DE1495296A1 - Process for the production of plastics with improved mechanical and physical properties - Google Patents

Description

DIPL.-CHEM. JOACHIM DRESSLER PATENTANWAJ-Tg r ~ j ng

S KOLN-LINDENTHAL RADERSCHEIDTSTRASSE 3

Dl / Ho; CFK 1Ü5 /

Chemische Fabrik Kalk GmbH, Cologne-Kalk, Kalker Hauptütr. 22nd

/ experienced in the production of plastics with improved mechanical and physical properties

It is known to change the mechanical and physical characteristics of plastics by adding substances to the starting materials from which the plastics in question are made, or by incorporating such substances into the finished plastics. 3o v / irl.on, for example, organic phosphorus compounds or organic halogen compounds in many plastics as plasticizers. Esters of phthalic acid also have the same effect.

.iir ^ e / e improvement of individual mechanical or physical li properties of plastics can also be determined by common Fillers, such as stone flour, chalk, pebble -, '■; i.u · usv /., can be achieved. Such inorganic fillers usually improve the thermal stability of thermoplastic ones Plastics increased, but at the same time the strength

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speed, in particular the flexural strength, of the plastic in question. It is also possible to improve the heat resistance of thermoplastics to increase the fact that the used to produce these plastics Starting materials so-called crosslinkers are added. Organic compounds are used as crosslinkers, which have at least two polymerizable double bonds per molecule, which are susceptible to polymerization Double bonds of the macromolecules of the plastic react to form bridges between the macromolecules. However, this networking usually has an undesirable one Increase in brittleness and, as a result, a reduction in the breaking strength of the crosslinked plastic result.

There is therefore considerable interest in procedures that can be carried out on an industrial scale, with which the essential mechanical and physical properties, such as breaking and bending strength, impact strength and heat resistance, of plastics, such as polyalkyl (meth) acrylates, Styrene, polyesters, etc., can be increased.

It has been a method of making plastics, in particular Polyalkyl (meth) acrylates, polystyrene, unsaturated polyesters and their mixed and copolymers, with improved mechanical and physical properties found by adding organic compounds. Then the monomers polymerizable or polycondensable starting materials or in the polymerization or polycondensation products obtained therefrom organic compounds added or incorporated, according to the type of diphenyls or according to the general formula: ^,

wherein χ is O, Nil, CH ₂ , 0-CH ₂ -O, 90981 1/1233

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According to the method according to the invention, the mechanical and physical properties of plastics can be improved without a deterioration in certain mechanical properties or physical properties of these plastics must be accepted. A particularly good improvement on the mechanical and physical properties due to the organic compounds to be added according to the invention is in the case of thermoplastic Plastics, such as, for example, polyalkyl (meth) acrylates in which the alkyl group contains 1 to 12 carbon atoms can be found in the case of polystyrene, unsaturated polyesters and their mixed and copolymers.

According to the invention, the monomers used for the production of these plastics or their mixtures are before or during the Polymerization or organic compounds or mixtures of compounds are added to the plastics obtained therefrom or incorporated, which, according to the type of DiphenyIs or according to the general formula:

are constructed. In this formula, the χ stands for 0, NH, CH ₂ * 0-CH ₂ -O. In addition to the diphenyl itself, such compounds are, for example, diphenyl ethers, diphenylamine, diphenylmethane, 4,4'-dioxy-dlphenylmethane and similarly structured compounds. If the compounds contain fluorine, chlorine and / or bromine as substituents, they not only improve the mechanical and physical properties but also reduce the combustibility of the plastics produced according to the invention. For this purpose, the halogen content of the compounds to be used according to the invention can be between 1 and 8 g atoms per mole

to halogen. To simplify the description of the invention ο

ex) the cheap organic fertilizers to be added according to the invention are referred to below for short as "dipheny compounds".

* _ ^ Advantageously comprise the art according to the invention, the materials "DiphenylverbindVkngeri" in amounts of 0, ^{{j> 0} to 5.0 wt .- ^ / j, based on the total amount of the "compounds Dipheny" made of plastic and consisting mixture . The optimal effect limit lying within aar claimed limits

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The range of "diphenyl compounds" depends on the type and structure of the plastic to be produced and the "diphenyl compounds" to be added in each case. However, the Diphenylverbinduncen "leaves this for the purpose of the invention optimal Uirkungsbereich easily by simple preliminary _β notice.

The "Dipheny! Compounds" can be used to generate the thermoplastic plastics to be used monomers or Toi! Polymers are dissolved. Ground the mixtures obtained then polymerized by conventional methods. The effect of the polymerization catalysts necessary for this in most cases and activators is in no way diminished by the added "diphenyl compounds". But it is it is also possible to incorporate the "diphenyl compounds" into thermoplastics that have already been completely polymerized. This incorporation is advantageous between mixing rollers or in an extruder or similar device, the plastic being heated to its thermoplastic area will.

The effect of other additives such as UV stabilizers is "not reduced DiphenylveMndungen ^11. Likewise ^ are dyes by the" by the incorporated into the plastics, does not affect diphenyl compounds ¹¹ in their color strength.

In general, additives which do not contain any polymerizable groups act as plasticizers in plastics and reduce most of the mechanical and physical properties of plastics. Surprisingly, the "diphenyl compounds * ¹ to be used according to the invention have exactly the opposite effect, although they too have no polymerizable double bonds. They can therefore be regarded as reinforcing fillers which improve the mechanical and physical properties of plastics.

BATHROOM LOCAL GINAL

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I 3 ρ i

Monomeros methyl methacrylate is mixed with the stated amounts in the table below to "Diphenylverbindunisen" and / j Benzoylperoxii polymerized with the addition of 0.1 'at temperatures of 80 to 95 ° C. The mechanical and physical values given in the table are measured on the samples obtained.

The Vioat number is used as a measure of the heat stability certainly. For this purpose, a needle under a load of 5 kg is placed on the sample in a heating cabinet, its end resting on the specimen

2
Has a cross-section of 1 mm. The sample is then slowly heated, starting from room temperature, so that the hourly temperature increase of the sample is 50 ° C. The temperature is determined as the Vlcat number for the material to be tested at which the sample has softened to such an extent that the needle has penetrated 1 mm into the surface of the sample.

^BAD ORIGINAL 90 9811/123 3

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H 9-5296

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U95296

example

Monomeric styrene is mixed with the amounts of "diphenyl compounds" given in the table below and polymerized to completion at temperatures of 80 to 90 ° C. with the addition of 0.1 ρ denzoyl perojid. The mechanical and physical values given in the table are measured on the samples obtained.

sample Type of trains
set "Di- ■ Share
the "Di- • Tensile strength 2 kp / cm Bending kp / cra Vicat No. phenylver- phenyl speed 1 esuig- number binding" verbi - 2 duns "im * C Arts 350 710 fabric in Weight-2 400 780 J without _ 05 2 Dromiertor Di- phenyl ether 5 760 90 »Nit 70 ;> Br 3 Brominated Di- plieiiy lather 90 nit 70 '/ 1 Br ■

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Claims (3)

Claims Use of organic compounds of the general formula I. in which χ cannot be present or represents 0, NH, CH ₂ * 0 - CH ₂ - 0, to improve the mechanical and physical properties, in particular the thermal stability of molded bodies, which consist mainly of poly-alkyl (meth) acrylates, polystyrene or unsaturated polyesters or their copolymers, characterized in that the molded bodies are 0.5 to 5.0 percent by weight of compounds of general formula I contain. 90981 1/1233 _m U95296 2. Mixtures of organic compounds according to the general formula x- In which χ cannot be present or represents 0, MI, CH ₂ , 0-CH ₂ -O, and, polystyrene, unsaturated polyesters or their Copolyiaerisaten with improved mechanical and physical properties, characterized in _Λ that these mixtures contain from 0.5 polyalkyl (meth) acrylates to 5.0 weight percent of organic VeMndungen the general formula I. 3. Mixtures according to Claim 1, characterized ρ that the compounds of general formula I contain fluorine, chlorine or bromine. 90981 1/1233