DE1456147A1 - Air tow target - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to towed airborne targets and aims to provide a target which can fly stably when towed at subsonic or supersonic speeds.

So far, such targets have been dragged by attaching a rope to the tip of the shaft by means of a swivel joint, over flights these targets have rotated around their longitudinal axes and this rotation even became

909807/0045

£ 56,47

intentionally induced. Such rotary targets were not suitable for a wide speed range because the Bur Frseugung are not held by stability required rotational speed within useful limits haxiZito and these objectives are therefore of one or the other Eau® ihraυ speed range to a greater AusnaO & xm roll, pitch and yaw inclined. Such Siele are tested with different types of devices, for example InJCrar ο t sources, radio receivers and the like. The effectiveness of these facilities in known targets is severely limited and that is based

on the f ehlorJmx th flight characteristics of these Siele ..

Air targets have long been a training device for military units for practicing with Wafian firing into the air or from an airplane to an airplane. Pretending solan the aircraft against which directed the weapons

should. In order to further track speed and altitude, certain types of these targets were made using ropes. geechJ.oppt from linear aircraft of comparable performance. As this required level of proficiency increased, it became more and more difficult to get through the foreshadowing to reach a towing target, since the same problems of high-speed flight the target and the rope b -

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met, as they also appeared on the plane. During this time, "free-flying targets would appear, which were less subject to these foul-eaters than the older systems. However, free-flying sluices require expensive propulsion, traffic jam and portability functions, which all too often at the end of a flight became an aero “nor loss of diving”. These costs are best .uran; ok scfeiiöölicfc. the return of the bound Scaleppzielir ?. However, all of the above-mentioned problems still existed. The known targets have front surfaces and stabilizing surfaces with profiles which are not compatible with overhead surfaces. To build them smaller so they lose their ability _r the aircraft. which you should nacoaii ^ ien to display ixt full of greetings, and even a reduction in size does not ensure that sufficient stable flight characteristics for subsonic speeds could be transferred into the supersonic range.

Therefore, it is a primary object of the invention to provide a target "which can be towed over the full range of supersonic and supersonic speeds and is aerodynamically established at all speeds for" straight, non-turning flight within a narrow range of angles of attack, and thereby the Sehleppeigeaschaft and the effectiveness of the equipment carried by the goal « waa Elnrichtuägen to improve.

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Vetter 1st-the invention on the creation of a · «goal as described, in which the post-luffing point of the tow rope is the center of gravity of the target and the centers of buoyancy and side force, i.e. the arrangement of the resulting ones through the surface forces generated by the target in the vertical and horizontal planes, all related to one another in such a way that that said equilibrium results in a narrow range of angles of attack at all speeds.

Veiter, the invention is concerned with a stable, for all velocities suitable aerial target, which from a point on its longitudinal centerline near its center of gravity la opposed to dragging it at the top can be towed and which is aerodynamically balanced for a stable flight.

In particular, the invention provides an object which is disclosed by a point at or near the center of gravity of the entire vehicle and at which the balance is for stable flight for all practical purposes by means of fixed horizontal and vertical wings or wings thereby eliminating the need for any adjustable trim devices.

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According to the invention, this is achieved by "achieving a goal" Trunk is symmetrical about its longitudinal axis. The rope coming from the tow plane is directly in the longitudinal center line of the target, with the rope or tail being passed through the skin of the torso or body of the target is. The general shape of the target is that of a slender body, composed of a cylindrical and a cylindrical body conical part consists «which enclose small angles. Of the Trunk possesses high aspect ratio. Backward wings or stabilizing surfaces are provided from the center of gravity, which are perpendicular to one another and are strong are arrow-shaped, have a low aspect ratio and a trimmed delta shape in plan and which have a Profile with low! · Thickness ratio. In particular the general shape of the hull is a rotating body with an overall aspect ratio greater than seven. The center of gravity is between 50 and 60 # of the total length of the target arranged behind the tip. The rope is preferably attached to the center of gravity, but never at one point want more than about a trunk diameter in front of the center of gravity or more than about a quarter of the trunk diameter behind the focus is. The horizontal stabilization surfaces are provided with positively curved profiles, which a Pressing the tip downwards ·· generating torque with zero lift, which essentially corresponds to the dl «spits» upwards

H56U7 *

pressing torque is the same and opposite, which results from the mutual positions of the center of gravity β and the pressure point of the target, whereby the equilibrium sauf drive is directed negative or naoh down. A target designed according to the invention is in equilibrium in all flight conditions above 150 knots measured airspeed, with its major axis being kept within a range of plus or minus * 5 of the flight path. This is due to the extremely small change in the. aerodynamic properties. ¹ »with the Mach number« a counter »söitiga coupling of longitudinal movements and lateral bevels, which can generate dynamic instability, is thereby minimized. Veiter, all aerodynamic Beatand parts of the target, recently the fuselage and the wings, are chosen so that their response to the change in the Machijahl is minimal. This is achieved by using a high aspect ratio for the fuselage and a low tendon-to-thickness ratio for the wings, both of which have almost constant aerodynamic properties.

The invention is illustrated in greater detail, for example, with the aid of the figures explained. It shows

FIG. 1 shows an approximately schematic plan view of an exemplary embodiment of the aim according to the invention,

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Figure 2 is an eti / as sciieinatisciie side view,

Figure 3 is a partial section generally along the line 3-3 in Figure 2,

FIG. 4 shows a partial line generally along the line Jf- h

in P'igar 1. _t in "eichem the arrangement of the dax"get-;telli; is,

5 eiaieaa Kciaiiiti; iüas'3 äer Itlni® 5-5 in J ^ igur 1

Figttr 6e '± m feäfi ^ ediaigrainia in Seitenansiclit.

Since 3 erfixidangsgemäße goal has a main part A and a front part B. It is stated, that the

Fox “of the goal as a long, slender body. In particular, the ratio of the geearate length of the body _t näralicn of the front part and _{the main part A f} to the length of the main part A gives a degree of appreciation - of "more than" seven. In the case of the goal shown, the goal is to be slim

Jon ^ roröei-on linde dee front part S is a

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triobic generator voz * seseli «ii _t ^ mlcäier« it 10 let.

BATH

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Dor main fail A is with horizontal stabilizing surfaces or wing; «I3 vex'sekon. In addition, dex * Haüpttexl A with vertical SfcafoilisieirangBläehexi or wings 14 voroehexi. It is found that these sätae'of areas in Fz'® \ iz £ Qx * ffi anjgeos'dsiet * Continue to order the vertical »areas ana eoges-saasit ©» "tsodified building wings, while dio horiscri tales,». Areas codified Halt3rÄut © n- »AbscliHitte da: cs.teller ^ .. Both sets of FlMcIsen have ■ Vex * conditions voia thickness au soliiae of less than five per cent. These characteristics v © x * g? 3r? 5 usually cover the range of 'Air ^ e »schwindigiseiteo ,, in uesXchesi the aerodynamiechex? Property © 11 are constant.

The center of gravity of the entire 25i @ l @ s lies until 17 · It is particularly noted that the center of gravity lies in front of the front edges of both stabilizing surfaces I3 and lh , Xn; it is found on the stable soot surface

that their Vorsleii-lcaiatoja strong ^ ep £ eili are * _f Dals they have low liältBiosö sowi © in plan abgekappte Deltafona. This® MarMaale prevents changes in the stability * over wide areas of the air speed.

The tow rope T is at Öineaj csit 18 besöichneten rotation lenk means “The Dreli ^ elenk is in turn a © πι Bolts, a cradle 19 or the like attached, which

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P-430 ■ ■. a

is on the designated with 21 longitudinal axis or center line cloa target. In connection with the arrangement of the jtfsfoatigungspunlcces 19 wis'-d t>S7oi'sugfc, the Setoox-jmnkt 17 in boseng on this point so that n®r point 19 iila tUH more than © inen HaTapt toildurchinesser before Äösai Scii ^ er -ptmkt 17 uad .nie iao Hiajfes · as a quarter HaiiptteilnrcA-Ixintar the SshwerpiKski; 17 lies. The horizontal 13 are arranged in such a way that it is guaranteed that the Aufti-ietejidruekptsakt the entire goal at least IfeiupttaildBrchroesser ii: s, nt © i · d © ra Schi / erpusikt I? lie ^ t. the vertical wings are odor-Stabillsiö 14 arranged so that dsi "pressure point of the Gesasitform is also of a"} HttuptteildurcÄiaiosser behind the center of gravity at least 17.

It has been found that the target according to the invention flies so that the main longitudinal axis 21 can be kept within a deviation of plus or minus 5 degrees from the flight path under all flight conditions with a measured air speed of more than 150 knots. By attaching the bezel at the specified point , the effects change the weight and the atmospheric!

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run ahead * "e" is, <Se3 atm herieoctale your rUekwftrtis * Ane ^ smi so gtvlfelt »i» S »da« 4 «r» r-

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Required iileiel3.ge * ielits «angle of attack 3 degrees held

AIo bcs ^ Köei'ss example of gin goal, -such successful Eait eiaoi · Machsalil -νοίϊ 1,7 göflogasi was, wix'd follow. ' des auags. £ 'i1ij.i't ί Dor Haupttoil A wox'da by eiisam Rolir rait a Durchüiossax ¹ -of 20 * 3 cn (3 iaelio ») nsicl a Läsig® of about 211 cia (83 laches) gahxldofc. The front part B (au3-sehlioßlicli das in do "Figure" t mid 2 dax'g-eötslltesi iäjl.iriflriociMöxi Güiiorators) -aurdo dtarcli sisian formed, völehor au ssiiiaai backwards toilJigesi Ends oiuex.i the main toiletsi njlsisix tinsi. »Ic3 \ üfoöz * sisia length of 9"! O ^ (36 ineiiQs) to about 11.4 cia (* £ »5 isiclie») DarcJQ £ i »s8» ra »dor basis dos tiii-Klgotriebeueri: Sesisrators tapered®, di © Höäxe each dor vas'tiicalea stabilizers was van der Ofosrfläek® the main part of about 25.1 cm (9 "9 inekos) bit sar abg" kapgt®K Spits® TIAD dia Salme was at dsz · Somaliland; felinie ύ & ν rib * c? td £ © is the main part about 69 ca {27 incfees) laiig _o Therefore, were the two vertical stabilizers srasasniisn a © © exposed Plächo .of 0.1909 (29 ^ square inclies). the horizontal Stabilisierusigsfläclien extended, Voss main part along the line 22 öüva 36 c: a (I ^ inoh «s) aacb.% uSes ussd l & ngm d« y S © hu3i * tlinie Fläch. «Hauptt« il over etv »99 en '($ 9 ! see *). Be & asr formed fesiiis horisontal «gts, biliemt @ r # n siasius» · «#ia« fy # ili # ^ nd © 71 & eh · es (5 ^ 3 sts & r * inzh. * »}, Sä ·

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winl ".al the Yowaox-kiento of 70 ixad © irs-srs of etv? £. 'iA L-as vd.vjltagmtgs-yerhalteiiiy. in wad e & e ^ ax ^ it ^ -iii ^ ov alaea Ättstelixfinlcel: 4 d.ie ϊ '>Γ4ϊΐβ; πΐβ: ϋί · 6ο3 · ^ ί..νι:' · ^? · ε ^ βο main part angei beaaßoii 41ö I ^ Ii-.c'isv? I ^ eiso modifislorte r.it eiiujTicn 'ö? its: .X * lä-cJ-.öu, B £ © rorixiiaal © ϊ'ί-

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909807/0045

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pressing torque was generated. This torque turns the target in such a way that a negative angle of attack is generated, whereby the wings generate a downforce . However, this creates a torque that pushes the tip upwards, which is sufficient to bring the target into equilibrium. It has itself. revealed, that by connecting the tow to the target by means of a «pivot pin _? which in the horizontal plane and perpendicular to the center line near the center of gravity and on the horizontal center line of the Eisle. liogt, all® on "d &£> target acting curling erosionte be balanced by the tension of the rope, whereby a rotation of the target is prevented Unhindered rotation of the swivel joint Iu of a vertical plane containing the target center line between k5 and 100 against the horizontal was possible, while any rotation in the transverse plane was prevented,

In FIG. 6 , a force diagram is shown which shows how the goal of the invention is kept in equilibrium. The output L of the surface 13 results. · ■ .-. also the pitching moment M, which is based on the positively curved wing profile. The moment M pushes the tip downwards until the wing has a sufficiently negative Asistell-

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angle eirmiiuist » xm ä @ n downforce or negative lift L to BVKQiIgGTi. This wjt dan focus t? ro it deitt Αττη b vT ± Theiid & Aistrlab compensates for the moment M, the target tension ijleiclt.t the resultant® from the eüekttrieb £) and then the gearbox- uad Atafttriebsferäiffan F of the Zialas au «urid is gages separately spiciitei; like this ©. D © 2 "Angle a is the basis:» wiacüien D and F. Dah ^ r is at

Reverse drive m% d; * & aß®x- <at the angle a al « uetShxt m ± t siic & t vaulted surfaces ^ at I3

From daai "leaa ^ fcön ^ eht iisarvor" that dia Eri'iMdun ^ © in bosöörtes -geociilepptes Luftziel acliafffc, wolcfe. 33 asi ^ Cvte 11 © siab.9 of the «center of gravity deseelben göschleppt and i'üi * a flight within © ines very much

area

by ÄniitellwiHlk ^ ln aerodynamic. Im GXoieligö-ficlit let. B. found "that the trunk or body of the target

his kane and dag da © Zial equipment contains «» »kaim, w0le} & €» in it

uses wpr «S @ n * Dm # 4ß * t ** t et * ■« r # is) dii $ tg # 0 »si ^ 3 *. Goal '-, ■« er

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Aircraft-borne catapulters - odsr Abwux *: £ © inr lines

BATHROOM 0R! 6iNAL

Claims (1)

P-430 Jfä 1456U7 1. Ziolj velcb.QS ai »End of a rope through © in Lurftfahr-5?. © xig Eiit Geoelswindigkelten above Haehsahl 1 through the air {veuctolcppt be kasra, skonned through * oj.non tubular, elongated KiSri> © r _f vtö o & lne longitudinal axiso ayaiEsotrxscfe. is and © in Gösasntac7.ilanlulteitfivar2iält.tiis of more-a.ln siebe ». possesses, ύχίΛ'θ ',% oilssen Ä4.1 & ^: eii3, uS sus * attachment of the rope rope ati doKi body s ^ -j- isehest its SxidöM at the X / ängsaiittel— li.aic d. © s li'iTpove in Foria oia®s horizontal pan * - Kp.pfeaa, rich eiek. | «cr fsur Längoinlttellini © des 25. © lon © rat :, ηηύ the goal on © ine Brohbevendung in q: Ljjc3 öxii'cli d: io ZugliziiQ d © s Seilss mid di © longitudinal «B3ittclli.siie de ziolea limited plane, ii. vGi.'ti?!. as a slightly horizontal stabilizing surface »' so axtj ^ oordnot CIHD that sio a Autftriebsdruok "· 'pttnkt oriSQugen, welciasr at least as a KSrperdurch-K © asör hlittor doiH-Schworptmkt the target is located, whereby the horizontal surfaces are curved to a the tip of tint on pressing Stasnpfisiotnent zn generate which in the Uaterschall "- and above-sonic speed range of the target is essentially constant, and where the * - 15 «- BAD OftiGINAL 909807/0045 H56H7 The tow rope connection is arranged in the v @ e @ nilioh $ n at the center of gravity of the 'üielca, in order to create a goal which, with its longitudinal axis, is essentially 15 p knots of air speed at any given flight and at all speeds within a range of plus or minus 5 degrees «5. A goal according to claim 1, characterized in that the aspect ratio d © x- horisoritRlen Stabiliaienragsflaehexj in the order of 1.4 and the ratio of the profile of the horizontal stabilization areas in the ¹ order of magnitude v © n e> ti? A 4 ¹ ^ lies. 3, target according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical »and horissontal surfaces Dick © tendons - !? © r« Holds less than 55ε be sit sen and di® vertical Surfaces have a coded diamond profile. 4, target, which at the end of a rope can be flapped through the air by an aircraft »ß © kenn ~ isöicimet through a long _t slim» tubular Κατροτ _Ψ ifulcher ujb its longitudinal axis is symmetrical and a slenderness ratio of more than seven be » ® it set, through a drag tssilanschluö in the longitudinal center line of the body in the form of a horizontal «. 16 - - BATHROOM OBlSiNAL 909807/0045 H56U7 Pivot pin "which laterally 'extends and as" target to "ine rotational movement in a through the train of the cable and the Läng-emittellini" de "for liniö the objectives restricts target defined plane, the tow connection and m center of gravity of Sieles is arranged, and by horizontal and vertical stabilizing surfaces which% are located uv GSinre from Seilanscnluß backward and a strongly gepfeiltes, low AspektverhMltnis becitsen "in plan view a abgekappte Beltafonn and a profile with shallow" Dieksnverh & ltnls, said dl · horizontal surfaces eodlfisierte HalbrautenprofHe own and arched are, among other things, to generate a torque that presses the tip downwards, which is "essentially the same as the" twisting axis that presses the tip upwards, resulting from the mutual arrangement of the pressure points "and the center of gravity of the target. ■ ■ - M - BATH 909807/0045