ - _ - .3 J 1 1 r7. up to 1.0Y / o - 1 4, 1 0 () -11 et: ra bis = ra 1:.: up, fer, about 0.25 to 5U jiluiriniizri, not iat @ l :? ' 3.1: 3 l:, 1o ".: K0hlendtoff, iiest .i @ isell, f? E3ü hurries .. Steel according to i @ nSDUCh , thereby re @ 'ennzei chnet, that he essentially consists of about 14 to 111) ". o ! irßa, about to 1; i: 7 @: i, l @ el, "Jobei der:; ici @ el @: n @ lalt: Tiirid at least about üN @ I11i (1:? Ä7: 1 = 'üS E.'ti': `t3., '; @ RE:? _ for ei: n of 1 = r, J, and from 1 @, @ pray _ t, about, 1 s 1.- f ; _Copper, etv-, 1a to Alu: iiniu ~: i, not l-eiir as; zonlerx, itoi'f, liicht i :: ellr as I (., @ ü: itU @ f ,: est .il``.'ß11, (; SoZ: G'lit. @_. % Jt: 3i> .i @ r ^ aC`1 ri: iS?) R. @ ^. 11 r], dadurc - t da13 e "et,;: a 1 yiä 4: 1 copper; u: d ne-ir as J, I V. @ L, anlen- stoff uiictt @ .c @ Lsto_t i contains. '"!'. Steel according to claim 4, characterized in that, that: it is essentially not magrseti.seh and in the Weserit- lichen from ete: a 13 to 18 @ Chromium, about 11 to 13; NickelT about 2 to 4; i Kubfer, about 0.75 to 1.50; 0, aluminum, remainder Iron, teh. - 70 to 90;. 'J cold-reduced rust £ rel, ätahlpro- ä; ükt, which too great firmness urad Märte 'elevates - rather Bildeamyeit is age hardening, daduren.gekennzeich-. ne ', essentially aixs about 15 -his 18i chrome; approximately 7 to @, rtic @ -Le3, et # "ra 2 to 5i" copper, etvia 0.75 to 1.50-, b xlumiumi, kest .eisen, consists. '7ü to 90 cold reduced tea r = east-free o'tah.lprd- dä, zt, which was too firm and "fermented with alder rather 3ildsamkelt is age-hardenable, dadurc., n, marked- net, »': it essentially consists of: about 15 to -18y chrome, about: 11 to 1 ' : "Iickel, about 2 to 5 -; Kuder, about 0.75 to 1.50" Alunih.ium_4, remainder Eiseng. . 1C). Procedure for kierstelluxig rust- freerhrom - <@ ic: el-tupfer-iluminiu.sts.F3.lgeenstark@de, da- characterized dur3h that egg xi steel according to claim 1 up to cold- about 9Q / ä / i @ reduced and at a temperature of about 370 is cured up to 677 ° C. ..11, method according to claim 109, characterized by gelcennzeich- net that a steel from about 10 to 22% chromium, 5 to 1` Nickel - with the following ratio between the two: Chrome - nickel 10; s 13i to 16- " 127.0 8 younges bi s 1 4; 'o 16; 71i to 13io 1 0 95i @ up to 9.5% 22 @ - 5; "to 1 to copper, 0925 b: @s 2, .50 "a aluminum, remainder iron, turns about 70 to 90; b 'reduced cold and during a wine per- about 370 to 4t10 ° 0 is hardened or aged. 12. Process for the production of cold-formed, not magnetic, stainless chrome-nickel-copper-aluminum steel objects, characterized in that an Italian according to iai- spray 2, - which, however, can remove up to 5; -i copper, use det, reduced to about 90G.i and at an et.ipera-ture of about 565 to 677 0C is hardened:. .-13. Cold-formed, rust-free, one thread with send z3festigunäsmittel with a cold-reduced, rolled .winder part and a tough, bildsawen: learn, whose threaded part hardened "us-tarla auryrezst unn wes- its tough, malleable core is essentially not a is hardened, characterized in that it is made of -, tahl according to claim 1 exists. -14. I3fastening means according to claim 13, characterized in that indicates that it is essentially not:, a-rietis arid consists of steel according to claim 2. 15, Hardened, self-drilling, residue-free Steel screw ,. consisting of a rolled-on, a Ge:, rin- de exhibiting because with a hard surface - "-! _ c @? e and a tough, sculptural herriteil, characterized in that the screw. is essentially taagiietiseh and in the .rese: atli from about 1.5 to 18, @; Chröm, about 7 to 10; j nickel, et'r.a 2 ois; @ copper, about 0.75 to 19505, lurriinäzm, remainder iron ,. consists. 16.. Hardened, self-drilling, rust-free itahl screw, toe from a heated, a threaded de exhibiting, &: part with a hard surface and a tough, plastic core part, characterized by the fact that there is a screw essentially, en nient magne Lisen. is essentially zuia aas e 1 # to ld; -n chrome, about 11 to 13; ä @ #: ic @ _e1, about 2 to = copper, about 0.75 to 1.50 -, # aluminum, pest Lisen, consists. 17. Stainless steel grease, characterized in that darß consists of the steel according to claim 1. 16. Iagnetiscie, rust-free grinding spring, thereby geacenn- Le @ .c: @, daäsie im j: reseiitlichen from about 15 to 18` ,, Urrom, 7 vi: 3 1u-bs; ieiely about 2 to 5; ö copper, about 0.75 to 1.5 (3e Aluminum, reads iron, best., * -, - t. stainless; 3ta? ilieder, thereby ge.enx@üeiczriet, da-: '., they in the :: clear from about 15 to 113; ö Chroui, about 11 to 13; j @ticIel, about 2 to 5 ;; Copper, about 0.75 to 1150 ## p -Rest Bisen, best.eait. 20. Hadioaritennendraht, thereby marked picmiet, da1 er 2.m; @eseiitliohen from about 15; a chrome, about 8xä ä @ Fickel, about, 3;. @ Hugier, et:.; A 1; #> Aluminum, nest: iron, - consists.