DE1245999B - Use of liquid hydrocarbons as an auxiliary coolant to liquefy and re-evaporate methane or natural gas - Google Patents

Use of liquid hydrocarbons as an auxiliary coolant to liquefy and re-evaporate methane or natural gas

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Publication number
DE1245999B
DE1245999B DENDAT1245999D DE1245999DA DE1245999B DE 1245999 B DE1245999 B DE 1245999B DE NDAT1245999 D DENDAT1245999 D DE NDAT1245999D DE 1245999D A DE1245999D A DE 1245999DA DE 1245999 B DE1245999 B DE 1245999B
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Prior art keywords
natural gas
methane
atmospheric pressure
liquid
use according
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Pending
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DENDAT1245999D
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German (de)
Inventor
Den Haag Alfred Louis van Kleef
Original Assignee
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij N. V., Den Haag
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Publication of DE1245999B publication Critical patent/DE1245999B/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F17C9/04—Recovery of thermal energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0045—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by vaporising a liquid return stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0221—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop
    • F25J1/0223—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop in combination with the subsequent re-vaporisation of the originally liquefied gas at a second location to produce the external cryogenic component
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
    • F25J1/0251—Intermittent or alternating process, so-called batch process, e.g. "peak-shaving"
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0275—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
    • F25J1/0277—Offshore use, e.g. during shipping
    • F25J1/0278—Unit being stationary, e.g. on floating barge or fixed platform
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/035—Propane butane, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0309—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/24—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using regenerators, cold accumulators or reversible heat exchangers

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Description

BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSCHLANDFEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

DEUTSCHESGERMAN

PATENTAMTPATENT OFFICE

AUSLEGESCHRIFTEDITORIAL

Int. CL:Int. CL:

F17cF17c

Deutsche Kl.: 17 g-5/02 German class: 17 g -5/02

Nummer: 1 245 999Number: 1 245 999

Aktenzeichen: S 1004061 a/17 gFile number: S 1004061 a / 17 g

Anmeldetag: 8. November 1965Filing date: November 8, 1965

Auslegetag: 3. August 1967Opened on August 3, 1967

Es ist bekannt, Methan oder Erdgas an seinem Produktionsort durch tiefes Kühlen zu verflüssigen. Da der Siedepunkt von Methan oder Erdgas bei Atmosphärendruck etwa bei —160° C liegt, werden jedoch für das Kühlen verhältnismäßig große Energiemengen benötigt, und die Kosten einer Verflüssigungsanlage sind dementsprechend hoch. Es ist weiterhin bekannt, zur Verringerung dieser Kosten die beim Wiederverdampfen des Gases freiwerdende Verdunstungswärme auf einen Hilfskälteträger zu übetragen, diesen zu speichern und die mitgespeicherte Kälte im Bedarfsfall an ein neues Quantum Gas abzugeben. Das verflüssigte Gas wird dann zum Ausgleich periodischer Verbrauchsschwankungen gespeichert oder an einen vom Produktionsort entfernten Ort des Verbrauchers transportiert und bei Bedarf wiederverdampft. It is known to liquefy methane or natural gas at its production site by deep cooling. There However, the boiling point of methane or natural gas at atmospheric pressure is around -160 ° C relatively large amounts of energy are required for cooling, and the costs of a liquefaction plant are accordingly high. It is also known to reduce these costs by the Re-evaporation of the gas to transfer the evaporation heat released to an auxiliary coolant, to store this and, if necessary, to transfer the stored cold to a new quantum of gas. The liquefied gas is then stored or to compensate for periodic fluctuations in consumption transported to a location of the consumer away from the production site and re-evaporated if necessary.

Es wurde auch bereits vorgeschlagen, wenn Produktionsort und Verbrauchsort des Gases weit auseinanderliegen, den am Verbrauchsort durch das Verdampfen des Gases stark abgekühlten Hilfskälteträger im Wechsel mit dem flüssigen Methan oder Erdgas in demselben Behälter zum Produktionsort zu transportieren.It has also already been suggested if the place of production and the place of consumption of the gas are far apart, the auxiliary coolant, which has been greatly cooled at the point of consumption by the evaporation of the gas alternating with the liquid methane or natural gas in the same container to the production site to transport.

Als Hilfskälteträger wurden bisher flüssiger Sauerstoff, flüssige Luft, flüssiger Stickstoff oder flüssiges Ammoniak vorgeschlagen. Diese bei Normaltemperatur und Normaldruck gasförmigen Stoffe weisen jedoch Nachteile auf, die ihre Verwendung weniger geeignet erscheinen lassen. Flüssiger Sauerstoff und flüssige Luft bilden mit Metahan oder Erdgas selbst bei tiefen Temperaturen explosible Gemische und können daher nicht im Wechsel mit dem verflüssigten Gas in demselben Behälter transportiert oder gelagert werden. Sie sind als solche nicht verfügbar, sondern müssens eigens dargestellt werden und gehen bei der Abgabe der gespeicherten Kälte wieder in den gasförmigen Zustand über und müssen dann abgeblasen werden. Flüssiger Stickstoff kann zwar im Wechsel mit dem verflüssigten Gas im gleichen Behälter gelagert oder transportiert werden, ist aber ebenso wie flüssiger Sauerstoff oder flüssige Luft nicht als solcher verfügbar, sondern muß aus einer Lufttrennungsanlage bezogen werden. Zwar kann diese durch die Verwertung des gleichzeitig mitanfallenden flüssigen Sauerstoffes rentabilisiert werden, aber die Wiederverdampfung des flüssigen Erdgases muß in jedem Fall mit einer solchen Lufttrennungsanlage und der Verwertung des flüssigen Sauerstoffes gekoppelt werden. Auch der wiederverdampfte Stickstoff wird in die Atmosphäre abgeblasen und stellt somit praktisch einen Verlust dar. Ammoniak schließlich kann wegen Verwendung von flüssigen KohlenwasserstoffenUp to now, liquid oxygen, liquid air, liquid nitrogen or liquid have been used as auxiliary coolants Ammonia suggested. However, these substances, which are gaseous at normal temperature and normal pressure Disadvantages that make their use appear less suitable. Liquid oxygen and liquid Air and metahane or natural gas form explosive mixtures even at low temperatures and can therefore not be transported or stored alternately with the liquefied gas in the same container. They are not available as such, but have to be specially presented and go to the The stored cold is released back into the gaseous state and must then be blown off will. Liquid nitrogen can be stored alternately with the liquefied gas in the same container or transported, but like liquid oxygen or liquid air, it is not as such available, but must be obtained from an air separation system. Although this can be done by the Utilization of the liquid oxygen that occurs at the same time can be profitable, but re-evaporation of the liquid natural gas must in any case with such an air separation system and the Utilization of the liquid oxygen are coupled. The re-evaporated nitrogen is also used in the atmosphere is blown off and thus practically represents a loss. Finally, ammonia can be due to Use of liquid hydrocarbons

als Hilfskälteträger zum Verflüssigenas auxiliary refrigerant for liquefaction

und Wiederverdampfen von Methan oder Erdgasand re-evaporation of methane or natural gas

Anmelder:Applicant:

ShellShell

Internationale Research Maatschappij N. V.,International Research Maatschappij N.V.,

Den HaagThe hague

Vertreter:Representative:

Dr.-Ing. F. Wuesthoff, Dipl.-Ing. G. Puls
und Dr. E. von Pechmann, Patentanwälte,
München 9, Schweigerstr. 2Dr.-Ing. F. Wuesthoff, Dipl.-Ing. G. Pulse
and Dr. E. von Pechmann, patent attorneys,
Munich 9, Schweigerstr. 2

Als Erfinder benannt:Named as inventor:

Alfred Louis van Kleef, Den HaagAlfred Louis van Kleef, The Hague

Beanspruchte Priorität:Claimed priority:

Niederlande vom 9. November 1964 (6 413 015)Netherlands 9 November 1964 (6 413 015)

seiner Giftigkeit nicht in die Atmosphäre abgeblasen werden, sondern muß ζ. Β. zu Düngemitteln umgesetzt werden. Außerdem erstarrt flüssiges Ammoniak bereits bei —77° C und ist dann nicht mehr pumpfähig. Die genannten Schwierigkeiten haben dazu geführt, daß keiner der vorgeschlagenen Hilfskälteträger sich wirtschaftlich wirklich durchgesetzt hat.its toxicity is not released into the atmosphere, but must ζ. Β. converted into fertilizers will. In addition, liquid ammonia already solidifies at -77 ° C and can then no longer be pumped. The difficulties mentioned have led to the fact that none of the proposed auxiliary refrigerant has really prevailed economically.

Auch gelegentlich als Hilfskälteträger vorgeschlagene Alkohole erstarren weit oberhalb des Siedepunktes von Methan oder Erdgas und verlieren damit ihre Pumpfähigkeit; außerdem sind sie wegen ihres relativ hohen Preises wirtschaftlich ungeeignet.Alcohols that are occasionally suggested as auxiliary refrigerants also solidify well above the boiling point methane or natural gas and thus lose their ability to be pumped; besides, they are because of hers economically unsuitable at a relatively high price.

Es wurde nun festgestellt, daß sich die erwähnten Nachteile vermeiden lassen, wenn als Hilfskälteträger Kohlenwasserstoffe verwendet werden, deren Schmelzpunkte bei Atmosphärendruck unter oder höchstens etwa 2O0C über dem Siedepunkt bei Atmosphärendruck von Methan oder Erdgas liegen und deren Siedepunkte bei Atmosphärendruck über oder nicht mehr als etwa 3O0C unter Raumtemperatur liegen. Diese Kohlenwasserstoffe bleiben während des ganzen Kreisprozesses von Verflüssigen und Wiederverdampfen flüssig und damit pumpbar und können immer wieder eingesetzt werden. Sie bilden keine explosiblen Gemische mit Methan oder Erdgas und können daher ohne weiteres im Wechsel mit diesenIt has now been found that the mentioned disadvantages can be avoided, when are referred to as auxiliary cooling medium hydrocarbons are used, whose melting points are at atmospheric pressure or at most about 2O 0 C above the boiling point at atmospheric pressure of methane or natural gas and their boiling points at atmospheric pressure over or is no longer are than about 3O 0 C below room temperature. These hydrocarbons remain liquid during the entire cycle of liquefaction and re-evaporation and can therefore be pumped and can be used again and again. They do not form explosive mixtures with methane or natural gas and can therefore easily alternate with them

709 619/239709 619/239

im gleichen Behälter gelagert oder transportiert werden.be stored or transported in the same container.

Die Erfindung betrifft daher die Verwendung von flüssigen Kohlenwasserstoffen mit einem Schmelzpunkt bei Atmosphärendruck von nicht über -14O0C und mit einem Siedepunkt bei Atmosphärendruck von nicht unter —12° C als Hilfskälteträger zum Verflüssigen und Wiederverdampfen von Methan oder Erdgas bei deren Lagerung oder Transport.The invention therefore relates to the use of liquid hydrocarbons with a melting point at atmospheric pressure of not more than -14O 0 C and with a boiling point at atmospheric pressure of not below -12 ° C as auxiliary refrigerants for liquefying and re-evaporation of methane or natural gas during their storage or transport.

Die Kohlenwasserstoffe können rein oder im Gemisch miteinander verwendet werden. Sehr gut geeignet sind Isopentan, dessen Schmelzpunkt bei Atmosphärendruck bei -16O0C und dessen Siedepunkt bei Atmosphärendruck bei +280C liegt sowie 2-Methylpentan mit Schmelzpunkt bei Atmosphärendruck von —154° C und Siedepunkt bei Atmosphärendruck von +6O0C. Auch Isobutan mit Schmelzpunkt bei Atmosphärendruck von -16O0C, dessen Siedepunkt bei Atmosphärendruck mit —12° C allerdings ziemlich niedrig liegt und Hexin mit Schmelzpunkt bei Atmosphärendruck von —150° C und Siedepunkt bei Atmosphärendruck von +710C kommen als Hilfskälteträger in Frage.The hydrocarbons can be used pure or in a mixture with one another. Isopentane, whose melting point at atmospheric pressure is -16O 0 C and whose boiling point at atmospheric pressure is +28 0 C, and 2-methylpentane with a melting point at atmospheric pressure of -154 ° C and boiling point at atmospheric pressure of + 6O 0 C. are also very suitable Isobutane with a melting point at atmospheric pressure of -16O 0 C, whose boiling point at atmospheric pressure is, however, rather low at -12 ° C and hexyne with a melting point at atmospheric pressure of -150 ° C and a boiling point at atmospheric pressure of +71 0 C come into consideration as auxiliary refrigerants.

Geeignete Kohlenwasserstoffgemische sind z. B. die Gemische von Isopentan mit Isobutan, Isohexan oder n-Pentan. Ein Gemisch von 75 % Isopentan mit 25 Vo Isohexan, das bis -1700C, d. h. um 1O0C niedriger als reines Isopentan, flüssig bleibt, ist besonders geeignet und ermöglicht, die gesamte Kühlkapazität am Ort des Verbrauchs des Gases einzusetzen. Weitere geeignete Gemische sind z. B. jene, die ein Eutektikum im angegebenen Schmelzpunktbereich bilden.Suitable hydrocarbon mixtures are, for. B. the mixtures of isopentane with isobutane, isohexane or n-pentane. A mixture of 75% isopentane to 25 Vo isohexane, which to -170 0 C, that is to 1O 0 C lower than pure isopentane, liquid remains is particularly suitable and enables to use the full cooling capacity of the place of consumption of the gas. Other suitable mixtures are, for. B. those that form a eutectic in the specified melting point range.

Auch Kohlenwasserstofffraktionen mit einem Siedebereich unter etwa 1000C, vorzugsweise zwischen 35 und 75° C, die durch Destillation von rohem Erdöl oder einer gekrackten Erdölfraktion erhalten wurden, können als Hilfskälteträger in Betracht gezogen werden. Diese Mischungen bestehen im wesentlichen aus paraffinischen und olefinischen Kohlenwasserstoffen mit 5 und 6 Kohlenstoffatomen.Also, hydrocarbon fractions having a boiling range below about 100 0 C, preferably between 35 and 75 ° C, obtained by distillation of crude petroleum or of a cracked petroleum fraction, may be considered as an auxiliary refrigerant into consideration. These mixtures consist essentially of paraffinic and olefinic hydrocarbons with 5 and 6 carbon atoms.

Der am Verbrauchsort abgekühlte Hilfskälteträger wird zum Produktionsort vorzugsweise in denselben Behältern.transportiert, die zum Transport des flüssigen Methans oder Erdgases vom Produktionsort zum Verbrauchsort verwendet wurden. Diese Maßnahme hat den Vorteil, daß die Behälter unverändert bei niedriger Temperatur gehalten werden. Wird der Hilfskälteträger nach Abgabe der gespeicherten Kälte in umgekehrter Richtung transportiert, um am Verbrauchsort mit flüssigem Methan oder Erdgas, das verdampft werden soll, in Wärmeaustausch gesetzt zuThe auxiliary refrigerant cooled at the place of consumption is preferably used in the same place for production Containers, which are used to transport liquid methane or natural gas from the production site were used at the place of consumption. This measure has the advantage that the container remains unchanged be kept at low temperature. Becomes the auxiliary coolant after the stored cold has been released transported in the opposite direction to the point of use with liquid methane or natural gas, the to be evaporated, put into heat exchange too

ίο werden, so sind für die Behälter keine zusätzlichen Isoliervorrichtungen erforderlich, da die Kohlenwasserstoffe bei Raumtemperatur oder wenig darunter noch flüssig sind. Gegebenenfalls kann der erwärmte Hilfskälteträger unmittelbar am Erzeugungsort z. B.ίο, there are no additional items for the containers Isolation devices are required because the hydrocarbons are at room temperature or a little below are still liquid. If necessary, the heated auxiliary refrigerant can be used directly at the place of production z. B.

als Brennstoff verwendet werden.be used as fuel.

Claims (6)

Patentansprüche:Patent claims: 1. Verwendung von flüssigen Kohlenwasserstoffen mit einem Schmelzpunkt bei Atmospärendruck von nicht über -14O0C und mit einem Siedepunkt bei Atmosphärendruck von nicht unter —12° C als Hilfskälteträger zum Verflüssigen und Wiederverdampfen von Methan oder Erdgas bei deren Lagerung oder Transport.1. Use of liquid hydrocarbons with a melting point at atmospheric pressure of not more than -14O 0 C and with a boiling point at atmospheric pressure of not below -12 ° C as an auxiliary coolant for liquefying and re-evaporation of methane or natural gas during storage or transport. 2. Verwendung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man ein Gemisch flüssiger Kohlenwasserstoffe verwendet.2. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that there is a mixture of liquids Used hydrocarbons. 3. Verwendung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man ein Gemisch aus Isopentan 'Und Isohexan, vorzugsweise im Verhältnis von 75 : 25 °/o, verwendet.3. Use according to claim 2, characterized in that there is a mixture of isopentane And isohexane, preferably in a ratio of 75: 25%, is used. 4. Verwendung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man ein Gemisch aus Isopentan und n-Pentan verwendet.4. Use according to claim 2, characterized in that there is a mixture of isopentane and n-pentane are used. 5. Verwendung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man Isopentan verwendet.5. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that isopentane is used. 6. Verwendung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man 2-Methylpentan verwendet. 6. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that 2-methylpentane is used. In Betracht gezogene Druckschriften:
Deutsche Auslegeschrift Nr. 1 036 884.Considered publications:
German interpretative document No. 1 036 884. 709 619/239 7. 67709 619/239 7. 67 Bundesdruckerei BerlinBundesdruckerei Berlin
DENDAT1245999D 1964-11-09 Use of liquid hydrocarbons as an auxiliary coolant to liquefy and re-evaporate methane or natural gas Pending DE1245999B (en)

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DE (1) DE1245999B (en)
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US3400547A (en) * 1966-11-02 1968-09-10 Williams Process for liquefaction of natural gas and transportation by marine vessel
GB1549181A (en) * 1975-07-23 1979-08-01 Bp Chem Int Ltd Method and apparatus for the recovery of volatile liquids
TW446800B (en) 1998-12-18 2001-07-21 Exxon Production Research Co Process for unloading pressurized liquefied natural gas from containers
MY115510A (en) 1998-12-18 2003-06-30 Exxon Production Research Co Method for displacing pressurized liquefied gas from containers
US6112528A (en) * 1998-12-18 2000-09-05 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Process for unloading pressurized liquefied natural gas from containers
DE10031020A1 (en) * 2000-05-31 2001-12-06 Linde Gas Ag Use of non-cyclic hydrocarbon having at least five hydrocarbon atoms in chemical and pharmaceutical industry as heat carrier

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US2799997A (en) * 1954-09-09 1957-07-23 Constock Liquid Methane Corp Method and apparatus for reducing power needed for compression
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3760597A (en) * 1971-08-06 1973-09-25 Linde Ag Short term storage of natural gas

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US3324670A (en) 1967-06-13

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