DE1295681B - Oscillator with an amplitude limiter in the output circuit - Google Patents

Oscillator with an amplitude limiter in the output circuit

Info

Publication number
DE1295681B
DE1295681B DES89477A DES0089477A DE1295681B DE 1295681 B DE1295681 B DE 1295681B DE S89477 A DES89477 A DE S89477A DE S0089477 A DES0089477 A DE S0089477A DE 1295681 B DE1295681 B DE 1295681B
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
oscillator
output circuit
amplitude limiter
circuit
frequency
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
DES89477A
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Reebs Hans-Juergen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to DES89477A priority Critical patent/DE1295681B/en
Priority to NL656501587A priority patent/NL153039B/en
Priority to SE1780/65A priority patent/SE312156B/xx
Priority to BE659678D priority patent/BE659678A/xx
Publication of DE1295681B publication Critical patent/DE1295681B/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
    • H03B5/08—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
    • H03B5/12—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
    • H03B5/1231—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device the amplifier comprising one or more bipolar transistors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
    • H03B5/08—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
    • H03B5/12—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
    • H03B5/1203—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device the amplifier being a single transistor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
    • H03B5/08—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
    • H03B5/12—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
    • H03B5/1237—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device comprising means for varying the frequency of the generator
    • H03B5/124—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device comprising means for varying the frequency of the generator the means comprising a voltage dependent capacitance
    • H03B5/1243—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device comprising means for varying the frequency of the generator the means comprising a voltage dependent capacitance the means comprising voltage variable capacitance diodes

Landscapes

  • Oscillators With Electromechanical Resonators (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Oszillator mit einem frequenzbestimmenden Element, vorzugsweise einem Schwingquarz, im Rückkopplungsweg und einem Amplitudenbegrenzer im Ausgangskreis.The invention relates to an oscillator with a frequency-determining Element, preferably a quartz oscillator, in the feedback path and an amplitude limiter in the starting circle.

Es sind Oszillatoren bekannt, bei denen die Rückkopplung über eine Brücke erfolgt, die in einem Zweig mindestens eine fremdgesteuerte Regeldiode aufweist und in einem anderen Zweig ein frequenzbestimmendes Element, vorzugsweise einen Schwingkristall, enthält. Oszillatoren dieser Art zeichnen sich unter anderem durch hohe Frequenztreue aus. Ferner ist die für die zur `Spannungsbegrenzung dienenden Dioden aufzubringende Steuerleistung gering. Das ist vor allem dann erforderlich, wenn der Osziliator einen Schwingkristall enthält, weil Schwingkristalle bekanntlich nur mit sehr geringer Leistung beaufschlagt werden dürfen, da sie ansonsten rasch zerstört werden oder aber sich in ihrer Frequenz über die Zeit unzulässig stark ändern.There are known oscillators in which the feedback via a Bridge takes place, which has at least one externally controlled control diode in a branch and in another branch a frequency-determining element, preferably one Oscillating crystal contains. Oscillators of this type are characterized by, among other things high frequency fidelity. Furthermore, the `` voltage limitation '' is used for the Control power to be applied by diodes is low. This is especially necessary if the oscillator contains a vibrating crystal, because vibrating crystals are well known may only be used with very little power, otherwise they are quick be destroyed or their frequency becomes impermissibly strong over time change.

Nachteilig ist jedoch, daß in derartigen Brückenoszillatoren der Wirkwiderstand des frequenzbestimmenden Kristalls durch den Begrenzungswiderstand nachgebildet werden muß. Der Blindanteil des dynamischen Widerstands nimmt nun aber unterhalb eines typenabhängigen Widerstandswerts in Folge der Durchlaßträgheit des Halbleiters stark zu, so daß sich die Frequenz der Oszillatorschwingung unzulässig ändert. Da der Wirkwiderstand von Quarzen im Frequenzbereich über 1 MHz in der Regel kleiner als der vorgenannte typenabhängige Widerstandswert des dynamischen Diodenwiderstands ist, läßt sich also der Quarz durch die Halbleiterdioden nicht mehr phasenrein nachbilden.However, it is disadvantageous that the effective resistance in such bridge oscillators of the frequency-determining crystal is simulated by the limiting resistor must become. The reactive component of the dynamic resistance now decreases below a type-dependent resistance value as a result of the forward inertia of the semiconductor too, so that the frequency of the oscillator oscillation changes impermissibly. There the effective resistance of crystals in the frequency range above 1 MHz is usually smaller than the aforementioned type-dependent resistance value of the dynamic diode resistance is, the quartz can no longer be reproduced in a single phase by the semiconductor diodes.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen Oszillator zu schaffen, bei dem der vorgenannte Nachteil vermieden ist.The object of the invention is to create an oscillator in which the aforementioned disadvantage is avoided.

Der Oszillator wird gemäß der Erfindung so ausgebildet, daß als Amplitudenbegrenzer mindestens eine Halbleiterdiode verwendet ist, die von einem ihren dynamischen Widerstand bestimmenden Regelgleichstrom, der von der Ausgangsspannung abgeleitet ist, durchflossen ist und die derart in den Ausgangskreis eingefügt ist, daß die Schwingbedingung für Werte des dynamischen Widerstands erfüllt ist, bei denen der durch die Durchlaßträgheit des Halbleiters bedingte Blindwiderstand vernachlässigbar ist.The oscillator is designed according to the invention so that as an amplitude limiter at least one semiconductor diode is used by one of its dynamic resistance determining control direct current, which is derived from the output voltage, flows through and which is inserted into the output circuit in such a way that the oscillation condition for values of the dynamic resistance is fulfilled in which the through inertia of the semiconductor caused reactance is negligible.

Durch diese Maßnahmen vermeidet man unter Beibehaltung der Vorteile der eingangs erläuterten, bekannten Schaltung das schwierige Nachbildungsproblem. Ferner läßt sich dadurch ein wesentlich einfacherer Aufbau des Oszillators erreichen.By taking these measures, one avoids while maintaining the advantages the known circuit explained at the beginning, the difficult simulation problem. Furthermore, a significantly simpler structure of the oscillator can be achieved in this way.

An Hand der Ausführungsbeispiele nach den F i g. 1 bis 5 wird die Erfindung näher erläutert.On the basis of the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 1 to 5 becomes the Invention explained in more detail.

In F i g. 1 ist die Schaltung eines Transistor-Quarzoszillators gezeigt, in dem die begrenzende Diode 2 dem Kollektorkreis des Transistors 1 parallel geschaltet ist. Der Quarz 3 und der Ziehkondensator 4 liegen im Rückkopplungsweg des Oszillators, die Kapazität 5 dient zur Entkopplung. Der Regelstrom IR wird von außen zugeführt.In Fig. 1 shows the circuit of a transistor crystal oscillator in which the limiting diode 2 is connected in parallel to the collector circuit of the transistor 1. The quartz 3 and the pull capacitor 4 are in the feedback path of the oscillator, the capacitance 5 is used for decoupling. The control current IR is supplied from the outside.

F i g. 2 zeigt eine Anordnung, bei der zwei Halbleiterdioden 6, 7 wechselstrommäßig antiparallel geschaltet sind, wodurch gegenüber der Schaltungsanordnung nach F i g.1 eine Klirrminderung erreicht wird.F i g. 2 shows an arrangement in which two semiconductor diodes 6, 7 are connected in antiparallel alternating current, whereby compared to the circuit arrangement according to FIG. 1 a distortion reduction is achieved.

Bei den Schaltungsanordnungen nach den F i g. 3 bis 5 sind die Begrenzerdioden jeweils über einen übertrager an den Oszillatorschwingkreis angekoppelt. Diese Schaltungsanordnungen zeigen außerdem Schaltmöglichkeiten für die Begrenzerdioden auf, wobei der Aufbau der Begrenzerschaltungen jeweils demjenigen von bekannten Gleichrichterschaltungen entspricht. So entspricht beispielsweise der Begrenzerschaltungsanordnung 8 in der Oszillatorschaltung nach Fig.3 eine Zweiwege-Gleichrichteranordnung und der Begrenzeranordnung 9 nach F i g. 5 die bekannte Graetz-Gleichrichterschaltung. In der Schaltungsanordnung nach F i g. 4 -und 5 ist die Mittelanzapfung des in F i g. 3 verwendeten übertiagers 10 nicht erforderlich. Jedoch hat--die Schaltungsanordnung nach F i g. -3 den Vorteil, daß der Bauteilebedarf bei ihr am kleinsten ist.In the circuit arrangements according to FIGS. 3 to 5, the limiter diodes are each coupled to the oscillator circuit via a transformer. These circuit arrangements also show switching options for the limiter diodes, the structure of the limiter circuits each corresponding to that of known rectifier circuits. For example, the limiter circuit arrangement 8 in the oscillator circuit according to FIG. 3 corresponds to a two-way rectifier arrangement and the limiter arrangement 9 according to FIG. 5 the well-known Graetz rectifier circuit. In the circuit arrangement according to FIG. 4 and 5 is the center tap of the FIG. 3 used überiagers 10 not required. However, the circuit arrangement according to FIG. -3 has the advantage that it has the smallest component requirement.

Claims (1)

Patentanspruch: Oszillator mit einem frequenzbestimmenden Element, vorzugsweise einem Schwingquarz, im Rückkopplungsweg und einem Amplitudenbegrenzer im Ausgangskreis, dadurch g e k e n n -z e i c h n e t, daß als Amplitudenbegrenzer mindestens eine Halbleiterdiode verwendet ist, die von einem ihren dynamischen Widerstand bestimmenden Regelgleichstrom, der von der Ausgangsspannung abgeleitet ist, durchflossen ist und die derart in den Ausgangskreis eingefügt ist, daß die Schwingbedingung für Werte des dynamischen Widerstands erfüllt ist, bei denen der durch die Durchlaßträgheit des Halbleiters bedingte Blindwiderstand vernachlässigbar ist.Claim: oscillator with a frequency-determining element, preferably a quartz oscillator in the feedback path and an amplitude limiter in the output circuit, thereby g e k e n n n -z e i c h n e t that as an amplitude limiter at least one semiconductor diode is used by one of its dynamic resistance determining control direct current, which is derived from the output voltage, flows through and which is inserted into the output circuit in such a way that the oscillation condition for values of the dynamic resistance is fulfilled in which the through inertia of the semiconductor caused reactance is negligible.
DES89477A 1964-02-13 1964-02-13 Oscillator with an amplitude limiter in the output circuit Pending DE1295681B (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DES89477A DE1295681B (en) 1964-02-13 1964-02-13 Oscillator with an amplitude limiter in the output circuit
NL656501587A NL153039B (en) 1964-02-13 1965-02-09 OSCILLATOR CIRCUIT.
SE1780/65A SE312156B (en) 1964-02-13 1965-02-11
BE659678D BE659678A (en) 1964-02-13 1965-02-12

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DES89477A DE1295681B (en) 1964-02-13 1964-02-13 Oscillator with an amplitude limiter in the output circuit

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE1295681B true DE1295681B (en) 1969-05-22

Family

ID=7515136

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DES89477A Pending DE1295681B (en) 1964-02-13 1964-02-13 Oscillator with an amplitude limiter in the output circuit

Country Status (4)

Country Link
BE (1) BE659678A (en)
DE (1) DE1295681B (en)
NL (1) NL153039B (en)
SE (1) SE312156B (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4580109A (en) * 1984-11-23 1986-04-01 Tektronix, Inc. Low noise oscillator

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE830073C (en) * 1948-10-02 1952-01-31 Telefunken Gmbh Circuit arrangement to reduce interference
DE1103993B (en) * 1955-10-27 1961-04-06 Teletype Corp Crystal-controlled transistor oscillating circuit
US3068419A (en) * 1960-09-23 1962-12-11 Philco Corp Amplitude limiter bridge with conjugate signal input and limited output
DE1153083B (en) * 1958-02-25 1963-08-22 Dictaphone Company Ltd Circuit for regulating and limiting the amplitude of alternating voltages
US3114116A (en) * 1959-10-14 1963-12-10 Siemens Ag Stabilized bridge oscillation generator
DE1160510B (en) * 1961-02-24 1964-01-02 Siemens Ag Circuit arrangement for automatically holding constant the voltage of transistor pilot voltage sources for carrier frequency systems

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE830073C (en) * 1948-10-02 1952-01-31 Telefunken Gmbh Circuit arrangement to reduce interference
DE1103993B (en) * 1955-10-27 1961-04-06 Teletype Corp Crystal-controlled transistor oscillating circuit
DE1153083B (en) * 1958-02-25 1963-08-22 Dictaphone Company Ltd Circuit for regulating and limiting the amplitude of alternating voltages
US3114116A (en) * 1959-10-14 1963-12-10 Siemens Ag Stabilized bridge oscillation generator
US3068419A (en) * 1960-09-23 1962-12-11 Philco Corp Amplitude limiter bridge with conjugate signal input and limited output
DE1160510B (en) * 1961-02-24 1964-01-02 Siemens Ag Circuit arrangement for automatically holding constant the voltage of transistor pilot voltage sources for carrier frequency systems

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4580109A (en) * 1984-11-23 1986-04-01 Tektronix, Inc. Low noise oscillator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL153039B (en) 1977-04-15
NL6501587A (en) 1965-08-16
BE659678A (en) 1965-08-12
SE312156B (en) 1969-07-07

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