DE1430759B

DE1430759B - Drive arrangement for driven, steered vehicle wheels

Info

Publication number: DE1430759B
Authority: DE
Inventors: Ludwig Dipl Ing 8071 Wettstetten Enke Kurt Dr Ing 7312 Kirchheim B60k 17 04 Kraus
Original assignee: Daimler Benz AG
Current assignee: Daimler Benz AG

Description

1 21 2

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Antriebsanordnung für Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe erfolgt dadurch, daß angetriebene, gelenkte Kraftfahrzeugräder, die am die die Gelenkwellen antreibenden Antriebsglieder Fahrzeugoberbau etwa parallel zu diesem geführt auf- des Differentialgetriebes in der Ruhelage des Fahrgehängt sind, so daß sie sich bei scharfer Kurvenfahrt zeuges tiefer als die Mittelachsen der über die Gemit dem Fahrzeugoberbau nach der Kurvenaußen- 5 lenke mit veränderlichem Winkel angetriebenen geseite neigen, mit einem mindestens mit teilweiser lenkten Räder angeordnet sind.
Sperrwirkung arbeitenden Differentialgetriebe und Hierdurch wird erreicht, daß bei nach außen gemit einem Paar von Gelenkwellen, die je ein An- richteter Kurvenneigung des Fahrzeugoberbaus und triebsgelenk aufweisen, welches den Antrieb von der damit auch der Räder der Winkel des resultierenden Gelenkwelle in einem mit der Durchfederung des io Momentenvektors im Antriebsgelenk relativ zur zuRades veränderlichen Winkel auf das Rad weiter- geordneten Radmittelachse sich zwar auf der kurvenleiten, äußeren Fahrzeugseite vergrößert, auf der kurven-The invention relates to a drive arrangement for The solution of this object is achieved in that driven, steered motor vehicle wheels, which are guided on the drive elements driving the articulated shafts of the vehicle superstructure approximately parallel to this, are suspended on the differential gear in the rest position of the driving, so that they are in sharp cornering This is deeper than the central axes of the sides, which are driven at a variable angle via the Gemit of the vehicle superstructure after the outside of the curve, are arranged with at least partially steered wheels.
Locking effect working differential gear and this achieves that with outwardly with a pair of cardan shafts, each of which has an arranged curve inclination of the vehicle superstructure and drive joint, which the drive of the thus also the wheels of the angle of the resulting cardan shaft in one with the deflection of the io torque vector in the drive joint relative to the variable angle to the wheel on the wheel.

Bei bekannten Antriebsanordnungen dieser Art inneren Fahrzeugseite dagegen verringert,In known drive arrangements of this type, on the other hand, the inner side of the vehicle is reduced,

sind die die Gelenkwellen antreibenden Antriebs- Da bei der Kurvenfahrt das Hauptantriebsmomentare the drives that drive the cardan shafts, as the main drive torque when cornering

glieder des Differentialgetriebes in der Normalstel- 15 auf das kurveninnere Rad fällt, ist hier die Verringe-members of the differential gear in the normal position 15 falls on the inside wheel, here is the reduction

lung des Fahrzeuges in Höhe der Mittelachsen der rung des der Lenkung entgegenwirkenden, verhärten-development of the vehicle at the height of the central axes of the hardening counteracting the steering

Räder angeordnet. Fährt das Fahrzeug in eine Kurve den, auslenkenden Momentes besonders wirkungs-Wheels arranged. If the vehicle drives into a curve at the deflecting moment, it is particularly effective

und stellen sich hierbei die Räder entsprechend der voll, so daß auch das aus den entsprechendenand here the wheels are set according to the full, so that also from the corresponding

Neigung des Fahrzeugoberbaus schräg zur Fahrbahn, Momenten beider Räder resultierende aus-Inclination of the vehicle superstructure at an angle to the roadway, torques of both wheels resulting from

so nehmen auch die die Räder antreibenden Gelenk- 20 lenkende Gesamtmoment wesentlich niedrigerso the total joint steering torque driving the wheels is also much lower

wellen beider Fahrzeugseiten eine gleiche Schräglage als bei üblicherweise in Höhe der Radmittelachsenwaves on both sides of the vehicle have the same inclination as is usually the case at the height of the wheel center axes

zur Fahrbahn ein. Hierbei tritt eine Verhärtung der angeordnetem Differentialgetriebe gehalten werdento the lane. In this case, the arranged differential gears harden

Lenkung infolge des Antriebes auf, und zwar um so kann.Steering as a result of the drive on, and so can.

mehr, je schärfer eine Kurve vom Fahrzeug genom- Ist z. B. die Anordnung derart getroffen, daß bei men wird. Eine solche Verhärtung ist auf mehrere 25 scharfer Kurvenfahrt die Gelenkwelle des kurven-Gründe zurückzuführen, von denen der wesentlichste inneren Rades in Richtung der Radmittelachse liegt, darin besteht, daß der resultierende Momentenvektor könnte das der Lenkung entgegenwirkende, verhärdes Antriebs bei zur Radmittelachse abgewinkelter tende Moment am kurveninneren Rad unter Um-Gelenkwelle in eine von der Radmittelachse ab- ständen bis auf Null verringert werden,
weichende Richtung abgelenkt wird, die bei homo- 30 In besonderem Maße wirkt sich die Erfindung kinetischem Gelenk (Gleichganggelenk) senkrecht dann aus, wenn statt eines normalen Differentialauf der Winkelhalbierenden zwischen der Achse der getriebes ein sogenanntes Sperrdifferentialgetriebe Gelenkwelle und der Radmittelachse, also zwischen mit zusätzlichen Sperrmitteln verwendet wird, da das der Antriebs- und der Abtriebswelle des das Rad an- Gesamtantriebsmoment sich hauptsächlich nur auf treibenden Gelenkes, steht. Die lotrechte, der Rad- 35 das kurveninnere Rad verteilt und somit bei gleichebene parallele Komponente dieses Vektors sucht das zeitiger erfindungsgemäßer Anordnung des Gelenk-Rad um dessen Lenkachse zu drehen und muß von wellenantriebes die hauptsächlich auf der Kurvender Lenkung aufgenommen werden. innenseite wirkenden auslenkenden Vektorkompo-more, the sharper a curve is taken by the vehicle. B. the arrangement is made so that when men is. Such a hardening can be traced back to several sharp cornering of the cardan shaft of the curve-reasons, of which the most essential inner wheel is in the direction of the wheel center axis, consists in the fact that the resulting torque vector could counteract the steering, hardening drive with the torque angled to the wheel center axis be reduced to zero on the wheel on the inside of the curve under Um-cardan shaft at a distance from the wheel center axis,
30 In particular, the invention of a kinetic joint (constant velocity joint) has a vertical effect when instead of a normal differential on the bisector between the axis of the transmission, a so-called limited-slip differential drive shaft and the wheel center axis, i.e. between with additional Locking means is used, since the drive shaft and the output shaft of the wheel to the total drive torque is mainly only on the driving joint. The vertical, the wheel 35 distributes the inside wheel and thus with the same plane parallel component of this vector seeks the earlier inventive arrangement of the articulated wheel to rotate around its steering axis and must be absorbed by the shaft drive mainly on the curves of the steering. deflecting vector composite acting on the inside

Werden die beiden gelenkten Räder des Radpaares nenten auf einen sehr kleinen Bruchteil verringertIf the two steered wheels of the wheel pair are reduced to a very small fraction

durch ein Differentialgetriebe angetrieben, das in 40 werden können.driven by a differential gear that can be in 40.

Ruhestellung des Fahrzeuges in Höhe der Radmittel- Es sind zwar Antriebsanordnungen bekannt, beiRest position of the vehicle at the level of the wheel center There are drive arrangements known in

achsen oder etwa in Höhe derselben liegt, wobei jedes denen das Differentialgetriebe tiefer als die Mittel-axes or approximately at the same level, each of which the differential gear is lower than the central

der beiden Räder durch je eine Gelenkwelle ange- achsen der Räder angeordnet ist. Doch handelt esof the two wheels is arranged axially of the wheels by a cardan shaft each. But it does

trieben wird, und nimmt der Fahrzeugoberbau — zu- sich hierbei um Starrachsen, bei denen die Räder inis driven, and the vehicle superstructure increases - here around rigid axles, in which the wheels are in

sammen mit den Rädern — bei Kurvenfahrt eine Nei- 45 unveränderlicher Lage auf der Starrachse gelagerttogether with the wheels - when cornering, a never-changing 45 position is stored on the rigid axle

gung nach der Kurvenaußenseite ein, so tritt infolge sind, so daß sie sich bei Kurvenfahrt nicht zusam-on the outside of the curve, it occurs as a result, so that they do not come together when cornering.

der Abwinkelung der Gelenkwellen sowohl am kur- men mit dem Fahrzeugoberbau neigen. Hier tritt dasthe bending of the cardan shafts and the curve with the vehicle superstructure. This is where that occurs

venäußeren als auch am kurveninneren Rad je eine der Erfindung zugrunde liegende Problem nicht auf,both on the outside and on the inside of the bend do not have a problem on which the invention is based,

»auslenkende« Vektorkomponente des Antriebs in da eine Änderung auslenkender Vektorkomponenten"Deflecting" vector component of the drive into a change in deflecting vector components

der Radebene auf, die das Rad nach der Kurven- 50 des Antriebes niemals entstehen kann, unabhängigthe wheel plane on which the wheel can never arise after the curve 50 of the drive, independently

außenseite zu drehen sucht, also der Lenkbewegung davon, wie hoch oder wie tief das Differentialgetriebetrying to turn outside, i.e. the steering movement of how high or how deep the differential gear

des Rades entgegengerichtet ist. angeordnet ist.of the wheel is opposite. is arranged.

Andererseits übt das Differentialgetriebe bei Kur- Gleiches gilt auch für Antriebsanordnungen mit venfahrt eine Sperrwirkung aus, derart, daß das Pendelhalbachsen, bei denen die Räder eine unverkurvenäußere Rad, da es schneller läuft und dadurch 55 änderliche Winkellage auf den zu ihrer Lagerung gebremst wird, mit geringerem Moment als das kur- dienenden Pendelachsen einnehmen. Der Momentenveninnere Rad angetrieben wird. Bei einem normalen vektor des Antriebes fällt hierbei mit der Mittel-Differentialgetriebe, bei dem die Sperrwirkung etwa achse der Pendelhalbachse zusammen, so daß eine 13% beträgt, würde also das kurvenäußere Rad mit auslenkende Vektorkomponente des Antriebes nicht etwa 87%, das kurveninnere Rad mit etwa 113% 60 entsteht, abgesehen davon, daß es sich bei Pendeides ohne die Sperrwirkung auftretenden Durchtriebs- halbachsen in der Regel nicht um gelenkte, sondern momentes angetrieben werden. In gleichem Maße um nichtgelenkte Räder handelt,
ändert sich auch die auslenkende Vektorkomponente Dieses gilt auch, wenn die Mittelachse der Räder des Antriebs. zur Achse der Pendelhalbachsen versetzt ist, letztereOn the other hand, the differential gear also exerts a locking effect for drive arrangements with venfahrt, such that the pendulum half-axles, in which the wheels have a non-curve outer wheel, because it runs faster and thereby 55 variable angular position is braked to the storage, with take less moment than the curving pendulum axle. The moment inner wheel is driven. With a normal vector of the drive this coincides with the middle differential gear, in which the locking effect about the axis of the pendulum half-axis coincides, so that a 13%, so the outside wheel with the deflecting vector component of the drive would not be about 87%, the inside wheel with about 113% 60 arises, apart from the fact that with Pendeides without the locking effect occurring through-drive half-axles are usually not steered, but torque driven. To the same extent, it is a question of non-steered wheels,
the deflecting vector component also changes. This also applies if the central axis of the drive wheels. is offset to the axis of the pendulum half-axes, the latter

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Antriebsanord- 65 also beispielsweise tiefer als die Radmittelachse nung der eingangs genannten Art so auszubilden, daß liegen, da auch in diesem Falle eine Winkeländerung die das Lenken verhärtende Wirkung des Antriebs zwischen Radmittelachse und Mittelachse der Pendelmöglichst herabgesetzt wird. halbachse nicht eintritt und außerdem bei bekannten The object of the invention is to provide a drive arrangement 65 that is, for example, lower than the wheel center axis tion of the type mentioned in such a way that lie, as in this case, too, a change in angle the steering hardening effect of the drive between the wheel center axis and the center axis of the pendulum is reduced as much as possible. half-axis does not occur and also with known ones

Claims

3 43 4

Arrangements of this type steer the wheels in the same direction as the vector components F ₀

is also not provided. or Y of the opposite wheel, i.e. also

An embodiment of the invention is shown in hand if the steering movement of the wheels counteracts the drawing explained in more detail. Here she shows him how to turn it towards the outside of the curve

F i g. 1 looks for the scheme of a vehicle at sharp 5.

Cornering (namely in a right-hand bend from It is initially assumed that the difference

seen from behind),. Rential gear occupy the position D ₀ , in such a way that at

2 shows the vector diagram for cornering on the outside of the curve, the angles between the cardan shaft g ₀

Wheel, and the wheel journal χ on the one hand and between the

F i g. 3 the vector diagram for the inside of the curve io cardan shaft g ₀ and the wheel journal x ¹ on the other hand

Rad. Are the same size. Since due to the locking effect of the

In Fig. 1 is F the vehicle superstructure, r the cam ^: differential gear A ₀ < A ₀ ', is also F ₀ < Y ₀ .

outer, / the wheel on the inside of the curve, where with χ and x ' the differential gear is set lower, e.g. Am

the position of the differential gear D which coincides with the wheel center axes increases

driven wheel journals and with G or G ' the 15 corresponding to Fig. 2 the deflecting vector compo-

same driving, high kinetic drive joints nente Y ₀ according to the larger angle α

are designated. By way of comparison, two on the outside of the curve are on Y on, but are reduced in size

Orders of cardan shaft drives opposite one another - the vector component F ₀ 'from F'. Under the

posed, on the one hand an arrangement with practical conditions now reduces the

a (dashed line) differential gear ao steering vector component on the inside of the curve

D ₀ with cardan shafts g ₀ and g ₀ , whereby the dif- ferential side is stronger than the deflecting vector component

rential gear when driving straight ahead at the level of the wheel on the outside of the curve increases, so

central axis is, and on the other hand an arrangement y'_y-> y_y

tion with a lower differential gear D, 0 °

with lateral cardan shafts g or g '. 25 ° _M _ _v τ y <■ ^ »^ _ ν, C

The through the cardan shafts g or g ' in the an ^M * ~ ^r « ^{+ r} ° ■ ^{> M} ~ ^{X + X} '

drive joint G or G ' introduced drive torque The difference between the total deflected

is, as an investigation shows, only with a mo- ment moment

ment component on the wheel journal χ or x ' ^ f = Y - \ - Y'

forwarded. If, for example, W ₀ or w is the angle 30

bisecting between g ₀ and χ or g and χ am Kur- with an arrangement of the differential gear D ₀ in

ve outer wheel r, the vector A ₀ or A of the height of the wheel center axis and the entire out-

occurring in the joint G , acting on the wheel steering moment

the moment of action and also the opposite iu - γ 4. v ^f

set directed vector R ₀ or R of the reaction 35 Mi-

moment perpendicular to the assigned angular with lower lying differential gear D is here

bisecting W ₀ or w, whereby the vector A ₀ is greater, the greater the locking effect of the

Angle <x ₀ , the vector A is an angle α with the wheel differential gear.

forms central axis. The vector A ₀ is set in the transition to the borderline case in which as a result

according to FIG. 2 from an axial component X 40 with a strong locking effect, the component F ₀ (and thus

and one in a direction perpendicular to this, which is also the component F) opposite the component

Vector component Y lying in the center of the wheel, the F ₀ 'becomes negligibly small and the component

Vector A correspondingly from the axial component X component F 'as a result of lowering the differential against

and the vector component F together. While zero goes, the entire deflecting mo-

the axial component X, the drive of the wheel, M largely approximated the value zero

acts, via the vector components F ₀ and F become one.

undesirable deflecting steering effect on the wheel When driving straight ahead, when lying low, they lift

by changing the wheel (seen from above in Fig. 1) due to the symmetrical opposing

counter-clockwise, i.e. in the outward direction of the curve, the angular position of the cardan shafts

Looking for direction to turn and thereby the steering of the 50 kenden vector components of the through-drive torques

Make it difficult for the wheel to enter the curve. each other up.

The same applies to the inside of the curve. There

the inside wheel / in the same direction of rotation as claims:
the outside wheel r is driven, the

Moment of action with the vector A ₀ or A ' so the 55 1st drive arrangement for driven, same direction (towards the outside of the curve) as steered vehicle wheels that have suspended the moment of action with the vector A ₀ or A bau guided approximately parallel to the top of the vehicle must, this results in FIG. 3 are shown so that they are in sharp cornering with vector diagram. The vectors. <4 ₀ 'and A _0' are the vehicle superstructure according to the Kurvenaußenhierbei perpendicular to the bisector W _0, 60 side tend, with an at least with partial vectors A 'and R' vertical operating on the angular locking effect differential gear and bisecting w ', in contrast to the curve with a pair of cardan shafts, each of which has an outer side of the vehicle, the mentioned torque drive joint, which the drive of vectors are directed in pairs against one another. of the cardan shaft in one with the deflection Corresponding to the angles « ₀ and « , the 65 angles of the wheel that can be changed on the wheel vectors can be passed on again into an axial component X ' and in, characterized in that a deflecting vector component perpendicular to this g and g ') disassemble the driving component F ₀ ' and F ', of which the latter drive members of the differential gear (D) in

the rest position of the vehicle is lower than the central axes (x and x ') of the steered wheels (r and r') that are driven at a variable angle via the joints (G and G ').

2. Drive arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the differential gear (D) is designed in a manner known per se as a limited-slip differential gear with additional locking means.

3. Drive arrangement according to claim 1 and 2, characterized by such a deep arrangement of the propeller shafts (g, g ') driving the drive members of the differential gear (D) that when cornering the steering movement counteracting deflecting vector component (Y ₀ ') of the drive torque of the inside of the curve Vehicle side is reduced to or almost to zero.

1 sheet of drawings