DE1506740B2 - SHIP RUDDER - Google Patents

Description

1 2

The invention relates to a ship's rudder larger than that of the main rudder blade. Before the which is arranged behind the propeller and from the main rudder blade is another one, with this three Parts, a swiveling, centrally or centrally pelte rudder fin arranged as a front guide head, stored main rudder blade μηα each one in front and theirs from the movements of the main rudder blade there is at the rear of this articulated auxiliary fin, 5 dependent control deflections smaller than that of the the auxiliary fins depending on the main rudder blade ind. In a rudder blade shown according to the same side of the same in the example, the front fin is considerable device are pivotable to the propeller. shorter than the posterior fin. The setting of the

By the German Auslegeschrift 1 199 653 Flosse is dimensioned so that it is essentially parein Water jet propulsion for propulsion and steering io allel to the ship's longitudinal axis or only relatively of ships, especially those with a shallow depth, is slightly inclined with respect to this longitudinal axis. at gang, with one in an opening of the ship's bottom of this arrangement with the asymmetrical ship flying arranged propeller pump with vertical rudder results in that the full, from the screw Known wave. The propeller pump is not in the incoming water flow from the ship's rudder a channel in the horizontal part of which two can be picked up and redirected. A not Coupled to one another, in the same direction and endlessly around an insignificant part of this water flow, it becomes outside rotating, rectangular axis lying in its center pass the ship's rudder and therefore none Rudder surfaces are arranged that can cause as wide as the steering power. If a return ejection channel and when driving forward the last downward drive with a strong rudder deflection and a forward piece the side walls of the same form. Furthermore, 20 running screw is generated, but also at a distance of about half the width of the exit - here the rudder blades do not change the control canal swiveled to the side of the front part of each rudder surface through the hard position, but the rudder a fixed guide surface is arranged, the rudder is through the middle position on ■ the other side surfaces and pivot the guide surfaces together.

can act that when the rudder is adjusted, the object of the invention is to provide a three-part rudder, which is arranged in its screw, behind the surface of the ship by 90 ° of the supplied water jet, Direction is reversed. one that can be pivoted about in the middle or in the middle

When the beam is deflected, there are considerable dead main rudder blades and one at the front and one at the rear of the

There are corners that lead to the formation of eddies. sem articulated auxiliary fin, the auxiliary fins

With this rudder arrangement, it is possible to move backwards at 3 ° depending on the main rudder blade

forward travel with forward drive on the same side of the same in the direction of the ship

to generate instinct. Without the rudder being swiveled by screw again, to create the

To swivel the central position, it is possible to do the same by moving upwards with a leading screw

Generation of the side drive on the other ship - steering impulses to both sides of the ship

control page. However, the control pulse is generated at 35 without the rudder when the control is changed

Reverse travel against the direction of travel. must be pivoted through the central position, and

The United States patent specification 2 996 031 describes one without the control impulse against the reverse rudder system, in which the direction of travel behind the propeller acts. The invention is characterized by the fact that the rudder is designed in three parts and the shaft is characterized by the fact that the cross-sectional profile of the auxiliary fin shaft of the main rudder blade is rotatably mounted around the propeller 40 sen in a known manner congruent and facing edge. The auxiliary fins are arranged in a mirror image, and that the main ways neither have the same cross-section on _s nor rudder blade can be pivoted significantly over 90 °, and they are - seen in cross-section - equally laiig. the rudder on both sides of the rudder shaft with three-part flank rudders are arranged on both sides of the propeller shaft in front of the propeller, 45 is formed. .

in which the main rudder blade is around the center longitudinal By such a ship's rudder it is possible axis is pivotably mounted and the auxiliary fins in that in the 90 ° position of the main rudder blade with front cross-sectional profile congruent and mirror-inverted on the end screw a reverse drive through, however, with regard to its side surfaces, it can be strongly guided, because in the 90 ° position one achieves a different surface contour with essentially 5 ° beam deflection in the opposite direction to are designed with the same surface area. The three-screw beam. When swiveling through the part oars behind the screw is due to the 90 ° position are dependent on the respective arrangement the shaft shaft on a longitudinal edge of the movement on both sides equal control forces Main rudder blade can be generated in the angular deflection, with no component of the forces unblocking. The same applies. which acts in front of the ship 55 against the reverse direction. In the 90 ° screw arranged two flank rudders, already the rudder position cancel the rudder forces, so that the The mere presence of the propeller shaft completely relieves the helmsman. With a few between the flank oars. None of the rudders are revolutions on the steering wheel can backover very large Relatively limited angular outboard and starboard forces can be released without impact rotatable. A backward drive with leading 60 from hard position port to hard position starboard the screw is not provided. to have to go. The tax times can be omitted

Due to the utility model specification 1 841 775, the respective hard layer is extremely shortened,

a rudder known for ships, in which the main rudder blade can be turned through 360 ° and behind

Turn the main rudder blade one further as a rudder extension.

additional 65 coupled to the main rudder blade on each side of the longitudinal axis of the propeller

Rudder fin is arranged, whose of the moving is a main rudder blade with the two articulated

control fins dependent on the main rudder blade, which jointly

deflections for better deflection of the flow sam on both sides with the same control forces

Generate swiveling of the main rudder blade through the 90 ° position.

The main rudder blade and the fins are advantageous with joben and below and / or in between end or intermediate disks known per se, whereby the water flow is held together will. A flow around the upper or lower rudder blade or fin edges cannot occur.

The adjustment of the ship's rudder is expedient in such a way that off-center to the rudder shaft of the main rudder blade a stationary disc is arranged around which rings are rotatably mounted, of which arms are firmly connected to these go off, on which handlebars "attack articulated", which are rotatably connected to the auxiliary fins.

One can also proceed in such a way that an auxiliary fin is held by an off-center to the rudder stock Ring can be adjusted, the adjustment of the other auxiliary fin being derived from the former by a linkage is. The auxiliary fin angles of attack are advantageously provided so that with respect to the ship's transverse axis an angle of about 150 to 120 ° can be achieved.

The invention is described below with reference to an exemplary embodiment shown in the drawing explained.

F i g. Fig. 1 shows a double-surface rudder system with the ship's rudder according to the invention in plan view schematically in different positions;

Fig. 2 shows an elevation, for example in section, of the control linkage used in Fig. 1 for the Ship rudder according to line II-II of FIG. 3;

F i g. 3 is a plan view of the control linkage along the line III-III of FIG. 2.

A double rudder system is shown. The arranged relatively close to the propeller 10 Rudders are designed in three parts and consist of the main rudder blade 4, a rear one Auxiliary fin 5 and a front auxiliary fin 3. The connection of the fins 3 and 5 with the main rudder blade 4 is advantageously carried out by means of hinges 6. The main rudder blade 4 is by means of a rudder stock 2 rotatable; the shaft is approximately centered on the main rudder blade with respect to its longitudinal axis arranged. The cross-sectional profiles of the auxiliary fins 3 and 5 are arranged congruently and in mirror image. Furthermore, the rudder is designed to have the same area on both sides of the rudder stock 2 and the Shaft 2 arranged in the center of the main rudder blade 4.

The actuation of the auxiliary fins 3 and 5 articulated on the main rudder blade 4 takes place via a stationary disc 13 through which the rotatable shaft of the main rudder blade 4 passes. The fixed disc 13 is off-center of the rudder stock 2. On the fixed disc 13, two bearing rings 14 and 15 are arranged one above the other, which are guided on the disc 13 and freely rotatable. On each bearing ring 14 or 15, a steering arm 16 or 17 is fixedly attached, which extends in the radial direction from the bearing ring. The free end of the steering arms 16 and 17 is connected to the auxiliary fins 3 and 5 by means of the interposed and articulated links 7 and 8. In the case of the other rudder, the steering linkage is arranged in a mirror-inverted manner. When the main rudder blade 4 is rotated by means of the shaft 2, the hinges 6 move on a corresponding circle around the center of the rudder shaft 2. The rod parts 17, 8 and 7, 16 are taken along. Since the bearing rings 14 and 15 move eccentrically to the shaft 2 around the stationary disc 13, a forced control and pivoting of the auxiliary fins 3 and 5 takes place on the same side of the main rudder blade and in the direction of the propeller 10. In this. Training of the control linkage, each fin is articulated individually. This inevitably results in angles of attack that are not proportional. The relatively large dimensions of the eccentric fixed disk 13 and the rings 14 and 15 rotating around them ensure great stability and a long service life. If the outer fin is damaged, the force is transferred to the off-center ring via the steering arm. Since the ring is freely rotatable, only the steering arms or the steering pins are exposed to the risk of damage. The angles 5 and between the main rudder blade and the respective fin can be designed to be of different sizes in the illustrated example of the double rudder system behind a propeller. In the Darge-Gtellten example, an angle is ö = 141 °, β = 90 ° and ε = 127 °. To achieve a greater deflection of the beam, the angles can also be changed, for example for the angles δ and ε with the. Range, from about 150 to 120 ° at / 3 = 90 °. Predetermined angles of attack can also be used. achieve that the water outlet cross section • between the two oars from the 90 ° position increases as quickly as possible. A relatively fast rudder opening that is as large as possible is obtained by slightly adjusting the rudder shafts and thus achieves a relatively high transverse thrust.

■ - ■ ■ ■ On the main rudder blade 4 and also on the auxiliary

Rafts 3, 5 are end caps on both sides at the top and bottom attached to increase the return forces when deflecting the beam. So above the Main rudder blade 4, the end plate 18 and below the end plate 19 may be provided, which with the Shank 2 are connected. Each auxiliary fin 3 and 5 has an end disk 20 and 21 for itself at the top. the lower end plate 19 can also extend over the area of the auxiliary fins 3 and 5 or as be arranged above. Further intermediate disks can be distributed over the height of the rudder or rudders be attached that are parallel to the end plates. The slices can be horizontal or be arranged differently from the horizontal.

It is useful to have the longitudinal axis of the main rudder blade 4 and the auxiliary fins in the zero degree rudder position 3, 5 to be arranged slightly adjusted to the rear, as indicated by the lines 22 and 23. Through this an easier and quiet adjustment is achieved.

The adjustment device of a linkage can also be combined with that of the eccentrically mounted rings, in that one auxiliary fin is adjusted by an eccentrically mounted ring and the adjustment of the other auxiliary fin is derived from the former by a linkage. As a result, the angles δ and ε can each be kept the same size. In the 90 ° position of the main rudder blade in relation to the ship's longitudinal axis, both fins can assume the same angle of about 135 ° in relation to the ship's transverse axis. The largest cross

Thrust is achieved depending on the drive mechanism for the auxiliary fins at an angle β equal to approximately up to 50 °.

The entire rudder, consisting of the main rudder blade and the two auxiliary fins, should be dimensionally in the area - seen in view (Fig. 3) - with approximately the same side lengths, d. H. roughly square be designed, the height of the rudder between the end plates at least the propeller, Diameter corresponds. The length of each auxiliary fin is about half the length of the main rudder blade.

Claims (6)

Patent claims: 1. The ship's rudder, which is arranged behind the propeller and consists of three parts, one pivotable, about in the middle or in the middle of the main rudder blade and one each at the front and one at the rear This articulated auxiliary fin consists, the auxiliary fins depending on the main rudder blade are pivotable on the same side of the same in the direction of the propeller, thereby characterized in that the cross-sectional profiles of the auxiliary fins (3, 5) are known per se Way are congruent and mirror-inverted, and that the main rudder blade (4) can be swiveled significantly over 90 ° and the rudder on both sides of the rudder post (2) its side surfaces is formed substantially the same area, so that when reversing equal control forces on both sides when swiveling the main rudder blade (4) through 90 ° position can be generated. 2. Ship rudder according to claim 1, characterized in that on each side of the longitudinal axis the propeller (10) has a main rudder blade (4) with the two hinged auxiliary fins (3, 5) is the same control forces on both sides when reversing when pivoting of the main rudder blade (4) through the 90 ° position. 3. Ship rudder according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the main rudder blade (4) and the fins above and below and / or in between with end or intermediate washers known per se (18 to 21) are equipped. 4. Ship rudder according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that off-center to the rudder shaft (2) of the main rudder blade (4) a stationary disc (13) is arranged around the Rings (14, 15) are rotatably mounted, of which arms (16, 17) firmly connected to these (14, 15) exit radially, on which handlebars (7, 8) engage in an articulated manner, which rotatably with the auxiliary fins (3, 5) are connected. 5. Ship rudder according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by an auxiliary fin arrangement (3, 5), for the angle of attack of the auxiliary fins (<5, ε) with respect to the transverse axis of the ship an angle of about 150 to 120 ° can be achieved. 6. Ship rudder according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that an auxiliary fin can be adjusted by a ring held eccentrically to the rudder shaft, and the adjustment the other auxiliary fin is derived from the former by a linkage. 1 sheet of drawings