DE1484511A1 - Process for the production of concrete piles - Google Patents

Description

Iouis MENARD

Process for the manufacture of concrete piles

It is well known that the load-bearing capacity of a concrete pile depends on two main elements, namely the mechanical properties the supporting floor and the design of the supporting shaft. In heterogeneous soils with compressible layers, The concreting process is particularly special in the sedimentation layers through which the groundwater flows difficult.

One is therefore sometimes led to protect the fresh ο concrete by a coat, which by a steel loo pipe or prefabricated concrete rings is formed. This im ^ general expensive coat has the disadvantage of lateral travel

ο «

cn exercise between the stake and the ground.

un The method according to the invention allows in particular

special to increase the adhesion between the post and the ground and at the same time to effectively protect the frame of the post.

According to the invention a hole is made, the diameter of which corresponds to the hen diameter of the pole, which Walls of the hole are held in place in this after A liquid mortar was poured as it progressed is, in the axis of the finished hole a radially expandable cell is placed, which has about the length of the pile, the The diameter of the expandable cell is gradually increased by sending a pressure medium into it, and the Pressure is maintained until the mortar sets, whereupon the cell is shrunk so that it lifts off the walls of the pile, whereupon the cell is completely is removed, whereupon the cylindrical cavity thus formed is filled with concrete.

The inventive insertion and expansion of the expandable cell allows a central one in the axis of the pile To form a hole, which after the circumferential ring has set> is filled with a high quality concrete. The concrete can namely under very favorable conditions for its structural strength to be poured dry. It also allows a quick check of the central hole (checking the tightness etc.) the plague of the continuity and quality of the

^ j circumferential ring.

to The expansion of the cell allows the mortar to

^ squeeze and thus improve its mechanical properties, ο As a result of the normal preload produced in this way, which wäh-ο If the setting of the mortar is maintained, the adhesion between the mortar and the natural terrain is increased.

gert. Finally, this mortar solidifies the terrain in the Circumferential zone, which improves the mechanical properties «

According to the invention, a e.g. helical bandage, the diameter of which is somewhat smaller than that of the hole, can also be used around the cell at the same time is what specifically allows the cell to be held in place.

The helical bandage does not actually play an essential role, but it enables the effectiveness of the system to be increased. Without it, the greatest pre-tensioning pressure would be limited by the resilience of the weakest layer of the terrain, and a kind of rupture could form, which could cause the cell to burst. ^{For the} formation of the bandage, either helically wound sheets made of expanded metal or a corresponding iron frame with a steel part and a corresponding distance can be used, which can prevent local excessive expansion of the cell under its operating pressure in any type of terrain.

According to one embodiment of the invention that poured into the hole as it progresses A small percentage of clay is added to liquid mortar to make the mixture thixotropic, which is the use of Avoids vertical tubes. However, the use of an outer sink tube may sometimes be necessary, in which case this in attached in the usual way but after the introduction of the stretchable

Cell is pulled out before expanding the same.

909819/0505

According to the invention, it is also possible to reduce the cell to its nominal diameter before removing it, Cement milk to pour the cell, e.g. by pumping into the bottom of the hole, and then widening the cell again to press the mortar against the wall, doing this can be repeated several times if necessary.

Furthermore, the inventive method can by the formation of one or more bulbs at the base or at intermediate parts of the length of the pole should be completed. This onion is carried out after the cylindrical cavity is made, before it is filled with concrete «For this an expandable cell lowered to the desired height can be used, or any other device, e.g. known mechanical devices, such as devices for Greet one splitting or an expansion device, which e.g. two shell halves is formed, which are spread apart by a pressure blockeatz. This onion comes with the Filled concrete introduced into the cylindrical cavity and allows the concrete to stick to the ground to be increased and / or on the perimeter mortar.

Furthermore, water is expediently used as a pressure medium to expand the cell. The shrinkage of the cell is then carried out either by opening of the same, such that _o exits the water by inertia of itself, or by

cd pumps, or by introducing compressed air, in particular <° for very long piles.

° The cell is preferably filled with water and

tn lowered with a slight stretch. Your introduction to the cement milk is produced by the presence of the screw

shaped bandage facilitated. Otherwise, various facilities may be provided to facilitate this introduction will. For example, a conical part can be inserted into the lower end of the cell, with the end of a rigid rod, the length of which corresponds approximately to the length of the pole, is hooked with this conical part. Venn the end of the cell to the When the bottom of the hole is lowered, the rod need only be detached from the conical part and pulled out of the hole will.

The application of the method according to the invention also provides various technical and economic advantages, such as knowing that the stem is continuous and due to the presence of the guard ring is formed from mortar through concrete, which is an equally good one Has quality, as in the upper part of the structure. Movements of the terrain and the groundwater troughs can cause constrictions or destruction of the outer shell, as in an ordinary pile, but these deformations are small due to the prestressing exerted on the wall can be detected immediately, especially after pulling out the cell, so that remedial action can be taken before the concrete is poured into the center.

The application of the method according to the invention ·? also has a very significant improvement of adhesion LAT Q ₃ see the pole and the terrain by the enlargment to the to wall normal prestressing and the consolidation of the circumferential

° bottom to pole. This advantage is particularly important with piles cn

° noticeable, in which the lateral friction is an essential Element for the load-bearing capacity, as well as anchoring.

Furthermore, the settlement is due to the enlargement the deformation modulus of the terrain at the side wall and the puss of the pile is reduced.

Another advantage of the method according to the invention is that the pressurization of the cell and the recording of the corresponding deformations form a pressure test on a large scale to measure the mechanical properties of the terrain, as described in French patent specification No. 1,117,983 of January 19, 1955 is described · w Further, in particular, economic advantages are

the following"

- the squeezing out by expanding the cell can be used to pour a very handy mortar, which are easily pumped out from a manufacturing center can;

- as a result of the use of a thixotropic mortar the use of a sink tube can be avoided if necessary. It should be noted, however, that the use of an external Peritoneal tube is sometimes required. You outer vertical tube is then applied in the usual way, but after the introduction the expandable cell pulled out prior to expansion;

- the central concrete can be easily inserted,

ο e.g. by simply pouring out and shaking;

cd - the connection of the head with the structure is

J ^ better.

ν. The invention is described below with reference to FIG

cn the drawing explained by way of example.

Pig. la, 1b and 2 to 4 show the successive

The working steps of the method according to the invention.

Pig. Figure 5 is a section along line V-V of Pig. 2, which means that the cell is attached to the bandage Lowering into the hole shows.

Pig. 6 is a schematic detail view of the lower end of a cell.

To produce a concrete pile according to the invention, a hole 1 is first made, the diameter of which is corresponds to the nominal diameter of the pile. For this, e.g. devices 2 (Fig. 1a) can be used, e.g. a Benotoschrapper, or a concrete point 3 (Pig. 1b) with successive elements, such as rails, beams, etc. 4, be rammed by means of a ram 5.

As the hole progresses, be the walls of the hole held in that a thick cement milk 6 is poured into the hole, which preferably a a certain percentage of bentonite is added, so that a thixotropic mixture is created. The cement milk is introduced in a suitable manner, for example by immediate pumping on the BoIsLochboden. A simple hand-operated Sludge pump suffice. Possibly. an outer sink pipe, not shown, can also be used. ^ After the drill hole has been completed, the

co axis of the bottom (Fig. 2) an iron frame 7 and a radial oo

- »expandable cell 8 are attached · The egg structure consists of co

ο appropriately from a helical bandage, which the

ο should let the mortar through if it is under the action of the cn ^

expandable cell gradually starting from the center of the post is printed against the wall. The bandage should also prevent

that the cell inside expands locally over a certain diameter. The iron framework can be ζ · Β · by a Bandage with 5 mm Suroh knife with a pitch of 4 to 6 cm can be formed. It is also possible to use expanded metal sheets that are wound in the shape of a screw, which is an economical solution.

The cell 8 introduced into the bandage is completely flexible, which makes it easier to transport and insert.

"tert. It preferably has a unit length of e.g. two meters, four meters, six meters, etc., so that the excess length of the cell compared to the stake is small and e.g. is less than two meters · The excess length is prevented from dissolving into an inextensible flexible tube 8a is inserted, the diameter of which is slightly larger than that of the cell.

The tea is filled to lower the expandable cell with a pressure medium, preferably water, giving her a . there is little elongation. Venn, as in the example shown, If a bandage is used, it can be used to lower the cell filled with water e.g. held in place by light clips 9 attached to the bandage 7.! as shown in fig 5. These irons must of course jp can deform when the cell is expanded.

ώ ■. ·

ep V, on the other hand, if no bandage is used, the

• op '' '"

- »Ztlle conveniently by means of a device in Pig. 6 illustrated

^ th way to be lowered · the lower inte of the ropes is on

^ a part of generally conical shape 10 is attached and on fastened to this by any gate direction 11. The part

IG cuts a slanted hole into which the angled

H / ¹ Π ΟΡΌIKAL ■

a rigid rod 12 is inserted, the length of which is at least equal to the depth of the hole. It is then sufficient to use the Lower the water-filled cell by means of this rigid rod and when the conical part 10 reaches the bottom of the hole has to loosen the rod 12 and pull it out of the hole.

The cell is pressurized with a pump of any suitable type, which feeds water into the cell and the volume is measured as a function of the pressure. Under the action of pressure, the mortar is against the terrain pressed and gradually expressed. The pressure is maintained until the mortar sets (two to twenty-four hours depending on the composition).

As soon as the mortar has set, the cell is made to shrink, either by simply opening it for releasing the pressure medium contained in the cell, or by pumping, or even if the pressure medium is water, in particular for very long piles, by blowing in compressed air.

The cell is then pulled out so that a central cavity 13 is obtained which can be examined can, and its good execution can be checked (Fig. 3).

co It is also possible to remove the cell from

■ - »draw back to their nominal diameter (which angeco

^ - the diameter approximates what it "would have when it was with ^ The water that was filled was lowered), cement milk around the cell pouring, e.g. by pumping to the bottom of the hole, and thereupon the cell again too far eli ^ "around the mortar against the

Press wall of the hole.

The central cavity 13 is then filled with concrete 14 in the usual way, with or without reinforcement , whereby a pile (Fig. 4) having the above- mentioned properties is obtained.

909819/0505

Claims (1)

Fttintinipriioh (jy) Method «ur herteilung ▼ on Betonpfählea, 4a4ureh fekennaelcha« t, 4a ·· a hole is made, 4 ···· η Dureha «« eer Aiii 9enndurohaes «er the pile ·« nt epr loht, 4a · · 41 · Vaade 4 ·· Loon · 4a4uroh geaaltea w «r4« n, 4a ·· la 41 ···· aaoh Maßgabeselaee Porteohrelteaa «1a liquid mortar g« £ oeaea is, 4a ··la the Aahae de · Looh · naoa yertlgeteUuag 4 «a« «lben • la · radially dehabere cell is overexposed, the length of which is about 4« r Laagc 4 ·· stake · eateprleht, 4a ·· alllaahlloh der Durea- ■ •••• r 4 «r 4faa | ftrfB Zeil · 4a4ur «A Ter ^ roeeert is, 4a ·· la 41 ···« la Drttokalttal ceeehlokt wir4, «ad 4a ·· 4« r Brazil to Atoladea 4 ·· Mortar · aÄfreeat is obtained, whereupon 41 · IfU · mm 8 «hraapf« ac «is traoht, ·· da ·· · 1 · ei« h τοη the w | a4fa 4 ·· stake · replaces, whereupon the cell is Tolletandig removed «« • up the eo produced · aylladrliiohe Hohlraua is filled. 2.) Terfaaren aaea Aaepruoh 1 ₉ daduroh g «kenaaeiohJMt, 4a ·· 4ea la ff · Looh aaoh Kapgab« aelaea Forteehreitea · «eioeavaea fluaeieea Mortar eia ffria« «r Pros« at «at · Ton ■« «••• tat becomes, 4 «rart, since ·· 4a · for | ff || t | ffft? onlffl | flfi, keaaaeleaaet, 4a ·· «lelehMltlK alt d * r cell« a fit «· hen» tu · land · * · tlüfftHI W | rl _f 4er * a Bar ^ aie.eer about · al · #ff iff IAfM | f || UIfJU ifll »ffIfI ilBFfWiliil Wi alÜifI ₉ ifji ilü iff IfIIf iniioh but fllfi ffflfffi imt ψ item Mfvtlff! § It I fffHiPM iMl MfffMl h ifliFfl v ffiftHMlf IMf ilt Muff ΙΗΠ * tu ltllfi «) M0lfilll | M ' BATH ftrust is formed «which ·· · 1η · η etahlabachnitt has uad • iB «a eolah« a Vlndung «* bstand, that ·· ·· an or ti loh · over-the-air expansion is Ζ · 11 · under your ·· operating pressure bsi bell · · biger Art dta Galan * ·· prevented. 5) Process neon Anapruch 5, deduroh recognized, because ·· dl · bandage duroh helically wound boards au 8treoknetell is formed 6.) The procedure is characterized by a 4-pack 1 to 5 _t daduroh that ·· a complete blegeaae line · ■ It is used for a long time · 7 ·} Terfahren naoh Anepruoh 6, known by the fact that ·· any unrequited length of the lelle opposite the stake daduroh is prevented «da ·· dl · ·· uterine length in a bicgeamen inextensible eye is inteokt, deeeen Durohaeeeer any larger than the £ ell 1st. 8.) After a ·· the Anepruoh · 1 to 7 # dadureh known «pays _{9 for the} expansion of the cell W-nutate Druokalttel Waeeer iet. 9 ·) Y * r approach one of the tests 1 to 8 « dadureh kennselohnet, that ·· su «Rerablateen dar felle dl · ·· old waaeer filled «ad any stretching. 10.) Terfahren aaoh a · «the preexist 1 to 9» ο dadureh gekennaelohnet, da ·· slight lleen dl · IeIIe during co you ·· lerablaeaana hafcen in the bandage. ^ 11) retracts, Naeh a · "fr Anepruehe 1 bie 10, ° daduroh gekeanaelohnet, da ·· daa under «2nd · der lelle on _m a cone part, to which «el · is attached to any woieo, where · 2nd ·« stare in ·· BAD OFIIGiNAL .13. U84511 Stabee, the length of which is approximately equal to the tea stake, old this conical part is hooked, whereby the rod is loosened and removed from the Hole is sucked up when the line hits the ground dee Loohs let me come. 12 ·) Procedure according to one of the tests 1 ble 1 ¹ , because it is known that before the cell is leaned out, the cell is guided onto its racing seawater »that cement milk is poured into the cell, and that the cell is poured from there new widened «us dea mortar against the wall • u print · 13) method according to one of claims 1 ble 12, daduroh gekennseiohnet, daee naoh production dee cylinder Cavity · and before its filling concrete, one or more bulbs at the vues or at the two points of the long dee Pile · are formed. 14 ·) Method nnoh Anapruoh 13 »daduroh marked that door formation of the onion one on dis desired Deep lowered expandable cell is used. 15 ·; Procedure naoh Aneprueh 13 »daduroh gekennseiohne t» daee the onion duroh seohanleohe facilities is formed. 16.) The method of one of the NaOH AneprUoho 1 ble 15 »» gekennseiohnet daduroh as ·· the cell ^ ₀ or duroh pump is moved from Sohrumpfen by simple opening. ay 17.) Procedure based on the ¹ Anepruohe at 15, - »daduroh known that when the cell expands, old water ^ the shrinkage is caused by compressed air. IB ·) Method according to one of claims 1 to 17, This means that there is no risk of deformation of the cell ORiGiNAL CONSTRUCTION their Unt "rdruok""tfluncaufc" noaa "n were" at · 1η · M "eaung d" r aeohanlsohtn Klg * nechnft "n dea deland ·· su" rh * lt "n. 9O98 19 / 05ÜS