DE1485132A1 - Method for sewing lengths of fabric together - Google Patents

Description

concerning procedures for sewing together lengths of fabric,

The invention relates to a method for joining the ends of textile material webs, in particular for sewing the abutting edges together and for heating the seam, see above that a seam is created which does not interfere with the further treatment of the fabric.

which / With certain treatments, the textiles are subjected

need to be, it is often undesirable if a transverse seam occurs in a running web. «For example in the manufacture of woolen cloths, the fabric often comes with a Sharp edge shaved to give the goods the desired surface. A common cross seam disturbs this Shear process, but now, in general, individual lengths of 90-10Om are sewn together with the help of transverse fabric seams. When these seams are near the

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Sohermeseers come, the last one has to be raised briefly so that it sews the threads of the seam durone without idet, so that the creams separate. The closer to the speed with which the goods run through when shearing then a quarter of a meter or more at the height of the seam not sheared and the goods will be spoiled as a result, 80 that substantial losses arise.

Also in the manufacture of layered and covered fabrics, the textiles being calendered ! are subjected to high pressure, the presence of transverse seams with protruding threads leads to great difficulties. If the goods contain such a seam, it must the pressure on the calender or Schiohtwalzen can usually be released for a short time and up to several meters the goods are then not properly calendered or welded, depending on the speed with which the goods are delivered passes through. Even if the seam does not protrude so far that the roller pressure has to be relieved, protruding parts of the seam can have a visible defect in the Cause surface of the coated or layered goods, so that one obtains a second-class product that must be sold at a lower price. For this reason, the producers of such Schiohto or upholstery fabrics often refuse to accept short, by one

°> usual cross seam of connected panels. in

o One can partly avoid these difficulties by ^ avoid covering the seam with adhesive tape, which holds down the upstanding file of the sewing thread. Ouch

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however, the thinnest tape available results in a seam that always noöh au thick is to avoid all of the above disadvantages turn off. In addition, the use of such cover strips is extremely time consuming.

In contrast, the invention represents a method with which the ends of fabrics can be connected in such a way that one of high or protruding parts practically free seam is created without the need for an adhesive except for the adhesive materials used in the Fabrication of the seam itself can be used. '

The butt seams produced according to the invention interfere with the subsequent mechanical and / or chemical treatment of the textiles not at all.

According to the invention, fabric webs are connected to one another by sewing together in such a way that a butt joint is obtained forms using threads, which essentially consist of a first component, which becomes liquid when heated, and consist of a second component that does not become liquid when heated to the flow temperature of the first component still decomposes significantly.

According to a first embodiment of the method according to the invention, a transverse butt seam is included formed a thread that essentially consists of 20 - 70 #

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a first thermoplastic component, in fiber form, which flows when heated, and 80-30 # of a second fibrous component which, when heated to the flow temperature of the first component, neither flows nor significantly decomposes. The thread preferably consists of at least 60 % of the last-mentioned fibrous carrier component, which neither becomes liquid when briefly heated to 225 ° nor significantly decomposes, and at least 10% of a thermoplastic, non-fibrous component which becomes liquid when heated . The finished seams are heated under pressure so that the thread component, which becomes liquid in the heat, penetrates the surface of the fabric, while the non-liquid component is pressed into the surface of the fabric, so that the previously protruding parts of the thread firmly and smoothly into the fabric surface are embedded. This creates a seam that no longer has any parts protruding above the surface.

The method according to the invention therefore enables the To sew abutting edges of textile fabrics in the usual way and you only need a heating device on the pressure can be applied at the same time to ensure a completely flat seam · Surprisingly, was found that in the preferred embodiment of the process, the component which becomes liquid in the heat

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be present practical nor in the very small amount of 1 i "of the yarn weight to achieve the desired results mufl. Also, according to another implementation, no more than 20 # of the hot flow component is required. The exact minimum amount used in each particular situation depends on the adhesion of the selected component, which does not become liquid through heating, to the textile product in question. According to the invention, such small amounts, based on the weight of the goods, can be selected that they are much smaller than those which have to be used as a binding agent when a conventional seam is covered with a tape; then no thermoplastic material can also adhere to the heating device, neither during the process itself nor during one of the following operations in which the sewn-together product comes into contact with a heated surface. In addition, the sewing can be done in a very short time, which of course brings special advantages with standing.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing.

In Fig. 1, a part of two fabric webs 1 is shown schematically, which by a transverse Butt seam 2 are connected, the thread being denoted by 3

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Fig. 2 shows an enlarged cross-section through the piece shown in Fig. 1 along the line II - II. As can be seen from Fig. 2, the fabric 1, which is woven in the usual way from a plurality of warp threads 4 and weft threads 5, connected by a butt seam, in which a sewing thread 6 consisting of two components contains a component 7 which becomes liquid in the heat and which binds the thread tightly to the surface of the goods 1. The protruding parts of the thread 6 are pressed firmly into the surface of the goods, the applied pressure pressing the threads 4a and 5 & at the seam and also the protruding parts of the suture flat so that the seam is not thicker, possibly even a little thinner than the rest of the track.

The method according to the invention can be used for joining woven, knitted or otherwise bound (e.g. felted) textiles. these can consist of natural cellulosic materials, such as cotton, or synthetic cellulosic ones Substances, e.g. rayons, which may have been modified can, or made of wool. First and foremost, the process can be applied to textiles that are not made entirely Thermoplastic materials exist »However, if you choose a suitable thermoplastic component in which to carry out sewing thread to be used, then the one to be sewn

ORiG ^ AL IX3PECTED

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Goods also made entirely or partially from a synthetic one thermoplastic material, e.g. made of ethylene glycol

Terephthalate polyesters, made from nylon or from Aerylaäurepolymerieaten exist. However, fabrics made of cotton, rayon or wool are preferred, especially the latter, since in this case the savings that can be achieved by using the method according to the invention are particularly significant fall.

The thread to be wetted to form the seams according to the preferred embodiment consists of 1 to 40% of a thermoplastic, non-fibrous component in addition to 99-60% of a fibrous component as a carrier. The proportion of the first, non-fibrous component is preferably at least 3%, in particular 3 to 30 %, of the total weight.

According to another, likewise expedient embodiment of the method, the sewing thread contains in a proportion of 20-70 # a thermoplastic fiber-shaped component that is liquid in the heat in addition to 80-30 # of a likewise fibrous component that does not become liquid in the heat, the preferred one The quantity range for both components is at least $ 30 each and in particular between £ 40 and £ 60 each. In a particularly expedient mixture, the components are present in a weight ratio of never 1: 1 (50 s 50 f>) .

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If necessary, the thread can also contain small amounts of other components such as lubricants, waxes, plasticizers, sizes etc. included. Its firmness must of course be sufficient for that which occurs when it comes to cutting and afterwards Withstand tension; even after the thermoplastic component has become liquid when heated, the seam must be able to withstand all stresses that occur during the following operations.

In the first case mentioned above, in which the thread contains a non-fibrous component, it is thermoplastic Component generally present in the form of a coating over the fibrous carrier thread, or it is particularly closely connected to the carrier in that it is evenly distributed over the individual fibers of the carrier component is. In the case of a thread of this type, the fibrous carrier component can be made from a material customary for sewing threads consist, for example, of simple or mercerized cotton or of regular or partially cross-linked Eeyon. Of the Carrier can be continuous (single or multi-fiber) or spun from staple fibers. As mentioned earlier, can the normally non-thermoplastic thread under special circumstances also thermoplastic materials such as nylon or Contain polyester types or even consist entirely of them, with the outer material then being a much lower one Have a softening temperature than the carrier thread itself.

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rather, both components of the thread in the form of fibers are present, the two components can represent different strands of a plied yarn or they can together in de c4 be included in the same strand. The latter form is preferred because it can be used to produce a much better seam than with threads, in which the two main components are present as separate strands of a multiple yarn. Both components can be in the form of continuous fibers or multi-fiber strands; likewise, both or one of them can be used as spun staple fiber may be present.

The term "fibrous ¹¹ " means that the material in the form of a continuous staple fiber or in staple form has the property of a textile fiber, in contrast to films and coatings.

The thermoplastic component of the serving for sewing thread, which is present as either a fiber or a thermoplastic top pull on the carrier component, has a "Vioat" - Flow temperature (ASTM D 569-59, A procedure) at 100-125 ⁰ C; In any case, it must be below the temperature at which the material on which the seam is to be formed decomposes when heated briefly (e.g. 1 minute or less) Form of a plasticizer-containing, partially polymerized fhenol-formaldehyde-909825/0626

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resin or polyurethane or a polyvinyl acetate or butyrate, a polyvinyl chloride, or an acrylic acid or methacrylic acid polymer. Also copolymers are useful.

If the thermoplastic thread component has a fiber structure, it can be made of polypropylene, polyethylene (the latter preferably high density), polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, cellulose acetate and other thermoplastic Derivatives of cellulose or of polyvinyl butyrate, a low-melting type of nylon or other fiber-forming types Polymers consist of a polymer or mixed polymer that is spun and oriented to form the fiber and can be formed into a yarn. The usual plasticizers can be used to improve flexibility be incorporated into the thermoplastic materials. Polypropylene in the form of fibers shows particularly good results Thread component and it is therefore preferred. This fact is surprising insofar as polypropylene in generally does not show good adhesive properties.

Fibrous thermoplastic materials that solidify when heated, such as aminoplasts and phenoplasts, can also be used. In particular, it is used when the panels are sewn together subsequently to be heated, one with a Seam made from non-thermosetting material would be adversely affected. In practice, however, it has

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shown that the fabric having such seams has operations as can be subjected to decating or fulling, at which temperatures at least briefly exposed, which exceed the flow temperature of the thermoplastic component without the seam or the device is adversely affected. The chosen thermoplastic material should give the thread a room temperature give a practically tack-free nature, at least when suitable anti-tack agents are used on the thread are applied so that the thread can be sewn in the usual way.

Is the component that does not become liquid when heated fibrous, it can be present as staple fiber or as a single or multi-fiber strand, as is the case during production of yarns or threads is common in the textile industry. The finished yarn is allowed if it is long enough is exposed to a temperature at which the first-mentioned component becomes liquid, neither soft as a whole will still decompose. If, according to a preferred embodiment, the seam area is heated to a temperature if the temperature is 25 ° or more above the flow temperature of the first fiber component, the second may be Neither liquefy nor decompose the fiber component. The second fibrous component is preferably not thermally

-•.this/. .'.-. ■; / ■
plastic, such as applies to cotton, rayon or wool,

With a suitable selection, however, as already mentioned,

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also nylon types, ethylene glycol terephthalic acid polyester, Acrylic acids and other relatively high melting thermoplastics can be used. This second, Fibrous components should always have sufficient strength so that they are usable on their own Represents sewing thread. Cotton is preferred for this ingredient for various reasons.

In order to improve the flexibility, it is preferable the usual lubricants or plasticizers are incorporated into the thread, which consists of two components. Substances such as paraffin oils, light oils, silicones, etc. can be used for this. Such means are important in the Making a thread that is pliable enough to be used in industrial sewing machines. There the covering Because of the binding effect on the individual fibers, the thread is always slightly hard Lubricant to loosen the fibers so that flexibility is restored. Also many have thermoplastics have a relatively high coefficient of friction and the lubricants are useful to reduce friction when sewing.

For the purpose of producing the coated thread to be used according to one embodiment of the method one conventional sewing thread in an organic or aqueous solution of the chosen non-fibrous thermoplastic Immerse the fabric. After squeezing or

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Centrifuge, taking the desired amount of pesticides should stick, the soaked thread is dried to remove the solvent. There can be solutions or Suspensions of the thermoplastic material can be used. The lubricant desired for the finished pad can either incorporated into the soaking liquid or subsequently applied to the coated thread. is If the selected thermoplastic material is incompletely polymerized, a catalyst can be added to the impregnating liquid add and harden the soaked thread until it is no longer sticky.

As will be shown in the examples, according to a preferred embodiment, a sewing thread is covered with a prepolymer, which, when the thread is subjected to the high temperatures used when pressing in the seam polymerized in situ into a heat-resistant bond. Suitable for this purpose are e.g. End-blocked polyurethanes, i.e. polyurethanes with blocked isocyanate groups as the key group.

When sewing the end edges of the two textile panels connected in such a way that it forms a joint, i.e. a Seam in which the ends do not overlap. This can using conventional induction sewing machines or other sewing devices, or the seam can be sewn from Are hand made

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The web is then a pressure in the seam area

of at least 0.7 kg / cm, preferably from 1.75 - H kg / cm,

ρ
especially subjected to 3.5-7 kg / cm, so that the protruding parts of the sewing thread are firmly pressed into the fabric. The pressure to be applied depends on the softness of the fabric and the thickness of the thread and can easily be determined through preliminary tests. Excessive pressure, which could damage the fabric web, must be avoided and the pressure must be controlled so that only the protruding parts of the thread are pressed into the plane of the fabric surface.

The pressurized area of the web is then heated to at least the flow temperature of the thermoplastic, non-fibrous component, preferably to at least 25 ° above this flow temperature. Which he- ! However, the heating temperature must remain below the temperature at which a noticeable decomposition of the fabric to be sewn or the fibrous support component of the! Thread takes place, so that any weakening of the fabric _ί . or the thread, which could lead to a break in the seam under the stresses occurring during further processing, is avoided. Since the preferred thermoplastic non-fibrous components have a flow temperature of about ■ ·. ,. ; 125 - 200 °, in particular 150 - 200 °, the ??. ■ · -. · -.

Expediently, the seam area to a temperature between

ι see about 150 and 225 ° heated. Is the fibrous

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The carrier component of the thread is also thermoplastic, such as lylon or dacron, special care must be taken proceeded «so that the seam does not come to a temperature at which the strength of the carrier component subsides. However, if the temperature does not exceed 225 ° C., the thread becomes sufficiently strong maintained so that the seam can withstand the following operations undamaged.

If the pressure is applied to the seam with the aid of a heating plate, which is the preferred form of implementation of the method, then the heating and the application take place of pressure at the same time. A device of this type is described, for example, in U.S. Patent 3,000,434.

The time during which the seam is heated under pressure must be sufficient for the thermoplastic component flows through the yarn and into the panel. This is generally a time of less than 1 minute e.g. 2-35 seconds, necessary; it depends in part on the applied temperature or on the flow temperature of the thermoplastic component, but also on the effectiveness of the heating system in question, which e.g. are based on the diathermic principle or simply in one heating Heat conduction can exist. In any case, the flow temperature must of the thermoplastic thread components can be achieved.

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The seam is then allowed to cool below the softening temperature of the thermoplastic component. As a result, the sewing thread adheres or sticks due to the adhesion of the thermoplastic component to the to be sewn firmly to the surface of the fabric, into which it is pressed smoothly by the application of pressure is. The pressure can be released before, simultaneously with or after switching off the heating device.

The following examples, in which the parts and percentages are parts by weight and percentages by weight, illustrate the invention closer.

Production of the sewing threads to be used according to the invention

A 4-ply 30's cotton sewing thread) is padded with a catalyst-containing 35 percent polyurethane emulsion in water (Thiokol D-424JL), so that, calculated on the dry thread, it absorbs $ 30 pestilence, and is dried below 100 °. To make things easier After sewing, waxes and / or lubricating oils are applied.

II

Comparable results are obtained if a 70 percent polyurethane latex is used for the impregnation according to I

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used in a solvent system (Unithane 500) and ensures the same absorption of solids.

III.

One works according to I and II, but uses a 10 percent solution of a thermoplastic, thermosetting phenolic resin (Minnesota Hin. And Man., Type tape) for impregnation. With the addition of plasticizer in acetone; the thread is allowed to absorb at least 30 μl of its dry weight in solution.

Usually you can pull the thread after immersion in the acetone solution through an opening that looks like this It is far enough that the excess solution is stripped off and the desired amount of solids remains. Pie solids intake can also be controlled by adjusting the concentration of the solution in acetone or, other organic solvents. A light-colored, well-penetrating oil appears on the thread while it is being hauled up applied so that a non-sticky, pliable thread is obtained.

example 1

using the twisted yarn produced according to I.

two ends of a pure wool worsted cloth are

sewn together by means of a common industrial sewing machine, that a tight butt joint is formed. Well

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When the seam is completed, the thread is pressed tightly into the surface of the cloth, for which purpose a Heating plate heated to approx. 200 + 4 ° C, approx. 3 »18 cm wide and 1.8,? cm length used with a

Pressure of 4.9 to 5.6 kg / is pressed onto the seam. The printer takes about 35 seconds to heat up. After it has cooled down the seam does not show any twisted parts protruding above the surface of the cloth. The goods can therefore be sheared be subjected without having to lift the cutter in the seam area and without cutting threads will. The adhesion of the threads to the surface of the goods is excellent, so that they can be heated by a Roller press can be performed without threads being detached from the surface and without at the seams sticking to the press is to be feared.

Example 2

The procedure is as in Example 1, but using a sewing thread according to II. Pressing time 45 seconds. The adhesion is good and protruding pieces of thread are not found on any side of the goods.

The procedure used according to example 1 and 2 can be modified as follows:

a) The ratio of polyurethane to cotton in the sewing thread can be varied between 5:95 and 40:60 will.

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b) The temperature of the heating plate can fluctuate between 190 and 225 ° and the heating time can vice versa The relationship to the temperature can vary from 10 to 120 seconds.

c) The applicable pressure range is from 1.75 to 14 kg / cm

d) The fabric to be sewn can consist of wool, cotton, rayon, ethylene glycol terephthalic acid polyester, Acrylic acid polymer or nylon or it can be a mixed fabric be made of two or more of these fibers.

e) In the thread, the polyurethane can be replaced by any polymer that, when heated to about 200 ° hardens to an essentially tack-free state.

f) In the thread, the cotton can be replaced by Rayon, nylon, ethylene glycol terephthalic acid polyester or acrylic acid polymer in the form of staple fiber or in continuous, single-thread or multi-thread form.

Example 3

One works according to Example 1 using a sewing thread according to III. Pressure heating: 35 seconds at about 196 °. After cooling, there are no protruding parts of the thread with excellent adhesion. The thermosetting Components of the thread are hardened under these conditions and no longer soften at 200 ° or higher

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Example 4

When sewing the ends of two pure wool worsted yarn lengths using a common industrial sewing machine you create a tight butt seam with the help of a sewing thread made from a 50:50 mixture.

1.5 χ 1.5 - polypropylene - and cotton staple fibers, which are spun into a single cotton yarn of 40 ^f s and 10 Z - turns per inch, which was then twisted into a four-ply sewing thread with 15 S-turns per inch. Plate size, temperature and pressure as in Example 1, pressing time about 30 seconds. After cooling, the seam does not show any protruding thread parts, so that the web can be subjected to shearing without having to lift the shear knife at the seam or cutting thread threads. The adhesion of the threads to the surface of the fabric is excellent and the goods can be passed through a heated roller press without the threads becoming detached or sticking to the rollers.

Example 5

The procedure is as in Example 4, but a twisted thread made of a 30:70 mixture of 1.5 × 1.5 is used Polypropylene and cotton staple fibers that are spun into a single yarn (yarn number 15's, 16.5 Z-turns per inch) which was then twisted into a double thread with 10 S-turns per inch. Duration of printer heating 30 to 45 seconds. The adhesion is good, but a little less

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than the 50:50 mixture used in Example 4. There are no protruding threads on either side of the web.

Similar to the previous examples, this can also be Process according to example 4 and 5 experience certain modifications:

a) The ratio of polypropylene to cotton can be varied between 20:80 and 70:30.

b) The plate temperature and the heating time, as well

c) the pressure and

d) the fabric to be sewn can be modified as above under b), c) and d).

e) The polypropylene in the thread can be replaced by cellulose triacetate, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl chloride, High density polyethylene or polyurethane, all in the form of staple fibers or monofilament or multi-thread form.

f) The cotton in the thread can be replaced by the plastics listed under f) above.

Example 6

The procedure is as in Example 4, but a triple ^{yarn is used, formed from two threads of 40 1} S - single cotton thread and a thread of 210/35 multi-thread. Polypropylene that are twisted together. The finished seam shows no protruding material with excellent adhesion

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Example 7

Work according to example 4, but use a thread which is made from a No. 30 cotton sewing thread and an 80 denier monofilament polypropylene thread. duration of printer heating 45 sec. Excellent adhesion, no protruding parts.

Example 8

The procedure is as in Example 4, but a 25-ply two-ply yarn formed from a 50:50 mixture is used Viscose and cellulose acetate, mixed and spun together. Printer heating: 45 sec. It will be quite a formed stiff seam, which however has no protruding parts; the adhesion is excellent.

Example 9

The procedure is as in Example 8, but before use the sewing thread is plasticized by padding it with butylphthalylbutylglycolate plasticizer (Monsanto Sanitizer B-16) · This results in a softer, more pliable seam than with the thread according to Example 8, which does not contain plasticizers. The adhesion is excellent here too.

This method of working using a thread containing softener is primarily suitable for sewing together of cotton goods that are to be coated with plastic or processed on soho.

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Example 10

You work according to Example 4, but used for sewing a thread made from two threads of 210/35 (Hercules) multifilament polypropylene and two threads 200/20 (du Pont) multifilament Nylon, twisted with 17 turns per inch. The finished seam is pressed at 205 ° for 30 seconds. The result is a pliable, firm seam that fits tightly against the fabric and has no protruding parts.

Example 11

Example 10 is followed, but the nylon component is replaced through a 200/44 viscose rayon, with analogous results being obtained.

Claims

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Claims (13)

Claims 1. J method for sewing the ends of textile fabric webs together by a butt seam which has no parts protruding above the surface of the web, characterized in that a two-component sewing thread is used to produce the seam, containing at least 30 wt. -Fi a component that neither becomes liquid nor decomposes if it is heated to the flow temperature of the other component for up to one minute, and at least 1 wt .- # of a thermoplastic component whose flow temperature is between 100 and 225 ⁰ C and below The temperature is at which the fabric to be sewn decomposes within one minute, and that the finished seam is heated under pressure to flow the thermoplastic component to at least the flow temperature of the latter, but not so high that the fabric and / or the not thermoplastic component decomposes, whereupon the seam is allowed to cool while releasing the pressure. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the non-thermoplastic component representing at least 60 # of the thread weight is designed as a fibrous carrier, the fibers of which carry a coating of the thermoplastic component present at least in an amount of 1 i> the thread weight 809825/0526 u-27 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the fibrous carrier consists of a cellulosic material, especially cotton or rayon. 4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the non-fibrous, thermoplastic Component is a partially polymerized polyurethane. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the to be sewn Fabric consists entirely or partially of wool, preferably a woolen fabric 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the thread to 60 to 99 1 ° from a non-thermoplastic, fibrous carrier component that ^{does not decompose at temperatures up to about 225 0} C, and 40 to 1 i » from a thermoplastic, non-fibrous component with a flow temperature of about 125 to 200 ⁰ C, which is present as a coating over the carrier component. 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the thermoplastic, non-fibrous Component is a partially polymerized polyurethane and the fibrous carrier component contains cellulose, preferably a cotton thread. 26 1A-27 266 8. The method according to Ansprudh 1, characterized in that the fibrous non-thermoplastic component in the thread represents a proportion of 20-70 $> and that the thermoplastic component is also in fiber form and represents a proportion of 80 to 30 wt .- # in the thread . 9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that both components in the thread one Represent a share of at least 30% each. 10. The method according to claim 8 and 9 »characterized in that the non-thermoplastic Component a cellulose-containing fiber, preferably a fiber made of softened cellulose acetate, or is a cotton fiber. 11. The method according to claim 8, 9 or 10, characterized in that the thermoplastic Component is a polypropylene fiber. 12. The method naoh one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that both components present as staple fibers that are mixed and spun together. 909825 / 052G , "7" J ⁴⁸⁵¹³² 13. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that the textile to be sewn is a preferably wool-containing or is pure wool fabric. 909825 / 052C 86XIII