US3926621A - Cold workable and age-hardenable steel - Google Patents
Cold workable and age-hardenable steel Download PDFInfo
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- US3926621A US3926621A US466512A US46651274A US3926621A US 3926621 A US3926621 A US 3926621A US 466512 A US466512 A US 466512A US 46651274 A US46651274 A US 46651274A US 3926621 A US3926621 A US 3926621A
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 123
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 15
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 102100038110 Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 101710124361 Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910018575 Al—Ti Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 102100038108 Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 101710124345 Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 229910003310 Ni-Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 101710104546 Probable sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 6 Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910018182 Al—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910017945 Cu—Ti Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- KHYBPSFKEHXSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iminotitanium Chemical compound [Ti]=N KHYBPSFKEHXSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 m0- lybdenum Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001000 nickel titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
Definitions
- ABSTRACT A cold workable and age-hardenable steel includes weight percentages of carbon and manganese within an area enclosed by a line connecting points P, Q, R and S as shown in the accompanying FIG.
- This invention relates to cold workable and age-hardenable Ni-Al type, Ni-Al-Cu type, Ni-Al-Ti type and Ni-Al-Cu-Ti type steels which are machinable with easiness and have high ductility under the solution treatments.
- Business machines such as data-processing machines and complicated articles such as racks, gears, arms, stoppers and carriages used in making a computer are made by using a case hardening steel and then they are heat-treated for hardening the case hardening steel. Also such business machines and such complicated articles are made of a heat-treated band steel. In such a case, the case hardening steel has a defect so that it has strain after it was heated-treated, and also the heattreated band steel has a defect so that it is difficult to work it into such a complicated article.
- the inventors have investigated for removing the above mentioned defects from the prior known steels and have discovered cold workable and age-hardenable steels which are improved in their cold-workability by reducing their hardness under the solution treatments and can be hardened by age-treatment and have little strain after they were heat-treated.
- The'cold workability which is determined 'on the basis of the tight-bending of the steel is varied depending upon not only the solution treated hardness but the contents of carbon and manganese, and therefore it is preferable to use carbon and manganese in the amounts as defined within the area enclosed by the line connecting the points P, Q and R to the point S as shown in the accompanying FIG. 1 showing carbon versus manganese. This is fully explained as the description goes on.
- a small amount of silicon is essential for conducting the smelting technique but a larger amount of silicon impairs the ductility and the cold workability of steels and therefore the content of silicon is defined to less than 0.6 weight percentage.
- Nickel is an alloying element for producing a Ni-Al alloy or a Ni-Ti alloy, and also it is an essential alloying element for improving the age-hardenability of steels by the synergistic actions and effects between Ni and Cu but the actions and effects of Ni are not remarkable when it is added into steels in an amount of below 2.5 weight percentages.
- Copper is deposited as an e-phase in steels for improving the age-hardenability of the steels and it is used as an essential element for strengthening the steels by the synergistic actions and effects between Cu and depositions resulted by the presence of nickel, aluminum and titanium. It is preferable to use copper in an amount of above 0.5 weight percentage.
- Titanium is an alloying element for producing a metal compound between Ti and Ni or Ti and Al and it is cobalt and less than 0.5 weight of beryllium are incorporated with said steel but they impede the cold workability of the steel and become expensive when they are used in a larger amount. Also, the cold workable and age-hardenable steel of this invention is improved markedly in its temperability when a small amount of boron is incorporated with said steel but the ductility and the output of the steel are impeded when boron is incorporated with the steel in an excess amount. Therefore, it is preferable to use boron in an amount of below 0.01 weight percentage.
- These metals can be used for improving the cold workability under the conditions of solution treatment used as an essential element for improving the age-harand the fineness of the crystalline particles of the cold denablllty of steels by the synergistic actions and efworkable and age-hardenable steel of this invention but fects between Ti and Cu. It is preferable to use titanium they become expensive and the output of the steel is in an amount of above 0.5 weight percentage. impeded when they are used in a larger amount.
- Sulphur, lead, selenium, tellurium and bismuth: N1, Al, Cu and Ti is required to limit to the lower con-
- These metals can be used for improving the machintent of 4.5 weight percentages for obtaining the inability and retaining the age-hardenability of the cold tended Vickers age-hardness of above 300.
- workable and age-hardenable steel of this invention but if the age-hardenability improving alloying metals are the steel is impeded in its ductility and workability and used in a larger amount of above 6.5 weight percentit tends to become brittle when such metals are incorages, they become expensive and also in some cases porated with the steel in a larger amount.
- the total amount of the ageand bismuth in an amount of below 0.3 weight hardenability improving alloying metals are defined below 0.4 weight below 0.5 weight below 0.3 within the range of from 4.5 to 6.5 weight percentages. weight and below 0.3 weight respectively.
- Table 1 it shows various kinds of steels improving the ductility and the resistance against the designated by the signs M(or NA-l), NA-2, D, E, softening of the cold workable and age-hardenable NAK-2, NAK-3, N(or NAT-1), NAT-2, A(or NAKT- steel of this invention when less than 2.5 weight of l), B, C, NAKT-2, N28, NAKT-3, F, G(or NAK-l), H, chromium, less than 0.5 weight of molybdenum, less I, J, K and L.
- the steels M, N, A and G are the same as the steels NA-l, NAT-l, NAKT-l and NAK-l respectively. Also it should be noted from Table 1 that the steels M (or NA-l NA-2, D, E, NAK-2, NAK-3, N(or NAT-1), NAT-2, A(or NAKT-l), B, C, NAKT-2, N28 and NAKT-3 are the cold workable and age-hardenable steels of this invention and the steels F, G (or NAK-l H, l, J, K and L are the comparative steels.
- the steels M and NA-2 are the cold workable and age-hardenable Ni-Al type steels; the steels D, E, NAK-2 and NAK-3 are the cold workable and age-hardenable Ni-Al-Cu type steels; and steels N(or NAT-1) and NAT-2 are the cold workable and age-hardenable Ni-Al-Ti type steels; and the steels A(or NAKT-l B,
- NAKT-Z, N28 and NAKT-3 are the cold workable and age-hardenable Ni-Al-Cu-Ti type steels of this invention.
- Test samples of the steels as shown in Table l were subjected to the solution treatment at 900C for minutes, followed by cooling them in oil and then the treated test samples were tested for 180 tight-bending and machinability. Further, the treated test samples were age-treated at 525C for 5 hours.
- the cold workability of the steels which were subjected to the solution treatment was determined by observing the presence or the absence of cracks on the bent part of each of the test samples after they were tested for 180 tightbending in the direction along the rolling of the steels. The test results are give in Table 2.
- the total sum of the age-hardenability improving alloying metals Ni,
- the solution treated hardness of the cold workable and age-hardenable steel of this invention is required to be kept at 175 Vickers hardness or more for securing the age-hardness of above 300 Vickers hardness.
- the solution treated hardness is not co-related to the180 tight-bending as shown in Table 2 Referring to FIG. 1, it shows the relationship between the 180 tight-bending of the test samples and the amounts of carbon and manganese contained in the test samples.
- FIG. 2 it shows the hardness distribution depending on the depth measured from the surface of the test sample.
- FIG. 3 it shows four curves 1, 2, 3 and 4 indicating the relationship between the hardness and the depth measured from the surface of the test samples.
- the white marked points indicate that the 180 tight-bending of the test samples is good and also the black marked points indicate that the 180 tight-bending of the test samples is bad. It is obvious from the FIG. 1 that the 180 tight-bending of the cold workable and age-hardenable steels of this invention is strongly co-related to the amounts of carbon and manganese contained in such steels and also that it is possible to secure the 180 tight-bending of such steels when they contain less than 0.08 weight of carbon and less than 1.8 weight of manganese.
- the use of a suitable amount of the machinability improving alloying metals can improve remarkedly the life of the cutting tools without affecting the 180 tight-bending and the agehardness of the cold workable and age-hardenable steels of this invention. Still further, it was recognized that the use of a suitable amount of the ductility and temperability improving alloying metals and the alloying metals for improving the fineness of the crystalline particles can improve the strength of the cold workable and age-hardenable steels of this invention without affecting the 180 tight-bending, the age-hardness and the machinability of such steels.
- test results are shown after the steel A(or NAKT-l) was treated with a liquid nitriding agent, which is sold under the trade name of NI-I-3 by Nisshin Kagaku Kaisha, at 520C for 2 hours.
- a liquid nitriding agent which is sold under the trade name of NI-I-3 by Nisshin Kagaku Kaisha, at 520C for 2 hours.
- the curve 1 shows the test results after the steel A(or NAKT-l) was treated at 570C for minutes by using a tufftriding method.
- the Curves 2 and 3 show the test results after the steel A(or NAKT- l was treated at 570C for 60 minutes and 30 minutes respectively by using the tufftriding method.
- the curve 4 shows the test results after the steel G(or NAK- l) was treated at 570C for 180 minutes by using the tufftriding method.
- the critical essential features of the cold workable and age-hardenable steel of this invention to contain less than 0.08 weight of carbon and less than 1.8 weight of manganese and to fall within the area as indicated in the FIG. 1. Also, it is the critical essential features of the cold workable and age-hardenable steel of this invention to contain the age-hardenability improving alloying metals in combination of Ni and Al or Ni, Al and Cu or Ni, Al and Ti or Ni, Al, Cu and Ti in which Ni is more than 2.5 weight Al is more than 0.6 weight Cu is more than 0.5 weight and Ti is more than 0.5 weight T, and the total amount of the age-hardenability improving alloying metals is in the range of from 4.5 to 6.5 weight percentages.
- test samples were cut into test samples having the size of 1 mm thickness X 30 mm Width X mm length and the test samples were bent 9 by the angle of 90 and then the variation of angle was observed after they were age-treated. It was found that the test samples had a little strain resulted by the thermal treatments.
- the test results are given in Table 4.
- the sign L indicates that the test samples were bent in the direction along the rolling of the steel A.
- the sign T indicates that the test samples were bent in the direction perpendicular to the rolling of the steel A.
- the cold workable and age-hardenable steels of this invention have been developed for obtaining the materials, which are easily workable by pressing, extruding, deep drawing, heading or cutting by applying the cold workability to the steels under the conditions of the solution treatment, having the age-hardness of above 300 Vickers hardness and the improved machinability after the materials were age-treated.
- the specified amount of Ni and Al or Ni, Al and Cu or Ni, Al and Ti or Ni, Al, Cu and Ti is added to the steels as the age-hardenability improving alloying metals and also the contents of carbon and manganese are defined as mentioned above for securing the cold workability of the materials.
- the ductility and temperability of the materials, the fineness of the crystalline particles of the materials and the machinability of the materials are improved by incorporating the specified amount of chromium, m0- lybdenum, tungsten, cobalt, beryllium and boron as the ductility and temperability improving alloying metals; the specified amount of niobium, tantalum, vanadium and zirconium as the fineness improving alloying metals; and the specified amount of sulphur, lead, selenium, tellurium and bismuth as the machinability improving alloying metals with the materials.
- the cold workable and age-hardenable steels of this invention can widely be used as the structural steels having high machinability and less thermal strain and they are practically useful steels.
- a cold workable and age-hardenable steel characterized in that it consists essentially of the weight percentages of carbon and manganese within the area enclosed by the line connecting points P, Q and R to the point S as shown in the accompanying FIG. 1; an effective amount up to 0.6 weight of silicon, and, as age-hardenability improving alloying metals, more than 2.5 weight of nickel, more than 0.6 weight of aluminum, more than 0.5 weight of copper and more than 0.5 weight of titanium, the total amount of nickel, aluminum, copper and titanium being in the range of from 4.5 to 6.5 weight said point P indicating zero weight of carbon and 1.8 weight of manganese, said point Q indicating 0.08 weight of carbon and 0.5 weight of manganese, said point R indicating 0.08 weight of carbon and zero weight of mangative amount up to 0.3 weight. of tellurium and an effective amount up to 0.3 weight of bismuth.
- a cold workable and age-hardenable steel characterized in that it consists essentially of the weight percentages of carbon and manganese within the area enclosed by the line connecting points P, Q and R to the point S as shown in the accompanying FIG. 1; an
- age-hardenability improving alloying metals more than 2.5 weight of nickel, more than 0.6 weight of aluminum, more than 0.5 weight of copper and more than 0.5 weight of titanium, the total amount of nickel, aluminum, copper and titanium being in the range of from 4.5 to 6.5 weight said point P indicating zero weight of carbon and 1.8 weight of manganese, said point Q indicating 0.08 weight of carbon and 0.5 weight of manganese, said point R indicating 0.08 weight of carbon and zero weight of manganese and said point S indicating zero weight of carbon and zero weight of manganese, and further consisting of, as ductility and temperability improving alloying metals, at least one element selected from the group consisting of an effective amount up to 2.5 weight of chromium, an effective amount up to 0.5 weight of molybdenum, an effective amount up to 0.5 weight of tungsten, an effective amount up to 0.5 weight of cobalt, an effective amount up to 0.5 weight of beryllium and an effective amount up to 0.01 weight of boron, and.
- alloying metals for improving the fineness of the crystalline particles of said steel at least one element selected from the group consisting of an effective amount up to 0.3 weight of the total amount of niobium and tantalum, an effective amount up to 0.5 weight of vanadium and an effective amount up to 0.5 weight of zirconium.
- a cold workable and age-hardenable steel characterized in that it consists essentially of the weight percentages of carbon and manganese within the area enclosed by the line connecting points P, Q and R to the point S as shown in the accompanying FIG. 1; an effective amount up to 0.6 weight of silicon, and, as age-hardenability improving alloying metals, more than 2.5 weight of nickel, more than 0.6 weight of aluminum, more than 0.5 weight of copper and more than 0.5 weight of titanium, the total amount of nickel, aluminum, copper and titanium being in the range of from 4.5 to 6.5 weight said point P indicat ing zero weight of carbon and 1.8 weight of manganese, said point Q indicating 0.08 weight of carbon and 0.5 weight of manganese, said point R indicating 0.08 weight of carbon and zero weight of manganese and said point S indicating zero weight of carbon and zero weight of manganese, and further consisting of, as ductility and temperability improving alloying metals, at least one element selected from the group consisting of an effective amount up to 2.5 weight of chromium
- a cold workable and age-hardenable steel characterized in that it consists essentially of the weight percentages of carbon and manganese within the area enclosed by the line connecting points P, Q and R to the point S as shown in the accompanying FIG. 1; an effective amount up to 0.6 weight of silicon, and, as age-hardenability improving alloying metals, more than 2.5 weight of nickel, more than 0.6 weight of aluminum, more than 0.5 weight of copper and more than 0.5 weight of titanium, the total amount of nickel, aluminum, copper and titanium being in the range of from 4.5 to 6.5 weight said point P indicating zero weight of carbon and 1.8 weight of manganese, said point Q indicating 0.08 weight of carbon and 0.5 weight of manganese, said point R indicating 0.08 weight of carbon and zero weight of manganese and said point S indicating zero weight of carbon and zero weight of manganese, and further consisting of, as machinability improving alloying metals, at least one element selected from the group consisting of an effective amount up to 0.3 weight of sulphur, an effective amount
- a cold workable and age-hardenable steel characterized in that it consists essentially of the weight percentages of carbon and manganese within the area enclosed by the line connecting points P, Q and R to the point S as shown in the accompanying FIG. 1; an effective amount up to 0.6 weight of silicon, and, as age-hardenability improving alloying metals, more than 2.5 weight of nickel, more than 0.6 weight of aluminum, more than 0.5 weight of copper and more than 0.5 weight of titanium, the total amount of nickel, aluminum, copper and titanium beingin the range of from 4.5 to 6.5 weight said point P indicating zero weight of carbon and 1.8 weight of manganese, said point Q indicating 0.08 weight of carbon and 0.5 weight of manganese, said point R indicating 0.08 weight of carbon and zero weight of manganese and said point S indicating zero weight of carbon and zero weight of manganese, and further consisting of, as alloying metals for improving the fineness of the crystalline particles of said steel, at least one element selected from the group consisting of an effective amount up to 0.5
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Abstract
A cold workable and age-hardenable steel includes weight percentages of carbon and manganese within an area enclosed by a line connecting points P, Q, R and S as shown in the accompanying FIG. 1; less than 0.6 weight % of silicon; as age-hardenability improving alloying metals more than 2.5 weight % of nickel and more than 0.6 weight % of aluminum or more than 2.5 weight % of nickel, more than 0.6 weight % of aluminum and more than 0.5 weight % of copper or more than 2.5 weight % of nickel, more than 0.6 weight % of aluminum and more than 0.5 weight % of titanium or more than 2.5 weight % of nickel, more than 0.6 weight % of aluminum, more than 0.5 weight % of copper and more than 0.5 weight % of titanium; the total amount of nickel and aluminum or nickel, aluminum and copper or nickel, aluminum and titanium or nickel, aluminum, copper and titanium being in the range of from 4.5 to 6.5 weight %; and the balance which is substantially iron and impurities. Ductility, temperability and machinability improving elements may be added as well as metals for improving the fineness of the crystalline particles of the steel.
Description
Asada et a1.
[451 Dec. 16, 1975 COLD WORKABLE AND AGE-HARDENABLE STEEL [75] Inventors: Chiaki Asada, Nagoya; Toshiyuki Watanabe, Nishio, both of Japan [73] Assignee: Daido Seiko Kabushiki Kaisha,
[22] Filed:
Nagoya, Japan May 2, 1974 [21] Appl. No.: 466,512
Related US. Application Data [62] Division of Ser. No. 187,825, Oct. 8, 1971, Pat. No.
[30] Foreign Application Priority Data Oct. 19, 1970 [52] U.S.Cl..... [51] Int. Cl.
Japan 45-91150 75/124; 75/125 C22C 38/06; C22C 38/16 WEIGHT OF MANGANESE 5(C,Mn:0%) 0.05
Primary ExaminerL. Dewayne Rutledge Assistant Examiner-Arthur J. Steiner Attorney, Agent, or FirmWenderoth, Lind & Ponack [57] ABSTRACT A cold workable and age-hardenable steel includes weight percentages of carbon and manganese within an area enclosed by a line connecting points P, Q, R and S as shown in the accompanying FIG. 1; less than 0.6 weight of silicon; as age-hardenability improving alloying metals more than 2.5 weight of nickel and more than 0.6 weight of aluminum or more than 2.5 weight of nickel, more than 0.6 weight of aluminum and more than 0.5 weight of copper or more than 2.5 weight of nickel, more than 0.6 weight of aluminum and more than 0.5 weight of titanium or more than 2.5 weight of nickel, more than 0.6 weight of aluminum, more than 0.5 weight of copper and more than 0.5 weight of titanium; the total amount of nickel and aluminum or nickel, aluminum and copper or nickel, aluminum and titanium or nickel, aluminum, copper and titanium being in the range of from 4.5 to 6.5 weight and the balance which is substantially iron and impurities. Ductility, temperability and machinabili'ty improving elements may be added as well as metals for improving the fineness of the crystalline particles of the steel.
5 Claims, 3 Drawing Figures P(C 0%, Mn 1.80%)
Q (CI0.080%, MnIO.50%)
(CI0.08%,MnZO%) WEIGHT OF CARBON US. Patent Dec. 16, 1975 WEIGHT "/6 OF MANGANESE FIG. I
P(C Z 0%, Mn 1 1.80%)
WEIGHT OF CARBON VICKERS HARDNESS U.S. Patent Dec. 16, 1975 Sheet2of2 3,926,621
1200- FIG. 2
U) I (D LU z 800- Q (I 1 I GOO UJ X 2 E 2 u I 400- o o'.1 012 0'3 0:4 ofs DEPTH MEASURED FROM THE SURFACE OF THE STEEL (mm) FIG. 3
0.62 0'04 0:06 o os d1 J 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 CENTER DEPTH MEASURED FROM THE SURFACE OF THE STEELS (mm) COLD WORKABLE AND AGE-HARDENABLE STEEL This is a division, of application Ser. No. 187,825, filed Oct. 8, 1971, now US. Pat. No. 3,856,514.
- DETAILED EXPLANATION OF INVENTION This invention relates to cold workable and age-hardenable Ni-Al type, Ni-Al-Cu type, Ni-Al-Ti type and Ni-Al-Cu-Ti type steels which are machinable with easiness and have high ductility under the solution treatments.
Business machines such as data-processing machines and complicated articles such as racks, gears, arms, stoppers and carriages used in making a computer are made by using a case hardening steel and then they are heat-treated for hardening the case hardening steel. Also such business machines and such complicated articles are made of a heat-treated band steel. In such a case, the case hardening steel has a defect so that it has strain after it was heated-treated, and also the heattreated band steel has a defect so that it is difficult to work it into such a complicated article. i It is preferable to use an age-hardenable steel, which has less strain after it was heat-treated, for making such a business machine and such a complicated article but the prior known age-hardenable steels do not always give the satisfactory results in making the business machines and the complicated articles.
The inventors have investigated for removing the above mentioned defects from the prior known steels and have discovered cold workable and age-hardenable steels which are improved in their cold-workability by reducing their hardness under the solution treatments and can be hardened by age-treatment and have little strain after they were heat-treated.
It is an object of this invention to provide a cold workable and age-hardenable steel consisting essentially of weight percentages of carbon and manganese within an area enclosed by a line connecting points P, Q and R to a point S as shown in the accompanying FIG. 1; less than 0.6 weight of silicon; as age-hardenability improving alloying metals more than 2.5 weight of nickel and more than 0.6 weight of aluminum or more than 2.5 weight of nickel, more than 0.6% of aluminum and more than 0.5 weight of copper or more than 2.5 weight of nickel, more than 0.6 weight of aluminum and more than 0.5 weight of titanium or more than 2.5 weight of nickel, more than 0.6 weight of aluminum, more than 0.5 weight of copper and more than 0.5 weight of titanium; the total amount of nickel and aluminum or nickel, aluminum and copper or nickel, aluminum and titanium or nickel, aluminum, copper and titanium being in the range of from 4.5 to 6.5 weight and the balance which is substantially iron and impurities, said point P indicating zero weight of carbon and 1.8 weight of manganese, said point Q indicating 0.08 weight of carbon and 0.5 weight of manganese, said point R indicating 0.08 weight of carbon and zero weight of manganese and said point S indicating zero weight of carbon and zero weight of manganese.
Also, it is another object of this invention to provide a cold workable and age-hardenable steel consisting essentially of weight percentages of carbon and manganese within an area enclosed by a line connecting points P, Q and R to a point S as shown in the accompanying FIG. 1; less than 0.6 weight of silicon; as agehardenability improving alloying metals more than 2.5 weight of nickel and more than 0.6 weight of aluminum or more than 2.5 weight of nickel, more than 0.6 weight of aluminum and more than 0.5 weight of copper or more than 2.5 weight of nickel, more than 0.6 weight of aluminum and more than 0.5 weight of titanium or more than 2.5 weight of nickel, more than 0.6 weight of aluminum, more than 0.5 weight of copper and more than 0.5 weight of titanium; the total amount of nickel and aluminum or nickel, aluminum and copper or nickel, aluminum and titanium or nickel, aluminum, copper and titanium being in the range of from 4.5 to 6.5 weight and the balance which is substantially iron and impurities in combination with at least one of ductility and temperability improving alloying metals alone or at least one of alloying metals alone for improving the fineness of the crystalline particles of said steel and at least one of machinability improving alloying metals alone or in combination with at least two metals selected from said ductility and temperability improving alloying metal, said alloying metal for improving the fineness of the crystalline particles of said steel and said machinability improving alloying metal, said point P indicating zero weight of carbon and 1.8 weight of manganese, said point Q indicating 0.08 weight of carbon and 0.5 weight of manganese, said point R indicating 0.08 weight of carbon and zero weight of manganese and said point S indicating zero weight of carbon and zero weight of manganese.
The'reasons why carbon, manganese, silicon, agehardenability improving alloying metals, ductility and temperability improving alloying metals, alloying metals for improving the fineness of the crystalline particles of the steel and machinability improving alloying metals are defined as the components and also in their amounts in accordance with this invention are explained hereinafter.
1. Carbon and Manganese: I
The'cold workability which is determined 'on the basis of the tight-bending of the steel is varied depending upon not only the solution treated hardness but the contents of carbon and manganese, and therefore it is preferable to use carbon and manganese in the amounts as defined within the area enclosed by the line connecting the points P, Q and R to the point S as shown in the accompanying FIG. 1 showing carbon versus manganese. This is fully explained as the description goes on.
2. Silicon:
A small amount of silicon is essential for conducting the smelting technique but a larger amount of silicon impairs the ductility and the cold workability of steels and therefore the content of silicon is defined to less than 0.6 weight percentage.
3. Nickel:
Nickel is an alloying element for producing a Ni-Al alloy or a Ni-Ti alloy, and also it is an essential alloying element for improving the age-hardenability of steels by the synergistic actions and effects between Ni and Cu but the actions and effects of Ni are not remarkable when it is added into steels in an amount of below 2.5 weight percentages.
4. Aluminum:
Aluminum is an alloying element for producing an Al=Ni alloy and an Al-Ti alloy, and also it is an essential all ying element for improving the age-hardenability of steels by the synergistic actions and effects between A1 and Cu, and therefore it is required to use aluminum in an amount of above 0.6 weight percentage.
5. Copper: I
Copper is deposited as an e-phase in steels for improving the age-hardenability of the steels and it is used as an essential element for strengthening the steels by the synergistic actions and effects between Cu and depositions resulted by the presence of nickel, aluminum and titanium. It is preferable to use copper in an amount of above 0.5 weight percentage.
6. Titanium:
Titanium is an alloying element for producing a metal compound between Ti and Ni or Ti and Al and it is cobalt and less than 0.5 weight of beryllium are incorporated with said steel but they impede the cold workability of the steel and become expensive when they are used in a larger amount. Also, the cold workable and age-hardenable steel of this invention is improved markedly in its temperability when a small amount of boron is incorporated with said steel but the ductility and the output of the steel are impeded when boron is incorporated with the steel in an excess amount. Therefore, it is preferable to use boron in an amount of below 0.01 weight percentage.
8. Niobium, tantalum, vanadium and zirconium:
These metals can be used for improving the cold workability under the conditions of solution treatment used as an essential element for improving the age-harand the fineness of the crystalline particles of the cold denablllty of steels by the synergistic actions and efworkable and age-hardenable steel of this invention but fects between Ti and Cu. It is preferable to use titanium they become expensive and the output of the steel is in an amount of above 0.5 weight percentage. impeded when they are used in a larger amount. Therelt 1s ObVlOUS from the data as shown in Table 2 that fore, the total amount of niobium and tantalum is dethe total amount of the age-hardenability improving fined to less than 0.5 weight percentage and vanadium alloying metals which are added in the cold workable and zirconium are defined to less than 0.5 weight perand age-hardenable steel of this invention in combinacentage respectively. tion of Ni and Al or Ni, Al and Cu or Ni, Al and Ti or 9. Sulphur, lead, selenium, tellurium and bismuth: N1, Al, Cu and Ti is required to limit to the lower con- These metals can be used for improving the machintent of 4.5 weight percentages for obtaining the inability and retaining the age-hardenability of the cold tended Vickers age-hardness of above 300. However, workable and age-hardenable steel of this invention but if the age-hardenability improving alloying metals are the steel is impeded in its ductility and workability and used in a larger amount of above 6.5 weight percentit tends to become brittle when such metals are incorages, they become expensive and also in some cases porated with the steel in a larger amount. Therefore it aluminum, copper and titanium impede the output of is preferable to use sulphur, lead, selenium, tellurium the steels and therefore the total amount of the ageand bismuth in an amount of below 0.3 weight hardenability improving alloying metals are defined below 0.4 weight below 0.5 weight below 0.3 within the range of from 4.5 to 6.5 weight percentages. weight and below 0.3 weight respectively.
7. Chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, cobalt, beryl- This invention is illustrated by the following Examlium and boron: ples. I
These metals can be used alone or in combination for Referring to Table 1, it shows various kinds of steels improving the ductility and the resistance against the designated by the signs M(or NA-l), NA-2, D, E, softening of the cold workable and age-hardenable NAK-2, NAK-3, N(or NAT-1), NAT-2, A(or NAKT- steel of this invention when less than 2.5 weight of l), B, C, NAKT-2, N28, NAKT-3, F, G(or NAK-l), H, chromium, less than 0.5 weight of molybdenum, less I, J, K and L. than 0.5 weight of tungsten, less than 0.5 weight of Table 1 Signs of Compositions of Steels (76) Steels c Si Mn P Ni Al Cu Ti Others M or NA-l 0.01 I 0.07 1.20 0.007 0.012 3.65 1.10 0.15
N2 0.009 0.10 1.25 0.010 0.010 3.56 1.04 0.13 Cr 0.50
N3 0.01 0.008 1.19 0.009 0.008 3.52 1.08 0.16 Nb Ta 1 0.08
N5 0.011 0.09 1.21 0.011 0.007 3.40 0.98 0.09 Cr: 0.50,v 0.15
N6 0.008 0.11 1.24 0.013 0.009 3.35 1.01 0.13 c1 1 0.45. Pb 0.15
N7 0.01 0.12 1.17 0.020 0.011 3.60 1.05 0.08 Nb 10.02, Pb 10.15
N8 0.007 0.15 1.23 0.018 0.103 3.55 1.03 0.07 M0 0.2, v 01 D 0.03 0.06 0.52 0.003 0.019 3.14 0.98 0.90 Be .001
E 0.07 0.15 0.52 0.003 0.008 3.34 0.96 1.04 MO 0.20
N11 0.02 0.13 0.78 0.009 0.012 3.45 1.05 1.01 Nb 1 0.06
NAK-2 0.04 0.10 1.07 0.004 0.090 3.35 1.08 0.98
N13 0.06 0.13 0.65 0.010 0.010 3.10 1.02 0.95 MO 1 0.20. v 0.10
NAK-3 0.03 0.25 0.99 0.008 0.108 3.28 1.12 1.10 MO 0.15, v 0.10
N 01' NAT-l 0.05 0.03 0.70 0.010 0.007 3.85 0.90 0.01 1.05
N18 0.03 0.02 0.65 0.010 0.010 3.64 0.98 0.05 1.15 Mo 10.21
N19 0.01 0.14 0.84 0.008 0.011 3.45 0.97 0.10 1.01 Nb 0.02
N20 0.01 0.12 0.45 0.013 0.016 3.50 1.05 0.05 0.98 Pb: 0.14
N21 0.009 0.09 0.75 0.017 0.018 3.71 1.10 0.13 1.13 Cr 0.45. v 0.10
N22 0.02 0.14 1.12 0.013 0.012 3.49 1.08 0.10 1.15 MO 1 0.12, Pb 0.10
NAT-2 0.03 0.04 1.30 0.015 0.009 3.51 1.02 0.05 1.10 Nb +Ta 0.20
N24 0.02 0.07 1.10 0.013 0.075 3.21 0195 0.11 0.95 B:0.00l.V:0.l0
A0! NAKT-1 0.01 0.08 1.00 0.003 0.008 3.14 0.99 0.90 1.10
NAKT-2 0.02 0.09 1.05 0.003 0.008 3.20 0.95 1.01 1.02 Pb 0.15
Table l-continued Signs of Compositions of Steels (71) Steels C Si Mn P S Ni Al Cu Ti Others N28 0.01 0.11 1.10 0.005 0.102 3.10 0.98 0.97 1.02 N29 0.01 0.13 1.25 0.016 0.010 3.25 0.95 1.10 1.12 Mo 0.25. V 0.1 NAKT-3 0.01 0.11 1.10 0.005 0.102 3.10 0.98 0.97 1.02 Cr 0.87 N31 0.008 0.16 1.45 0.010 0.095 3.35 1.11 0.98 1.13 V 0.10 N32 0.01 0.13 1.15 0.017 0.084 3.10 1.05 0.97 1.03 V 0.10. Cr: 0.56 F 0.05 0.07 1.22 0.003 0.009 3.08 1.02 0.87 1.10 G or NAK-l 0.03 0.41 1.53 0.004 0.010 3.27 1.20 1.05 H 0.08 0.06 1.70 0.003 0.024 3.14 1.02 0.003 1.06 1 0.07 0.14 0.74 0.003 0.009 3.22 1.01 1.00 .1 0.09 0.14 0.50 0.003 0.010 3.22 0.91 1.01 K 0.05 0.06 1.64 0.005 0.008 3.13 1.16 0.05 L 0.09 0.08 1.50 0.003 0.007 0.06 0.002 0.98
It should be noted from Table 1 that the steels M, N, A and G are the same as the steels NA-l, NAT-l, NAKT-l and NAK-l respectively. Also it should be noted from Table 1 that the steels M (or NA-l NA-2, D, E, NAK-2, NAK-3, N(or NAT-1), NAT-2, A(or NAKT-l), B, C, NAKT-2, N28 and NAKT-3 are the cold workable and age-hardenable steels of this invention and the steels F, G (or NAK-l H, l, J, K and L are the comparative steels. Still further, it should be noted that the steels M and NA-2 are the cold workable and age-hardenable Ni-Al type steels; the steels D, E, NAK-2 and NAK-3 are the cold workable and age-hardenable Ni-Al-Cu type steels; and steels N(or NAT-1) and NAT-2 are the cold workable and age-hardenable Ni-Al-Ti type steels; and the steels A(or NAKT-l B,
C, NAKT-Z, N28 and NAKT-3 are the cold workable and age-hardenable Ni-Al-Cu-Ti type steels of this invention.
Test samples of the steels as shown in Table l were subjected to the solution treatment at 900C for minutes, followed by cooling them in oil and then the treated test samples were tested for 180 tight-bending and machinability. Further, the treated test samples were age-treated at 525C for 5 hours. The cold workability of the steels which were subjected to the solution treatment was determined by observing the presence or the absence of cracks on the bent part of each of the test samples after they were tested for 180 tightbending in the direction along the rolling of the steels. The test results are give in Table 2.
Table 2 Signs of Total sum Solution 180 Life of Age- Tensile Steels of Ni, A1 treated tightcutting hardness strength 1 Cu, Ti (7:) hardness bending tool (in (Vickers) after age- (Vickers) minutes) treated (kg/mm") M or NA-l 4.90 188 good 207 355 118.0 N2 4.73 189 good 356 119.5 N3 4.76 190 good 203 359 120.0 NA-2 4.86 179 good 283 360 125.0 NS 4.47 193 good 185 371 121.0 N6 4.49 188 good 357 119.0 N7 4.73 191 good 265 356 115.3 N8 4.65 192 good 253 361 120.1 N9 5.28 190 good 363 121.0 D 5.02 195 good 366 122.0 E 5.34 230 good 350 118.3 N11 5.51 197 good 351 117.0 NAK-Z 5.41 195 good 275 380 127.3 N13 5.07 209 good 395 131.7 N14 5.20 206 good 394 131.3 N15 5.25 201 good 385 128.0 NAK-3 5.50 225 good 258 445 148.7 N or NAT-l 5.81 205 good 141 420 140.0 N18 5.82 210 good 415 138.5 N19 5.53 220 good 425 140.1 N20 5.58 207 good 410 136.8 N21 6.07 225 good 441 147.0 N22 5.82 218 good 430 143.0 NAT-2 5.68 215 good 237 451 154.1 N24 5.22 235 good 455 151.8 A or NAKT-l 6.13 good 180 450 155.3 B 5.97 good 490 160.2 C 5.95 175 good 460 153.0 N26 6.52 good 467 155.5 N27 6.24 179 good 441 147.0 NAKT-Z 6.18 178 good 270 451 155.7 N28 6.07 175 good 260 455 150.1 N29 6.42 182 good 445 148.5 NAKT-3 6.07 175 good 260 455 151.0 N31 6.57 184 good 460 153.0 N32 6.15 good 475 155.0 F 6.07 180 bad 480 G or NAK-l 5.52 200 bad 360 H 5.22 175 bad 325 1 5.23 230 bad 360 1 5.14 335 had 365 K 4.34 175 good 230 L 1.04 150 good 180 solution treated hardness of the steels decreases but the 10 steels are required to have a very low solution treated hardness for securing the reliable 180 tight-bending.
In accordance with this invention, the total sum of the age-hardenability improving alloying metals (Ni,
Al, Cu and Ti) must be kept at the 4.7 weight percentages or more for securing the age-hardness equivalent to or of above 300 Vickers hardness of the cold workable and age-hardenable steel and therefore the solution treated hardness of such a cold workable and agehardenable steel can not unlimitedly be reduced by decreasing the total amount of the age-hardenability improving alloying metals. Also the solution treated hardness of the cold workable and age-hardenable steel of this invention is required to be kept at 175 Vickers hardness or more for securing the age-hardness of above 300 Vickers hardness. Within the range of such a Vickers hardness, the solution treated hardness is not co-related to the180 tight-bending as shown in Table 2 Referring to FIG. 1, it shows the relationship between the 180 tight-bending of the test samples and the amounts of carbon and manganese contained in the test samples.
Referring to FIG. 2, it shows the hardness distribution depending on the depth measured from the surface of the test sample.
Referring to FIG. 3, it shows four curves 1, 2, 3 and 4 indicating the relationship between the hardness and the depth measured from the surface of the test samples.
In the FIG. 1, the white marked points indicate that the 180 tight-bending of the test samples is good and also the black marked points indicate that the 180 tight-bending of the test samples is bad. It is obvious from the FIG. 1 that the 180 tight-bending of the cold workable and age-hardenable steels of this invention is strongly co-related to the amounts of carbon and manganese contained in such steels and also that it is possible to secure the 180 tight-bending of such steels when they contain less than 0.08 weight of carbon and less than 1.8 weight of manganese.
It was also recognized that the use of a suitable amount of the machinability improving alloying metals can improve remarkedly the life of the cutting tools without affecting the 180 tight-bending and the agehardness of the cold workable and age-hardenable steels of this invention. Still further, it was recognized that the use of a suitable amount of the ductility and temperability improving alloying metals and the alloying metals for improving the fineness of the crystalline particles can improve the strength of the cold workable and age-hardenable steels of this invention without affecting the 180 tight-bending, the age-hardness and the machinability of such steels.
In the FIG. 2, the test results are shown after the steel A(or NAKT-l) was treated with a liquid nitriding agent, which is sold under the trade name of NI-I-3 by Nisshin Kagaku Kaisha, at 520C for 2 hours.
In the FIG. 3, the curve 1 shows the test results after the steel A(or NAKT-l) was treated at 570C for minutes by using a tufftriding method. The Curves 2 and 3 show the test results after the steel A(or NAKT- l was treated at 570C for 60 minutes and 30 minutes respectively by using the tufftriding method. Also the curve 4 shows the test results after the steel G(or NAK- l) was treated at 570C for 180 minutes by using the tufftriding method.
As you can see from the foregoing, it is the critical essential features of the cold workable and age-hardenable steel of this invention to contain less than 0.08 weight of carbon and less than 1.8 weight of manganese and to fall within the area as indicated in the FIG. 1. Also, it is the critical essential features of the cold workable and age-hardenable steel of this invention to contain the age-hardenability improving alloying metals in combination of Ni and Al or Ni, Al and Cu or Ni, Al and Ti or Ni, Al, Cu and Ti in which Ni is more than 2.5 weight Al is more than 0.6 weight Cu is more than 0.5 weight and Ti is more than 0.5 weight T, and the total amount of the age-hardenability improving alloying metals is in the range of from 4.5 to 6.5 weight percentages.
Also the steel A(or NAKT-l) was tested for the 1 80 tight-bending by using various kinds of the solution treatments and the inventors have found that the solution treatments have no effect on the 180 tight bending of the steel A. The test results are given in Table 3.
they are fallen within the area enclosed by the line connecting the points P, Q and R to the point S, and
Further the steel A(or NAKT-l) was cut into test samples having the size of 1 mm thickness X 30 mm Width X mm length and the test samples were bent 9 by the angle of 90 and then the variation of angle was observed after they were age-treated. It was found that the test samples had a little strain resulted by the thermal treatments. The test results are given in Table 4.
10 neseand said point S indicating zero weight of carbon and zero weight of manganese, and further consisting of as machinability improving alloying metals, at least one element selected from the group consisting of The test results are compared with much strain of the 5 an effective amount up to 0.3 weight of sulphur, an commercial tempered and annealed steels without effective amount up to 0.4 weight of lead, an-effecshowing the data after they were thermally treated. tive amount up to 0.5 weight of selenium, an effec- Table 4 Bending radiuses (millimeters) Age-treated 0.5 l ,0 l .5
at I. T L T L T L T 500C for -0.o2 0.15 0.08 0.1 1 0.06 0.o4
5 hours 540C for 0.04 0.02 0.04 0,04 0.04 0.01
5 hours 580C for 0.04 ().08 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.02
5 hours Note:
The sign L indicates that the test samples were bent in the direction along the rolling of the steel A. The sign T indicates that the test samples were bent in the direction perpendicular to the rolling of the steel A.
It is obvious from the foregoing that the cold workable and age-hardenable steels of this invention have been developed for obtaining the materials, which are easily workable by pressing, extruding, deep drawing, heading or cutting by applying the cold workability to the steels under the conditions of the solution treatment, having the age-hardness of above 300 Vickers hardness and the improved machinability after the materials were age-treated. In order to achieve the intended purpose, the specified amount of Ni and Al or Ni, Al and Cu or Ni, Al and Ti or Ni, Al, Cu and Ti is added to the steels as the age-hardenability improving alloying metals and also the contents of carbon and manganese are defined as mentioned above for securing the cold workability of the materials. Still further, the ductility and temperability of the materials, the fineness of the crystalline particles of the materials and the machinability of the materials are improved by incorporating the specified amount of chromium, m0- lybdenum, tungsten, cobalt, beryllium and boron as the ductility and temperability improving alloying metals; the specified amount of niobium, tantalum, vanadium and zirconium as the fineness improving alloying metals; and the specified amount of sulphur, lead, selenium, tellurium and bismuth as the machinability improving alloying metals with the materials. Thus, it is easily understood that the cold workable and age-hardenable steels of this invention can widely be used as the structural steels having high machinability and less thermal strain and they are practically useful steels.
What we claim is that:
1. A cold workable and age-hardenable steel, characterized in that it consists essentially of the weight percentages of carbon and manganese within the area enclosed by the line connecting points P, Q and R to the point S as shown in the accompanying FIG. 1; an effective amount up to 0.6 weight of silicon, and, as age-hardenability improving alloying metals, more than 2.5 weight of nickel, more than 0.6 weight of aluminum, more than 0.5 weight of copper and more than 0.5 weight of titanium, the total amount of nickel, aluminum, copper and titanium being in the range of from 4.5 to 6.5 weight said point P indicating zero weight of carbon and 1.8 weight of manganese, said point Q indicating 0.08 weight of carbon and 0.5 weight of manganese, said point R indicating 0.08 weight of carbon and zero weight of mangative amount up to 0.3 weight. of tellurium and an effective amount up to 0.3 weight of bismuth.
2. A cold workable and age-hardenable steel, characterized in that it consists essentially of the weight percentages of carbon and manganese within the area enclosed by the line connecting points P, Q and R to the point S as shown in the accompanying FIG. 1; an
effective amount up to 0.6 weight of silicon, and, as
age-hardenability improving alloying metals, more than 2.5 weight of nickel, more than 0.6 weight of aluminum, more than 0.5 weight of copper and more than 0.5 weight of titanium, the total amount of nickel, aluminum, copper and titanium being in the range of from 4.5 to 6.5 weight said point P indicating zero weight of carbon and 1.8 weight of manganese, said point Q indicating 0.08 weight of carbon and 0.5 weight of manganese, said point R indicating 0.08 weight of carbon and zero weight of manganese and said point S indicating zero weight of carbon and zero weight of manganese, and further consisting of, as ductility and temperability improving alloying metals, at least one element selected from the group consisting of an effective amount up to 2.5 weight of chromium, an effective amount up to 0.5 weight of molybdenum, an effective amount up to 0.5 weight of tungsten, an effective amount up to 0.5 weight of cobalt, an effective amount up to 0.5 weight of beryllium and an effective amount up to 0.01 weight of boron, and. as alloying metals for improving the fineness of the crystalline particles of said steel, at least one element selected from the group consisting of an effective amount up to 0.3 weight of the total amount of niobium and tantalum, an effective amount up to 0.5 weight of vanadium and an effective amount up to 0.5 weight of zirconium.
3. A cold workable and age-hardenable steel, characterized in that it consists essentially of the weight percentages of carbon and manganese within the area enclosed by the line connecting points P, Q and R to the point S as shown in the accompanying FIG. 1; an effective amount up to 0.6 weight of silicon, and, as age-hardenability improving alloying metals, more than 2.5 weight of nickel, more than 0.6 weight of aluminum, more than 0.5 weight of copper and more than 0.5 weight of titanium, the total amount of nickel, aluminum, copper and titanium being in the range of from 4.5 to 6.5 weight said point P indicat ing zero weight of carbon and 1.8 weight of manganese, said point Q indicating 0.08 weight of carbon and 0.5 weight of manganese, said point R indicating 0.08 weight of carbon and zero weight of manganese and said point S indicating zero weight of carbon and zero weight of manganese, and further consisting of, as ductility and temperability improving alloying metals, at least one element selected from the group consisting of an effective amount up to 2.5 weight of chromium, an effective amount up to 0.5 weight of molybdenum, an effective amount up to 0.5 weight of tungsten, an effective amount up to 0.5 weight of cobalt, an effective amount up to 0.5 weight of beryllium, an effective amount up to 0.01 weight of boron, and as machinability improving alloying metals, at least one element selected from the group consisting of an effective amount up to 0.3 weight of sulphur, an effective amount up to 0.4 weight of lead, an effective amount up to 0.5 weight of selenium, an effective amount up to 0.3 weight of tellurium and an effective amount up to 0.3 weight of bismuth.
4. A cold workable and age-hardenable steel, characterized in that it consists essentially of the weight percentages of carbon and manganese within the area enclosed by the line connecting points P, Q and R to the point S as shown in the accompanying FIG. 1; an effective amount up to 0.6 weight of silicon, and, as age-hardenability improving alloying metals, more than 2.5 weight of nickel, more than 0.6 weight of aluminum, more than 0.5 weight of copper and more than 0.5 weight of titanium, the total amount of nickel, aluminum, copper and titanium being in the range of from 4.5 to 6.5 weight said point P indicating zero weight of carbon and 1.8 weight of manganese, said point Q indicating 0.08 weight of carbon and 0.5 weight of manganese, said point R indicating 0.08 weight of carbon and zero weight of manganese and said point S indicating zero weight of carbon and zero weight of manganese, and further consisting of, as machinability improving alloying metals, at least one element selected from the group consisting of an effective amount up to 0.3 weight of sulphur, an effective amount up to 0.4 weight of lead, an effective amount up to 0.5 weight of selenium, an effective amount up to 0.3 weight of tellurium and an effective amount up to 0.3 weight of bismuth, and as alloying metals for improving the fineness of the crys- 12 talline particles of said steel, at least one element selected from the group consisting of an effective amount up to 0.5 weight of the total amount of niobium and tantalum, an effective amount up to 0.5 weight of vanadium and an effective amount up to 0.5 weight of zirconium.
5. A cold workable and age-hardenable steel, characterized in that it consists essentially of the weight percentages of carbon and manganese within the area enclosed by the line connecting points P, Q and R to the point S as shown in the accompanying FIG. 1; an effective amount up to 0.6 weight of silicon, and, as age-hardenability improving alloying metals, more than 2.5 weight of nickel, more than 0.6 weight of aluminum, more than 0.5 weight of copper and more than 0.5 weight of titanium, the total amount of nickel, aluminum, copper and titanium beingin the range of from 4.5 to 6.5 weight said point P indicating zero weight of carbon and 1.8 weight of manganese, said point Q indicating 0.08 weight of carbon and 0.5 weight of manganese, said point R indicating 0.08 weight of carbon and zero weight of manganese and said point S indicating zero weight of carbon and zero weight of manganese, and further consisting of, as alloying metals for improving the fineness of the crystalline particles of said steel, at least one element selected from the group consisting of an effective amount up to 0.5 weight of the total amount of niobium and tantalum, an effective amount up to 0.5 weight of vanadium and an effective amount up to 0.5 weight of zirconium, and, as ductility and temperability improving alloying metals, at least one element selected from the group consisting of an effective amount up to 2.5 weight of chromium, an effective amount up to 0.5 weight of molybdenum, an effective amount up to 0.5 weight of tungsten, an effective amount up to 0.5 weight of cobalt, an effective amount up to 0.5 weight of beryllium and an efiective amount up to 0.01 weight of boron, and further consisting of, as machinability improving alloying metals, at least one element selected from the group consisting of an effective amount up to 0.3 weight of sulphur, an effective amount up to 0.4 weight of lead, an effective amount up to 0.5 weight of selenium, an effective amount up to 0.3 weight of tellurium and an effective amount up to 0.3 weight of bismuth.
Claims (5)
1. A COLD WORKABLE AND AGE-HARDENABLE STEEL, CHARACTERIZED IN THAT IT CONSITS ESSENTIALLY OF THE WEIGHT PERCENTAGES OF CARBON AND MANGANESE WITHIN THE AREA ENCLOSED BY THE LINE CONNECTING POINTS P,Q AND R TO THE POINT S AS SHOWN IN THE ACCOMPANYING FIG. 1; AND EFFECTIVE AMOUNT UP TO 0.6 WEIGHT % OF SILICON, AND, AS AGE-HARDENABILITY IMPROVING ALLOYING METALS, MORE THAN 2.5 WEIGHT % OF NICKEL, MORE THAN 0.6 WEIGHT % OF ALUMINUM, MORE THAN 0.5 WEIGHT % OF COPPER AND MORE THAN0.5 WEIGHT % OF TITANIUM, THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF NICKEL, ALUMINUM, COPPER AND TITANIUM BEING IN THE RANGE OF FROM 4.5 TO 6.5 WEIGHT %, SAID POINT P INDICATING ZERO WEIGHT % OF CARBON AND 1.8 WEIGHT % OF MANGANESE, SAID POINT Q INDICATING 0.08 WEIGHT % OF CARBON AND 0.5 WEIGHT % OF MANGANESE, SAID POINT R INDICATING 0.08 WEIGHT % OF CARBON AND ZERO WEIGHT % OF MANGANESE AND SAID POINT S INDICATING ZERO WEIGHT % OF CARBON AND ZERO WEIGHT % OF MANGANESE, AND FURTHER CONSISTING OF AS MACHINABILITY IMPROVING ALLOYING METALS, AT LEAST ONE ELEMENT SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF AN EFFECTIVE AMOUNT UP TO 0.3 WEIGHT % OF SULPHUR, AN EFFECTIVE AMOUNT UP TO 0.4 WEIGHT % OF LEAD, AN EFFECTIVE AMOUNT UP TO 0.5 WEIGHT % OF SELENIUM, AN EFFECTIVE AMOUNT UP TO 0.3 WEIGHT % OF
2. A cold workable and age-hardenable steel, characterized in that it consists essentially of the weight percentages of carbon and manganese within the area enclosed by the line connecting points P, Q and R to the point S as shown in the accompanying FIG. 1; an effective amount up to 0.6 weight % of silicon, and, as age-hardenability improving alloying metals, more thaN 2.5 weight % of nickel, more than 0.6 weight % of aluminum, more than 0.5 weight % of copper and more than 0.5 weight % of titanium, the total amount of nickel, aluminum, copper and titanium being in the range of from 4.5 to 6.5 weight %, said point P indicating zero weight % of carbon and 1.8 weight % of manganese, said point Q indicating 0.08 weight % of carbon and 0.5 weight % of manganese, said point R indicating 0.08 weight % of carbon and zero weight % of manganese and said point S indicating zero weight % of carbon and zero weight % of manganese, and further consisting of, as ductility and temperability improving alloying metals, at least one element selected from the group consisting of an effective amount up to 2.5 weight % of chromium, an effective amount up to 0.5 weight % of molybdenum, an effective amount up to 0.5 weight % of tungsten, an effective amount up to 0.5 weight % of cobalt, an effective amount up to 0.5 weight % of beryllium and an effective amount up to 0.01 weight % of boron, and as alloying metals for improving the fineness of the crystalline particles of said steel, at least one element selected from the group consisting of an effective amount up to 0.3 weight % of the total amount of niobium and tantalum, an effective amount up to 0.5 weight % of vanadium and an effective amount up to 0.5 weight % of zirconium.
3. A cold workable and age-hardenable steel, characterized in that it consists essentially of the weight percentages of carbon and manganese within the area enclosed by the line connecting points P, Q and R to the point S as shown in the accompanying FIG. 1; an effective amount up to 0.6 weight % of silicon, and, as age-hardenability improving alloying metals, more than 2.5 weight % of nickel, more than 0.6 weight % of aluminum, more than 0.5 weight % of copper and more than 0.5 weight % of titanium, the total amount of nickel, aluminum, copper and titanium being in the range of from 4.5 to 6.5 weight %, said point P indicating zero weight % of carbon and 1.8 weight % of manganese, said point Q indicating 0.08 weight % of carbon and 0.5 weight % of manganese, said point R indicating 0.08 weight % of carbon and zero weight % of manganese and said point S indicating zero weight % of carbon and zero weight % of manganese, and further consisting of, as ductility and temperability improving alloying metals, at least one element selected from the group consisting of an effective amount up to 2.5 weight % of chromium, an effective amount up to 0.5 weight % of molybdenum, an effective amount up to 0.5 weight % of tungsten, an effective amount up to 0.5 weight % of cobalt, an effective amount up to 0.5 weight % of beryllium, an effective amount up to 0.01 weight % of boron, and as machinability improving alloying metals, at least one element selected from the group consisting of an effective amount up to 0.3 weight % of sulphur, an effective amount up to 0.4 weight % of lead, an effective amount up to 0.5 weight % of selenium, an effective amount up to 0.3 weight % of tellurium and an effective amount up to 0.3 weight % of bismuth.
4. A cold workable and age-hardenable steel, characterized in that it consists essentially of the weight percentages of carbon and manganese within the area enclosed by the line connecting points P, Q and R to the point S as shown in the accompanying FIG. 1; an effective amount up to 0.6 weight % of silicon, and, as age-hardenability improving alloying metals, more than 2.5 weight % of nickel, more than 0.6 weight % of aluminum, more than 0.5 weight % of copper and more than 0.5 weight % of titanium, the total amount of nickel, aluminum, copper and titanium being in the range of from 4.5 to 6.5 weight %, Said point P indicating zero weight % of carbon and 1.8 weight % of manganese, said point Q indicating 0.08 weight % of carbon and 0.5 weight % of manganese, said point R indicating 0.08 weight % of carbon and zero weight % of manganese and said point S indicating zero weight % of carbon and zero weight % of manganese, and further consisting of, as machinability improving alloying metals, at least one element selected from the group consisting of an effective amount up to 0.3 weight % of sulphur, an effective amount up to 0.4 weight % of lead, an effective amount up to 0.5 weight % of selenium, an effective amount up to 0.3 weight % of tellurium and an effective amount up to 0.3 weight % of bismuth, and as alloying metals for improving the fineness of the crystalline particles of said steel, at least one element selected from the group consisting of an effective amount up to 0.5 weight % of the total amount of niobium and tantalum, an effective amount up to 0.5 weight % of vanadium and an effective amount up to 0.5 weight % of zirconium.
5. A cold workable and age-hardenable steel, characterized in that it consists essentially of the weight percentages of carbon and manganese within the area enclosed by the line connecting points P, Q and R to the point S as shown in the accompanying FIG. 1; an effective amount up to 0.6 weight % of silicon, and, as age-hardenability improving alloying metals, more than 2.5 weight % of nickel, more than 0.6 weight % of aluminum, more than 0.5 weight % of copper and more than 0.5 weight % of titanium, the total amount of nickel, aluminum, copper and titanium being in the range of from 4.5 to 6.5 weight %, said point P indicating zero weight % of carbon and 1.8 weight % of manganese, said point Q indicating 0.08 weight % of carbon and 0.5 weight % of manganese, said point R indicating 0.08 weight % of carbon and zero weight % of manganese and said point S indicating zero weight % of carbon and zero weight % of manganese, and further consisting of, as alloying metals for improving the fineness of the crystalline particles of said steel, at least one element selected from the group consisting of an effective amount up to 0.5 weight % of the total amount of niobium and tantalum, an effective amount up to 0.5 weight % of vanadium and an effective amount up to 0.5 weight % of zirconium, and, as ductility and temperability improving alloying metals, at least one element selected from the group consisting of an effective amount up to 2.5 weight % of chromium, an effective amount up to 0.5 weight % of molybdenum, an effective amount up to 0.5 weight % of tungsten, an effective amount up to 0.5 weight % of cobalt, an effective amount up to 0.5 weight % of beryllium and an effective amount up to 0.01 weight % of boron, and further consisting of, as machinability improving alloying metals, at least one element selected from the group consisting of an effective amount up to 0.3 weight % of sulphur, an effective amount up to 0.4 weight % of lead, an effective amount up to 0.5 weight % of selenium, an effective amount up to 0.3 weight % of tellurium and an effective amount up to 0.3 weight % of bismuth.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US466512A US3926621A (en) | 1970-10-19 | 1974-05-02 | Cold workable and age-hardenable steel |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9115070 | 1970-10-19 | ||
| US00187825A US3856514A (en) | 1970-10-19 | 1971-10-08 | Cold workable and age-hardenable steel |
| US466512A US3926621A (en) | 1970-10-19 | 1974-05-02 | Cold workable and age-hardenable steel |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3926621A true US3926621A (en) | 1975-12-16 |
Family
ID=27306664
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US466512A Expired - Lifetime US3926621A (en) | 1970-10-19 | 1974-05-02 | Cold workable and age-hardenable steel |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3926621A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4279647A (en) * | 1979-06-18 | 1981-07-21 | Henrik Giflo | Construction steel exhibiting high fatigue strength |
| EP0792944A1 (en) * | 1996-03-01 | 1997-09-03 | CREUSOT LOIRE INDUSTRIE (Société Anonyme) | Steel, suitable for manufacture of injection molds for plastics |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2770563A (en) * | 1953-03-07 | 1956-11-13 | Acieries De Pompey | Low alloy steel tubing |
| US2797162A (en) * | 1954-07-19 | 1957-06-25 | Union Carbide & Carbon Corp | Low alloy steel for sub-zero temperature application |
| US3365343A (en) * | 1967-04-04 | 1968-01-23 | Crucible Steel Co America | Low carbon formable and ageable alloy steels |
| US3376780A (en) * | 1966-09-19 | 1968-04-09 | Armco Steel Corp | Stainless steel, products and method |
-
1974
- 1974-05-02 US US466512A patent/US3926621A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2770563A (en) * | 1953-03-07 | 1956-11-13 | Acieries De Pompey | Low alloy steel tubing |
| US2797162A (en) * | 1954-07-19 | 1957-06-25 | Union Carbide & Carbon Corp | Low alloy steel for sub-zero temperature application |
| US3376780A (en) * | 1966-09-19 | 1968-04-09 | Armco Steel Corp | Stainless steel, products and method |
| US3365343A (en) * | 1967-04-04 | 1968-01-23 | Crucible Steel Co America | Low carbon formable and ageable alloy steels |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4279647A (en) * | 1979-06-18 | 1981-07-21 | Henrik Giflo | Construction steel exhibiting high fatigue strength |
| EP0792944A1 (en) * | 1996-03-01 | 1997-09-03 | CREUSOT LOIRE INDUSTRIE (Société Anonyme) | Steel, suitable for manufacture of injection molds for plastics |
| FR2745587A1 (en) * | 1996-03-01 | 1997-09-05 | Creusot Loire | STEEL USED IN PARTICULAR FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF MOLDS FOR INJECTION OF PLASTIC MATERIAL |
| US5785924A (en) * | 1996-03-01 | 1998-07-28 | Creusot Loire Industrie | Steel useful for the manufacture of molds for the injection molding of plastic |
| CN1070241C (en) * | 1996-03-01 | 2001-08-29 | 克罗索·洛利工业责任有限公司 | Steel usable especially for manufacture of moulds for injection moulding of plastic |
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