DE1438781A1 - Derailleur control - Google Patents

Description

Lieentia
Irankfurt / Maln, Theodor "Stern" Kai X 4 AQ Q 7 Q -f

Hartmann / Chr K = No. s Hi; 64/108

Switch control

Since higher and higher accelerations are required for the drives, e.g. B ₀ in high-speed railways, the speed of the switching mechanism and the number of stages must also be increased accordingly set. Ea come already a result of these requirements is not vopj undesired effects on the plants because the devices of conventional type the process more fully mastered, often occur immediately two stage circuit p-en behind the other a "although only one stage are connected ε-.ijj; It is also difficult to set a sufficiently high speed with such rear derailleurs in order to get from a high driving position quickly to Hull and into the braking positions; the monitoring of the self-excited resistance brake by a current monitor is also only possible with complicated additional measures to prevent several stages from being switched over when the resistance brake is used.

The indicated disadvantages are avoided by the present invention in a simple manner »The control for traction motors,

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especially for railway vehicles ₉ in which the individual stages are produced by a switching mechanism which is driven by an auxiliary motor (switching mechanism motor) monitored by a current monitor (drive motor current) ₈ according to the invention has the characteristic that the current monitor switches to the switching mechanism motor are -ltbefehle in the form of pulses _t whose duration is shorter than the point of the switching path of a switching stage to the closing "of the associated one of the next switching stage Starkstromkon = · clock is ο the invention proceeds from the realization that a perfectly accurate effective current monitor control only mög '=> lent is when the pulses delivered to the rear derailleur are predetermined in time and in their use of _s so that not the drive motor power alone monitors the stepping of the switching mechanism via "" but the designer by specifying the pulse · = times the Working largely monitored

The essence of the invention provide details ₉ is first. A detailed examination of the conventional derailleur controls is carried out on the basis of FIGS. 1 to 3 and, in comparison, the mode of operation of the invention will be explained in more detail.

A basic circuit arrangement is shown in FIG. ₃ 1 "The starting resistor 2 of the traction motor 1 is gradually short-circuited by the step switchgear 5, which is driven by the gear motor 5 via a gear 4" Motorkreia the move command in the form of voltage 1? is given «If the current exceeds the

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lahraotors 1 the value set on the current monitor 6, then contact 7 opens and stops the switchgear motor 5 as long as until the drive motor current has dropped to the step value and the next level can be switched to.

It is also known with the help of auxiliary switches that Tone of the shaft of the rear derailleur 4 · are actuated, the switch » to control factory motor 5 so that it can only stop in one of the defined step positions, so that intermediate positions with half-open switches that lead to excessive contact wear lead to be avoided.

In addition, as is well known, it is not sufficient for the rear derailleur motor 5 to relieve the tension when it is supposed to stop you have to rather slow it down, because otherwise it would considerable momentum of momentum would run far too far.

A known circuit for this is shown in FIG. whereby the strong "stro" part (traction motor "circuit) is omitted and only the current" monitor contact 7 according to S ¹ Ig. 1 was indicated. In Pig. 12 is an auxiliary relay ₉ which is controlled by the current monitor contact 7. The contacts 10 and 11 are actuated by the table roller 9 which, in each defined step position of the switching mechanism indicated by the shaft 18, falls into a gap in the squat 8 and thus opens the contact 11 and closes 10. In the state shown, the switching mechanism is in the zero position.

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IXQ

The mode of action is as follows:

The traction motors are at a standstill and the driver sends the voltage 1? ale itehxbefehl · First of all, the drive motor control is HuIX · Since the current TOC contact? closed and thus enabled the relay, the relay has picked up. Of? Sohaltwerksmotor 5 read * practice with it? Contact 14 is energized and turns the rear derailleur. The contacts 10 and 11 are thereby not affected by ^ ed © r vox'beilaufcinden STMF © operated _t but that "long without effect, as the Fahrmotorstroa below to Jlnepreehwert of Söromwäohters 6 remains · Sper ^ fe exercises · Stroiawaahter di © forwarding dursh open "Of the contact 7" is dropped because the relay 12 is released * the contact 14 opens, 13 closes. If the Söhaltw®2? L "is in a step position, the motor is in a step position 3 J @ tst via & m closed contact 11 on a voltage divider formed by resistors 15 and 16 »whereby it is already braked to a lower speed» with the smaller Brehsahl, however, the switching mechanism continues to rotate until the Bolle 9 is in the next step position 'Xffloke- falls _t contact 11 opens «ad 10 closes. The armature of the motor is then of the voltage 1? separated and short-circuited via contacts 10 and 13, so that it is braked to a standstill as far as possible (since the excitation field is continuously switched on) "

The auxiliary lines still necessary in the breads _? &, · Ä _o to switch off the rear derailleur ^{motor k} ) _t when the end position

* M

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is reached, as well as the return to ITuXX by the switch-off command are irrelevant here and the better overview « Omitted due to the fact.

These and similar circuit arrangements that have become known have the following hoes:

• · 1. In the case of a multi-level subdivision of the starting resistance, as is required for electric rail vehicles because of a steady start-up, and the usual high acceleration of the vehicles, the levels follow one another very quickly, up to several in one second. It is then very difficult to stop the current switchgear on the right after the response of the current monitor

Opening the contact 7 the squat roller still within the » same gradation brought to a standstill. will. Fig. 3 illustrates this process: The angular division represents the unwound path of the camshaft from a step sur next figure with a usual division of about 12 ** of Level to level; The diagram above shows Towards dee arrow 19 the opening 4 «β heavy current connection, the in level χ still open, in level χ * 1 closed let, in Dependence on the angular path "On the path from a to b, the lever of the cam switch slides on the flexure of the crouch"

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washer down, the contact opening becomes smaller, until Touch the contacts at b, the switch closes you areas drawn out in thick black on the angular division are the routes on which the squat castor 9 with the containers 10 and 11 when the heat 12 has fallen off the switch » motor short-circuited and disconnected from the mains.

If the switching device in the step χ and goes into the current monitor, the Fr done making the Weiterschälten- (contact 7 closes}, the Schaltwerkemotor- 5 is applied to full voltage, and rotates the camshaft in the direction of step (x 4- 1). If the position b is reached, the strong current clock closes, the traction motor current rises to the value corresponding to the level (x * 1) from now onwards, while the Sg stop motor with the camshaft up to the point c the current monitor is activated react to the increased current and open the contact again, the relay 12 must drop out and brake the switching mechanism motor 5 at the voltage divider 15-16 up to point c so far that the switching mechanism; ζ end to a stop comes If the distance bcs to% "r;. g dimensioned, this is achieved not _f gan * * © that the drive is a little amounts on d}, the contacts 10 and 11. However, in this Winkella '' again. wgesohal _"t the switch motor 5 is again applied to the voltage divider '\ 3t 16 and the switching mechanism is sucked into the next one, which at this point in time is not at all

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.1430781

switched on cookers »d. h · the rear derailleur is running - even after the stop command from the electricity guard - imter one step »u far ·

IHLe distance b-c must therefore be long enough «davit after the current monitor has responded, the switchgear tuner can be stopped in time, which makes it safer will work the longer this route is · On the There is a 360 ° rotation of a switch that is available can therefore only accommodate a limited number of τοη positions,

2. At high acceleration of the drive motor 1, z. B, % m slope or with low load, the following case can occur: As with normal acceleration, the traction motor current falls to the value at which the strobe monitor closes its contact 7, so that the switching takes place in the usual way up to point h, where close the high voltage contacts. Of course, this angular path of the switching mechanism always takes place in the same tent regardless of the acceleration of the traction motors

so far increased "that despite the reduction in start-up. Resistance la point b of the Pahrmotoratrom below the "response value of the StroKw8eht" * e 6 remains - so this holds Continue to close contact 7 so that the switching

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• 8 -J- "Ht 6-V3 08

werksjhotor 5 ®a tension bleust uad € as -äohaiftraEk «ei t erbewegt«, Äusli'dann w © r'ä © »imses · sw © ä · @ Ä« 3P s @ gai? Levels on e & aial Geg © ia & 2 $ t! $ _E v & s ®ime * üagl «ielMaaßig © BesGhlemigungv S ₀ - Β» Mm Bsuba £ äfes? & @ Yg9S _ft S3ix>. Follow this wirä ob-.so before?.; Enter »je m ^ si * da · als d @ e SsjromwSefeters τβ © Werfe Eias @ ^ wai # liti cL & · 4 * holier selsi Meprechw @ s ^ b @ l gi @ lcli ^ m ΜΙ ^ ΓεΙ ^ ο ^ Ι Is '«' is therefore« geemiBgai! » & sa St ^ ss? iÄ®s ^s si «fiteSSÜflA sit '

greBea © © ßeuig ^ # iti uaä BtafeitlMt qpmtäfLßvm des Jlückf & llwertea

or who. Ai &eproGlnrert;"£ Nte ^ cf! E21" 8irt. Wi ^ l ₃ "s» imsl-

5 »Bs let ciciil Eo ^ lioii. @in such Bchaltweri: for larger Xhirehlau ^ gssaliwifidigkditeii ci.-oiSTiri.clifcen, the sum sehne I-len transition toh eincas, SchaXtsisetimd ia another «» · Β. from driving on brakes, wUne @ lienswert BSW «are required. If one dimensioned the SchaXtwör & cmotor "f% ua, d the gear 4 with such a. TibersetstnagaverMi & ialsi * äwpoh which he would run a greater passage-time dura-tion" then about $ steps per second "with the Helaie 12 on the shift orphan di @ Streck © b «c in

| ύ, φΜ Om das ü & grsif «» dos Strucwächter »sum Btakön briiss« i & kann, ein- stromalso aleht iQ «tir sögaicli 1st« ■ I> aB *

.S09S12 / 01-88

1438761.

The rear derailleur must therefore take into account the effectiveness of the Stroanrächters be limited in its speed and needs saoit z. B. sum return from the last driving position to SuIl at least 5 seconds if it has 25 speed steps ·. *

4. The current monitoring by the current monitor works nor daxin »if the closing of a Starkatrom contact is immediately followed by the? Ahrmotorstroia. Di9a is "a. B. no engine Tall at aer self-excited Widerstandebrenasehaltungt in-circuit generator working on the Änffahrwiderstand after the closing of the circuit 'of ale series" · Driving check must excite only before his Ankerst rom rom current "· guardian sur In this case, a pause must be inserted between two stages, which roughly corresponds to the long Efrroguagaaeit caused by the high inductance in the brake circuit; otherwise the switching mechanism would run too far beforehand »so that the ohmic value dea brake resistance »standee au was small and braking jolts and rollover would be the result.

The functional sequence in the subject matter of the invention can be explained again on the basis of 91g · 2 and 3 : Xn FIG.

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The switch word etGhθ in stage χ (Fig. 3). When an impulse arrives, the Belaia 12 looks for the impulse duration and then drops whisperly. IKLe pulse duration is specified in such a way that the shaker motor 5, which is also only connected to the full auxiliary voltage for the Bauer dee pulse, until the end of the pulse has turned the camshaft to point e (RLg * 3) Sohaltwerksmotor 5, ^{there now} relay 12 again has dropped »immediately at the voltage divider circuit (resistor

if it were 15 - 16}, it is braked in advance to the lower speed and continues to run slowly until the next level (i + 1) is reached and he. from the contact ei * 10 and 11 again is stopped. Only when an impulse comes again does it run in. the next stage. This means that the switching mechanism motor 5 is pre-braked to stop in the next one Step always on the right; the segment b - c in Fig. 3 has become superfluous, and one can easily move the point c to b move forward, so reduce the division from step to step by this amount. This is of great benefit since one is now on the 360 ° of one roll rotation can accommodate more steps accordingly · Ber if eight part 1) is thus avoided.

Sine. For example circuit of the control according to the invention iet in the tftg. 4 shown. Here too, the Stsricetromkkreises are omitted for the sake of simplicity. The Sohaltwerksmotor 21 drives isltt ·! · A transmission not shown, which old one. Steueroo & ensoheibe 22 verbun-Int « Znr production of the full step circuit iat die

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Bad CF!: S

• · U - ^j Ei? 64/103

Bolle 23 is provided which, in the position shown, keeps a clock 24 closed. This corresponds to the position of the switching mechanism. When moving from one switching station to the next, the roller 23 is lifted up by crouching and opens the contact 24 until it falls back into a gap when the next switching stage is reached. the contact 24 closes. Oils roller 23 and thus the Eontiikt 24 is * also under the action of an electromagnet <J5t (which, when excited, the roller 23 is lifted out * independently of the cam disk, and thus A * n contact 24 is open Switches are connected to a negative potential, and the switch 26 for the Faferbefeh} and the switch 27 for the brake command was at 110 V, while a third switch 23 was used to set the setpoint for the respective driving position. Bew "Bremeetrom emits, to 4% n Pet" Btiorfete?, (O Hie 60 V) connected 1st. Bin relay for labefc, 4ea "e" coil bit

29 designated 1st, and the relays for Br ^ nfliiac «i» * · * «pttle 3 © are operated by switches 26 to 27. 31 Ut eUBÖcfc · »control relay * which via dl · beidttt Oi« 4tη 32 & »« »55 sit Im jfehrrelalB 29 bsw. dea, Bre ^ srelaia 50 perailelg * «cnaltet i, stj if one of these two» Helalt 29 oÄer 5Q. receives a control command, the return line 31 is also applied to Spanmaff g # ~. The feedback BXwlftle has a Rwhekoatakt $ 1 ^} »which is in series« with the contacts 40 and 4-1 controlled by the switchgear, which lead in parallel in the command brackets 26 and 27 to the relay coils 29 and 30 »The contact 40 is closed when the rear derailleur In one of the driving positions, the contact 4-1, when the rear derailleur is in the brake lever. In addition, 9 0 9812/0188 v. * /,

··· .. "■■ ·. - - BAD ORIGINAL ■

If the feedback relay has a break contact 31 * ', which via line 63 controls the Beiais 38 for the return of the switching mechanism to Hall. The relay controlled by the current monitor (relay 12 in S ¹ Ig * 2) corresponds to the pulse relay, its coil 36 the normally closed contact 38 'and the normally open contact 38 ^M controls. The relay coil 38 is actuated by the power switch 100, which is essentially designed as a sawtooth generator. Xn Fig. 5, units of this StrojEwäehters are shown. A HaS of the traction motor current is fed to the current monitor 100 in the form of a voltage u ^ through the traction motor shunt 34 via the line 3 $ eu, which is traversed by the traction motor. . The setpoint de "driving current bew Brameatromes is · the Stromwäohter 100 from the command Sixteenth age 38 over the line 36 passed as voltage Ug ₀ ** In addition, the Btromwächter receives an especial · Grants tuerepannung whose meaning explained in the detailed later; is, via the line 37 »Bie impulses are given by the atrower close to the invention via the line» 39 to the two coils 33 and 25.

01 · fitreastteuerieltuoe 57 has a,% annung ₉ which is dependent on the position of the switchgear and the 4 "flaps 3" sensitivity a part made of highly conductive material b§§tt & *. In the position shown there is the grinding

ter.

contact 4g generally corresponds to the cover position of the switchgear

SttHtog. The part above it contains the driving positions (F), the 909812 / Ö1S8

· '· "BATH

file below the breece position (B). X works in every position the sliding contact 42 from a potential that does not have more detailed resistances and passed on via a tachometer dynamo 70 to a locking device · This circuit consists of the aner diode 45, the two triggers 46 and 47 and the two ifflMllleather 48, 49 * from the AND gate 48 a line 37 * »current monitor 100, from the IBD-GHed 49 a line 50 sur relay coil 51t which actuates two contacts, namely the Make contact 51 * and the break contact 51 ". Bas relay 51 is Called overdrive relay.

The mode of operation of the arrangement is as follows;

In the position shown, the vehicle is at a standstill. Vm the vehicle set in motion, the driver is by closing the switch 26 the travel command; In addition, the switch 28 is closed, which gives the acceleration value to the Stxomwächter 100 in the form of a voltage. By closing the dos * i holder 26, the coil 29 of the Pahrtrelaie is excited, so that deast ^ both> ion cycles are closed. This creates a preparation *. Circuit closed, which leads from the positive pole of the voltage source 52 via the line 53, the contacts 24 and 38 \ the Wit erstand 54, the line 55 total negative pole of the voltage source 52. This is a preparatory circuit, which is not yet capacity utilization. JMr Wideretand 54 has about 30Π. Now there is

3trom

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monitor 100 via line 39 to the, pulse relay as 38 a pulse; how this impulse is generated in the current monitor becomes late? 5, the impulses should first be assumed in order to understand the control circuit comes to the collar. The Stromwäohter 100 let namely tuned in such a way that it gives a regular pulse train to the line 39 when the voltage at the shunt 34 is below a predetermined value, i. h · as long as the drive motor current is below the response limit of the current monitor 100 · According to the invention, the pulse duration is shorter than the time required to move the switching mechanism from one position to closing the high-voltage contact in the next position »

The coil 38 is now excited by the pulse, so that the contact 38 * * is closed and the contact 38 'opens. Now at the poles of the auxiliary power source 52 a voltage divider connection is made, which runs in the following way: positive pole of 52 - line 53 - resistance was 56 - resistor 57 contact 51 ^M - resistor 54 - glue 55 ~ negative pole 52 · parallel stm resistor 54 is in Circle another resistance % in £ t @ ihe with the closed 'contact 38' *. The approximate

of the elements mentioned are the following: Wider-3 Cl j Vfideratand 57 - 15Ä | Resistance 58 - 3θΛι 5% - 30iX « From these ohmic values it results, d * ß

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The terminals 60 and 61 have a voltage of approximately half the auxiliary mains voltage, ie on the armature 21 of the switchgear motor. h «55 V lies. This split voltage specification only applies in the event that the motor armature is not connected to the terminals ι but since it is permanently connected to the terminals, it can be said for practice that the motor is idling (which of course does not exist) a voltage of 55 ^v prevails.

As a result of this tension, the engine will now start to run. It is calculated in such a way that it starts up when the switching mechanism is fully loaded and at the given voltage.

The following is said in advance about the mode of operation of the Sehaitwerkssiotore. If the motor is at full voltage of 110 T it runs at a maximum speed, which is referred to in the following as "it n ^^.

During the course of the operation of the control according to the invention, the motor has three different speeds, namely _{when switching it reaches a speed which is approximately V6 Bg 1x} ι when reversing in the "HuIl position ♦ if there is no break command" a speed of approximately V2 n ^ y «* ■» relchti when a command is issued, the switch gear motor runs, if · when the command is issued, more «1 * * - 5 steps su have been passed through at full speed

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In the normalaa start-up circuit explained first, the auxiliary motor thus reaches a speed of V6 n ^^ l this is explained in more detail below. Since _9, as I said, the voltage divider theoretically divides the auxiliary voltage offered in half, the armature 21 connected to terminals 60, 61 would _{pass through up to half of n max} if it remained switched on until this speed was reached. According to the invention, however, the predetermined acidity of the impulse issued by the current monitor does not give the motor the opportunity to run up to V2 n ^^ ·. The pulse duration is dimensioned in such a way that at the end of the pulse the switching mechanism drive is about a third of half the maximum speed, i.e. h thus has V6 n- ^. -

The advantages of. present invention are achieved by these measures and adjustments in a simple manner »The first The advantage is that the motor and thus the entire rear derailleur drive only reaches a low speed when switching and thus covers a deliberately limited path; in contrast to conventional controls, namely the rear derailleur does not run until after the High-voltage contact, the drive motor current increases and the continuous action of the conventional current monitor is interrupted. Ss is rather by the invention before reaching the Contact Closing and taking effect of the high traction motor current the switching of the switching mechanism is interrupted by the specified reduced duration of the current monitor pulse »This

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▼ kürst · Salary range enables the placement of a increased number of switching steps on the 360 ° of the rear derailleur.

second advantage is that the derailleur motor can be designed for a very high maximum speed, so that it runs at this speed from a high gear to the brake position, among other things. This is made possible by that the speed achieved with normal porting can be set precisely to any low amount due to the limitation according to the invention by means of a specified pulse duration Striving to reach the top speed; however, due to the shutdown after termination of the specified pulse the speed that can be achieved with normal switching is set to a desired low value, i.e. it is independent of the maximum speed inherent in the motor according to its design. This is therefore available for other purposes without being disadvantageous during normal switching See below · In contrast, with the conventional switching controls If such a distinction between the engine's own and achievable switching speed is practically impossible; because the switch-on time of a motor with conventional electricity « Guardians practically do not foresee themselves; it can often be due to causes that can hardly be avoided, with the exception of the engine own "maximum speed increase, so that the designer is forced to practically adapt the engine speed to the incremental speed with the conventional controls"

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no

So has the motor set the rear derailleur la movement and has the impulse that triggered the Beiais 38 stopped, then the heat 38 drops, so that the position shown in the drawing is restored with respect to the motor circuit . except for the closed contacts of the hot coil 29 and the Position of the contact 24. Simultaneously with the energization of the relay 38 namely the relay 25 was energized, which via the. Line 62 is connected to the impulse line 39 «, the opening of the contact 24 initially has no effect! simultaneously When the relay coil 25 is pulled in, the roller 23 is pulled out of the gap epic in the two squats of the disc 22.

Now ends the pulse and the relay 38 drops out, so that the Contacts 38 ·· are opened and 38 * are closed, the Coil 25 is also de-energized, but contact 24 can be not yet close, since now the roller 23 slides on a cam 22 * of the disc 22 and thereby the contact 24 by mechanical means Effect keeps open · The motor is now connected to a new voltage divider circuit, which acts as a pre-braking effective 1st. The voltage divider consists of the two resistors 56 and 54 connected in series with the following » the current course: 60 - 56 «38 * - 61 *

Since _6, as already stated, the approximate ohmic values of 54 and are very different from one another »namely 30 XX bau. 3 ίΐ, the theoretical voltage at the terminals of the armature 21 is V11 of the Bilfenetiep & nnung, ie 10 \ T. The motor armature 21 is

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thus strongly decelerated and then possibly continues to run, provided that it corresponds to the theoretically applied voltage Anker-Oegen-ElfK reached and contact 24 is still open is. If the switching mechanism reaches the position c indicated in FIG. 3, i.e. when the bull has passed the tooth 22 * and after it has closed the contact 24 halfway up the tooth flank 22 ″, the motor armature 21 is over the contacts 24 and 38 'short-circuited, bo that rapid braking takes place and the motor in the next position of the switching mechanism (when the Bolle 23 is in the middle of the gap) stands still. At the end of the switching step it has the corresponding strong = current contact closed, so that the resistance connected upstream of the traction motors was reduced by one level. Normally the drive motor current rises above the step value, ^u is ^is * ⁸ ^ ^{80 higher T than U} 8oll * ¹ ^ ^{4 the} current monitor 100 does not initially give any further impulses; the switching mechanism remains in the position it has reached until the drive motor current has fallen below the specified setpoint.

In this way, the stages are now switched far and wide, as long as the move command is given by switch 26. '.

Should now switch back to Hull from any driving position are, the travel command is interrupted by opening the container 26 «the coil 29 of the travel relay and the Coil 31 of the return relay are de-energized. By closing baw. open the contacts controlled by the coils 29 and 31

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the state of the control circuit shown in the drawing is restored, but with the hatred that the contact 40 is kept mechanically closed while the drive switch is in the starting positions. This will be the coils 38 (pulse relay), 30 (brake relay) and 25 are energized, and «was in the following way®: Earth J · Coil 38-63-31" · 64 -40 - 31 '- negative terminal of the voltage source * «er circuit for the magnetic coil 25 runs as follows: Earth - 25 - 62- 63 -31 »· - 64 - 40 - 31 · - negative PoIi for the brake relay 30 The following circuit applies: Earth -30-40-31 '- negative pole.

By pulling on the armature of the coil 25, the roller 23 is lifted out of the gap in the rocker disk 22, so that the switching mechanism is ready to run back into the zero position without stopping at the steps. By closing the brake relay and by the pair of contacts actuated by it, a voltage divider circuit prepared by relay 38 is produced, which fundamentally differs from the voltage divider voltage described at the beginning in that the polarity is reversed, as from the crossed lines 65 at the contacts In this position, resistors 56 and 57 are connected in series and in turn are in series with resistors 54 and 58, which are connected in parallel with one another, so that the theoretical voltage of 55 ^V is applied to the motor terminals via contacts 60 and 61; the motor can be accelerated to half its maximum speed, but in the

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direction _a ie towards the zero position. If several positions su are passed through, for example at least three, then the motor reaches its maximum controlled speed, i.e. V2 B _04x * At this speed it reaches the full position in which the Contact 40 is opened and the switching mechanism is stopped, since all active coils (30, 38, 25) are de-energized by opening 40. The state shown in the drawing is thus achieved in every detail «

lf it is necessary to hold on to the last vertical position in the case of row / parallel approach positions, additional contacts can be arranged, which - because they are not important for the invention - are not shown for the sake of simplicity. For example, in the make a hook contact when the rear derailleur is set up actuate which is in line 39. In parallel with this contact, a switch is then placed in the driver's cab, which is closed by the leader for the purpose of switching to the parallel positions

Ss it is now assumed that the moving vehicle, whose rear derailleur is in the SuIl position, is to be braked »Ss it is presupposed that a course closing brake is used for this, whereby any course closing brake can be used Omitted for the sake of simplicity

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* » CLtZ ■»

The driver issues the brake command by closing the switch 27 and also actuating a switch 28 after he has specified the setpoint value of the Brtmggtromea . He © ® can be given a different setpoint for braking «, Starch cl @ s ishalter 27 WiM excites the B £> 3m @ r« laie (coil 50) and thus creates the Spaimii ^ divider circuit, welshe at öcv l @ schr © ibimg de @ Hücftl & aftfs of the switching mechanism in the zero "3t @ llmig ready described wu ^ de" Up to the cam switch 40 usd 41 are alright, since the switching mechanism is open ^{, as assumed * in άί'-Λ 1 Hull position.} It is appropriate ~

calibrate the vehicle at full speed b @ »so that it ? © in® low braking level, i.e. one that is generally in the dep-SSho d @ r IuIl position is required. Be * - warden specified before hi © ram lin ^ @ lheiten, to control dt β Br®fflsvorgange @ in their principle "r purifies be _β

Bsi the erfindungggemäSen switchgear control are for the Bfrene process used three different functions, and? Was:

1 »the step switching, welch®« by the current monitor monitored «bit pulses are controlled,

3 "the slow passage, which in circuit and speed corresponds to the return from the approach positions to the gauze position and can have a maximum speed of V2 U ^ _0x ,

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- " ^{: i} . - - BATH

3 · the fast run, in which the maximum speed n_ can be achieved.

The basic idea is to separate the movement of the rear derailleur from the to make the respective braking requirement dependent. It becomes τοη the self-evident basic requirement that 1. the required braking level is reached as quickly as possible, and 2. to a braking level that has an excessive braking current would cause not to be switched;

These claims are most easily known through a Circuit obtained in which the braking commands are given through the interaction of Bweier measured variables: 1 »the actual speed, 2. the respective position of the switching mechanism · Both state variables of the Pahrseuge are caused by tensions and awar the actual speed by a Tachodynamo 70 and the switching mechanism division by a potentiometer 43, which carries out a voltage setting depending on the switching mechanism position. For example the rail 44, 45 can be firmly connected to the rear derailleur, while the grinding piece 42 is fixed. As can be seen directly from the circuit diagram, the voltage that is picked up by the sliding contact 42 is directed in the opposite direction to the tachometer voltage apart from that, one can overlook the well-known, basic circuit in a simple way} the opposing voltages of the tachometer dynamo and the photometer

909812/0188 ₆ «r c - ^^"

circuit are coordinated so that they are the same size, are when the rear derailleur is at the respective actual speed assigned position, is »On the other hand, the voltage on the voltage divider is higher than that of the tachometer ·» dynamo, if the rear derailleur is in a braking position with a higher braking resistance * than at the respective actual speed necessary. As a result, in such an operating state, an action is required, such as in the electronic circuit described below by » guided",

The two triggers 46 and 47 are simple transistor flip-flops Cz. B. Schmitt trigger), which respond to a negative voltage at their input and their output voltage to the AND element the 48 and 49 release · The trigger 46 is already speaking on one very small potential difference and passes the command to the AND gate 48 on. Trigger 47 speaks because of the upstream Zener diode 45 only at a higher voltage, the at the potentiometer 43 is then tapped when the switching mechanism go through more than 4-5 levels when switching on the brake got to.

the operating case described above, in which the vehicle is running at high speed and the rear derailleur in is in the zero position, the following mode of action then results: .-: ■ .., ._. ·

BATH ORIGINAL

909812/0188

The brake command is given, ie a negative potential is applied to the AND element 48 from the switch 27 and the trigger 46 from the voltage divider 43, but this potential is not high enough to also make the trigger 47 respond. The AND element 48 sends a command to the current monitor 100 via the line 37. The signal is amplified (as described in more detail later) from the current monitor 100 and passed on to the line 39, so that the pulse relay 38 and the magnetic coil 25 are excited . As already discussed in the description of the mode of operation, the simple reverse circuit - at half the mains voltage, ie at 55 V - is established here. At the same time, the Bolle 23 is out of engagement with the cam 22, so that an unimpeded run can go about in the third or fourth braking position, because according to the prerequisite, only a short tffeg had to be covered because the vehicle is running at high speed and the rear derailleur in a Position with high braking resistance (close to zero position) is to be brought »

In the event that the driver applies the brakes later and the vehicle already has a relatively low level of has reached speed, the third operational "case" indicated can be described, namely fast throughput. The switch » Werk is in the zero position, which is different from that of the nie «· The position corresponding to the actual speed, in which the braking resistor has a low ohm value, is far away. The rear derailleur must therefore be a relatively large one Cover the distance, and with it effective braking as soon as.

909812/0188

possible, its speed must be high This is achieved by the fact that now the large difference between the tachometer voltage (70) and the voltage divider voltage (43) come into play; the Zener diode 4-5 can now in the indicated direction of the arrow through a current, since the applied potential exceeds its Zener voltage. The trigger 47 thereby also becomes conductive and gives its command to the UUD element 49 further. Since the AND element 49 also has a Brake command is now sent via line 50 to the overdrive relay 51 a command which, by energizing the coil 51, closes the contact 51 'and opens the contact 51 ". The armature 21 of the derailleur motor is now at full voltage, in reverse, so that it is on the fastest Ways in the required. Braking position with low braking resistance drives the rear derailleur. The circuit is as follows (relay 38 is also attracted by trigger 46): Plus pole 52, contact of the brake relay 30, line 65 - 55 - 38 "51 - 61 - 21 - 60 - 53 - 65 - contact of 30 - minus pole 52.

By the possibility, according to the invention, the engine with two to let run relatively high speeds, you can in a simple way, namely with the second trigger arrangement (47 t 49), a selection for the switching speeds meet. ·

Now the engine comes back due to the high speed in a position that is only about 4-5 steps from the assigned

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If the actual speed is removed, then the trigger 47 becomes ineffective because of the reduced voltage difference, see above that the coil 51 is de-energized. Now there is only the Circuit with the mentioned trigger 46 until the rear derailleur with the speed corresponding to 55 V in the vicinity of the indicated ~ controlled braking stage arrives »

As long as the brake command was given, the impulses were also blocked via line 37, as ^{will be explained in more detail with reference to J 1} Ig * 5 .des (flow signal). There is a special reason for this, which is based on the physical function of the generator braking. The following situation arises: When the switching mechanism is moved from the zero position to the braking position, the basic circuit of the short-circuit braking is first established, with a very high resistance so that the braking current cannot flow. Even when the switchgear has reached the activated braking stage, the required braking current will not flow immediately, since the current required to excite the motor fields is only after a certain voltage with the low voltage and the high inductance in the short-circuit braking circuit Time, which can be up to a second, builds up »Such a situation of the short-circuit brake circuit would normally have to cause incremental pulses, because these occur properly when the actual current of the traction motors is below the required setpoint» Since, as shown, the actual Value of the current is zero, so ώα traction motor shunt 54 no voltage would occur, the current

909812/0188

Guardian 100 would therefore have to be switched by means of an impulse cause. However, this would mean that the rear derailleur is moved to a higher than the required braking level, so that not only would the result be too strong a braking shock, but also damage to the motor from rollover is to be feared. According to the further invention, the arrangement is set up so that when the braking process is initiated, the pulse series is not with an impulse but starts with a gap. This is effected by the pass signal on the line 37 and based on the Fig. 5 cLes explained in more detail. The rear derailleur is now in the The controlled position is reached, i.e. if the triggering of the command has also stopped, the switching mechanism stops or is drawn into the closest position, namely well after 25 has dropped, the holle 25 is still on a nook stands and the Eontakt 24 keeps open. In this case, the motor armature 21 is connected in series to the low-resistance resistor 56 the resistor 54, so has 10 V theoretical voltage. At the If 23 falls into one of the gaps, the motor armature 21 is braked via the short-circuiting contacts 24 »38 °. Simultaneously line 37 has become de-energized and has thus released the impulses from the current monitor »The first impulse can, however, only arise after the gap leading to the sieve has expired, the duration of which must be so dimensioned that the excitation of the traction motors has meanwhile taken place.

In this position nothing happens at first and depending on the prevailing operating conditions (speed, resistance)

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the braking current builds up gradually without further switching. When the braking current has developed and by corresponding braking effect sum wear comes, the speed of the vehicle decreases, the voltage in the traction motor brake circuit decreases accordingly, so that the actual value of the Drive motor tromes falls below the incremental limit. Direct this is now followed by a current monitor pulse, since the from Signal on line 37 forced gap has expired in the meantime is · Until switching from level to level is then possible, monitored by the current monitor, as when driving, to total standstill of the vehicle.

In a further improvement of the switching mechanism, the times of switching from the high speed range (110 T) to the medium speed range (55 V) made dependent on the maximum speed during the run as well as the content command (release of the trigger 46) is actually reached by the rear derailleur. The trigger 47 triggers the high speed, the trigger 46 the low speed. Ever depending on how long the run at high speed lasts, the rear derailleur will reach a certain maximum speed if this is very high, the switchover is to the medium speed range is not sufficient to set the motor and thus the rear derailleur in the activated level sum Hold on. For this reason, in a further terbing according to the invention, the two triggers 46 " 47 applied differential voltage made speed dependent;

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this is what the capacitor 66 is used for. If it weren't for the capacitor 66 present, then the trigger 47 would always be ineffective at the same voltage difference and the medium speed range would be activated. With fast switching, and »If the resistance range was 44, a quick change takes place the voltage difference given by the voltage divider · The however, a rapid change in tension makes the resistor 67 time * - temporarily ineffective, namely by the high voltage drop of the capacitor 66 the voltage divider potential immediately the point 68 passes on · As a result, the voltage at point 68 drops faster than it corresponds to the position of the wiper 42 on the potentiometer 43, and the triggers 47 and 46 switch at a correspondingly earlier point in time. The switching of the switching motor 21 from the high to the low speed and the command to stop are thus carried out from the high throughput speed so much earlier that the braking distance of the motor is taken into account, which is always safe The switching mechanism stops in the activated stage

An embodiment of the current monitor 100 is indicated in FIG. 5; Here 101 is the pulse generator, while 130 is the direct current converter (magnetic amplifier) supplying the measurement quantity. Of the Pulse generator 101 can be set up particularly easily and advantageously if it is used as a tilting vibration generator, for example in accordance with Art a saw path generator.

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In the circuit diagram Flg. 5 let 102 a measuring trigger, 121 an output amplifier made of a transistorized building syst em. An OR-G element 120 does not connect the amplifier 121 on the one hand the pulse generator 101 and on the other hand via the line 3? with the trigger system according to FIG. 4. The measuring trigger 102 of the sawtooth generator 101 is a sip stage with a precisely defined response and release voltage; exceeds the voltage the response value at its input, the output voltage jumps from KuIl to its maximum value and only then rises again KuIl »urüokaukippen when the input voltage exceeds the fallback value falls below If a voltage is applied to terminals 122, 123, the capacitor 104 is thus initially charged via a resistor 103; If the voltage is less than the response voltage of the trigger, nothing more happens; if it is greater, the trigger responds as soon as 104 except for the Response voltage of 102 has charged. A voltage is now applied to terminals 122, 123, as will be described below is explained in more detail, is a HaB for the difference between the target value and the actual value of the traction motor current. If this differential voltage now exceeds the response value of the trigger 102, then the latter responds and the voltage now appearing at the output of the trigger controls a transistor 105, which thus lolls; end and via the much smaller resistor 106 den Capacitor 104 discharges again · The pulse given by trigger 102 is amplified in output amplifier 121 and via the Line 39 delivered to the controller (Fig. 4). If 104 has discharged down to the dropout voltage of trigger 102, so it tilts back to its starting position, the tran-

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ORIGlNAL BATHROOM

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Sistor 105 is blocked again, and the voltage at terminals 122, 123 begins to charge the capacitor again to a new game. The higher this voltage, the faster the capacitor is charged up to the response voltage of the trigger, that is _, the faster the next pulse appears. The pulse frequency is therefore dependent on the level of the voltage applied to 122-123; it becomes smaller when this voltage approaches the response voltage (from above) until the pulses stop completely when the response voltage is reached or undershot.

The pulse duration is practically constant regardless of the applied voltage, since the transistor is always permeable at the same charge state (charge voltage) of the capacitor and the resistances in the discharge circuit remain the same. This breakover oscillation generator is switched so that its input voltage n _Q ^{is eekilde * from the voltage u} soll fed via line 36, from which a voltage proportional to the motor current to be monitored is subtracted. As already mentioned, u · ,, is used to preselect the level of the switching value of the traction motor = * current.

130 is connected as a DC-DC converter Tranduktor, the control winding 131 shunt the measurement 34 is connected, through which the current J of the travel motor "flows through its terminating resistor 132 then flows to the current J propationaler current i _t therein a this also proportional chipboard

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energy loss tjl ^ caused. The dimensioning takes place here so that

^u should " ^u is * ^u sp CAoepreolxspeiiurig dee triggers)

is when the motorstroja J in shunt 34 has reached the desired maximum value (corresponding to the response value of the conventional current monitor)

Ea then result in the following relationships:

a) The Hotor current J is Hüll (retained): The voltage at 122 - 123 is - u _goll , so it has the highest possible value. The impulses appear in the fastest possible sequence in which the switching mechanism now switches step by step upwards.

b) Motor current J increases as a result, and the voltage u * ^ increases to the same extent. at the output of the transducer 131} the voltage at 122-123 · ^U _SO 11 * ^u ist ^is correspondingly smaller. The pulse sequence becomes slower, the pauses between the »steps on the switchgear are correspondingly longer.

o) The current JT is so large that U ₈₀ -Q - ^u iet is equal to or becomes smaller than u _e “. There are no more impulses, that

⁸ p

The switching mechanism remains stationary until the Uo tor current has decreased again with a further increase in speed, so that U _-011 - U ₁ ^ again exceeds _{U 0 ^}

909812/0188 bathroom-original

- Ht 64 / X08

the capacitor 104 - already on this voltage, so that at the moment of exceeding the value of u__

no longer waiting for the time constant, but the trigger 17 responds immediately and thus the next Impulse triggers.

The actual measuring element of this arrangement, the Heßtrigger 17 » in contrast to that of a normal current monitor has a hold «» ratio much less than one, d. H. the fallback value is much lower than the response value · Hur the latter (u__.) must

sp

must be adhered to as precisely as possible, since it determines the level of the incremental current. The level of the associated dropout value only influences the pulse frequency, which does not have to be adhered to with extreme precision. Even a slight shift in the response value u only results in a corresponding change in the traction motor currents s J _1, that is, in the acceleration, but never in an uneven step change. This also eliminates the disadvantage 2) of the known arrangements.

In order to start the pulse series with a gap when the braking is initiated, as has been requested elsewhere, a command is given from the line 37, which arrives at the base of the transistor IO5. This makes this transistor conductive, so that the capacitor 104 is discharged. The satellite charge takes place completely, since command 37 is not initially interrupted. As a result of the discharge of the capacitor 104, the difference between U ₈₀ and U _{can be seen;} resulting span *

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8AD

voltage value only build when the command has stopped 37 _P do ho is the switching mechanism in the controlled braking stage "Now-4> more but may be due to the complete discharge of the Kon-QO densators 104, the differential voltage from Ug ₀ ji and u. . only long sam ^ build up, and this time is so dimensioned that it corresponds to the structure _P of the full braking current in the short-circuit braking circuit ο

With the practical dimensioning of the current monitor, it usually results that a different, usually faster, pulse sequence is necessary for starting than for braking, since in the latter case, in particular to build up the braking current, the duration of the gap must be adhered to in a simple way that a further capacitor is connected in parallel to the capacitor 104 by a small auxiliary relay (or a transistor) controlled by the brake command, whereby the charging time constant is extended accordingly reduce the resistor 106 accordingly by connecting a second resistor in parallel or by tapping, so that the discharge time constant does not change with it; otherwise the pulse duration would also lengthen accordingly. These devices are not shown in the figures for the sake of clarity. The contacts of the relays 38, 29, 30 and contact 24 can be replaced by contactless components such as power transistors or controllable S $ liziuazellen (thyristors) with quenching device . Initiator for jSlPfeaetuag the switch positions on the derailleur shaft (RüoJöcopplungskreie with transistor »oscillator) can be used

35 pages of description
20 claims
2 sheets. Drawings with 5 figures gog ₈ i2 / O188

Claims (1)

56 - Ht 6V3.O8 Patent claims jl J controller for drive motors, in particular for Bahnfshrzeug, "in which the individual stages are made by a switching mechanism, which is driven by a" lurch a current monitor (traction motor current) applied to voltage auxiliary Satterfield (derailleur motor), characterized in 4ass _t of the power monitor for the switching by one step each gives a switching command to the switch gear motor, preferably in the form of a pulse, the duration of which is shorter than that of the switching path from one switching stage to the closing point of the high-voltage contact assigned to the next switching stage. 2. Control according to claim 1, characterized in that the Current monitor (100) sends the pulses to the coil of a pulse relay (38) passes, -which the anchor <21) of the switch gear motor is connected to the voltage prepared by a command circuit, 3 «Control according to claims 1 and Z _9, characterized in that the motor dimensioning and the armature voltage applied during step switching are coordinated in such a way that during an average pulse duration the motor is a fraction 909812/0188 BATH - y / - Ht 64/108 (preferably V3) that which can be achieved with the applied voltage Top speed reached. 4. Control according to claims 1-3 »characterized in that the voltage for stepping through the pulse» relay (38) is produced via a voltage divider. 5 x control according to claims I · 4, characterized in that the pulses in a sawtooth generator (Fig. 5) are formed of Fahrmofcorstromes in Fora a voltage of a command ^ switch (28) and the actual value of the driving motor current on which the target value a shunt (34) can also be implemented in the form of a voltage, 6. Control according to claims 1-5 »marked« » net that the pulsing sawtooth generator (101) consists of a capacitor (104), trigger (102) and transistor (105) exists and that the capacitor (104) connected to the transducer (voltage) via the trigger (102) Transistor (105) makes conductive at a predetermined capacitor voltage, so that the capacitor (104) on the Collector-emitter circuit of the transistor (105) discharges » 7 · Control according to claims 1 - 6ι characterized in that that the armature (21) of the derailleur motor when giving commands "drive" on the one hand and "brake" on the other hand in different Directions of tension is applied, preferably 909812/0188 by one two-pole each from the corresponding command switch (26 or 27) controlled relay (29 or 30). 8. Control according to claims 1-7 »characterized in that that the travel relay coil (29) and the brake relay ~ Coil (30) parallel to the coil (31) of a feedback relay and in series with the corresponding command switch (26 i> aw. 27) are connected and that a break contact (3 * 1 ') of the feedback relay is connected to the respective Perallelkrels (contact 41 resp. 40) for return to the zero position is energized. 9 · Control aaeh the claim 1 * 8, daövs ^ ch net ₆ that during the return dl © gXeäeJie SfamMaßg aa € l®a armature (2i) of the switching motor is placed & how la © im and that the coil of the impmlsrelain (3 @ ) hlss ^ el diireh low contact (31 ") of the feedback relay« (3D aauernÄ aa voltage is applied, ο 10 «Control after the statement. 3. <= ■ 9 b «i Vemvöndiing a ¥ 011 switching very itfe dependent uad ^ osa switching mechanism operated holding contact (2 *), which after termination of the progressing pulse <l © n anchor (21) of the Seha] L $ werks8iote * · as long as aa. Voltage with ₉ until the switching mechanism ta & 4 # next pin # isfc _t . thereby gekenna®iehn®t _f that to lead back into the Hullgtelitsjsg the holding contact additionally lent vob. A solenoid coil (25) is kept in the open position as the solenoid coil (35) has dropped out of the fefeettskoatakSea <3% 3V *) of the feedback relay (31) aa voltage is applied. 909812/0188 "" · Xl. Control according to claims X - 10, characterized in that that the holding contact (24-) actuating solenoid (25) for the purpose of braking also from the current monitor (100) voltage receives. . 12 Control according to Claims 1-11, characterized in that that oei the brake circuit the pulse train with a Gap begins and that this gap is at least as long as the time which the braking current in the traction motors takes to its Build up of zero amps required. 13 · Control according to claims 1-12 when using a Brake control with speed monitoring by means of a the tachometer voltage indicating the engine speed, which is compared with a voltage dependent on the switch gear position, the switch gear from the voltage difference is controlled, characterized in that in the case of a high number of stages of the switching mechanism to be switched (preferably more than three stages) 'the switching mechanism motor has a higher speed than normal reverse. Control according to Claims 1 - 13, characterized in that that in the event of a high switching mechanism speed demanding voltage difference, an overdrive relay (51) is actuated which is applied to the armature (21) of the switching mechanism motor a higher than the return voltage, preferably twice the ,, lays. 909812/0188 - 40 - Ht 54/108 15, control according to claims 1 - 14, characterized in that when using increased return speed another AND gate (4-9) is provided, which in the Demand for an increased number of stages controls an overdrive relay (51) that controls the armature (21) of the switchgear motor to a higher voltage than with normal return » 16ο control according to claims 1 «15, characterized in that when using the brake control with speed sub-awakening, the command is sent to the pulse relay (38) (continuous voltage) via an AND element (48) or equivalent switching element, which both from the brake command CZ ? J al8 is also controlled by the comparison between the drive motor speed (tachometer dynamo 70) and the switching mechanism position (potentiometer 43). 17 · Control according to claims 1 - 16, characterized by = net that between the AND gates (48, 49) and the circuit for comparing the engine speed (70) with the Switching mechanism position (43) is preceded by a measuring element (trigger), one of which (46) promotes each switching and the other (47) only when switching requests with increased Speed passes the command « 18. Control according to claims 1 - 17 »characterized in that that the transistor (105) of the current monitor (100) is activated for the duration of the switching mechanism movement 9 0 9812/0188 Braking position is made conductive so that the capacitor (TO *) can charge only "if the braking position has been reached, and that the capacitor is dimensioned to ₈ that the effective voltage to the response of the trigger for pulsing (! Rendering conductive of the transistor) only is reached when the time required to build up the braking current in the traction motors has elapsed. 19- Control according to claims 1 - 18, characterized in that the comparison circuit between the tachometer voltage and the switchgear position (potentiometer 4-5) contains a member which adds an opposite voltage to the potentiometer voltage; njr) is proportional, so that the sum of these two voltages when the potentiometer voltage changes rapidly is lower than this alone, which means that the two triggers (46, 4-7) switch back earlier before the braking stage to be controlled is reached, and thus the switching motor remove the voltage, the higher its speed has become during the run. 20. Control according to claims 1-19 »characterized in that that the element emitting the additional voltage consists of a resistor or span bridged by a capacitor (66) voltage divider exists. 909812/0188