DE1526308A1 - Injection piston air-compressing internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Description

KLOCKNER-HUMBOLDT-DEtITZ AG · COLOGNE K Ö 1 Π, August 12, 1966

.TP Moe / Si D 66/68

1526303

Air-compressing injection pumice piston engine

The invention "relates to a single-injector air-compressing combustor basket machine in which the fuel is poured into a cylindrical Combustion chamber is injected, the length of which is approximately equal to its diameter and-which opens into the cylinder chamber, wherein the combustion air in the combustion chamber at the time of injection - Performs a circular movement around the axis of the combustion chamber and fuel is strongly atomized perpendicularly or approximately perpendicularly to the swirl levels of the air circulating in the combustion chamber on the one hand. at a considerable distance from the longitudinal axis of the combustion chamber and on the other hand is still injected at such a distance from the combustion chamber wall that mixing of the fuel is immediate with the circulating air is guaranteed.

Internal combustion engines of this type show in terms of smoothness and good utilization of the fuel as a result of the good interaction between the latter and that circulating in the combustion chamber Air behaves quite well, but in practice the use of a single injection jet has the following Basically not completely satisfied. Since the fuel must be introduced within a certain short period of time and the pressure in front of the injection nozzle must not exceed a certain value for reasons of operational safety, there is a relative for the spray hole of the injection nozzle

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large diameter. The power of fuel from such a nozzle, however, is so great that the air velocity across the injection jet is selected to be very high, i.e. the rotation of the combustion air in the combustion chamber must be very powerful if a penetration of Fuel should be avoided up to the combustion chamber floor. This compulsion, with high air velocity in the combustion chamber work is undesirable in several ways. Once is the generation of a stronger vortex around the cylinder axis during intake is associated with higher inflow losses, as a result of which the filling of the cylinder and also the achievable performance are impaired. On the other hand, there are higher air velocities a stronger heat transfer in the combustion chamber to the combustion chamber wall in the piston and to the cylinder head base, which can lead to impermissible overheating of these parts.

In doing this with the use of a single fuel spray les associated disadvantages to avoid is that of the invention to see underlying task. It is solved in accordance with the invention by a multi-jet injection in such a way that the jets enclose angles with one another that are so small that the amount intended for the total amount of fuel to be injected General direction is retained on average. The use of two closely spaced fuel jets, for example In a directed air flow, there has been a prejudice in the professional world up to now. It was believed that

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the jets would be blown into one another and, in particular, an injection jet located approximately upstream of the air flow would , so to speak, shield the jet located downstream of the air flow, so that in the latter there would be a lack of air, which in turn would lead to the formation of soot. Such phenomena are not observed in the internal combustion engine according to the invention. In the machine according to the invention, the cross section of the original single jet can be divided into two or more injection holes of the same or different diameter, which results in small injection hole diameters and thus better atomization and reduced penetration for each jet. As a result, it is now possible to considerably reduce the speed of the air flow across the jets. As a result of the significantly improved atomization, the individual injection jets in the cross-flow form a rapidly evaporating common veil of droplets, which is distributed over the circumference of the combustion chamber by the circulating air. As a result of this rapid and intensive processing, a (Jemischring on the periphery of the combustion chamber: ej. The number of fuel jets will be determined from case to case essentially by the situation in which a reduction in the air speed in the combustion chamber was applied before int.

In a further embodiment of the invention, it is proposed to inject in such a way that.3 the whorl, which two rays enclose with each other or at least one of the ', Υΐηκβΐ, the uai more aiö jwei rays two of them together eincr.Mejen, in -m- * rf ^ y $ 3 O ⁱ / ^> t) ^j 2 ^? 2 ^{cien 7ert)} renn ^ ngslii * ':: / er

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current level lies. In this way, the air flow in the combustion chamber _{# is presented with} a wider attack surface for the preparation.

The ignitability of the internal combustion engine according to the invention can be increased by an ignition aid in the form of a glow plug or spark plug, this ignition aid, however, according to the invention in the direction of the combustion chamber in order to avoid a disturbance of the flow of the air or the fuel-air mixture in the outer zone of the combustion chamber seen piston head, an ignition aid is arranged such within the scope of the combustion chamber, that the hot-point or the spark gap is located just behind the nozzle of the injection valve in the injection direction just on or in the jet casing of a fuel jet or on or in the jet overcoats more of the fuel jets. As a result of the good atomization, fuel droplets or an already ignitable mixture will always get into the area of the hot spot of the ignition aid. Two ways to increase the safety level for this ignition process are to arrange the hot spot or the spark gap of the ignition aid, as seen in the direction of flow of the circulating air, directly behind the fuel injection valve and / or one aimed directly at the hot spot or the spark gap provide a special fuel jet.

If a glow plug is provided as an ignition aid, it may be advisable in many cases to use this in a manner known per se. with a special, the release of heat to the surrounding ·

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Surrounding parts of the masohine mitigating mantle.

'As mentioned at the beginning, is responsible for the quality of the combustion Internal combustion engines of the type in question of the utmost importance that as little as possible of the fuel up to to the bottom of the combustion chamber breaks through, a condition that occurs in the known machines in which the cylindrical combustion chamber is coaxial to the cylinder axis in the cylinder head or in the piston, is not fulfilled. The multi-jet according to the invention Injection, with its stronger atomization, does remedy this to a satisfactory extent, but it can be done an even more comprehensive treatment in a further development of the invention by extending the fuel jets Achieve available distance in such a way that while maintaining the combustion chamber volume, the longitudinal axis of the Combustion chamber viewed perpendicularly to the plane that it connects to from the nozzle orifice of the fuel injection valve has the twist planes of the combustion air circulating in the combustion chamber in common, at an acute angle runs so inclined to the cylinder longitudinal axis that the fuel

rays are directed along the longest wall section.

In the drawing, an embodiment of the invention is with two-jet injection shown for example.

Fig. 1 shows a partial component through the piston and the associated one Cylinder head of an internal combustion engine according to the invention,

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Fig. 2 shows the piston in section along the line II-II in Fig. 1.

In the figures, the "!" Arranged in the piston are cylindrical Combustion chamber with 2, the fuel injection valve with 3, the Cylinder head with 4 and an ignition aid, denoted by 5 in the form of a glow plug. During the intake stroke, the Combustion air so into the combustion chamber 2 that it is at the point of injection in this executes a circular movement, indicated by an arrow, about the longitudinal axis y-y of the combustion chamber.

The combustion chamber 2 itself is inclined to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder 3 xx in such a way that its longitudinal axis yy, viewed perpendicularly to the plane which it has in common with a perpendicular falling from the nozzle opening of the fuel injection valve 3 to the swirl planes of the air circulating in the combustion chamber, is pointed below Angle oC is inclined to the cylinder longitudinal axis xx. This misalignment has the advantage over the arrangement coaxially to the cylinder longitudinal axis that for the fuel, which is strongly atomized in two jets 6 and 7, in principle

ψ is injected approximately perpendicular to the swirl planes of the combustion air on the one hand at a considerable distance from the longitudinal axis yy of the combustion chamber and on the other hand at such a distance from the combustion chamber wall that the fuel is directly mixed with the circulating combustion air, compared to the coaxial arrangement With the combustion chamber diameter kept constant, a greater spray length is available along the wall section 9, which has become longer at the expense of the wall section a, 8. The misalignment of the

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Combustion chamber a in connection with multi-jet injection of the fuel provides a reliable guarantee that the injected fuel has been processed as completely as possible is subjected in the transversely flowing air. The two Fuel jets 6 and 7 are very closely spaced so that jet 6 is parallel to a line passing through the orifice of the solution towards the combustion chamber axis y-y both towards the combustion chamber wall and

as Fig. 2 clearly shows, against the direction of the circling. Air deviates somewhat, whereas jet 7 differs somewhat from this parallel towards the center of the combustion chamber and, see again Fig. 2, in Direction of the circulating air »In this way it is ensured that only processing in the cross-flow Air takes place and this is made even more comprehensive in that the fuel of the circulating combustion air a presents a broader front than if the two rays 6 and 7 were only exactly in the direction of the circling air from the said Parallels diverged. As Fig. 1 shows, the glow plug 5 extends somewhat out of the cylinder head 4 and in the area the combustion chamber opening so close to the fuel jets 6 and 7 radially from the inside to the outside that on the one hand a Ignition of the processed marginal rays on the candle is guaranteed with security and also the formation of the rotating air column in the combustion chamber is not disturbed. Inside the cylinder head 1, the glow plug 5 is the discharge line surrounded by a jacket 10 which greatly reduces heat towards the cylinder head.

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Claims (7)

12. 8. 1966 D 66/68 patent claims 1. Air-compressing injection internal combustion piston machine, at which injects the fuel into a cylindrical combustion chamber whose length is roughly equal to its diameter and which opens into the cylinder chamber, with the combustion air in the combustion chamber executes a circular movement around the axis of the combustion chamber at the time of injection and strongly atomizes fuel perpendicular or approximately perpendicular to the spiral planes of the air circulating in the combustion chamber, on the one hand, at a considerable distance from the Longitudinal axis of the combustion chamber and, on the other hand, still at such a distance is injected from the combustion chamber wall that a mixing of the fuel directly with the circulating air is guaranteed, characterized by a multi-jet injection such that the jets (6,7) are so small Include angles with each other that the general direction provided for the total amount of fuel to be injected is maintained on average. 2. Air-compressing injection internal combustion engine according to Claim 1, characterized in that the angle which two rays enclose with one another or at least one of the ' Angle that two of them enclose with more than two jets, in one that is perpendicular to the circulating combustion air running plane. _ 2 009830/0222 BAD ORIGINAL fm August 12, 1966 Q 'D 66/68' 3. Air-compressing injection internal combustion engine according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that - in the direction Seen on the piston crown, an ignition aid (5) is arranged within the circumference of the combustion chamber in such a way that its hot point or Spark gap just behind the nozzle of the injection valve (3) in the direction of injection straight on or in the jacket of a fuel jet or lies on or in the jet jackets of several fuel jets. 4. Luftverdiohtende injection internal combustion engine according to Claim 31 characterized in that the hot point or the spark gap of the ignition aid (5), in the direction of flow of the circulating air, is located immediately behind the fuel injection valve (3). 5. Air-compressing injection internal combustion engine according to Claim 3 or 4, characterized by a special, directly on the hot spot or the spark gap of the ignition aid (5) directional fuel jet. 6. Air-compressing injection internal combustion engine according to One of Claims 3 to 5, characterized in that a glow plug (5) is provided as an ignition aid and this in itself as is known, has a special jacket (10) which reduces the release of heat to the surrounding parts of the machine. 009830/0222 BAD ORIG ^^ ^L pm -jr- August 12, 1966 1Ό D 66/68 7. Luftverdichtende injection internal combustion piston machine according to one of claims 1 "to 6, characterized in that the Longitudinal axis (y-y) of the combustion chamber (2), seen perpendicular to the plane which it connects with one of the nozzle mouth of the fuel injection valve ^ (3) on the twist planes of the combustion air circulating in the combustion chamber (2) falling vertical has in common, at an acute angle (06) so inclined to the cylinder longitudinal axis (x-x) that the fuel jets (6,7) directed along the longest wall section (9) are. 009830/0222 _ßAD original