DE149102C

DE149102C -

Info

Publication number: DE149102C
Application number: DENDAT149102D
Authority: DE

Description

KAISERLICHESIMPERIAL

PATENTAMT.PATENT OFFICE.

Bei Verwendung von Elektromotoren zum Antrieb von Maschinen und Apparaten mit intermittierendem Betrieb, bei welchen bedeutende Massen zu beschleunigen sind, ist es von Wichtigkeit, die folgenden vier Bedingungen zu erfüllen: Einfachheit der Bedienung, möglichst rasches Anlassen und Anhalten, Vermeidung von Energieverlusten in Regulierwiderständen und WiedergewinnungWhen using electric motors to drive machines and apparatus with intermittent operation, at which significant masses are to be accelerated it is important to meet the following four conditions: ease of use, Starting and stopping as quickly as possible, avoiding energy losses in regulating resistors and recovering them

ίο der in den bewegten Massen aufgespeicherten Arbeitsleistung beim Anhalten.ίο those stored in the moving masses Work performance when stopping.

Die unten beschriebene Lösung erfüllt diese Bedingungen.The solution described below fulfills these conditions.

Nehmen wir einen Motor M an, der eine Maschine oder einen Apparat, der oben erwähnten Art, z. B. eine Zentrifuge antreibt und der von einem Verteilungsnetze mit der Spannung E aus mit Strom versehen wird. Die Erregung des Motors kann direkt vom Netze aus mit konstanter Spannung geschehen, dagegen sei der Anker des Motors derart gewickelt, daß er seine normale Geschwindigkeit unter der Spannung 2 E annimmt.Let us assume a motor M which is a machine or apparatus of the type mentioned above, e.g. B. drives a centrifuge and is supplied with electricity from a distribution network with the voltage E. The excitation of the motor can be done directly from the mains with constant voltage, on the other hand the armature of the motor is wound in such a way that it assumes its normal speed under the voltage 2 E.

Im Stromkreis des Motors M sei eine Zusatzmaschine mit dem Anker A eingeschaltet, welche, von einer beliebigen Betriebskraft, z. B. vom Motor R angetrieben, in einem variablen und vermittels einer doppelten Wicklung umkehrbaren Felde rotiert.In the circuit of the motor M an additional machine with the armature A is switched on, which, by any operating force, z. B. driven by the motor R , rotates in a variable and by means of a double winding reversible field.

Diese doppelte Wicklung besteht einerseits aus einem vom Netze abgezweigten Nebenschluß d^l und andererseits aus einer. Abzweigung d² von den Klemmen des Motors M aus.This double winding consists on the one hand of a shunt d ^l branched off from the network and on the other hand of one. Branch d ² from the motor M terminals.

Der Nebenschluß d² hat die doppelte Zahl Amperewindungen des Nebenschlusses d¹. Jeder Nebenschluß enthält einen regelbaren Widerstand fr¹ r¹). The shunt d ² has twice the number of ampere turns of the shunt d ¹ . Each shunt contains an adjustable resistor for ¹ r ¹ ).

Die Wirkungsweise der Einrichtung ist folgende:The device works as follows:

Bei Stillstand des Motors M entwickelt die vom Motor R angetriebene und von der Wicklung d¹ erregte Armatur A eine E. M. K. gleich E, aber von entgegengesetzter Richtung; die Spannung an den Klemmen des Motors M ist daher Null und der Motor dreht sich nicht.When the motor M is at a standstill, the armature A driven by the motor R and excited by the winding d ¹ develops an EMF equal to E, but from the opposite direction; the voltage at the terminals of the motor M is therefore zero and the motor does not turn.

Wenn man nun im Erregerstromkreis d^l den Widerstand r erhöht, so wird infolge Verminderung der Gegenspannung das Gleichgewicht gestört, es entsteht ein Strom in dem Stromkreis A M, der Motor setzt sich in Bewegung und an den Klemmen desselben entsteht eine Potentialdifferenz. Die Erregerwicklung d² erzeugt nun eine Magnetisierung in entgegengesetztem Sinne von d^l, so daß die Gegenspannung auf Null sinkt. Bei weiterer Zunahme der Wirkung der Erregerwicklung d² wird die Zusatzmaschine ummagnetisiert, so daß sich die Spannung des Ankers A nunmehr zu der Spannung E des Netzes addiert. Der Motor M erreicht auf diese Weise allmählich die Spannung 2 E, die seiner normalen Geschwindigkeit entspricht.If one now increases the resistance r in the excitation circuit d ^l , the equilibrium is disturbed as a result of a reduction in the counter voltage, a current arises in the circuit AM, the motor starts moving and a potential difference arises at its terminals. The excitation winding d ² now generates a magnetization in the opposite sense of d ^l , so that the counter voltage drops to zero. If the action of the field winding d ² increases further, the additional machine is magnetized so that the voltage of the armature A is now added to the voltage E of the network. In this way, the motor M gradually reaches the voltage 2 E, which corresponds to its normal speed.

Claims

In order to stop the motor M , the resistance r ¹ in the magnetizing circuit d ^{1 is} reduced and thereby the magnetizing effect of d ¹ , which, as explained in FIG. 5 above, is opposite to that of d ' ² , is increased. The voltage of machine A decreases, goes back to zero and reverses. If it has become equal to E , the motor M is at a standstill.

ίο To simplify the description, only a single motor and a single auxiliary dynamo is assumed, but it is evident that if several motors M are to be driven, several armatures A can be operated by a single motor R.

It was assumed that the armature or armatures A are driven by an electric motor, but they can also be driven in some other way, e.g. B. be operated by means of a belt from a transmission or from the same power source as the dynamo, which supplies the network with the voltage E. Of course, you can also use the motor M from any source, e.g. B. excite a small battery. j

a) when starting:

I. Period (up to half a revolution). 2nd period (up to the full number of revolutions «).

b) when stopping:

ι. Period ( η to - I

2 /2 /

2nd period

(τ(τ

to 0

It can be seen from this that with this circuit arrangement all the work consumed under normal conditions by the starting resistor or the brake is recovered, either in the form of electrical energy, which is directly released into the network, or in the form of mechanical energy, which to the motor driving armature A or directly to the transmission.

The resistance r ² is not essential, but it allows the equilibrium between the two windings d ¹ and d ² to be regulated.

From what has been said it follows that this arrangement includes the four in question Conditions met:

1. The operation takes place by means of simple handling of a switch which switches on or off the ^{resistance r 1, which is fixed once and for all;}

2. Both the start and the stop occur with a constant current intensity, i. H. in a as short a period of time as possible, regardless of the greater or lesser speed, with which a resistor is operated;

3. the energy consumed in the regulating resistors is very low and practically too to neglect;

4. Regarding the recovery of those in motion. Masses of accumulated work performance during stopping must be ensured that the corresponding work conditions of the network and the valve A are as follows:

Network additional machine A

releases energy absorbs energy,

also gives off energy,

absorbs energy absorbs energy,

the same

gives off energy.

Patrons τ-A ν spRu c η:

Device for voltage regulation of DC motors for intermittent Operation with the aid of an automatically switchable additional machine, characterized in that that the auxiliary machine, which is excited by the mains voltage and driven at will receives a second excitation winding, which is fed by the armature voltage of the DC motor and the first counteracts.

1 sheet of drawings.