DE1471182A1 - Method and apparatus for applying electrothermal energy to a conductive composition - Google Patents

Description

G 1U64

Great Lakes Carbon Corporation, Hew York / New York (V.Üt.A.)

Process and installation to reduce the amount of electrothermal energy Energy Dei a senior

Composition.

The invention applies to new methods and Devices for the continuous production of baked or graphite carbon bodies or simultaneous significant reduction in time and cost, which is normal

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wise to produce such baits) he appropriate size are required, while at the same time bodies are created with a structure and properties that match those that can be achieved with conventional methods are far superior. The invention is generally a new method and device for applying electrothermal Energy in conductive devices and compositions that will be dealt with later.

The invention provides a method for applying electrothermal energy to a conductive mixture or composition, according to which said mixture is constantly and mechanically conveyed into and through a heating zone in which the mixture is heated by the electrical current passing through it, the moving mixture forming a resistive element in a closed electrical circuit, and after which a constricting force is exerted which seeks to counteract the axial movement of the mixture as it is being treated.

While the process is in motion, the electrical resistance of the carbonaceous masoe is im Bag circuit quite large and changeable, rtach the Establishing stable operating conditions, and since the process is carried out continuously, however, remains the case electrical resistance of the carbonaceous mass in the Baking zone is essentially constant and relatively moderate

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great. In addition, the resistivity of the carbon-containing ones leads to the lead "Leave in any part of the back" Circuit with aer time essentially constant and decreases by several orders of magnitude (e.g., 3rd of approximately 1ü: 1 to about 5uu: 1) along the feed path, when the material changes from the high to the baked changed state.

üDWühl the invention relates particularly to the continuous baking and / or graphitizing processes used, regardless of the state of affairs, whether compacting or shaping of the treated cash is required by pre-forming or pressing, etc., however, at least partially and essentially continuously Compaction of the carbonaceous mass. This is done by applying an axially acting mechanical force to one (the rear) end of the mass and shaping and constricting forces to the mass as it moves through the device, with this essentially continuous compaction during the process closely related to the heating of the cash register. If the "iioh ¹¹ -mass (uie 'usually consists of a preheated, loose, otrangpresafable mixture or from pre-warmed u'xiu preformed" cabbage "is) the ocher solidification area ouer uie ochliJiuhase of compaction or solidification uie passes through, uie is in the body one

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almost plastic state, adapting to the cross-section the facility in this district enabled or facilitated. Depending on the cross-section of the chamber, the Mass a circular, irregular, square, rectangular uder have a different cross-section. As will be described later, the cross section also be tubular if with external equipment uder the Method one or more mandrels are used,

Preheating of the carbonaceous "high" feet is generally desirable and can be accomplished in a number of ways, ζ.Δ. by using a freshly prepared loose mixture or by surrounding a mud chamber and / or press mold with coils through which hot gases etc. are passed. After such a general pretreatment of the mass, and, if this is passed through the device, a heating takes place in a very particular way, using a closed electrical btrorakreises in which the carbon-containing mass is a resistance element, uel this heating, the raw mass substantially carbonized and made stiff and self-supporting. Before this state is reached, however, means are provided which support the mass during the transition from the raw state to the rigid state, the shape of the mass being essentially retained

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has accepted in the ÖchluUveriestigungs district.

Equally essential to the process is the application of a restricting, compressive force to the mass (which suitably ct by aen extent or its baked Part is transmitted through), if this is treated in the device, what force of the axial movement Counteract uer heated masoe through the establishment seeks. On the other hand, or in addition, on the graphitized part of the mass urid / oaer against the front At the end of the mass there is an inhibition or hindrance will. The total height of this "back" back or reverse thrust is variable and can be different v / may be exercised as will be described later; in any case, this pressure or ochub is not so great that let the movement of the!. u by the device stopped weu, which movement is essentially continuous, and on the other hand not so low as to the formation to prevent a strong structure of the machined and heat-treated mass.

. The invention will now be described in detail, in the drawings below is the

Fig. 1 is a partially schematically illustrated vertical section through the device, oei the combined Back and graphite contact unu an independent "friction brake" for the one marked with "F"

_ΛΛΛΛΛΛ BAD ORIGINAL

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—Ο ™ "

Back pressure is used _y

Fig. 2 is a vertical section through a modified device, in which the mass is only passed through the baking stage, and also the commissioning the facility and the insertion of a "starting dab" is shown,

FIG. 3 shows a vertical section similar to FIG. 2 through a device for producing baked Bodies which have a larger cross-section than those of the sludge chamber of the extrusion device,

FIG. 4 shows a vertical section similar to FIG. 2 through a device for producing baked bodies with a tubular cross-section, wherein an external "Rühmaterial" contact is also used is, and wherein the electrical current through the carbonaceous mass is essentially in axial seal flows, while the mandrel opposite the raw material contact consists of an insulator,

5 shows a vertical section similar to FIG. 4 through a device with a different electrical device Circuit, where an inside and an outside contact is used, so that the current through the carbon, Substance-containing mass flows essentially in the transverse direction, while "downstream" there is no baking contact

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is provided,

6 shows a broken section through a device similar to FIG. 2, in which other embodiments of raw material contacts used in detail are shown in the sectional drawings 6a and 6b along the line 6a-6a in Fig. 6, in each case the flow through the material to be baked is essentially axial However, the direction also flows partly in the transverse direction, i.e. between segments in the figures 6a and 6b, which figures also show that the treated mass is circular, square, may have a rectangular cross section, etc. depending on the shape of the extrusion die and the oil chamber,

7, 7a, 7b and 7c (correspond to FIGS. 6, 6a and 6b) each have an electrical circuit in which the current in the substantially radially or in the transverse direction with respect to the axis of the moving carbonaceous Mass or in relation to the feed direction of the material to be treated flows,

Fig. Β is a vertical section through a device similar to that shown in FIG. 2, in which a in uegmenten split otromzufiihrungsplatte (Fig. 8a) is used, W ₄ Ooei means of the associated electric circuit of the kohlenstuffhal-

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-solid mass over several contact points on the circumference Variable electrical currents are supplied, which arrangement apparently without any difficulties The facilities shown in the other figures are used and adapted to you can,

9, 1U, 11 and 12 each show a representation of some yuerschnitte of & baked and / or graphitized materials produced according to the invention can be, and the

Fig. 13 is a diagram showing that the molded and heat-treated mass is divided and into several products can be shaped.

According to Fig. 1, the device generally has four zones, namely a forming zone, a baking zone, a graphitizing zone and a cooling zone. The molding zone comprises a piston 1, a piston rod 2 for driving the piston, an oil chamber 3 and a reduction section 4. The chamber 3, together with the section 4, forms an extrusion mold. This can generally have any shape, a reduction section or an expansion section or auoh a constant cross-section z.ü. eylindris & or rectangular. A loose or extrudable carbonaceous mixture can be introduced into the aforementioned zone, which has also been previously extruded or pre-formed.

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The otrangpressforin is γοη surrounded by the heating coils 5, which maintain or increase the temperature of the carbonaceous raw material 6, which is periodically entered into the mold, and which is pressed essentially every hour from the vault 1 in the baking zone. When the mass is passed through the device, it undergoes several softening during the transition to the baked and graphitized form. Although it can not be specified, where it begins jeue .änderungen or ceases, it can still be said generally that the lwctSöe to vun an unbaked ^lt raw "state of (6), either in a loose mixture or .b'orm in the form of a coherent, compacted lump, to a uniform, uniformly compacted, stiff or baked state 8 and then changed to a graphitized state 9 or to a state in which the mass has a significantly lower physical resistance than in the baked state Changes in the carbonaceous mass are carried out in a very short period of time, with part of the mass to be treated undergoing some kind of change, namely from the raw state through solidification to the stiff or baked state, while another part of the mass moves from the baked into changes the graphitized state, etc., all of these changes being simultaneous with respect to the various given parts

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the same carbonaceous mass.

The one used to effect these changes
Device has a very special structure, especially the entire arrangement for converting the raw mass into the
baked mass or, in general terms, the arrangement that supplies electrothermal energy to the conductive mixture. This is carried out in such a way that the mass or the conductive mixture is electrically heated, wooei also separates the mass as a resistance element in the electrical
Circuit is switched on, which is used to heat the mass. According to FIG. 1, the electrical circuit for the baking zone has the secondary winding 13 of a
Transformer, the power connector and the contact 14, which is in direct contact with the carbonaceous mass while it is in the raw state and in stages 6 and 8 between the power contacts 14 and 15, as already described, and between the otromanschluss and the Contact 15, which is in direct contact with the carbonaceous mass, which is essentially baked and becomes rigid. Because of the essentially continuous movement of the masoe through the device, this is a
Permanent condition, ie the single-current connection always has contact with the "raw" mass, which has a very high electrical resistance, and a current connection is always in contact with the one much smaller electrical connection.

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tric resistance baked mass. Although the carbon-containing mass that is switched into this electrical circuit represents a non-uniform resistance at any point in time, since it is composed of a material with very different resistance (e.g. the resistance of the material at level 6, the step 8 and the material between these two steps), the total resistance remains essentially constant during the process * These relationships apply to most of the changes encompassed by the invention, namely always
when the otrom is essentially in the axial direction
flows. In the case of an electricity flowing essentially radially or externally, the total resistance of the mass between the electricity connections is also essentially constant;
however, the two power connections themselves are in contact with a material having essentially the same properties.

It is also important to include means in the baking stage to allow the volatiles that have been driven out of the baking mixture to escape
as well as agents that cause a significant solidification or compression of the mass during the transition from the raw state to the baked state. The kuhlenstofi'haltigen mixtures to be baked generally consist of
a carbonaceous or a carbon aggregate,

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z.ü. Graphite particles or calcined petroleum coke particles and a pitch binder. The binder disintegrates during heating and baking, with part being expelled and part being converted to carbon in the skeleton. According to FIG. 1, the volatile constituents are drained off in the direction of the supply and escape through the outlet 12. These volatile components

can
Components VTrPuie Ambient air vented or collected for further treatment. In the device shown in FIG. 1, the friction brake 16 exerts an inhibiting effect on the body to be treated. This inhibition is not so great that the movement imparted by the piston 1 of the mass is stopped, but is sufficient to oppose this movement with considerable resistance, as a result of which baked carbon bodies are produced with high density, low porosity and low permeability. The container 11 represents a chamber for sirbeiohen the volatile substances, an oxidation of the mass to be packaged is prevented and an excessively strong quenching of the newly baked mass is kept small.

It should be noted that the lining elements of the device, which is to be treated with the Masoe successful in touch, e.g. elements 10, 14, 15, 16 ' and 18, are to be substantially completely flush with one another, so that straight and real cylinders or straight and

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accurate rectangular otanges, etc. can be generated. These Alignment is important to prevent uneven distribution of the electrical otrum and undesirable abrasion ouer will rent an uneven pressure distribution. Because of The material is essentially based on this orientation constant measurements produced, uiiq a wake-up line not applicable or is only required to a small extent «

i / hen desired, uie device or method may be arranged so that the treatment after baking enuet (uie suitable for this arrangement is shown in the UNU ö .Figuren 2, 3, 4, 5), the method may UAER the üurch Graphitization step are continued through, as shown in FIG. Within these two possibilities, changes to the facility are still feasible.

rjach the Fig. 1, the bumped mass 8 by the Device routed and becomes a resistive element in an electrical graphitizing circuit. This circuit contains the secondary winding 17 of a transformer, the .itromkontakt 15 (the one shown in this figure special arrangement belongs to both the baking circuit and the graphitizing circuit), which are essentially Constantly moving carbonaceous mass between junction contacts 15 and 18 when the Maaae leave the

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Baked state 8 transferred to the graphitized state 9 is, unu the otromkontakt 18, which is with the graphitized Mas.se 9 is in direct contact. The contact 15 can be called "Dtronj ^ auf ^ -Graphitierstromkuntakt and the contact 18 as "otromub" -Graphitierstromkuntakt are called. These contacts are suitably made of graphite.

Although the resistance of the initial part of this one ütufe heat-treated mass is much smaller than that Resistance of the carbonaceous "Hoh" mass, so is too the time in which the carbonaceous mass the otromabtStrumkuntakt 1β is reached, the resistance is considerably reduced compared to the resistance in the vicinity of the current contact 1?. In other words, stays in the baking circuit the resistance of the heat-treated mass is essentially constant, but has at the different parts respectively a different value.

flat heating the mass to the desired temperature the mass is pressed through the cooling zone and cooled to a temperature at which the mass is resistant against the attack of the air. Before and between the Strora contacts 15 and 18, the ground is isolated 19, which consist of carbon black, for example Thermax (a registered trademark of R.T. Vanderbilt Company for finely divided coal) or from another

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refractory material surrounding or being surrounded by heat-resistant materials, ζ.Δ. Graphite 19a or steel 19b. The insulation (e.g. 19a, 19 and 19b) is not in contact with the heat-treated compound and the space in between is filled with an inert gas, e.g. with nitrogen, which can be admitted through the inlet 2ü. The nitrogen is also let into the cooling zone through inlet 2Ua and into the backbone through inlet 2ueb.

The cooling zone completes the completed part of the device and has a high temperature conductor 21, for example graphite or copper, which is connected by the cooling pipes 5 <J is surrounded. The cooling tubes can be made of copper and are cooled by water. In the cooling zone are suitable Insulating materials 11d and 11e provided, uie exclude the air and prevent electrical short circuits. the Insulators 11, 11a, 11b and 11c shown in FIG. 1 and in the other figures have the same function.

After cooling to the desired temperature, the material can then be placed on a run-off table or in a tub and then cut to the desired length.

Electrical circuits and back pressure arrangements can also be used can be used, which differ from those in Fig.

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1 shown. Instead of the common

away

Power contact 15 can also have separate power jack contacts and upstream graphitizing contacts can be used. Furthermore, there is no need for an independent friction brake 16 of Fig. 1 to be used. Instead, the back pressure from the downstream baking contact and from the upstream graphitizing contact. The in Fig. 1 and on Power contacts shown elsewhere are cooled by water, e.g. with the aid of the cooling tubes 25. Furthermore A single power contact can also be used as a downstream contact and an upstream graphitizing contact as a friction brake can be used to exert a back pressure counteracting the movement of the material.

FIG. 2 shows an arrangement in which the method is carried out only through the baking stage. It is also shown the introductory arrangement of a starter plug 4-ü in the device. The stopper is long enough so that it can be removed from the raw material or contacts 14 up to or to the back current contacts 22 or beyond them. Then the procedure in still started in a descriptive manner, whereby for Temperature recording devices are used for control purposes. The back pressure is provided by the water-cooled Power contacts 22 exercised.

ORIGINAL INSPECTED

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3 shows a further arrangement suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention. Here, instead of a reducing section, a diverging or expanding section is used. The back pressure: or reverse öchub is exerted by the contacts 28 and the baking process is carried out in that already described wisely initiated. In this embodiment, a loose ilohgemiach 6 used. Ks is advised the shape of this figure depends on its inner shape The shape of the Koh mixture is a small circular one Cross-section starting from a larger circular cross-section or starting from a circular cross-section can change into a rectangular cross-section, the one dimension smaller than the circular diameter and the other dimension is larger than the circle diameter, etc.

4 shows the applicability of the method up to the production of baked carbon tubes, with this arrangement the raw mixture 6 is pressed around a mandrel which can consist of a conductor 29 and an electrical insulator 34. The thorn is held in such a way that it remains stationary when the crowd wanders away from it. The mandrel creates a centrally located cylindrical hole in the carbonaceous raw mass to be treated, and the mass solidifies to form a tube after leaving the insulator 34. Well

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In this figure, the Backstrora path also runs through the transformer winding 13, via the current contact 14, through the hollow mass 6, the intermediate mass 7 and the baked carbonaceous mass 8 to the contact 28, which also has the task of exerting a back pressure on the heat-treated mass. In order to regulate the electrical current, the length of the electrical insulator 34 and the point at which the insulator contacts the conductor portion 29 of the mandrel can be varied. (These and other possible changes will be dealt with later). After the initial mass has traversed the cooling zone and left the electrical insulator 11d, an air-impermeable cap 11c is placed on the end of the tube, which prevents air from penetrating into the hollow, central core of the mass during the main part of the heat treatment. A stopper can of course also be used instead of a cap. The inlets 2üa and 2üb are intended for a non-oxidizing or inert gas, eg N ₂ , in order to clean the system and to prevent oxidation during the work sequence. The center hole of the tube can also be cleaned with an inert gas.

It should be noted that the device shown in this and other figures can be used without difficulty can be supplemented by a graphitizing stage, which on the other hand can also be omitted in other systems. ■

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In an arrangement for producing baked Carbon tubes, the electrical circuit of which differs slightly from that shown in FIG. 6, the current from the Transformer winding 13 can be routed out to two "upstream" back-current contacts, i.e. to conductor portion 29 of the mandrel and to the power contact 14, then through the raw mass, the Intermediate ground and the baked carbonaceous mass and finally back via power contact 28 to the opposite end of the transformer winding. The ladder part 29 of the mandrel and the power contact 14 can be connected to various taps on the transformer winding 13 so that various voltages can be applied to the elements mentioned. With such an arrangement the current path runs partially transversely (through the raw ground between the current contact 14 and the conductor part of the mandrel) to the mass and mostly axially through the mass to power contact 28.

In another arrangement there is no external upstream baking contact used like the contact 14 in FIG. Instead, one is supplied with electricity from within Mandrel (29) and a substantially axially extending circuit used by the transformer winding 13 from over the Durn at 29, over the raw mass, the intermediate mass and the baked mass 6 - 8 to the downstream Baoketromkuntakt: 28 and then leads back to the transformer winding 13.

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FIG. 5 shows an arrangement similar to that shown in FIG. 4, but in which there is no downstream baking current contact is used. The current path does not run axially but primarily transversely and radially and through the carbonaceous mass between the mandrel at 29 and the current contact 14, which two elements from the transformer winding 13 can be supplied with power. The clamp exerts the required back pressure, but is in the counter-, set for the arrangement according to FIG. 4 is not supplied with power.

Figures 6, 6a and 6b show various electrical circuits for the raw ground contacts, which circuits can be used in the baking phase of the method and all fall within the scope of the invention. The arrangements can be used in baking and graphitizing or just in baking. FIGS. 6a and 6b represent sections along the line 6a-6a in FIG. 6 and show further transformer circuits. According to FIG. 6a, three curved segments 14 and a three-phase auxiliary transformer 13a, 13b and 13c are used and according to FIG. 6b two linear contacts 14. In the cross section according to FIG (Fig. 1) of the extrusion mold are designed so that a rod with a rectangular Uuersohnitt is produced, while the uu section according to Fig. 6a is assumed

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• it becomes that the links 3 and 4 produce cylindrical otanges. Insulators 34 are used to separate and support the contact segments. In both cases, the current path leads from the transformer winding 13 via the current contacts 14 (part of the current path runs here c ± outside through the material), then axially through the itoh mass, the intermediate mass and through the baked mass and back over the above the current contacts 22 and finally back to connection "B", the current path going off from windings 13a, 13b and 13c according to FIG. 6a.

Figures 7, 7a, 7b and 7c are similar to Figures 6, 6a and 6b, but have different electrical circuits on. According to these figures, the currents flow essentially radially or transversely with respect to the heat treated Material and not axial, it being understood that the contact or contacts 22 have no connection with the transformer winding or windings 35 or, according to FIG. 7o, with the windings 35a, 35b and 35c.

FIG. 8 corresponds to FIG. 2 and shows an arrangement for regulating the currents which are passed through the carbonaceous material to be treated. By means of the adjustable resistors 42, 43, 44 and 45, the thickness can of the current are determined corresponding to the to the ötromkontaktsegmenten 14 _a, 14b, 14c and 14d (in the Fig. 8a, which is a section along the line 8a-8a in Flg.

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is), which segments in turn are in contact with the periphery of the material and the strength of the Determine the current that is conducted to a given part. Of course, the number of used oegmente and their shape can be changed. E.g. three or eight segments are provided and .these can curved or rectangular depending on the particular Thickness of the material and its shape, etc. To separate the power contact segments from each other, electrical Isolators 47 (Fig. 8a) are used. Temperature recording devices are arranged at suitable locations to measure the temperatures in given areas so that the amperage can be increased or decreased when required so that a uniform heat treatment of the material takes place.

By suitable and variable arrangement and use of the insulators, the circumferentially supporting and delimiting members, the mandrels and the extrusions, the carbonaceous mass to be treated by heat can be provided with almost any desired cross-section. The cross-section can be regular, e.g. circular, tubular, square and Reohteok-shaped or also irregular, as shown in FIGS. 9, 10, 11 and 12. It can even be divided into several extruded, heat-treated slabs, as shown in FIG.

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In order to achieve a good degree of efficiency in the treatment of the mass by the device, are made by the converted from the "raw state" to the "baked" state carbonaceous mass very strong currents passed through it. Speeds of approximately 6.3 mm are typical to about 76.2 mm per minute and currents having a magnitude of about 600 amps. to about 2000 amps. through the essentially constantly moving masses can be passed through (e.g. for a cylindrical material with a diameter of 50 mm), although also higher speeds and higher current densities can be used depending on the dimensions of the material to be thermally treated and other prevailing operating conditions. Because the heat generated in the mass is a function of the square of the current flowing through it and of the resistance, so because of the very strong currents and especially because of the consistently high resistance of certain parts of the carbon-containing Ground in the circuit (at least a part of the Masae in the circuit is always in the "raw state" and has great resistance) in a small portion of the carbonaceous mass, very large amounts of Generates heat. Because of this extraordinarily large amount of heat, which, in relation to the moving mass, is almost instantaneous occur, the state of the mass is changed very thoroughly within very short distances. This allows the Production can be greatly accelerated.

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This rapid transition from the raw state to the baked state is the cause of the creation of a place in the facility. In this district, those contained in the treated carbonaceous mass become volatile Substances expelled and / or carbonized quickly. With uneven Significant arcing can occur with resistances. Furthermore, gas pockets and absorbed Air etc. cause minor explosions in the treated material and a poor quality. Likewise, a The surface may pitting, or charcoal may build up, which leads to increased growth Unevenness of the current leads. The applicant has Jedooh found out that all of these difficulties are of minor importance when the prevailing one Relationships, e.g. the speeds or the amounts of mass handled by the device, the type of mass used or treated mixtures and their resistance used to heat the carbonaceous mass electrical currents, the forward and back pressure are observed and complied with. With appropriate appreciation of these factors, the carbonaceous materials in considerable quantities, with high efficiency and machined and heat-treated with the least production difficulties, with a product in the largest quantities and

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• the highest quality is brought up.

In order to achieve these goals it is very important that the facility is started up in the correct manner. A starting plug 4U (FIG. 2) made of a suitable material, for example graphite, is used in such a way that, when the device is pressed against the plug, a thin layer of the high mixture is located between the plug and the current contact plate 14. The current is then passed from the contact plate to the starter plug and the thin layer is heated in the process. After the temperature of the device and in particular the temperature of the mass in front of the current contact plate 14 has risen sufficiently high, normal charging (or the constant movement of the carbonaceous mixture) can be initiated. If the workflow is controlled from the start, a material with a good structure and reproducible properties can be produced without difficulty; however, it is actually impossible to control an operation or produce a material of the desired quality when arcing and / or channeling occurs.

If this occurs or there is a likelihood of this, the electrical contact plate 14 can be divided in electrically separated from each other sections, as shown in FIGS. 8a, wherein to each waste

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For example, by setting the Hegel resistors (42, 43j, 44 and 45 in FIG. 8) accordingly, a different voltage is applied. Temperature measuring devices such as the four thermocouples arranged symmetrically in the baking transition zone in the vicinity of the contact plate 14 are then used and continuously checked during the work process in order to monitor the uniformity of the current distribution and to prevent arcing.

The power contact or the plate 14 is to be made of a material that carries the electrical current well conducts. The contact should also be smooth and resistant to abrasion. Materials such as copper and steel were successful and stainless steel are used.

In order to control the process, it is also important to provide suitable materials for the holder 10 in the transition part of the baking zone and for the spacer element 47 in the divided current contact plate. The materials used for each of these purposes can often be the same. A material that is particularly well suited for these two tasks, should have good mechanical properties abrasion resistant, and should be in particular a goods electrical insulator at relatively high temperatures (1400 ⁰ C) to be. With success, materials such as Transite (a registered trademark of the Johns-Manville Corporation for an asbestos-cement ceramic) became pourable

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refractory materials and refractory coverings are used.

According to the invention, the body can be in any desired Length to be made. Since the "downstream" part of the facility is open at the end, so is the The length of the product produced is actually unlimited. Diea stands in strong contrast to other methods of the Heat treatment of carbon bodies in which the size of the product due to the dimensions of the shape or the Furnace etc. is limited.

The continuous movement of the baking mass through the device is caused by an axial mechanical force, which is exerted on the mass from behind in the direction of movement of the mass. This mechanical force can be practiced in different ways e.g. by means of a snail, or by means of a rapidly moving one Pistons or by means of pistons with a very rapid reverse stroke compared to the forward stroke. The from The pressure exerted on the mass by the axial mechanical force can vary within wide limits. These Pressures are generally in the range of about 7 to 42G kg / y.cm and are sufficient to substantially maintain the mass to move steadily regardless of the back pressure, which is always less than the forward pressure and exerted against the mass , if this is dealt with in the facility. (The values given for the pressures are only examples

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without limitation.) This back pressure is generally between 0.7 kg / sq cm and 280 kg / sq cm and can, as already mentioned, be exercised in various ways, e.g. circumferentially or (preferably) circumferentially or also axially against the movement of the mass, e.g. by means of a hydraulic piston, which is against the front end the moving mass is directed. If the back pressure is exerted on the circumference, then the in the drawings means shown and already treated are provided, which are preferable in themselves, or the back pressure can also be applied by friction from an elongated reducing or non-reducing die. The theoretical upper limit of the back pressure is determined by the resulting strength of the baked Material and the lower limit of the pressure required to equalize the pressure, the is generated as a result of the degree of volatiles being expelled from the carbonization of the binder.

The relationship of the two forces to one another is such that the baking is special for the one to be treated Mass is achieved to the desired extent, and the mass is actually under considerable back pressure baked while an electric current is passed through the mass. The consequence is not just a beneficial one continuous process, rather it will

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'also creates a high degree of impermeability in the product .

For a better understanding of the inventive concept and that used in the description and in the claims Printouts should now be dealt with in detail.

The terms "perimetric" or "circumferentially, circumferentially", regardless of whether it relates to the shaping of the mass or to the friction "braking" are used mean forces that are circumferentially or work around the body or on its sides, regardless of whether the body produced is a circular, tubular, square, rectangular, hexagonal, octagonal or any other geometric cross-section having.

When it is said in the description that the mass moves steadily or continuously, it is so generally meant that the carbonaceous to be treated Mass is constantly moving at a rate of about 6.3 mm to greater than 76.2 mm per minute (With the exception of a negligible short period of time that the piston needs for the cuckold stroke during the loading of the equipment with the use of a hydraulic ram) when the mass is being baked, and that on one end of the "raw mass" of one

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axially acting mechanical force exerted essentially Continuous movement is also transferred to the mass in the baked and / or graphitized state will.

By the expression "almost plastic" it is meant that the mass has or reaches a state in which it is can closely conform to the shape of the chamber in which it is located, especially when the mass is solidifying or compressing is under pressure. In the case of mixtures of the kind that are treated according to the invention, the carbonaceous Mass is put in this almost plastic state after it has reached a temperature between approximately 20 C and has reached about 350 C.

As can be seen from the drawings and the following examples, there is a "solidification" or "compression" the mass, while this is almost plastic, is held in an extrusion facility in which the loose filler material is compressed and the cross-section reduced, for example in the device of Fig. 1, while in use the device according to Figure 3 an expansion of the transverse section a loosely filled material takes place ο When using a device according to FIG. 4, solidification takes place in the form of a union of deformed Preabarren or a solidification in which a loosely filled material with a tubular cross-section is provided, etc. (A solidification of the mass also takes place during the baking phase, since the binder so shrinks and

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H71182

coked and because of the back pressure that is against the moving Mass is exerted, and which compresses the particles of the mass tightly). In other words, the expression "Solidification" is intended to encompass any process by which the carbonaceous mass or preformed ingot compacts odex can be made relatively uniform or homogeneous.

The solidification of the mass, during which the mass ^{M is made} almost "plastic", takes place during the extrusion of the mass by a reducing or compressing section or compression mold or a non-reducing compression mold or an expansion section or compression mold or also in a mold in the one This type of solidification, which, as described above, is preferably carried out continuously, can also take place in a special shaping unit, after which the shaped mass is continuously baked in the manner described above a movement of the mass on all sides or fronts is never completely prevented; however, such a hindrance can occur during molding and during a large part of the solidification e in another form,

909810/0513

sixth isomer iwssrt ^ aaig dwnöii j £ te Jtorici & ijs? £ wmßb.

SFEE iAusjäariißfce "Baoäse» · ¹ * Easter intended to "mean that tile Icöiileii3t" i £ jaiait4jge ^so: it (K & earhitRt "aj Ä _t> they äaß

tels awf ei »e Teapejcatuöc, teed- der ddbeifeiSi ^ B nlciit

jfcaat plastiscb upper »nterterjtlt branch.

at ώβΒίδϊΐ the one above

Äaadexupgen take place, although of course also outside of the year Areas of the lying heating systems are available can be

In the various zoa of condemnation, the

Teaptexaturen vary greatly · For example, give SiCN uxe below 5 emperaturbe3feiche?:

Foriazftne 20 ⁰ C to J50 ° C

Baok zone 125 ⁰ C to 130 ° C

Graphitization zone SQO ⁰ C to 29P0 ° C

Cooling zone 29PO ° C to 3QU ° C

Temp Typical when cutting 400 ⁰ C to 25 ° C temperatures of the material are Xn d "r

«Oae 125 - 350 ⁰ C, in the baking zone 500 - 130 ⁰ C, in 4 units

Graphitizing zone 2500 - 3uOü ° c and in the Kü / b & RQÄe 300 -

BATH ORIGINAL

900810/0513 ^:

ν · ■.

-33-

The carbonaceous mass or the mixture to be baked generally has a large electrical Resistance on. This resistance is a function of the composition as well as the speed with which the Mass traverses the device and the pressures and temperatures used during deö Formens, The Resistance is much greater than that of the mass after baking · And according to the invention, this forms resistance material in all cases an element of a closed electrical circuit. In other words, the The device used generally does not need the stream to follow any other path than through part of the unbaked mass that is turned into the circuit as a part. The process can be carried out with direct current or ϊ / echselstrom can be carried out. The circuit is on purpose not chosen so that the current, while the process is in progress, flows through electrical conductors, the surround or in the carbonaceous "raw" inasse are embedded and conduct most of the electrical current. The circuit is also not chosen so that the current flows primarily through baked carbon rather than through the almost plastic carbonaceous mass flows. In none of the above options does the current flow primarily through a predetermined one better guiding path, and the loose or

909810/0513

compacted carbonaceous raw mass is not mainly baked by conductive heat from these electrical currents but by resistance heating · According to the invention, the generation of heat by means of resistance heating of the almost plastic carbonaceous mass is an essential and indispensable attribute of the process and that used to carry out the process Furnishings. This is very important. The thickness of the unbaked carbonaceous mass connected to the electrical circuit or the distance that the current travels in the unbaked material is variable and depends on the type of circuit (either axial and / or transverse, etc.) » on the arrangement of the current contact, of the amount and speed of the material passing through the device, of the currents used, etc .. Apart from the fact that, according to the invention, an electrical current is passed through the constantly moving carbonaceous mass while it is in the unbaked state and in particular one has very high electrical resistance, according to the invention, currents with a very high density flow through this carbonaceous mass with a high resistance. Because the heat generated in the mass to be baked is a function of the square of the current flowing through it and the resistance, and because of the strong force used

909810/0513

ab *; bestf * aajyg, gjsjSen WA & jmfcassMies certain d * r Hasse, by J & e cLer atroei after the

£ l £ ej3t, large quantities of Wäxfflee are shown on the small ytomköitfeen of the maea ^ e treated by heat. This of Srhitjsung uiicL the teiftirbid "^ ssifti ^ be Wä ^ ee after liegenAen method interscheidftn ß & eh seiir from the Verfaliif""where eJkek & rXßehe .aet &'MSS feel the Hßjei" feeil3jö | gen | g i ^ ebÄcJcenen JcufcXen ^ tojEfliaslti Bodies tej? Be turned. .

The carbonaceous mass or mixtures containing konneadelt can be made according to the invention selected from many carbonaceous compositions e.g. graphite flour and pitch, thenaatomic carbon and pitch, calcined petroleum coke and pitch, anthracite and / or resistance coke and pitch, petroleum coke, raw petroleum coke and a plasticizing agent, etc. · The particle size of the carbonaceous materials used and the type and amount of binder (generally approx 15 to 45 parts by weight per 100 parts of carbon-containing particles) can vary within wide limits.

This process can not only treat the aforementioned carbonaceous materials or mixtures but also the mixtures listed in columns 27-34 of American patent 3 001 237 (Balaguer) are listed.

BATH ORIGINAL

909810/0613

Maek de "present Texfabre" Wfämmt other carbonaceous materials treated continuously and made of this useful PltJdufcte "βχββιΐ * that could produce the said patent owner wahrseheinlica ttie t setpf good end, although why, well the iitroapfad the Torliegeüdea masts invention by eioe getoaekene to the Meuse «Subsequent aiiw & e layer Mobmet ^ mm fükres iCaum * during the otrota according to the method τσώ BaXa ^ ner through rather thick cash flow» arüaste, since a body can be placed per des, the abrasion of which would be of some »value * The rub-in \ * ng and / or the process according ame "rflsdung fcaBH also, the door, the heat treatment το" carbonaceous Gemi3Ghen old inorganic 2i * "ä ^ ate rerwendet be, for example, for fuel (afterDear amerikaa., Patent 3,031,389} or neutron absorbing or reflecting materials or other materials for the heat treatment of clay, which a »B the aaerikan patent specification 2 907 972) can be used.

Sintered powder materials or materials that used for making whetstones, etc. If inorganic or organic binders are used, they can also be heat-treated according to the invention.

Carbon-containing mixtures with synthetic resin binders can also be used with simultaneous hardening of the resin and

BATH ORIGINAL

909-81-Q / 05 fl>

U71182

sagging of the object -being treated or only during the hardening of the resin or sequentially for hardening and then for baking.

All of the foregoing materials can be called "conductive Compositions ** are referred to in the sense that even with fairly large initial resistances after the Process conditions of the invention electrical currents can be passed through. Sometimes the fat becomes the layer of unbaked composition through which the current flows must be dimensioned smaller for some materials than for other materials, or the pressures odec a previous heating must be increasedea, bder the amount and speed of material in the facility must be decreased, etc. Within this Constraints, the materials can be dealt with and flows can be passed through, i.e. it is about conductive compositions.

As can be seen from the drawings, the electrical circuits that can be used are shown in FIG huhem degree changeable. Exist within the scope of the invention in addition to the circuits shown, there are many other options. Instead of separate circuits for the Baking and graphitizing stages according to FIG. 1, these can can be combined into a single circuit or, conversely, extended to three or more circuits.

909810/0513

H71182

-3ö-

If hardening resins are used, separate electrical circuits can be used for the hardening and baking stages or a single electrical circuit can be used. The contacts used in these circuits can consist of rotary contacts, sliding contacts or stationary contacts.

The following are examples of the invention Procedures and explanations of those used in the examples Printouts and abbreviations given:

CTE - / ⁰ C - thermal expansion coefficient (room temperature up to 1OQ ⁰ C)

MOE - psi - modulus of elasticity MOR - psi - modulus of rupture

A.D. - g / cc - apparent density EleO.Resis.- Ohm / inch - electr. Resistance Comp.Str. - psi - compressive strength

example 1

Using the device according to FIG. 2, a mud cylinder with a diameter of about 10 cm and a treatment section with a diameter of about 7.5 cm was a carbonaceous mixture with the the following composition:

909810/0513

1471112

1UU parts 52 * - 74 micron sheet furnace graphite parts coal tar pitch with a »Sneticliuagpunkt rom about tü * C
Share extrusion molds!

At »Tngangaetzga der jSinriehtung data otae» teeehr Followed basic procedures above. The continuous operating conditions wax the following:

Goal scab: 2.5 cm / miu (material)

ütefl ^ eldruck: t 492.5- kg / 'eea Back pressure: 67.2 kg / ^ cm

Tension: 8.0t ¥ olt

Electricity: ti9 © _r 00 Aap.

Power:. »» TZ kW (constant)

It was found that the deviations in the dimensions of the baked product were extremely small were (on the order of 0.15 ram in diameter). After graphitization, the product had the following physical properties:

CTE- (L) 17.7 x 1CT ⁷ / ^Ö C

(T) 19.7 x 1CT ⁷ / ° C

MUB- (L) 1.32 χ tO ⁶ psi

- (L) 268.1 kg / sq cm

Gomp.ütr. - (L) 494.2 kg / V ₁ cm

(T) 533.4 kg / sq cm

KL. Resist. (L) 44.7 x 10 "" ⁵ OHM / in. Density 1.76 g / ccm Permeability Ü, UOÜ16 Darcy

909810/0513

BATH ORIGINAL

L «in the longitudinal or the treatment direction T * in the performance or perpendicularly? Treatment direction »

The product was consistently superior in quality Structure, was free of internal cracks and defects ^ the » Graphite occur.

Example 11

In this experiment the equipment used was the same as that shown in Figure 2 with a 7.5 cm wide mud cylinder. The device was adapted to the treatment of a material with a cross section of 31.8 by 63.5 mm, as shown in Fig. 6b. The composition of the batch used was as follows: 10 parts electric furnace graphite (725 microns) 34 parts pitch
4 parts extrusion lubricant

The continuous operating conditions were as follows: Feed: 6.35 mm / min (material) otempeldruck: 9 g, 3 kg / qom
Back pressure: 15.4 kg / cj.cm
Voltage: 5.4 volts
Electricity: 846 amps.
Power: 4.33 kW (constant)

909810/0513 OBK ₃₁ NAL, nspeoted

H71182

After graphitization, the product showed the following properties:
CTS - (L)
(T)

1.42 χ 10 ° PSI (1 PSI = 70 g / qem) 27B0 PSI «» · '

61Oü

16.0 χ 10 ^-7 / ° C 18 Ux 1R ^-7 / ° C

MOÄ - (L)
MUR- (L)
Compressive strength (L)

(T) el. Resistance (L)

(T) apparent density

6040 PSI

UlIlI

η ti ti

43.6 χ 10 ^J OHM / inch 41.5 x 10 ~ ⁵ OHM / inch 1 »73 g / ccm

Example III

In the example below, a tubular product with an outside diameter of 7.5 cm and an inside diameter of 5.68 cm in cross section was made using the apparatus of Figure 4 equipped with a 1 µm wide mud cylinder. The composition of the treated batch was: 1UO parts 52 * graphite powder (74 microns) 36 parts pitch
6 parts extrusion lubricant

The following continuous operating conditions resulted:

909810/0513

Feed: 12.7 mm / min (material) Stamp pressure: 315 kg / sq cm. Imprint: 117.6 kg / sq cm Voltage: 4.5 YoIt Current: 830 Amp.

Power: 3.5 kW (constant)

The deviations in the dimensions of the finished Product were extremely small, on the order of plus-minus 0.002 on both diameters. After graphitization, the product had the following physical properties, measured in the direction of treatment on:

CTE 20.0 10 ~ ⁷ / ° C

MOE 1.4 x 10 ⁶ PSI (1 PSI »70 g / qcm)

MOR 3900 PSI "» "

Compressive strength 8600 PSI

el. resistance 39.5 χ 10 ~ ⁵ ohms / inch shallow density 1.80 g / ccm permeability 0.0001 darcy

Example IY

With the device 'of FIG. 2, using a 22.8 cm wide mud cylinder and a 15.25 cm wide treatment zone treats a carbonaceous mixture with the following composition:

§09610 / 0513

1411182

—43— ·· ·, ·

50 parts of anthratic cabbage * (1450 miiaron) 50 parts of slektroof graphite flour: 35 parts of pitch
4 parts extrusion lubricant

The following continuous operation resulted conditions

Feed: 7.9 mm / min (material)

Stamp printing; 77 kg / qcat

Back pressure: 45.5 kg / sq cm

Voltage: 9.0 volts

Electricity: 2900 Amp.

Power: 24.7 kW

The baked product had the following physical properties _: CTE - (L) 24.6 10 "* ⁷ / ° G (T) 30.5 x 10 ~ ⁷ / ° C MOE (L) 2.2 χ 10 ⁶ PSI (1 PSI = 70 g / qce)

(T) 1.93 χ 10 ⁶ PSI »""

MOR (L) 1820 PSI " ^nw

(T) 1890 PSI ⁿⁿ «

Compressive strength (L) 5330 PSI, "·"

(T) 6490 PSI «" «

Resistance (L) 144 χ 10 ~ ⁵ OHM / inch

(T) 155 x 10 ~ ⁵ OHM / inch

309810/0513

apparent density (L) 1.72 g / cöm

(T) 1.72 g / cc

Permeability (L) υ, ϋϋϋό Darcy

(T) O, ÜÜO1 Darcy

Example V

The following example relates to the production of a graphitized product according to the invention proper procedures. Bs became the device according to FIG. 1 with a 1U cm wide Öchlamai cylinder and a 7.5 cm wide treatment section used. The batch had the. the following composition:

1UO parts filektroofen graphite powder (300 microns) 36 parts pitch
4 parts extrusion lubricant

Using the written procedure when starting the procedure, the following continuous operating conditions were achieved:
Baking zone

• Feed: 12.7 mm / min (material)

Stamp pressure: 297.5 kg / sq cm back pressure: 77 kg / sq cm

Voltage: 7.2 volts

Electricity: 920 amps.

Power: 6.3 kW (constant)

909810/0513

GraphitierzQne

Feeding the material with a diameter of 7.5 cm

equal to the feed in the baking zone voltage: 19.2 volts

Current: 142U Amp.

Power: 24.9 k # (constant)

The product exhibited the following physical properties:

ens - (L) (L) 22.7 x 1U "7 ° C (τ) (L) 15.1 x 1N ~ " ⁷ / ° C UUS - (L) • 1.3 χ 10 ⁶ PSI (1 PSI MUH - (L) Example VI 4350 PSI »" " Compressive strength 8400 PSI "" » electrical resistance 37.3 10 ~ ⁵ ohms / inch permeability 0.00ü15 Darcy

In the experiment described below, using the Iäinrichtung according to FIG. 2 with a 7.5 cm wide mud cylinder and a treatment zone treated with the same cross-section a mixture with the following composition:

909810/0513

H71182

10 parts of calcined petroleum coke (725

Micron)

36 parts of bad luck

4 parts extrusion oil

The following continuous operating conditions resulted in operation:

Feed: 4.75 now / min (material)

Stamp pressure: 85 kg / gcm

Back pressure: 56 kg / sq cm

Voltage: 4.2 volts

Electricity: 1380 amps.

Power: 5.2 kW (constant)

After graphitization, the product had the following physical properties on:

CTE - (L) - 3Ü χ 1CT ⁷ / ° C

MOE 1.5 x 10 ⁶ PSI (1PSI = 70

MOR ■ 3000 PSI ■ "·

Compressive strength 6500 PSI

el. resistance 41.5 10 ~ ⁵ OHM / zoil

apparent density 1.65 g / cc

Patent claims

909810/0513

Claims (21)

47 claims 1. Method for applying electrothermal energy to an electrically conductive raw material composition which solidifies when heated, characterized in that that A. the said raw material composition substantially consistently and mechanically into and into a pickling zone through which is pressed, in which the raw material composition heated by resistance heating and solid and self-supporting by the current flowing through it is made, whereby the flow of electricity is effected by applying a voltage with the aid of electrical conductors of which at least one conductor with a raw material part of the moving material composition is in direct contact that ß. the moving material composition during the transition from the raw state to the solid state a considerable pressure is held by an inhibiting force exerted on the solid mass of material is maintained, which counteract the axial movement of the material composition during its treatment seeks, and which is at least equal to the strength needed to maintain the structural 8098.10 / 0513 ■ • WH-> Jl <knU [); ■! .'M-ZiIAbSiTiMS Uniformity of the conductive material composition is necessary during the time in which the heating takes place from the raw state to the solid state, and that C. the moving conductive material composition during the transition la the solid state is supported and its shape is essentially preserved with With the help of a transition section, which contains a high temperature resistant, electrically insulating material. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that that the raw material composition evolves gases during baking. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said raw material composition consists of an electrically conductive carbonaceous raw material, and that said Heating is sufficient to produce a baked charcoal body. 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that said carbonaceous raw mass a contains inorganic additive. 909810/0513 5. The method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the carbonaceous raw mass of the current is traversed essentially in the transverse direction. 6 »Method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that that the carbonaceous raw mass from the flow essentially in the axial direction is traversed. 7. The method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the mass of an oxidation preventive agent is surrounded during baking and until the mass has reached a temperature of has cooled no more than about 350 ° C. 8. The method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the resistance of the substantially continuously moving mass a longitudinal reduction of about 10: 1 to about 500: 1 experiences during the transition from the raw state to the baked state. 9. The method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the mechanical force acting axially on one end of the carbonaceous raw material has a value of 7 kg / ^ cm up to 909810/0513 420 kg / qcin has that of the axial movement The inhibiting force seeking to counteract the composition has a value of 0.7 kg / sq cm to approximately 280 kg / qcm, and that the mechanical force acting axially is always is larger, thereby assuring the essentially constant movement of the composition is achieved. 10. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the carbonaceous raw mass is substantially resistant and mechanical in .Process stage A in baking and graphitizing zones and is pressed through this in order to produce a graphitized carbon body. 11. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that that said baked body is additionally heated and graphitized while it is moving essentially steadily advancing, for which purpose a current is passed through the body whose flow is generated by applying a voltage to the said solid mass with the help of Electrical conductors is effected, of which at least 7 conductors are fixed to the moving 909810/0513 - _5i _ H71182 Ground is in direct contact. 12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the same for graphitizing the solid mass Electricity is used as is the sum of baking the carbonaceous raw mass, and that causes the current to flow is made by applying a voltage to the moving mass with the help of electrical conductors, of at least one conductor with the raw mass part and the other conductor with the graphitized part is in direct contact with the moving mass. 13. Device for applying electrothermal energy to an electrically conductive raw material composition, which solidifies when heated, characterized by a device called the The raw material composition is substantially consistently and mechanically pressed into and through the facility by means of the raw material composition during which essentially Move constant heating by resistance heating, whereby this is essentially solid and self-supporting, which means of electrical conductors mentioned exist, of which at least one head with the 309810/0513 U71182 Conductive raw material composition is in direct contact, which conductors include the bending composition as a resistance element, apply a voltage to this with the effect that a current flows through the resistance element, through a device which contains a high temperature resistant, electrically insulating material, which the conductive Raw material composition supported during its movement and during the transition to the solid state, which said supporting device surrounds the conductive raw material composition and has physical contact with it between the point at which the voltage is applied and the point at which the composition / est and becomes self-supporting, by a device which holds said conductive composition during the transition from the raw state to the solid state under a considerable pressure which is maintained by an inhibiting force exerted on the solid composition, the de r axial movement of the composition to counteract examined in their treatment, and at least equal to the force that the conductive composition is required to maintain the structural integrity during the period in which 909810/0513 the composition from the raw state to the solid state is heated. 14. Device according to claim 13, characterized by means that prevent gases from escaping from the raw . Allow mass when heated. 15. Device according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the electrical conductor has a ijtroia flow through the conductive raw material composition effect essentially in the transverse direction. 16. Device according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that that said electrical conductors allow a current to flow through uie conductive raw material composition essentially in the axial direction Cause direction. 17 »Device according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that that the electrical conductors apply the voltage to the conductive composition at several Create contact points. 18. Device according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the electrical conductor, the one 909810/0513 Current flow through the conductive raw material composition effected for the purpose of heating while the composition moves substantially continuously, consists of a plate divided into o-segments which is the conductive raw material composition at the periphery, the segments variable to the composition at multiple contact points Apply voltages. 19. Device according to claim 13 or 14, characterized by a device for cooling the heated solid composition, while this moves essentially continuously, and through middle ^ which prevent oxidation of the composition during heating and until cooling. 20. Device for the production of graphite bodies from an electrically conductive carbonaceous raw material, the gases evolve and solidify when heated, characterized by a device which the carbonaceous bulk "substantially consistently and mechanically" into and through the facility fits, through a device that heats the raw material by resistance heating, while these are essentially constantly 809810/0513 moves away, whereby the mass becomes essentially solid and self-supporting, which said heating3ein— direction consists of electrical conductors, of which at least one conductor with the carbon containing raw mass is in direct contact, the conductors being the moving carbonaceous Include ground as a resistance element and apply a voltage to it, creating a flow of current caused by the mass, by a device that is a high temperature resistant and electrically insulating Contains material that the raw carbonaceous mass as it moves and during the Transition to the solid state, which supporting device supports the carbonaceous raw material surrounds and physically touches between the point where the voltage is applied and the Stand, "said the said mass firmly and self-supporting is, by means that allow an escape of gases from the raw mass when it is heated, by a device that the carbonaceous mass during the transition from the Keep the raw state in the solid state under considerable pressure, applied from one to the solid The restraining force exerted is maintained, which force is the axial movement of the mass Seeks to counteract mass in the treatment of which, 909810/0513 and the rain is equal to the force that leads to Maintaining the structural uniformity of the carbonaceous mass over time is required is during which the mass is heated from the high state to the solid state, and while the gases are evolved, and by a device called solid mass in addition heated and graphitized while the mass is constantly moving, which device made There is electrical conductors, of which at least one conductor with said fixed mass in direct Contact is made, which conductors include the said fixed mass as a resistance element and to these apply a voltage that causes a current to flow through the mass. 21. Device according to claim 20, characterized by a device for cooling the gxaphitisiert Mass, while this sioh moves essentially constantly, and by a device that an oxidation of the Masae is prevented when this is baked and graphitized and until the mass has cooled down. 909810/0513