DE1510548A1 - Core yarn and method and apparatus for making it - Google Patents

Description

PATENT LAWYERS

DR ₁ -ING. H. FINCKE DI PU.-IN β. Η. BOHR DIPL-ING. S. STAEGER

Call 224941

8 MUNICH S, MOIIerstraB «31

1965

Folder 20 479

to the pa-; eirt book

of the company BRITISH JiYION SPiIIUERS Pontypool / Monmouthshire Great Britain

concerning:

"Core yarn and process and device for a production"

Priority is given to registration in Great Britain dated December 24th / 1964.

The invention relates to core yarns in which one or more freshly formed continuous threads in the form of one behind the other lying loops relatively close to a core strand are wound, so that an approximately tubular sleeve with high Bauschdichtö und nieär. \ Gem Baueohfalrtor is formed, and a Method and a device for their. Manufacture.

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In the long-known process for the production of core yarns becomes a continuous thread-like core in a conventional spinning or drawing frame together with one or more rovings introduced from staple fibers, and by means of a rotating hollow spindle or a similar mechanical device, the drawn staple fibers as more or less continuous sleeves wound around the continuous thread-like core.

This traditional procedure is used many times and has been for a long time Time applied, however, has Hachtoile. These mainly include the need to use a rotating hollow spindle, to wind the staple fibers around the core, because this limits the production speed, mechanical difficulties arise when working at high speeds, because then friction and lubrication problems crop up, and it is required that the entire operation is continuously monitored.

The well-known shortcomings of this process have resulted in several Attempts led} to develop other ways of producing core yarns, and various possibilities have therefore been proposed to achieve this goal.

According to a proposal in recent years, a core and a sheath strand separated, but at the same time introduced into a device in which the sheath strand is wrapped around the core strand without the aid of a mechanical device, whereby a core yarn

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as- - -

Within this general solution, various processes have been proposed which differ in the specific procedure ¹ used to condense the sheath strand around the core strand., An example of such a process is shown in US Patents 3 041 812 and 3 076 307, namely the production of a core yarn from a core strand and a sheath strand by introducing the appropriately tensioned two strands separately and at different speeds, but at the same time into a fluid vortex that contains a rapidly rotating air mass * { This quickly rotating air acts on the sheath strand, which is preferably introduced with little or no obstruction, so that it is always somewhat loose so that loops are formed, and these loops are then wrapped around the core strand by the swirling fluid Core yarn is described; it is said to consist of a multitude of loops at different angles to each other, but mainly in planes generally perpendicular to the main axis of the core yarn Density.

The various suggested methods for better manufacture of core yarns usually assume that the HUIl-Dtrang a spun staple or continuous filament yarn is used from a suitable winding

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which has been built up from the yarn after it has been subjected to various processes, for example in the case of a spun staple fiber yarn, carding, staple fiber yarn, and spinning, which are associated with the formation of the yarn o the formation of the sheath strand from a yarn of this type erawingt necessarily that the Gesamtproseß the manufacture of the yarn ₁₉ which adversely affect a series of discontinuous, often complicated and time-consuming operations .1St the final cost of the core yarn "

The invention provides a core yarn should v / ground made available hei the formed sheath in the form of a generally tubular sleeve in series loops, which consist of a barren plurality of freshly formed continuous filaments, which in a unique and advantageous manner around the core strand to be arranged around "

The invention is also intended to provide a method of production of a new core yarn are made available, in which one or more freshly formed continuous Threads are used, so that the overall process summarized with the extrusion and manufacture of the continuous threads which form the shell component.

Furthermore, the invention is intended to make available a suitable device for carrying out this method «

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Further features of the invention emerge from the following description and the claims in connection with the drawing.

In order to achieve the first of the stated objectives, the invention a core yarn consisting of a centrally arranged one Core strand and a Hüllkoiaponsnte, which consists of one or more continuous threads in the form of a multitude of one above the other lying ,, loops lying one behind the other, the mainly arranged around the core strand in a number of helical turns j the pitch angle of which is in the range between 10 ° and 80 °, preferably between 30 ° and 80 °, so that a continuous, relatively tight, approximately tubular sleeve around the core strand is made available.

Bio helically wound loops, which often work together, are in an arrangement one on top of the other arranged to form a multilayer structure in which each layer has a concentric shell around the core strand forms. Within this structure, the basic pattern is that of consecutive loops, which in Direction basically parallel to the main axis of the core strand »even if they are distributed helically in this direction are, being consecutive, partially overlapping one another Loops are staggered against each other in a staggered manner.

The arrangement and disposition of the loops lying in a row as a relatively dense envelope, which adapts to the contours dee

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Adjusting core strand is reflected in some properties of the sleeve. The sleeve has a small volume and a correspondingly high bulk density, usually in the range from 0.15 to 1 g per cm, preferably between 0.2 and 1 g per cbcra, a construction factor, as defined below, less than 10 ^, preferably less than $ 7, and an impact factor in the range between 3/4 ¹ Wd 12.

The unique and beneficial way in which the in-line Loops are arranged around the core strand, which serves to remove the core yarns created according to the invention from all so far described au can be produced by the following method.

The peculiarity of the method according to the invention for manufacturing of core yarn consists in having a core strand under tension is continuously conveyed through a rotating hollow body in which a freshly formed continuous thread or several such threads are collected as a mass of contiguous loops will, loops continuously from the body simultaneously with the build-up of the loop mass be withdrawn in the form of a voluminous bundle, which comprises the core strand as a sheath component, and that the so formed Core yarn is neatly collected. The loop bundle that forms the shell component condenses around the core strand. so that a relatively dense, continuous sleeve is formed will.

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^ '\ _t ,, 1510 & 48 ■■■

While the core strand runs through <5th rotating hollow body, it must be kept under sufficient tension to ensure that it constantly follows a well-defined path through the hollow body and that it has a certain strength, which enables him to withstand interference from the impact of the envelope component enveloping him, so that the latter in the Condense in the form of a continuous, approximately tubular sleeve can. Bio amount of tension of a particular core strand, which enables the achievement of the desired structure, depends on a number of factors and also responds to them, it is therefore practically impossible to specify a voltage value, which is suitable for different purposes »The selection of a suitable one or even a preferred voltage level for one Core strand using a special device is ('nevertheless - no problem and can easily be determined empirically ;: be graded when a few easy-to-perform introductory • Settings of the operating conditions are made.

i ·

The nature of the core strand and the material from which it is made are not critical to the successful implementation of the method according to the invention, and a wide range Any core yarn of materials can be used, be it a

! spun staple or continuous filament yarn, a monofilament, or indeed any other type of continuous "thin _s elongated structure" among the many materials "including, for example, high molecular weight polymers from which the core strand is formed

. ■ 909829/1256 .. _e / a

can, two materials should be particularly emphasized, because they produce core yarns with properties that are particularly suitable for certain applications For example, an insulated electrical conductor can be obtained by using an electrical conductor as the core strand ■ is used, for example aluminum or copper wire. One completely different type of core yarn in the form of an elastic one Yarn that can be used in elastic fabrics such as in the manufacture of woven or knitted

Swimwear, stocking varsity, bras and pajamas

be obtained when jaraaa can be used, an elastic core strand can be used which is covered with a continuous, approximately tubular sleeve with the novel and advantageous structure. Suitable elastic core strands can consist of rubber or some synthetic elastomers, a large number of which exi- = stiert = The blastomer threads can be mentioned in this context are made from the polyester urethanes according to the application 80 608/65, and those substituted by the N ~ in particular N-alkylated polyamides are obtained,

ι -

as described in the 'Application 81 556/65',

The loop collection from which the sheath component of the core yarn is derived is preferably formed in that one or more threads made of an artificial polymer material shortly after it has been pressed out through the opening of a spinneret, the action of a fluid stream is subjected to the threads and moves them forward to the rotating hollow body.

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The fluid jet conveys the continuous threads to the body at a linear speed which is considerably greater than the linear speed with which the ribbon bundle is drawn off, so that the excessively fed threads are contained in it as a quantity of loops lying one behind the other collect ₀

The use of only one thread in deriving the envelope component, and the formation of a continuous, etv / a tubular

shaped sleeve around the core strand from it, is a remarkable ' Funct of the inventive method »Even if the use a Paderrt can be appropriate for economic reasons, or in order to obtain a sleeve of a certain thickness »u, so can but many more threads than a single one in the rotating hollow body are collected in the form of a collection of loops which the shell component is formed

The thickness of the sleeve. Grows with the number of threads from which it is made

it is built up, and therefore there is an upper limit for the ι Number of threads that can be combined to form a sleeve » when a core yarn is to be formed that is suitable for normal textile purposes is useful

Appropriately exceeds the number of the rotating Hollow bodies collected threads, which accordingly contribute to the formation of the Hüllkoraponentο, not the value 50, if this. value also according to the actual deniex value of the threads

can vary. 9 0 9 8 2 9/1255

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BAO

The loop aspiration can be built up from one or more freshly formed threads made of any artificial one Polymers can be injected, even if different materials are used suit differently well. In this context it has been shown that threads, hereinafter referred to as plastic pads v / earth, in which the artificial polymer er ial in is an essentially amorphous, plastic state when the threads run into the rotating hollow body * relatively stable, easily treatable loops result. The presence of plastic threads in the amount facilitates the progressive removal of the Grinding from the body and reshaping it into a shell component from which a stable, continuous sleeve is formed. The effectiveness of plastic threads in this connection is probably due, according to the current state of knowledge, to that the threads, although they are oriented, show no elastic recovery in this state, so that they can be easily deflected in the rotating hollow body, so that ι a compact and stable Schleifenmaese is formed which can be easily controlled and treated. In contrast, a hatred of threads in crystalline form can be difficult to control and move within because of the vibrancy of the threads rotating hollow body to be held. The pliability of the plastic threads also makes it easier to wind the removed thread Büiidelsum the core strand and ensures a good fit the shell component to the contours of the core strand, if above

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In addition, the artificial polymer material is then crystalline the shape assumed by the plastic threads after being wrapped in the form of loops around the core is fixed »so that the stability of the envelope is improved.

The crystallization of the plastic threads that form the sheath component can essentially be completed by the fact that the Yarn is exposed to environmental conditions before the core yarn is collected v / ird. Usually the rate of criotallion is under ambient conditions however small; but it can be increased by a following "treatment on the core yarn. Such a treatment

can, if the shell component consists of plastic polyamide threads, consist in exposing the yarn to a humid atmosphere, heating the yarn, or applying a swelling agent will. If the sheath component consists of polyester threads, crystallization can be achieved by heating the core yarn or induced by using a suitable swelling agent »

The loops are made from the hollow body in the shape of a voluminous Pulled off a bundle of loops which encompasses the tensioned core strand, and therefore the rotational movement of the body serves there, the loops to twist the core strand so that the bundle of loops is condensed into a relatively tight sheath that extends over the Adjusts the contours of the core strand. The rotating body thus serves both to support the freshly formed, continuous threads

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as a collection of loops hanging one behind the other, as well as, the loops relatively tightly around the surface of the Core strand in the form of a continuous, roughly tubular spin the sleeve out.

The condensation of the initially voluminous loop bundle closes a relatively dense shell around the core strand can

ntütst that the bundle shortly after the union with the I core strand is narrowed. The. Narrowing of the loop bundle in this way can be achieved by removing the core strand and the voluminous bundle of loops surrounding it by a guide element is passed, which basically has Kreisforra and the ir. The outlet opening of the rotating hollow body or tight is arranged on this and with which the bundle comes into frictional contact »The reinforcement of the effect of the rotating Body when spinning down the loop bundle onto the core strand by narrowing the initially voluminous arrangement of Loops of which it is made usually provide a sleeve with better thickness uniformity so that the core yarn is one has better denier uniformity and an overall more regular structure.

Throughout the invention, furthermore, an apparatus for manufacturing made available by core yarns, which is characterized in that it consists of a device for ejection from man-made polymer material to continuous ones

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Threads from a source therefor, means by which at least one of the freshly formed threads is guided through a rotating hollow body which is arranged to rotate and serves as a loop and twist inserter and which is provided with an opening which the conveyed threads can enter the body »a device with which a core strand can be guided under tension through the hollow body, including an opening in the body which is opposite the opening through which the or where the conveyed threads enter, and a device, how it is used "which may be the same, lead the cores Trang au through the body but also the core strand in an orderly manner with · where ^appropriate: is collected after the core strand ait the associated Sohleifenbündel has been taken from the body.

A special embodiment of the device according to the invention is characterized in that a common coil forming device, wherein the winding device, a twisting device or a reciprocating traverse can be to _{serves to pick up not only the finished core yarn orderly, but also to the To convey core strand under tension through the hollow body and to pull it off together with the associated loop bundle. A conventional tensioning device, for example a magnetic or a gate tensioner, which is placed between the winding from which the core strand is drawn off and its inlet into the hollow body, can also be provided in order to control the tension of the core strand more precisely.

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Furthermore, it is often advantageous to build a stationary hollow guide element, typically one, into the device Guide ring or a guide tube, which can be curved or straight, and through which the core strand with the associated Loop bundle runs through. This guide element should be dimensioned in connection with the initially voluminous loop bundle in such a way that it comes into direct non-positive contact with this, and by narrowing the bundle its condensation to form a relatively tight and fitting one. Wrapping around the core supports. In order to support the operation, the guide element should be arranged at a short distance from the outlet from which the core strand and the bundle of loops belonging to it are withdrawn from the hollow body, or in some cases, if a tube is used as a pipe element, Reach into the hollow body · Independent of this role in guiding the structure and in spinning the voluminous bundle of loops around the core strand, resulting in a better one Reflecting the regularity of the ben! Er value has gaseoused, ι that the stationary tube facilitates the continuous operation of the process according to the invention for the production of the desired core yarn.

j The invention is to be described in detail to facilitate understanding, certain expressions used in of the description and claims are used and have already been used in the foregoing, are defined.

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ribbon

The term "loop" is used in the context of the present application to denote shapes resulting from the folding of a continuous thread on itself followed by a change in the direction of the thread, and the two parts forming a single loop may or may not cross each other _"o len as a closed end is referred to, can be sharp and pointed, being, but also curved eanft the term" connecting part of the parts or members which in some Stel consecutive loops to "the shapes indicate that arise when daa Palten of a continuous thread is repeated with itself, so that frequent changes of direction occur.

In such structures, part of a loop also serves as a whole part of the next loop »and the closed ends of the both loops are at the two ends of the common link.

Continuous thread

The term "continuous thread" is intended to be used in the context of the present Log pad en "denote an undefined length have and those involved in the practical implementation of the invention Process can be supplied continuously by injecting an artificial polymer material from a source. Of the Term is not intended to include short length fibers, in general be designated as staple fibers.

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Bulky factor

The bulk factor becomes the percentage change dee The diameter of the core yarn is defined when a certain load is applied, and can be calibrated in terms of width by means of a conventional Thickness gauges are determined »The in the context of the present application The bulk factors given are in the following way

Fixed: Five turns of the yarn are placed under a tension of 0.01 g per denier around a flat plate 1 mm thick and 10 cm long, with the individual turns at a distance of 2 1/2 mm lie ", this" plate is placed on the ieller (3/4 Inch diameter) of a standard calibrated thickness gauge, the loops of the sleeve being symmetrical over the plate. The top plate (3/4 inch diameter) of the honor is then placed on the

Yarn lowered g under a load of 10, and the reading after reaching a constant value verwertet.'Diese reading indicates the approximate initial thickness of the core yarn, the low weight iIAT little effect on the thickness _t of only any Oberfläohenunregelmäßigkeiten be balanced

The weight is then increased to 50 g and the gauge is read again after a constant state has been reached. The percentage reduction in diameter by applying the load of 50 g is determined from the two readings of the thickness gauge _o The percentage reduction is related to the empty volume in the core in connection, and the value obtained is an indication of the degree of compression of the core and the density of the packing of the individual concentric layers in this

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have compact, tightly wound, roughly tubular® sleeves, very small for Kcrügarne ₉ in which η the envelope component consists of an arrangement of predominantly radially arranged loops, it is considerably larger.

Twist factor

This is defined (see FIG. For example, "Textile Terms and Definitions" j 4th edition, published by the Textile Institute Manchester) than the actual swirl divided by the Quadratwurael cotton count _o "The relationship between cotton a count mid Denierv / ert of Garno is is known, and a denier can easily be converted to the corresponding cotton count.

Constructional ohmic density

The bulk density of the sleeve is defined as the specific mass of the sleeve divided by its specific volume. The sleeve of the Gx ^ findungßgemäßen core yarn has a relatively high and Bauachigkeit3dichte _r because it is a low specific volume, accordingly, from a number of concentric shells, which consist of closely wound around the core strand loops.

U.'ii a preferred embodiment of the invention-related VeriY-hrnriFj v / ird the loop accumulated in the rotating hollow body ί> · .. ': αηαοΒο, ii \ i3 which the envelope component is formed, av.o einea c-'lTjr several Irontinuicrlichon ffädc-üi built up initially

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be squeezed through a spinneret from a source of material, and then, within a short period of time after squeezing, pass through a jet to which fluid is supplied under pressure. The fluid flowing within the jet is intended to be arranged 80 to accelerate the continuous filaments and convey them around and into the rotating hollow body. Threads made of certain polymer materials _f in particular threads made of synthetic organic polymers, such as polyamides, polyesters and polyhydrocarbons,

™ but also threads made of, for example, cellulose materials such as cellulose acetate, are both macromolecularly oriented and accelerated in the beam, so that the rotating hollow body is stretched FHden supplied / earthed »

The fluid, which should not noticeably affect the material of the threads, is preferably a gas, for example air. The jet, which will be referred to as suction jet in the following is, comprises in the basic form a thread inlet guide and a thread outlet channel, which are brought close to one another in a hollow body to which an air inlet is attached.

The hollow body, which forms the loop and twist generating device, can have several shapes, albeit because of the achieved Speed is desirable that the shape is not too complicated. It has been found that bodies that are between the mouth and the Baais narrow, so that they are inclined

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Have the area around which the loop aggregates accumulate can, and which have an opening in the Baeie through which the Core strand can happen are very suitable. Examples of such Bodies are conically shaped bodies, two of which are explained in more detail in connection with FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, and a wine glass shaped body Body as he used in conjunction with Jig. 7 will be described later. So that the fluid conveying the threads can escape from the hollow body, it is often expedient to provide the body with perforations. The presence of the perforations in the body promotes the treatment of loop accumulation in the hollow body. The hollow body can be a hollow cylindrical pin have, dex ^ can be used to connect to the drive. Metals, ceramics or plastics are suitable materials for producing the hollow body.

The loop and twist generator allows the accumulation of the threads in the form of a cluster of loops which the shell component is formed, which are otherwise conveyed at high speed, in order to use a conventional winding device to be included

Simultaneously with the introduction of the 3ohleifenanammlung in the rotating Hollow body becomes a core strand, which in a suitable manner is tensioned, for example by being guided through a gate tensioner, continuously through the rotating hollow body out, by the train of a conventional winding mechanism. The amount of the core strand during the traversal of the hollow

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The path followed by the body should lead it through the loop. The core strand is expediently inserted into the hollow body introduced through an axially arranged opening) which can be the mouth of the body, which is opposite the outlet.

If the loop noise during the run on the The core strand impacts, the formation of the shell component begins «. Initially, the envelope component has a voluminous poum Bunch of loops surrounding the core strand looker, and this composite structure is longitudinal through the hollow body > promoted a path corresponding to that of the core strand. Appropriately this path leads the structure out of the hollow body through the mouth or through the opening in the base. Because the body rotates relatively quickly compared to the linear speed of the core strand, through which the withdrawal speed the set structure is determined the initially voluminous bundle of loops spun relatively tightly around the core strand, so that a tight, continuous sleeve is formed.

As has already been said, it may be desirable about the Condensation of the loop bundle to support the core strand, the composite structure soon after the union of the two components and as long as the bundle of loops is still voluminous, guide u through a guide element, then dimensioned appropriately, tion to narrow. Preferably the guide element, typically

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see / else a guide ring or a stationary drill that is straight or curved aein can, arranged in the way in which the Structure moves, namely gana or partially within the hollow body, or not far from the AiiB ^ aßfrCttttingf b.elopiclßweiee dor confluence o

.Bas finished core yarn is formed in the usual way with a lap Device added, in the case of a Aufwickol ~ Device with a Tronunol traverse or a Ringawirnvorriohbung. f

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing! ee seigern

Pig- * 1 schematically shows a perspective view of a device to carry out the method according to the invention}

Figo 2 shows a pig; 1 corresponding view in which the skein

runs through the body in a different way

yig. 3 is a longitudinal section through a Saugetrahl, in which it can be used "findungegeaäßen device according Pign» 1 or 2 _o '·. .

Pig. 4 oxne supervision of the sucking jet according to Pig. 3y

^l j «ine perspoktivisohe Aufsioht roif a conical hollow body, do :? ale loop and twist introduction device

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in the device according to Pign. 1 or 2 can be used

can;

6 shows a cross section through the body according to Pig. 5 with a schematic diagram of some useful places for a Guide element in the pona of a stationary tube, provided such an element is used?

a perspective view of another form of a "conical hollow body;

a longitudinal section through another hollow body in the form of a wine glass, which can be used as a Sohloifen- undDrall-Einbringeinrichtung in the device according to Pign »1 and 2, showing some possible ones Places for a guide element in the form of a stationary one Tube if a solohe is to be used}

Pig «9 shows a longitudinal section through a conical body, which at a suitable drive is available)

Pign · 10 and 11 aohematic and simplified representations of the The manner in which the sheath component condenses around the core strand;

Pigο 12 an echematical view of a piece of a core yarn according to the invention when viewed under an ordinary microscope;

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a schematic view similar to FIG. 12, but in which a part of the sleeve is omitted in order to simplify the arrangement of the individual ones in series Loops to represent the core rank;

FIG. 14 shows a microphotograph with four times magnification of a core yarn produced according to the invention; FIG. and

Fig. 15 is a flow diagram of the various stages of the method according to the invention.

An apparatus suitable for producing core yarn is shown in FIG Figs. 1 and 2 shown. The device contains as sole elf and twist inserter a hollow cone 21 which has an opening 22 in the base, and with a short hollow tenon 23. provided iat, the bore of which is coaxial with the opening 22. The pin is connected to a suitable drive, not shown, the drive can be of any type and is used to rotate the hollow cone at a controlled speed. In many cases this drive is an electric motor. The envelope component is derived from a set of loops in the hollow cone is collected, and made up of one or more continuous Threads are formed which are supplied to the Komis in excess after they have been pressed out through the openings in a spinneret 24, specifically with the aid of a suction jet 25. A wrap 27 ", the quell for the core pull, and a door-tensioner 29, which is between two double-ended guides 30 and 31

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Lying j gives more precise control over the tension of the core strand and helps ensure that the strand is delivered properly and uniformly. Two delivery rollers 32 are used to pulling off the skein 27 and delivering it at a predetermined delivery speed. The rollers have parallel rolls Axes and lie against each other during operation, so that a slippage or a free plug of the strand lying in between is prevented or is reduced.

Eo is sometimes advantageous, as has already been indicated 1st, a guiding element, for example a stationary tube, completely ' or to be arranged partially within or not too great a distance from the hollow body 21, and in Pign. 1 and 2 is roughly one indicated satisfactory position of such a tube. At the device after Pig. 1, the just formed tube 33 lies vertically in the hollow pin, with its axis along the axis of rotation of the Hollow body and with the uppermost opening in or near the vertex of the cone, just below the opening 22. In the Pig. 2, the tube 34, which is slightly curved this time, is clear Above the cone and to the side of its axis of rotation, while a short piece of the tube that is at an angle 45 ° to the vertical protrudes into the cone.

The one arranged on the other side of a freely rotatable guide roller 35 Winding device is a common winding device with a drum traverse and a holder 37 on which a yarn roll is set up.

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The mode of operation of the device shown in the implementation of the method according to the invention is in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2 easy to understand. When deriving the shell component for the core strand, an accumulation of loops becomes as follows Way permanently built up within deo cone 21, one or more, about four, as shown in the drawing, freshly formed threads, which are generally designated by the designation 38 are spun through the spinneret and then drawn by the suction jet 25 which is continuously passed through air inlet 26 is supplied with compressed air. Those emerging from the suction jet Threads v / crden conveyed with the air stream protruding from the jet sum hollow cone 21, which at a fixed speed around its axis rotates. The linear speed at which the threads are removed from the suction jet 25 are conveyed to the cone 21, the speed exceeds , with which the threads are sucked off the cone, by a considerable amount. Duplicated due to this excessive supply aeder of continuous threads within the cone, ie folds up on itself, so that a multitude of loops hanging one behind the other is formed, which together

ι form the loop collection.

Simultaneously with the continuous build-up of this sole soap mass a core strand runs under suitable tension through the cone after it has come off the winding 27 over and around one end of the bobbin 28 or such a holder, for example a Kötzer or a cone, and then two pig tail guides 30 and 31, the clamping device 29 and the delivery rollers 32 have run.

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Within the rotating hollow cone 21, the loops, which together form the loop mass stored therein, unite "with the core strand" when the latter wanders through the cone, and the loops are carried along in the form of a voluminous bundle enveloping the core strand »doe in Fig. 2 is indicated in the form of an inverted cone 39. Because of the hollow cone compared zav linear velocity of the rotated relatively quickly through it and away from the current core strand, the loop bundle forming the Hülllcoiaponente is woven tightly around the core strand around. The condensation of the bundle of loops into a dense, roughly tubular layer can in some cases be assisted and thus a better product can be obtained by passing the composite structure through the stationary tube 33 or 34 for a short period of time after the two components have been combined, which narrows the enveloping loop bundle through force-fit contact. The finished core yarn 4Q is collected after being diverted around the freely rotatable guide roller 35, a drum cross-member 36 and a holder 37 serving to build up a lap 38.

Figs. 3 and 4 show a suction jet in longitudinal section and plan view, which can be used with the device according to FIGS. 1 or 2. The suction jet consists of a hollow body 42, which is externally threaded at each end and to which an air inlet tube 26 is attached. A lid 43 with a thread inlet guide 44 is screwed onto the top of the body 42. A second cover 45 with a pad outlet channel 46 is on the

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The bottom of the body 42 is screwed on. The bottom and the top of the inlet and outlet guides are bevelled so that a ring

shaped air inlet channel 47 is formed. The folding angle (referred to in Pig x 2 Mitoc) as an injection half angle, and its value is important to the promotion of the threads to achieve by the air flow. The aa most generally useful suction jets for the purposes of the invention have injector half-angle values in the range from 2 ° to 25 °. The suction jet is supplied with compressed air through the air inlet tube 26; the air flow enters the Fadonaualaßkanal 46 through the air inlet channel 47, and after the air jet is directed annularly downwards, a conveying movement results which is imparted to the extruded threads, which is resisted by the jet through the inlet pipe 44. Run outlet channel 46 downwards.

In operation, the threads come from the spinneret and rotate! en cone to which they are conveyed by the suction jet, the one ring-shaped cone that runs concurrently with the threads Airflow supplies. Tinter the propulsion of the air currents will be the Threads stretched and accordingly elongated, i.e. stretched, and in the space between the spinneret and the throat of the Suction jet. The ray should be placed beyond the point, at which the threads have essentially completely solidified, Bonst occurs thread breakage, so that discontinuous Staple fibers are produced "

In the special case of melt-spun polymers, for example synthetic organic polymers such as polyethylene terephthalate

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thalate, polypropylene, polyhexamethylene adipamide and polycaproamide, the suction jet should be placed beyond the area in which the solidifying thread is in a highly viscous state between the molten and the solid state.The optimal place for the suction jet is determined by its position is changed until it elongates the filaments well, but does not zerreifit or brings the merger ₀ in the case of melt-spun polymers are the threads friech formed by the thread dee due drives through the Luf tström recoverability W te voltage both macromolecular oriented as well as elongated.

A AtH

Polyhexamethylene adiparaid threads that came out auö / sucking ray, were thus well oriented, and the role of the suction jet in this context was demonstrated by birefringence measurements made on pieces of thread taken out immediately above and below the suction jet « : Under one set of satisfactory operating conditions, the birefringence above the suction jet was 0.0433 and below it 0.0455 *

The orientation of the threads is reflected in the properties, for example the toughness of the sleeve containing them, and the orientation is achieved in a basically simple manner at the same time as the spinning, and as a concomitant of the necessary conveyance of the threads.

The speed of air flow required to length and orient melt-sponhened filaments at the desired rate, the

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init the air pressure and the construction and other properties of the suction jet is related, changes according to the spun polymer and the process conditions, for example the Exit viscosity of the polymer, i.e. the melt viscosity Squeezing, the squeezing rate, the touch odiatana jaden / air, which provides the drive of the threads, and the angle of incidence between the suction jet and the threads, if it is also a variable Pa3: acts as fast as possible, the speed must, if the FM's come from the melt-spun polymer, sufficiently high Gcin to give tension to the pads that the threads in J desired HaQe both lengthwise and macromolecularly oriented.

Furthermore, with melt-spun polymers, the air is frightening high speed j, with which the threads inside and below of the suction jet, the threads in mainly asymmetrically, causing an irregular ripple spontaneously or after a slight delay can be. This crimp can be in the thread stock = parts of the yarn remain, and in this case contain them they have a crimp that resembles the arrangement of thread loops. stores iot. The presence of such a curl can cause the Give yarn useful properties.

The turbulence of the air within the suction jet can cause deterioration nesting and mixing threads together with the formation to produce a sti-angs containing, for example, six threads c In the same way, such a strand can be

909829/1255

ro

such as separate continuous filaments, and the term "continuous filaments" is intended to encompass such strands as used herein and hereinafter. However, since no advantages are achieved with the use of such strands in the process, but rather certain disadvantages can occur, for example the reduced covering power of a sheath component containing such strands, it is preferable that separate continuous threads are used _D an electrostatic charge of the threads before entry in or P during the passage through the suction jet, for example by frictional contact with a metal rod or the inlet opening of the jet can be used to reduce the intermingling of the threads, if such yarn formation becomes disruptive or at least reduce thread intermingling.

The speed at which the threads are conveyed by the suction jet can be changed within a wide range,

and depends mainly on the air pressure, albeit such quantities as the polymer identity, the thread denier, the construction and the dimensions of the suction jet also influence the conveying speed. Conveyor speeds are preferred over 3000 PuQ per hour (915 m per minute) used, and for melt-spun polymers such as polyamides, polyesters and polyhydrocarbons are the most widely used Speeds in the range of 7,000 to 20,000 feet

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per hour (2130 to 6100 m per minute). The construction characteristics of the suction jet, the pressure of the air supplied to it and the polymer extrusion rate are the main factors by which the The denier value of the threads that are delivered to the rotating cone and from which the thread structure is built

The construction properties of currently available suction jets enforce an upper limit on the denier of the threads of about 10 · However, since the folding or doubling of the continuous Threads with themselves when entering the rotating cone is facilitated, and with some polymer materials with high modulus remains practical through the use of 3 threads with low denier values, this limitation of the Procedure does not affect the general usefulness of the procedure. Threads with a denier value below about 1/2 can be undefined Length cannot be easily manufactured and have to be in the case of textiles not great usability. Eo was found to be related denier values in the range between 1 and 6 are most useful with the invention

The suction jet is an appropriate and preferable device, with which the threads are conveyed to the rotating hollow cone but it can be replaced by a different conveying device in which there is no flow of fluid for conveying the threads is used. There is also no need for air as a fluid to be used, other gases or steam or liquids may be used if they are also in general, not bo l) oq [uera or cheap.

909829/1255 .. ./32

_BA 0

As already mentioned, the continuous threads are usually driven by the suction jet at linear speeds of the order of magnitude between 2 130 and 6 10Om per minute (7,000 to 20,000 feet pxo minute). The threads are generally pushed down with the air flow, but turbulent flows and eddy currents within the jet, traveling simultaneously with the filaments, whip the running filaments around, causing them to follow an irregular, folded path "If If the rotating cone is too close to the suction jet, the filaments can be folded and doubled to form a mass of consecutive loops may be unsatisfactory, due to the airflow from the jet. This problem can be mitigated and better filament deposition can be achieved by providing a slight divergent (usually no more than 8 °) at the end of the filament outlet channel of the jet. If the recipient is too far away from the beam, controlled dropping can be difficult. The optimal distance must be determined in a simple manner experimentally by determining the distance between the Ray and the cone is changed and the filing of the threads into a loop mass is observed * In the case of melt-spun Polymers, such as polyamides, polyesters, and polyhydrocarbons, are spaced between 6 inches (152 mm) and 3 feet (915 mm) from the outlet of the suction jets very well suited.

In operation, it is desirable to facilitate the thread deposit and to break open the {'lasee in the cone to arrange the cone so that its axis is vertically below the outlet of the

Suction jets lies.

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Figo 5 shows a perspective view and Pig. 6 in the longitudinal section a hollow cone, which in the device according to. Pig «1 or Figo 2 can be used.

The hollow cone consists of a light metal alloy (an aluminum alloy "Alcan" of high tensile strength has been found to be useful for this purpose) and consists of a hollow conical body 48 and a pin 49 molded onto it. The conical body has a maximum diameter (AA) of 3 inches ( 76 mm) and the included angle at the apex is 90 ° The inner wall 50 is therefore inclined at an angle of inclination of 45 °. Holes 51 1/16 inch (.1.6 mm) in diameter are located in the wall of the conical body at a density of 30 per square inch (4.65 per square cm), the holes sloping through the wall in one direction at substantially the Kegolspitze "about 3 (K the wall surface is perforated. Dor pin 49 is 3/4 inch long (19 caa) and has a diameter of 1/2 inch j (12 _r 5 mm) it contains a ring of holes ( 1/4 inch (6.3 mm diameter) 52. Because of the perforated walls, the cone acts as a sieve and allows the air to escape "with which the filaments are introduced; otherwise this air would be thrown back to the gun and the spinneret * Accordingly, the Thread deposit facilitated with the formation of a relatively stable cash register from? Adenechleifen.

Next, the direction of the holes 51 in the body of the cone sets the The likelihood that the Mden by entering

909829/1255 - /

clamp the holes and allow "!;" to pull off the Sanding at a regular speed.

Fig. 7 is a perspective view of another cone, the can be used in the device according to Pig »1. The cone is made of a light metal alloy and the dimensions are the same as those of the cone according to FIGS. 4 and 5 »The wall of the cone between the edge and the apex consists of metal spokes 53, which form a metal grid. The grid spacing is approximately 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) on the outer edge and converges to 1/8 inch (3.2 mn) near the vertex. While this cone has been found to be satisfactory in use, it has been less effective than the cone described above, because the pad's surface area is reduced was and there was a possibility that thread loops two adjacent spokes stick out;

Experiment © have shown that conical shapes are generally advantageous are, if yarn structures with good properties are to be produced, possibly because with them it is possible to to arrange the discarded thread loops in layers that are the Adjust cone wall; when removing such a layer structure from the cone, the layer structure and the loop shape generally remain obtain. Other hollow bodies, especially those with a cone-like shape that have an inclined surface to deposit which provide thread loops, but can also be used. Pig ν 8 shows a wine glass-shaped cone in longitudinal section, when carrying out the Yer-

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fahro has proven to be very effective. The wine glass is made of light metal alloy and has a concave body 54 and a pin 55. Bas wine glass has a maximum diameter of 4 inches (102 mm) and the spigot is 1/2 inch (12.5 ram) in diameter. Holes are drilled in the wall of the conical body and a ring 57 of four holes is drilled in the tenon.In use, the thread loop mass is collected in the wine glass generally in the form of a sheet structure, the sheets being along the inclined part BB of the concave body _{lagen 0} In the case of this special body shape, the cone has such a small clearance that it rests in the fillings _r in those of the compound

Structure is withdrawn from the body by the tenon, usually contracting the bundle of loops, so that it simultaneously has the effect a stationary tube as a guide element, namely the wrapping of the core strand by the loop bundle support.

The cone or other hollow body into which the threads are quickly delivered must be sized according to the number of threads that are delivered into him. For use with up to seven threads with deniers ranging from 1/2 to 8 Cones with the dimensions as described in connection with FIGS. 5t and 8 have been described; flawlessly. If more than see threads being delivered to such cones in abundance, results there is a growing tendency for the loops to protrude over the edge and thereby flee from the boundaries of the cone » Am stationary perforated cone, which is the rotating cone

909829/1256

surrounds and has larger dimensions, can be used to lead back such scatter loops into the rotating cone, and that solves the problem. However, it is also possible to enlarge the cone to accommodate a larger number of threads To take into account.

The high speeds at which the cone rotates make it necessary dynamically balance the cone or other body prior to use. You achieve a dynamically stable cone P is supported by its small dimensions.

The cone (or other body) can be rotated in any suitable manner, for example by means of a Electric motor. Fig. 9 shows a so-high section through the longitudinal axis of an arrangement for rotating the cone. The one shown Cone 58 is the one shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 shown, and its Trunnion 49 is attached to a hollow drive shaft 59 of a three-phase motor, shown generally at 60.

In order to get a better knowledge of the way in which, according to current knowledge, the core yarn according to the invention is formed, an explanation is given below of the phenomena that occur during the formation of the loops lying one behind the other within a rotating cone and when they are pulled off as a loop bundle, which surrounds the core strand and thus forms a cladding for it.

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The speed with which these phenomena occur »the The fineness of the threads and the number of loops involved make it impossible to observe and pick out these phenomena without any problem, and it is to be emphasized that the now the following explanation based on observations, experiments based on model systems and photographic techniques 1st, a simplified and in some cases idealized picture of deja represents what is a very complicated and quick sequence of Events is; however, based on current knowledge, the picture should correctly reflect the situation.

When the conveyed threads enter the rotating cone, the leading end of each thread hits the inner surface of the cone, and the threads become frictional at least for a short time held and the downward movement is interrupted. Since the threads are fed continuously to the cone, one brings Reducing the amount of travel winds or wrinkles Duplicating the threads with itself with itself so that within the cone is formed by a large number of loops, folds, or doublings hanging one behind the other consists. The sole loops have different loop lengths, which means the mean length of the two parts of the loop. Some of the factors "that determine the loop length are the modulus of the threads, their Benler value, the speed with which they are conveyed into the cone by the suction jet, and the shape and dimensions of the cone"

909829/1 25 B.

The arrangement and relative position of the loops lying one behind the other within the cone is considerably and advantageously influenced by the irregular path that the threads travel on their way to the cone, and the associated oscillating movement that is imparted to the threads by the action of the suction jet, which cause them to travel an irregular, folded path. As a result of this movement, the threads traverse in the area above the cone, and accordingly the point of deposit of the threads within the cone changes continuously, so that the thread loops or doublings are exercised? Spread out a sizeable rope of the cone in the form of an arbitrarily laid ribbon consisting of a hatch of integrated, one behind the other hanging loops or doublings with many thread crossings The filing of the consecutive loops in this way gives the arbitrarily laid tape a degree of coherence and Stability that is reflected in the ease with which the soles can be pulled off the cone in the form of a bundle.

The centrifugal forces resulting from the rotational movement of the cone fling the freshly formed loops against the inclined surface of the cone and help create the sole elves to align in the radial direction relative to the Konusaohee · The Loops are thrown outwards and along the cone, and this can result in a mixture of Loops result "

.. ./39 909829/1255

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When the loop formation and doubling of the continuous Threads can continue to run without material being taken out of the cone, there would be a hate of wildly entwined in the cone and doubled threads, and within a short period of time, on the order of a few seconds with the cone described, the cone would be completely filled with it will. However, this is not allowed because there is a progressive pulling off of the loops from the cone in connection with the Core strand yields »

The turning movement of the cone ensures as soon as the removal of the Once grinding has begun, the grinding inside the cone extends around the inclined inner surface and descends in a path move, which is believed to be a continuous conical spiral. Because of the forceful contact between and under the loops, a certain loop exerts a pull on the following loops and moves accordingly the whole Ifasse as an integrated structure.

10 shows the longitudinal in a schematic and idealized form its axis divergent eogenous spiral 62, which within the Is described when the loops down the inclined inner surface and through the tenon in connection with the cone move continuously running core strand 41. During the downward movement, the Masd5 of the interacting, one behind the other hanging loops becomes tight against the wall of the cone held, and «was common by centrifugal and

909829 / 125B _oo ./40

Frictional forces and through the air that passes through the thread mass on its way through the perforations, they grow The slope of successive eddies of the spiral reflects the funnel effect to which the Hasse is subjected on its way to the apex of the cone. The funnel effect is the rotary motion superimposed and ensures a fluxing of the loops in the radial direction within the cone and favors the axial Alignment of the loops within the bundle.

11 is a similar Schemablld to show the spiral 63ι which is also drawn apart along its axis, which is described by the loops when they are withdrawn from the cone mouth in connection with the core strand 61. Initially, the loops move down the inclined inner surface of the cone, and they are turned inside out when they hit the continuously running core strand 41, and they are transported out of the cone together with them. The eversion of the loops in this way provides for their flooding along the axis of the core strand, and can furthermore with the condensation; of the voluminous bundle in the form of an inverted cone to a particularly uniform one. Serving can be used in connection.

The number of loops present in the mass and the speeds involved make it impossible, with certainty the exact course of the loops as they move into the cone to fix in and out of this, but the way is certainly not as clearly defined as can be seen from the two figures

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may be concluded, possibly because of the confusion that often occurs between adjacent loops; however, the representation has proven to be a useful working hypothesis.

Kura period photos confirm that the ribbon moves down the sloping inner surface of the cone and migrates out through the dog or tenon, as an integral structure; that will attributed to the good coherence and stability between the loops on it. These photos also suggest that the overall result is a retention of the loop character with J general alignment of the loops in radial directions along the inner surface of the cone, and the loops progressively and properly emerging from the cone move out, with the majority of the loops aligned parallel to each other. It is precisely this retention of the loop shape during the pulling of the tape from the rotating cone enables the method according to the invention · Welter confers the Removal of the loops in a progressive manner in the order in which they were deposited, and with the loops formed therefrom aligned in the same general direction th sleeve some of its distinctive features.

When the bundle of loops moves out of the tang or neck of the cone, it becomes twisted, and this twist, which results from the relatively close rotation of the cone in comparison to the core strand, which is visible in the bundle, the loop bundle condenses so that it is spun around the core strand as a relatively tight covering.

■ 909829/1256. _o ./ ₄ 2

Shortly after the connection of the Kernetrange with the loop bundle, and while the bundle is still relatively bulky, it can, how already mentioned, it may be desirable to guide the assembled structure through a guide element which, in the case of the device, follows Pigrio 1 and 2 can be a stationary tube «The stationary The tube shall have a bore with a diameter or smallest diameter of the same size that the loops within the Rest against the inner surface with a force fit, so that the The bundle is narrowed and the wrapping of the core strand is assisted with the bundle. Choosing a suitable diameter to achieve this goal depends on the diameter of the composite structure to run through the tube and is best determined empirically. The satisfying plate for the tube depends on a number of factors, and it is generally found that a certain margin, the limits of which are determined by the function of the tube, is permissible, and this position too is best determined empirically by changing the position along the path taken by the the composite structure as it travels to the winder, observing the finished core yarns and checked if necessary.

In order to indicate what are useful places for a tube in practice, if one is used with certain hollow bodies, are in Pign. 5 and 7 in broken lines for a certain angular position of places along the path of the assembled structure to the winder is shown at which results in the desired uniformity of the envelope.

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If the composite structure in the arrangement according to Fig. migrates downward out of the cone, the lying in the axis of rotation tube 33 is best arranged so that the upper opening is level with the seheitel of the cone «or close to this vertex, but any other position within the space shown by the broken line is also conceivable, from 11 mm above to 2 mm below the vertex enough.

If it is worked in such a way that the composite structure from I the cone mouth is withdrawn, the slightly curved bore 34, a part of which in this case at an angle of is arranged to the vertical, arranged along the suction path which in this case is defined by the angular position of this drilling part, the inlet opening of which lies somewhere within a range, which can again be interrupted by Lines is shown, and which is from 50 mm distance from the cone logs! extends to about 110 mm above the lip.

If the slightly curved tube 34 is used in conjunction with the wine glass-shaped cone according to FIG. 8, it can be longitudinal of the vent path, with the inlet port somewhere within that indicated by the broken line Range that extends from 10 mm above the base of the cone to about 30 mm from its lip »

The core yarn collected as a lap on the winder is shown in FIGS. 12 and 13. Bs consists of a central

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β ο ο / 44

arranged core strand 41 and an approximately tubular sleeve 70, which is wound relatively tightly around the core strand.

The sleeve consists of a concatenation of superimposed and loops 72 hanging one behind the other, whose ropes 71 are arranged mainly along the main axis of the yarn, but around the core strand 41 are twisted helically in more or less regular spirals »so that a relatively dense» continuous sheath is formed in the core yarn shown If the helix angle is about 70 °, it can differ considerably for different core yarns according to the invention, even if it is usually in the range between 30 ° and 80 °.

Cross-sections at different points of the core yarn show one approximately constant number of threads in the sleeve. The number of threads detected is related to the linear speed (E), with which the threads enter the cone »their number (N) and the Linear velocity (W) in relation to "" it the loops be withdrawn by the pulling action of the continuously running core strand. The number can be found by taking the Ratio E / W is multiplied by N. The cross-sections often show in addition to the parallel threads that make up the parts of loops represent the curved ends 73 of one or more loops, creating the basic arrangement of the consecutive hanging sanding etf along the core strand is confirmed.

900829/1255

The loops inside the sleeve are one on top of the other arranged lying parallel, but because of the progressive and proper manner in which the loops are peeled from the rotating cone, taking overall the While maintaining the loop shape and orientation, the loop bays are generally staggered along the core strand .

Bs should be mentioned that the actual arrangement of the loops inside the kernel is more complicated than the description above, | which reproduces a somewhat idealized structure, and in particular there is considerable interaction and nesting swisohen the loops that sometimes get mixed up can, and repeated direction reversals over a short length often obstruct the fundamentally staggered relationship between Schleifon, if by and large it is retained. The overall picture within the sleeve is one on top of the other lying loop arrangement, which lie mainly in the direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the core, even if they are also in this Direction are helically twisted, successive loops being offset from one another.

There is one characteristic of the core yarn of the present invention in that the approximately tubular sleeve that forms the envelope, has a bulk density that is based on the arrangement of the helically arranged loops in more or less concentric shells relative to the core strand

909829/1255 ... / 46

which they are wound. This arrangement facilitates a tight covering of the core strand with the loops, so that the finished core yarn has a high bulk density, a has a small bulk factor and good dimensional strength a bulk density in the range between 0.15 and 1 g per cm and a bulk factor, as defined above, of less than 10 $ ο

The arrangement of the loops also gives the core yarn a soft feel, similar to that of a spun staple fiber yarn Individual loops that make up the sheath strand are between 1/2 "and 8" in length (1.2 cm to 20 cm) ♦

The microphoto Figo 14 shows a piece of core yarn according to the invention and illustrates the helical arrangement of the loops, and their connection to an approximately tubular sleeve. In the case of the core yarn shown, the loops were around the grain strand at a pitch angle of 30 °, and the sleeve had a bulk density of 0.2 g per cm.

The sleeve of the core yarns is sufficiently stable without heat setting treatment, to resist unwinding, and this stability and coherence is due to the twisting of the envelope components in the form of loops hanging one behind the other around the core strand and the interaction thwart each other, each other

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Clamping and holding adjacent loops back to each other. Another factor that affects the shell component in the Stability and coherence are given to cases in which they are formed from plastic threads, for example polyamide threads; will, is the Fixation of the loops in the helical shape that they take up when the core strand is wrapped, with the transformation into the crystalline one State is connected «. The transition from the plastic to the crystalline state can take place spontaneously if the core yarn exposed to the atmosphere, or it can be induced or accelerated by heat or chemical means «

The twist introduced into the bundle of loops from which the tube is formed depends on the rotational movement of the cone relative to the linear speed at which the composite structure is driven by the winder & ψ, π.η. on the working conditions of the device used. If, for example, the threads are delivered at a speed of 10,000 feet per minute (3,050 meters per minute), and the thread loops then rotate through the rotation of the cone at 15,000 revolutions per minute before they are withdrawn together with the core strand and with At a speed of 250 feet per minute (76 m per minute), the result is a twist rate of »turns per inch, dohe 5 turns per inch (approx.» 2 turns per cm).

The twist used in the sleeve, which gives it a certain coherence unä gives stability, so it can be controlled in a simple and effective manner. The optimal twist for the

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BATH ORIGINAL

the best properties of the sleeve depends on the denier and the The relationship between these two parameters is correctly expressed by the twist factor. This is (see for example "Textiles Terms and Definitions", 4th edition, published by the Textile Institute) than the actual twist divided by the square root of the cotton count, which is related to the denier in a certain relationship stands "

In the best core yarns of the invention, the sleeve has one "Twist factor in the range between 3/4 and 12 and mostly between 1 and 8,

The thickness of the sleeve, which is related to the twist factor, is usually such that the thickness of the sleeve is two to six times the thickness of the core strand.

The device that wraps the core strand with the Loops causes is a false twist because neither the spinneret nor the lap on which the core yarn is wound, rotleren around the yarn axis.

Because the sleeve consists of helical loops around the core strand, the gown also has to be worn over the entire length of the core yarn has as many right-handed as left-handed turns of the sheath component around the core, so that in reality the sleeve does not contain any actual twist. Despite these two factors, the pod has, as already,

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mentions the properties to be expected from a structure which contains real twist, in particular the resistance to unwinding from the core strand is to be mentioned, and that Core yarn is a stable product that can be wound up in all common laps and stored indefinitely «The Sleeve can therefore easily be viewed as if it would contain real twist.

The invention is to be explained in more detail with the aid of a few specific examples but do not exceed the scope of the invention should restrict <,

example 1

A device similar to that shown in Figo 1, in which the loop and twist Einbringvorrlohtung the hollow cone according to Pign _o 5 and 6 was used to a plastic polyamide thread in the form of loops around a core strand of a monofilament of polyhexamethylene adipamld with a Denier of 70 to wickein. The hollow cone consisted of an "Aloan" (registered trademark) aluminum coating and had the following dimensions:

Mean diameter 3 inches (76 mm)

Height 2 inches (51 mm)

Length of the tenon 3/4 inch (19 mm)

Pin diameter 1/2 inch (12.5mm)

Density against air (#) 80.4.

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BATH ORIGINAL

The nylon core strand was pulled off a suitable winding, guided by the guides, the clamping device and the delivery scales, before it was passed through the hollow cone the opening entered and exited through the pin) and then pulled to the winder. After tensioning the core strand, for example to 10 grams per denier, between the delivery rollers and the winder, the loop mass began to build up within the cone from which the envelope component was formed »

For this purpose, polyhexamethylene adipaemide with a relative viscosity of 35 was added through openings of 0.009 inch diameter (0.23 mm) in a spinneret at a rate of 0.05 lbs. Per hour per opening (23 g per hour per opening) a spinning temperature in the spinneret of 273 ⁰ C in ambient air of 2O ⁰ C and 55? ' relative humidity pressed.

One of the polyhexamethylehadiparaid threads was caught by the suction jet according to FIGS. 3 and 4 which was located 18 inches (48 cm) below the spinneret face. The main dimensions of the suction jet were as follows:

Pad ens inlaß; Guide: Inside diameter 1/8 inch (3.2mm)

Length 2 inches (51 mm)

Yarn outlet channel: _M inner diameter 3 / 16inch (4.8 mm)

Length 6 inches (15.3cm)

Injection half angle (o (): 10 °

Air consumption: 15 cubic feet per minute

(425 L per hour).

-51- 909829/1255

-pi-

The air was fed to the suction jet at ambient temperature. Di * air speed, measured by air consumption, was on the required value is determined by the size "3e of the thread inlet and outlet channels, doh" the distance between these two, was discontinued.

The thread was fed from the suction jet at a linear speed of about 15,000 feet per minute (4,570 m per minute) to the cone, which was θ inches (20.5 cm) below the suction jet outlet and was driven by a three-phase motor connected to the pin. % sen was at a speed of 18,000 revolutions per minute

driven"

The cone collected the excess threads in the Form of a randomly deposited mass that contained a large number of loops of various sizes, many of them with their parts along the inner wall of the cone and systems at this. The plastic nature of the thread, which was shown by the subjectively perceptible drawability (for example, the Thread like dough can be deformed between the fingers) facilitated the deformation to loops that held within the cone could become. The presence of the perforations in the KonuBWand allowed the air to escape immediately which the thread was conveyed, and there was little interference the thread loops during and after the thread is deposited.

... / 52 909829/1286

The connection of the core strand with the loops that form the shell » Component forming is first effected by tape by placing the bottom! bearing of the mass on the continuously moving core strand is depressed. Thereafter, the removal of the loops takes place in the form of an enveloping core strand Bundle itself under the tensile effect of the core strand and takes place simultaneous with the accumulation of hatred within the cone. To support the condensation of the loops around the core strand, the composite structure of the core strand) and the bundle of loops surrounding it becomes a stationary one Pipe (2 inches = 51 mm long and 3/8 inch »9t5 mm inside diameter), which is partially inside the cone pin, namely in its axis of rotation, the upper end, doh "the Inlet opening in the throat of the cone is β mm above its apex. The finished core yarn was made at a speed wound at 150 PuQ per minute (46 m per minute) «

The core yarn, which had an approximately tubular sleeve, the one Completely surrounding core strand, had the following properties}

Total denier 113

Regularity of denier

i $ mean deviation) 21.5

Breaking Load (g) 164.3 Toughness (g per denier) 1.5

Denier of the sleeve 43

Twist (turns per inch) 10 Twist factor (sleeve) 0.9

Bulk density (sleeve) 0.16 Bulk factor (36) 0.3

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SAD ORJGiNAL

The single thread? the one hanging in a row, one above the other Lying loops that form the continuous sleeve were spun around the core strand in the plastic state, creating the condensation was facilitated and the good match between the two components of the core yarn was ensured. Within a short period of time, about 30 minutes in a reasonably humid atmosphere, after the core yarn was on the When it was wound, substantial crystallization occurred and the loops forming the sleeve were fixed in place.

The crystallization with the simultaneous fixation of the loops can be accelerated by passing the core yarn through a hot air vortex before it is collected.

There was a good frictional connection between the tube and the core strand, and the yarn was damp and dry a good firmness and a good stability, ie "h" es there was little or no slippage between the tube and the core strand, so that the yarn was stored on the wiokel for any length of time could be. In addition, the sleeve was a sheath, which was stable by trying those of the Kero-3trang to unwind, resistance.

Bas yarn that has the look and feel of a soft cotton yarn was easily dyed, and fabrics made from it were soft and warm to the touch with good Tensile strength and wear resistance.

909829/1255

Examples 2-8

Dae procedure of Example 1 was repeated with certain differences, namely with respect to the speed at which the core yarn was taken up by the take-up device, wherein dor production of core yarn, in which the sheath component of two or three plastic initially polyhexamethylene adipamide mden has been established. '''

In the following Table 1 are the operating conditions under which P the various core yarns were formed and some their properties compiled.

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BAD ORlG ¹ NAL

Table 1

Air consumption ± a emits 15 cubic feet per minute (425 * ■ Ρ * ο minute); Turn »ahl dee Hohlkonuo». 18,000 revolutions per minute; Station & ro Röhio arranged vertically along the axis of rotation} Inlet opening 0.3 mn above the Soheitol ·

!
¹ i 1 i
Fa- 'on- iokel- Ge Core yarn iruoh- Tough ) ehn- Denier- Sleeve Twist By· Building- B&U Thread intrinsic properties I.
I. Double M. 0.0475 -1.
. cn ¹
at the- ϊβ « BBAt- rule load speed bar- value Twist fact nes- schig- achlg- De-] refraction χ L. 0.0500 game aahl chwin- De- moderate (β) (g per speed (Win gate eor- keito- keita- kidney | 0.0490 No- ig- kidney speed De fertilize ver you te fact value 0.0460 time value of * nier) Per stop- (ε pro
cpjn) gate 0.0474 foot/ Denier- Customs) nis (*) 0.0433 nln. worth Sleeve / 0.0433 d> mid- core * * : ■ leror ISO Deviation 0 _t 14 2 200 214.3 chung) 230 1.1 37.8 144 1.65 0.18 0.8 . - 2 2 50 155.3 20.2 180 1.2 34.6 85 10 0.95 0.32 0.8 0.9 3 3 100 333.3 24.3 299 0.36 36.8 763 7.5 11.3 6si 0.36 1.8 0.9 4th 3 150 434 23.6 281.7 0.65 34.4 364 3 ° 4.05 4 _V 6 »1 0.36 ■ 1.7 0.83 5 3 200 323.7 16.3 281 * 7 0.87 34.4 254 15th 2.18 4.2t1 0.17 i »4 0.8 6th 3 25Ο 250 * 3 16.8 246 0.9β 35.6 180 10 1.43 31I 0.17 0.8. 0.85 CD 7th 3 214.3 22.1 185 0.86 28.2 144 7.5 0.99 2.5t1 1.2 1.0 >
O 8th 15.9 6th 1.0 ORIC

909829/125 5

ο cn

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In all examples had an ale thread source used PoIyhexamethylenadipamid an inherent viscosity of 0.882 (measured in 9095 phenol / water at 25O ⁰ G and a concentration of 0 * 5 $) and contained 0.03? " Titanium dioxides

Examples 9 ■ »15

In these examples an elastic yarn in the form of a two-ply polyester urethane yarn (as described in patent application 80,608) having a denier of 280 was wrapped under tension using essentially the same procedure as in Example 1 with initially plastic polyhexamethylene adipaiaxd Yarns The number of threads forming the sheath component and the operating conditions in each pile _9, along with some of the properties of the finished core yarn, are summarized in Table 2 below.

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909829/1255

Table 2 a

Air jet consumes 15 cubic feet per minute (425 X «per minute)? Speed of the cone 1S 000 revolutions per minute; Stationary tube partially arranged in the spigot in the axis of rotation) Aufviekeigaschwiudigkeit 25 $ u & P? O minute (7.6 m per minute)

at
game
Kr » number
the
Threads
for
the
compo
nent Location of
Inlet
opening
the sta
tionaries
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(on over
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of
elasti
ting
Core strand
while
of the
shelleao
W. * 5 5 Denier-
value rule
moderation
of
Denier-
worth Core game attributes toughness
(g pvo
Denier) Stretchy
speed Board"
Retraction
after a
hour
under 50g
weight • Board.
Retraction
after 24
hours
under 50g
weight 1 9 2 8th 200 688 17.3 fracture
load
(g per
Denier) 0.32 109.7 75.3 68.5 10 3 "· 8th 150 885 16.9 221 0.39 131 74.5 71.1 11 3 8th 200 883 13.7 343 0.47 158 72.6 69.6 12th 2 7th 200 643 10.0 411 0.64 i'31 69.3 65.5 13th 2 T 250 736 9.8 412 0.63 120 68.6 65.9 14th 3 7th 200 930 11.9 463 0.69 158 67.7 64.2 15th 3 7th 300 747 20.8 642, 0.64 138 68.1 65.2. cn 476 ! 51 0 5 ^ ο
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909829/1255

ORIGINAL BATHROOM

The elastic yarns according to Examples 9-15 have good draw and repeat from aminen. with the «rich handle, one staple spun yarn. They are particularly suitable for use in fabrics that are blown or knitted Swimwear, hosiery, bras and pajamas are to be manufactured. Me shell components fit around the elastic Core strand in the form of an approximately tubular sleeve that by crystallization of the plastic polyamide threads in their Location is fixed.

Examples 16-22

These examples illustrate the manufacture of an isolated electrical conductor by placing a 36 gauge copper wire with shellac coating with initially plastic polyhezamethylene adipamide threads is wrapped using essentially the same procedure as in Example 1, except for the number of the threads that were used to form the thoracic component.

The operating conditions in the various examples that

The number of threads used to form the sheath component and some of the properties of the insulated conductor are shown in Table 3 below.

9 0 9 8 2 9/1255

BATH ORIGINAL

-60- Table 3

air consumption ic emits I5 cubic feet per minute (425 L per minute); Speed of the hollow cone: 18,000 revolutions per minute;

Stationary tube arranged vertically along the axis of rotation bit of the inlet port θ Em above the apex

At I. Total"· Eüleen « properties Twist By- Bauaohig- • 2 Puffy 3ei- number On = denier Denier- Twist factor peseer- ability- 2 * 3 ability- ipiel the vickel value vert (Win- ver factor 2 density Ir * thread ge fertilize . Misery (#) '2.1 g per con Schwin » Per Cave / 2.2 dig- Customs) core 2.6 speed 2.6 ■ ■ · ■ ■ .'ν- 1 (PuB I. Per 5 min) 2,880 364 3.8 4th P.98, 16 3 100 3.24Ο 728 15th 11.2 0.78; 17th 4th 50 2,880 445 30th 4.4 0.93 Te 5 • 100 3 »15O 607 15th 5.1 5 0.35 19th 7th 100 3,420 849 15th 6.0 20th 7th 100 3.I5O 566 15th 2.5 21 10 150 3,780 1,213 7.5 7.2 22nd 100

909829/1255

Copy BAD ORIGINAL

The sheath component can be made from threads other than polyhexamethylinadipamide threads, and the processes described have also been successfully carried out with the use of bulbs made of different polymer materials as those collected in the rotating pile body; for example, suitable threads from other fan-forming materials were used Get polyamides, for example Polyejsiloncaprolaetam and. Polyomegaaminoundecanonsäure polymeric! Of polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate, celluloses, such as cellulose acetate or triacetate, from polyacrylics _P Viny, vinylidene polymers, polyurethanes, PoIykohlenwasserstoffen and so forth, hetero-filaments and yarns formed from mixtures of Poiymermaterialien can also be used.

Preferred among these polymers are the melt-spinnable, which are stretched during spinning and in the same process, with which they are promoted to the grinding and twist insertion device become α

The thread or threads used in forming the sheath component can be of normal cross-section as received is used when a circular spinning orifice is used during film formation. However, it can also be multilobal Threads and threads with an axial channel can be used in the same way, and they can impart desired effects to the core yarns or the fabrics made from them.

90 9829/125 5 ο.,. / 62

In addition to the foregoing, it should be apparent that the invention provides many advantages. The core yarns and the fabrics into which these yarns are processed have a tendency, due to the nature of the sleeve, to adopt their properties, in particular the feel, the opacity and the warmth, which are normally attributed to yarns formed from spun staple fibers _{or the like} In addition, there are the properties that are inherent in the material forming the continuous threads, for example the abrasion resistance, the good strength and the resistance to rot, which, for example, is inherent in polyamide yarns and fabrics. The core yarns can easily be processed in conventional textile machines and are already closed useful fabrics have been woven and forfeited. Due to the bulkiness of the yarns, fabrics made from them are warm and have good coverage. In addition, the core strand itself can bring with it desired properties, for example high tensile strength, electrical conductivity or elasticity, which the core yarns then also have.

The core yarn becomes easy and economical with one process manufactured in which no complex facilities are required and which are integrated into the spinning of the continuous threads that form the sheath component. In the process Extremely fine denier values of the continuous threads are processed in order to obtain a yarn component with a significantly higher denier value, which forms the centrally arranged core strand

.. ./63 909829/1255

ßAD ORIGINAL

completely surrounds in an approximately tubular sleeve, which in the following processing stages of the core yarn into fabrics stable iat without having to be heat set.

909829/1255

BATH ORIGINAL

Claims (1)

Core yarn, consisting of a centrally arranged core strand and a sheath component, which consists of one or more continuous threads in the form of a multitude of loops lying one above the other, W which are mainly arranged around the core strand in a number of helical turns, the pitch angle of which is in the range between 10 ° and 80 °, preferably between 30 ° and 80 °, so that a continuous, relatively tight, approximately tubular sleeve is formed around the core strand. 2ο core yarn according to claim 1, characterized in that the Sleeve a bulk density between 0.15 and 1 g per ecm, preferably between 0.2 and 1 g per com, a construction. Skill factor less than 10 #, preferably less than 7 $, and has a twist factor between 3/4 and 12. 3. core yarn according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the shell component made of one or more threads in the plastic State, as defined, developed 1st. .. ./65 909829/1255 SAD ORIGINAL Core yarn according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the covering component consists of one or more continuous filament formed from a synthetic organic polymer is ο ο core yarn according to claim 4 »characterized in that the synthetic organic polymer is a polyamide, polyester, a polyhydrocarbon or a polycarbonate. 6. core yarn according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in " characterized in that the sheath component consists of a continuous thread. 7. core yarn according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that that the sheath component consists of more than one, but preferably not more than fifty continuous threads consists. 8ο core yarn according to one of the preceding claims, characterized ₍ characterized in that the core strand is a yarn spun from staple fibers or continuous threads or a monofilament ο the yarn or 9ο core yarn according to claim 8 _9, characterized in that / the Monofaclene is elastic. 909829/1255 ^a " ^{/ S6} BAD ORiGiNAL 10. core yarn naoh claim 9, characterized in that dae elastic yarn is made from a polyester urethane, . for example the polyester urethane according to the parallel Registration 80 608/65. 11. core yarn according to claim 9f, characterized in that the elastic yarn made from an N »substituted polyamide is, for example, the N-alkylated polyamides according to parallel patent application 81 556/65. 12ο Fabric with a core yarn according to one of the preceding claims. 13 ° method for producing a core yarn, characterized in, that a core strand is continuously conveyed under tension through a rotating hollow body in which a freshly formed continuous thread or several such threads as a mass of contiguous loops is collected or, respectively, loops continuously from the Bodies are pulled off in the form of a voluminous bundle which comprises the core strand as a sheath component, and that the core yarn thus formed is neatly collected. 14o method according to claim 13, characterized in that the Collection of loops from which the shell component is formed, 909829/1255 ^# " ^{/ 67} BATH ORIGINAL is formed in that at least one thread from an artificial Polymer material shortly after being pressed out through the opening a spinneret the effect of a fluid jet exposed to the thread or the threads under tension sets and moves them to the rotating hollow body. 15. The method naoh claim 14, characterized in that the Fluid jet elongates each continuous thread in addition to tensioning and macromolecularly oriented. 16., The method according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the fluid used in the jet is air. 17 «Method according to one of Claims 13 to 16, characterized in that that the rotating hollow body iet a hollow cone. 18 "The method according to any one of claims 13 to 16, characterized ~ draws that the rotating hollow body has the shape of a wine glass. 19o method according to one of claims 13 Wlb 18, characterized in that that that bundle of loops through the mouth of the rotating Hollow body is withdrawn 2Oo method according to one of claims 13 to 18, characterized in that that the bundle of loops is withdrawn from the rotating body through an opening in the base. 909829/125 5 ~ SAD ORIGINAL Method according to one of Claims 13 to 20, characterized in that the voluminous bundle of loops surrounding the core strand by force-fit contact with a! guide element, through which it runs, is narrowed. 22 “Device for producing a core yarn, consisting of a device for injecting artificial polymer material rial to continuous filaments from a source therefor, a device with which at least one of the freshly formed P threads are fed to a rotating hollow body which is arranged in this way is that it rotates and serves as a loop and twist inserter, and which is provided with an opening, through which the conveyed threads can enter the body, a device that allows a core strand to pass through under tension the hollow body can be passed, including an opening in the body opposite the opening through which the or «the promoted threads enter, and a facility which can be the same as that used to guide the core strand through the body, but also with which, if applicable the core strand is neatly collected after the core strand with the associated loop bundle dated Body has been peeled off. 23. The device according to claim 22, characterized in that a Conventional lap-forming device in which the winding device a twisting device or a back and forth 9Q9829 / 1 25 5 can be a walking traverse, only the finished one serves that purpose Neatly collect the core yarn, but also the core strand to convey under tension through the hollow body. 24. Apparatus according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that that a stationary hollow guide element, typically a Pühi'ungsring or a Fuhrungerohr, is provided, wherein the Inlet opening is arranged within the outlet of the rotating body or at a small distance therefrom, through the peeled off the core strand and the bundle of loops associated with it v / ird. PATENT LAWYERS DR.-ING H. FINCKE DIPL -ING H. BOHR DIPL-ING S. STAEGER 909829/1255 üAD ORIGINAL