DE1479084B2 - PROCESS FOR CONSOLIDATING THERMOPLASTIC PLASTICS THAT CAN BE CONSOLIDATED BY RACKS - Google Patents

Description

3 4

Since the direction perpendicular to the intended line / "of length b is the length-shift direction successive macro-change
molecular plastic particles only an imaginary c = b - α,
Form fiber.

Good consolidation values can be achieved if 5 results in a stretching
according to a further proposal of the invention

a temperature just below the crystalline _c

linen melting point is worked. R = 100 (° / o)

According to the method according to the invention, ^a
polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, poly- io

butylene, poly-4-methylpentene-1, poly-3-methylbutene-1 results. This process provides an orientation for the

solidify with good success. With particular advantages of plastics, which are the ones mentioned at the beginning

It can be part of polyethylene, polypropylene and thermoplastic materials that can be solidified by stretching

crystalline copolymers of ethylene and plastics in conjunction with compliance with a

des propylene are used. In addition, 15 below, preferably just below the

However, it can of course also be suitable for solidifying the crystalline melting point

of other crystalline plastics, such as. B. Poly stretching temperature in the desired, depending on

amides, polycarbonates and polyesters, used size of the displacement more or less large

will. Solidification expresses itself, as in the case of the application

According to a further proposal of the invention 20, FIGS. 2 to 5 performed tear

may have proven the shift and thus the search for solidification.

in a single or also simultaneously or in the application example according to FIG. 2 are between

one after the other two, preferably perpendicular to one another, see the planar inserts 4 and 5 or 4

standing directions are made, with and 6 two likewise flat plastic plates 7

the method according to the invention arranged both for itself 25. The shift in the layers of the

ER alone or in combination with one of the loading speaking accommodated temperature plastic)

known procedures, namely before or after this follows here by shifting Appendix 4 against /

or can also be used simultaneously with this. about enclosures 5 and 6 by means of a corresponding

To achieve the most uniform possible increase in force P in the direction of arrow 8. To between

It is advisable to fix the plastic to the 30 plastic plates 7 and the enclosures 4, 5 or

To carry out the shift in such a way that two on each other 4, 6 achieve the required static friction,

the following layers are at least approximated by the one under normal pressure N ,

same path and all layers in the same direction, but at an unchangeable mutual distance

be shifted to each other. inserts held from each other on the plastic

The inventive method is applied to hand 35 plates 7 a pressure so that this, as explained in more detail by the drawing below. It the arrows 9 indicated schematically, with a specific fishing pressure ρ of sufficient height evenly loading

F i g. 1 is a simplified representation of the processes involved,

Using the example of a plastic cuboid, the attachment 4 is moved by the force P in the direction

F i g. 2 in a schematic representation the application of the arrow 8 with respect to the enclosures 5 and 6 around the

tion of the method according to the invention for equal-stretching shifted to the right, this has to

early solidification of two planar art result that the plastic plates 7 in parallel

pieces of fabric in one direction each, layers shift in layers in themselves so that

3 shows the application of the invention - its front and rear end faces 7α and 7 &

Method for solidifying a tubular 45 according to a simplified assumption finally corresponds to

Plastic part, according to the dashed lines 7 c or

Fig. 4 the same with a molded part which run according to Id . A single fiber / experiences

a longitudinally oriented extrusion process produces a change in their position

is placed, and the dashed line / 'and according to

F i g. 5 the same for a tube which, according to a simplified assumption, shows a change in its

other longitudinally oriented extrusion process con-length from α to b, so that with unchanged

is produced continuously. Cross section of the plastic plates 7 perpendicular to

According to FIG. 1, the plastic cuboid 1 is again stretched in the Rieh displacement direction
direction of the arrow shifted in layers so that

its area 2 or the schematic and exaggerated 55 _c

uppermost layer 2 ' R = - 100 (%)

their spatial position in relation to the surface 3 or the ^a
also schematic and exaggerated

illustrated imaginary lowest layer 3 'around the results.

Amount s changes and two not shown. It is clear that the same effect results if there are intervening, successive layers only half the distance s to the right, in a corresponding way opposite one another and at the same time the two Enclosures 5 and 6 can be shifted around the other. Shifted to the left by half the distance s. Planar vertical fiber shown schematically / so it is clear that not necessarily two art of length α experiences a change in their 65 fabric plates 7 must be stretched at the same time, position and length according to the dashed line, but rather that each of the plastic lines / '. According to a simplified attachment 7, stretched by means of two enclosures would take accordingly, which in turn can be indicated by dashed lines. Furthermore, even without further

5 6

teres that the arrangement shown is not circular on an outer ring 11 and mandrel and outer ring Displacement of the supplement 4 in the direction of arrow 8 are arranged concentrically to one another, but that limited. This could be in the direction of their planes if not at the same time or subsequently about yet Extension is of course to take place at the same time or also a consolidation in the longitudinal direction, a then in a second, preferably for the cylindrical design of the mandrel and outer ring Direction of arrow 8 perpendicular direction is by no means a prerequisite. The solidification in be moved. The circumferential direction can of course also be used

For example, the arrangement shown could achieve when about the inner surface of the also as a section through the one skin of several on-outer ring or the outer surface of the plastic against each other arranged flat circular rings perceived io rings and / or the inner surface of the plastic ring are, the enclosure 4 then opposite the or the outer surface of the cathedral from one to the fixed enclosures 5 and 6 or also the other ends conically widened or also were 5 and 6 tapered compared to the fixed attachment 4.

or both the enclosure 4 and the enclosure 5 As can also be easily seen from the drawing,

and 6 on opposite sides or with a 15 can be, provided that the one another Differential speed to the same side in contacting surfaces of plastic and dome or Circumferential direction are rotated against each other. Outer ring are circular cylindrical, with the one shown

As one can easily see from the figure, the arrangement in place of the solidification in circumference, can the shifting of layers also then be carried out in the direction or in addition to this, if .die plastic plates 7 and 20 achieve consolidation in the longitudinal direction by dome and Enclosures 4, S and 6 in the direction of displacement in the outer ring in the axial direction are dashed against each other indicated manner are rotationally symmetrical, the stretching in are torically curved. The prerequisite for this is the circumferential direction and, if necessary, the longitudinal direction only, that the vertical distances between device both simultaneously and temporally on one another Have inserts and accordingly the thickness of the 25 made below.

Plastic plates in the direction of displacement or according to FIG. 4, based on the example of the manufacture of a

in biaxially solidified case, which is exactly the same on one side, which is exactly the same to this parallel tracks, is large, that is, the displacement takes place in equidistant, special one shotgun shell, in the course of a track. In contrast, the mutually based single work step and by means of a single generating tool and plastic surfaces transversely to the tool, the application of the direction of displacement according to the invention can be applied essentially as desired be coaxial. Of course, in such a case a cylindrical bore 15 of the tool part 14 of displacement is possible, for example, in a mandrel 18 rotating about its axis in the direction of arrow 8 and in the perpendicular second direction not or 35 concentric to bore 15 cylindrical Bohnur only possible if the inserts and plastic ration 17 of the tool part 16 of the plates in the axial direction also run flat in this direction or displaceable punches 19 are arranged,
Are rotationally symmetrically curved, the plastic one above the dome 18 in the cylindrical

So plates practically parts of a cylinder or a bore 15 or 17 inserted, not shown tempe hollow sphere represent. 40 ured plastic tablet is when the

According to FIG. 3 between the dome 10 and the punch 19 in the direction of the arrow in the outer ring 11 shown, plastic ring 12 is, as indicated in the space 20 between the rotating by the arrows 13, by a pressure ρ dome 18 and the fixed outer shape 14 and evenly loaded so that pressed between the inner surface of the flat end face of the punch 19. With the plastic ring 12 and the mandrel 10 'on the one hand 45 the approaching of the punch 19, the plastic as well as the outer surface of the plastic ring 12 and thereby with continuous change of its shape and the inner surface of the outer ring 11 on the other hand the dimensions initially essentially in longitudinal direction to the layer displacement of the plastic in self-oriented until finally the molding process along concentric paths required adhesion has progressed so far that there is friction between the plastic. The layer shift is 5 ° space 20 essentially completely fills, which is achieved by the fact that the outer ring 11 and the base of the mandrel 10 exerted on it by the punch 19 are rotated relative to one another, pressure at the same time increasingly against the one of the Both parts are fixed and the other mold walls moving relative to each other can be arranged rotatably, but it is also pressed, after reaching a sufficiently large two parts in the opposite direction or even 55 static friction between the plastic and the wall of the bohm with a differential speed in the same direction 15 on the one hand and can be arranged between plastic and rotatable. As in the figure the outer surface of the dome 18, on the other hand, is shown relative, when the movement of the mold walls is rotated, if necessary with an outer ring 11 relative to the dome 10, the position changes to a certain delay and with the same and length of a fiber / to f, whereby the remaining wall thickness finally shifts in the desired circumferential orientation of the plastic and thus, layer-like device in itself, so that again under the condition of the suitable as in the example of FIG. 3 explains the material-material and the observance of a suitable temperature fiber oriented in the circumferential direction and elongated, temperature of the same, also the desired solidification, ie the plastic is also achieved in the circumferential direction, ie in the circumferential direction. 65 solidified transversely or perpendicular to the longitudinal orientation

How easy it is to use the figure, and not just in its cylindrical shape can make clear, it is necessary that the part, but also in its circular disk-shaped Outer surface of the dome 10 and the inner surface of the bottom part.

7 8

Of course, this can be described above. . -

bene molding process also carried out in the way! .. example

be that the mandrel 18 is initially stationary and only shifting layers on polyethylene plates
is then twisted or set in rotation when

the ram 19 is already completely closed, so that two plates made of polyethylene with an additive, the longitudinal and transverse consolidation of 2% carbon black, a molecular weight of about, follow one another in time. _{Incidentally, it} is also 100,000 and a melt viscosity η τίά = 2.4 and here again to say that the described dimensions 50-80-5 mm were in an arrangement, with both the longitudinal and transverse - tion according to FIG. 2 between roughened supplements preparation a considerable solidification of the plastic was achieved together with these to the stretching temperature of fabric, neither heated to a cylindrical 125 ° C. Under normal pressure from the formation of the sleeve shaft to a level of 200 kp / cm ² , the inserts were restricted in the direction of their flat surface. For example, the plane extension could be designed to be roughly or roughly spherical by means of a force P = 2400 kg acting on the middle of the sleeve shaft, also widening conically downwards, and the bottom 15 could be shifted 2 cm against each other,
conical, spherical or similar arched on one or both sides.

The method according to FIG. 4 can, for example, strengthen from about 240 kp / cm ² to 490 kp / cm ² .
but can also be modified in such a way that

the mandrel 18 closes during the pressing process, d. H. this 20 ο η · · 1

the ram forms the punch 19 during the 2nd example

Pressing process, however, in the closed position still- production of biaxially solidified

stands. If necessary, this could be done on the training shot shell cases
The use of a special stamp 19 is also dispensed with

that is, parts 16 and 19 could be moved into a 25 _fl \ I
integral part are united. It is clear that

the intended biaxial stretching here again - A tablet made of polyethylene with an additive

to be achieved both when the mandrel 18 is made of about 2% carbon black, a molecular weight of about

rotates during the feed, as well as when 100,000 and a melt viscosity η _{τί <} ι ^ι - 2.4

it is only set in rotation in the closed position up to the supercrystalline area, d. H. to 140 ° C,

will. temperature controlled and in a cartridge heated to 70 ° C

According to FIG. 5, the mandrel sleeve shape is arranged in the outer ring 21 in accordance with the arrangement according to FIG. 4 given. A also heated to 70 ° C are formed so that they form a gap 23 with one another mandrel, which had a moment of inertia of about 0.04 kgm ² , which had a large width nozzle-shaped 35, was with a pressing force of about 61 and narrowed to a small width. The on the side of a speed of 660 rpm and a stroke large gap width by means of a speed (not shown) of about 100 mm / sec in the press or the like. Retracted under a pressure ρ in the direction of the arrow.

The supplied plastic experiences as it passes through. During the pressing process, the speed was increased

the gap 23 with a simultaneous decrease in the transverse 4 ° of the dome due to the material friction with increasing

Cutting dimensions a longitudinal orientation and ent- Immersion depth of the dome in the fabric as well

speaking of the wall caused by the pressure ρ by its viscosity increase due to the

adhesion between carbon on the one hand and the cooling that occurs until the

indicated by the arrows, in the circumferential direction of the dome at the end of the pressing process

relative to each other rotated parts 21 and 22 45 brakes.

on the other hand, by shifting the pressure layer in layers. The holding pressure time was about 10 seconds. To

Plastic in itself longitudinally circular in itself expiry of this time, the sleeve was replaced by an in the

closed tracks an orientation and thus form located unlocked bottom opening through

Solidification in the circumferential direction, the latter being expanded

Cross-sectional dimensions not affected. 50 The sleeve produced in this way had a considerable

It goes without saying that the biaxial hardening takes place here as well.

Plastic kept at a suitable temperature, the strength measured on the sleeve shaft moved the pressure ρ and the temperature in the best possible way in the longitudinal direction about 1100 kp / cm ² and in the transverse way can be matched to one another. direction about 600 kp / cm ² , compared to the original. In addition, the mandrel 22 could be along the dashed 55 240 kp / cm ² in each of the two directions,
th line 24 in a fixed part 22 a and

a rotating or rotatable part 22 δ under- φ move Π
be divided, with which the desired consolidation

could also be achieved. A tablet of the same composition was in

This combined longitudinal and transverse orientating 60 given the same shape and in this on the for Solidification process can be both discontinuous in form and substance at the same temperature of 126 ° C as well as continuously and is suitable, d. H. until just below the crystallite melt therefore especially heated for the continuous her- ticle.

position of biaxially stretched tubes in a single Then the press dome, whose swing

umpteenth work step and by means of a single work torque ^{was 0.04 kgm 2} , at a speed of

stuff. 660 rpm and a speed of about

To further explain the 100 mm / seconds according to the invention, retracted into the mold. the

A few more examples follow. Dome speed was set during the pressing process

following material friction braked down to the value zero, which is reached approximately in the axial end position of the dome became.

After the mold had cooled to about 80 ° C., the sleeve was able to pass through an unlocked opening in the bottom be expelled.

10

Considerable biaxial solidification of the cartridge case could also be demonstrated with this method. The longitudinal strength of the sleeve shaft was about 1100 kg / cm ² and the transverse strength was 500 kg / cm ² compared to a strength of 240 kg / cm ² in each of the two directions.

1 sheet of drawings

Claims (7)

1 2 For this purpose, a number of patent claims based on the application: of tensile and compressive forces are known, by means of which a stretching of the plastic 1. Process for solidifying by rec- both in one and at the same time or nachken solidifiable thermoplastic plastic 5 to each other, preferably perpendicular to each other fen, characterized in that the standing lines of action are made Plastic at one below its crystalline can. However, these methods can only be used at the melting point turn the shift when the temperature to be treated, i. H. to be stretched is shifted like in itself, so that perpendicular material already at least one dimensionally Displacement direction successive io mendes tool happens, so already a more or Plastic molecules are found in parallel, less advanced stages of manufacture Direction of displacement extending paths has enough. In addition, with regard to this Verbewegen, drive to determine that during the stretching 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the process is perpendicular to the stretching direction indicates that the working temperature only reduces the cross-sectional dimension of the material. this a little below the crystalline melting point has z. B. in the biaxial stretching of tubes for of the plastic in question. Prerequisite that the pipes before stretching 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, are thereby already produced with very high accuracy, characterized in that the shift in shifts because otherwise there is a risk that the takes place in a single direction. 20 Place the smallest material thickness a local entry 4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, thereby adjusting the lacing and consequently the pipe characterized in that the layer shift at this point is under the internal overpressure at the same time or one after the other in two preferential widening or that it even tears open. aside from that wise mutually perpendicular directions, these known methods also have the he follows. 25 disadvantage that an intended solidification, 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 at least one biaxial consolidation, not in the course to 4, characterized in that one single and in particular final shape following layers can be achieved in the same direction against each other, which in many cases, however, is shifted will. especially in the production of molded parts 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 30 rotationally symmetrical dimensions and for example 5, characterized in that two each also in the continuous production of successive layers around at least approximate tubes of any length from both technolo- gy avoiding the same path against each other as well as for economic reasons will. part and therefore would be desirable. 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 35 The invention is based on the object of a to 6, characterized in that one another is a process for solidifying thermoplastic synthetic materials To create outer surfaces of the plastic materials, in which the form to be solidified under Pressure load, but no retention of your body perpendicular to the direction of displacement mutual distance through evenly about changes in its dimensions that the surfaces distributed in this introduced adhesive 40 to no special shaping process, such as e.g. Friction forces on opposite sides to extrusion process, is bound and at an in are shifted parallel to each other. its final dimensions already existing moldings, can be carried out without changing them.
45 According to the invention, this object is achieved by solves that the plastic at one below his crystalline melting point lying temperature is shifted in layers in itself, so that perpendicular consecutive to the direction of displacement The invention relates to a method for converting 50 plastic molecules in parallel to one another consolidate by stretching consolidatable thermo-displacement direction extending webs plastic Plastics. because. In contrast to the known methods of a large number of thermoplastics, the method according to the invention is based on one materials, for example the polyolefins, polyamides, fiber elongation by shifting layers, i.e. dar-polycarbonates and polyesters, we know that they are 55 on that the particles of two successive left by stretching more or less solidify adjacent plastic layers against each other. The degree of their solidification will primarily be pushed. through the absolute degree of stretching through which the term shifting of the layer is intended The stretching speed and the stretching temperature, of course, not in the sense of shifting certainly. Secondarily, however, fabric additives also play a relatively thick, successive layer Stabilizers, lubricants, dyes, etc. be understood a th, but rather in such a way that each Role that the consolidation - even if only in different parts of the one and the same plane or surface small extent - increase or the macromolecular plastic particles in first cheek can reduce what is necessary kung direction of the plane or surface compared to the by the first-mentioned factors in most of the 65 in the neighboring planes or areas Cases, however, can be completely compensated, since one verder in lying macromolecular plastic particles Practice generally cannot be pushed to the limit. Likewise, the term fiber der possible stretching. elongation can only be understood in a figurative sense