DE1232982B - Rotary piston machine - Google Patents

Description

FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY GERMAN lift PATENT OFFICE Int. CL:

EDITORIAL

Number:
File number:
Registration date:
Display day:

FOIc

14 b -

1232982
R 297351 a / 14 b
February 23, 1961
January 26, 1967

Rotary piston machine

The invention relates to a rotary piston machine in which in a cylindrical Jacket with an inner jacket surface, which has an even number of concave and curved near the axis has axially remote zones which alternately, seen in the S direction of rotation, follow one another, at least a piston rotates, the piston or pistons being pivotably mounted on a rotatable hub part and working spaces that periodically change in size form as they circulate.

In a known rotary piston machine of this type, the pistons are mounted on the hub part in such a way that their pivot points lie within the working space. This results in a complex mechanical structure with a complicated Kine- * 5 matsk.

The aim of the invention is to create a rotary piston machine of the type indicated at the outset Art with a simple, structurally easy to implement structure and favorable kinematics.

According to the invention, this is achieved in that the pistons are formed in segments and outside the working space are attached to the piston hub in such a way that the forces are transmitted takes place between piston hub and piston. * 5

In the rotary piston machine according to the invention all moving parts perform essentially circular movements, apart from minor ones additional pivoting movements of the piston relative to the hub part. Piston and jacket cross-sections can be derived from simple geometric figures and are therefore easy to edit. Valves are not required.

The rotary piston machine according to the invention is equally suitable for a work machine (Pump) and a prime mover (motor). As an internal combustion engine, it can be used with spark ignition (Gasoline engine) or with compression ignition (diesel engine).

A preferred embodiment of the invention + o consists in the fact that the zones close to the axis and the zones remote from the axis have the same angular extent, so that the boundary points between adjoining zones are on the corners of a regular polygon lie, and that the cross-section of the inner surface of the mantle is such that all tendons of the length of a polygon side tangent to the same imaginary circle.

This embodiment enables a particularly simple geometric construction of the jacket cross-section, which consists in that the cross-section of the inner surface of the jacket in each zone is an arc of a circle Applicant:

Research Corporation,

New York, N.Y. (V. St. A.)

Representative:

Dipl.-Ing. E. Prince and Dr. G. Hauser,

Patent attorneys,

Munich-Pasing, Ernsbergerstr. 19th

Named as inventor:

Don Jose Ignacio Martin Artajo, Madrid

Claimed priority:
Spain of February 27, 1960 (256 112),
of May 20, 1960 (258 266)

whose center of curvature is at each near-axis Zone on the middle of the opposite side of the polygon and for each off-axis zone on the Intersection of the radii of the adjoining near-axis radii that go through the two boundary points of this zone Zones.

If the effective piston length corresponds to the length of a polygonal side, the piston rolls at its rotating and pivoting movement on a circle revolving with the hub portion. this makes possible a particularly simple power transmission between the piston and the hub part, which thereby it is achieved that a ring gear is rotatably mounted coaxially inside the jacket and that each piston has a toothing on the inside that meshes with the ring gear and a larger radius of curvature than this one has.

In this case, circular cylindrical guide rings are preferably arranged concentrically to the toothed ring.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in Drawings shown. In it shows

Fig. 1 is a section through the cylindrical Shell of a rotary piston machine according to the invention with six zones,

F i g. 2 a section through a cylindrical jacket with eight zones,

3 shows a section through a cylindrical jacket with four zones,

F i g. 4 shows a section through a rotary piston machine according to the invention with the jacket from FIG Fig.l,

609 759/77

i 232 982

F i g. 5 shows a section along the line ^ ^{4 in} Fig. 4, ■>,. '.' . ·:. ■ :: -.-

F i g. 6 is a section through the piston de ^{'r Ma'} machine according F i g. 4 to illustrate the rare " ^{borrowed sealing devices,}

F i g. 7 is a partial view of the piston of the ^engine of FIG. 4 in a larger scale for Veran ^scnau "of the end seal ¹¹ décor lichung '^ ^he gearing and the profile of the bearing surface ^11'

F i g. 8 is a schematic representation of K ° lbens and the inner wall of the cylindrical Manf ^{e 'sm} an off-axis zone and

F i g. 9 shows a section through a rotary piston "machine according to the invention with eight zones ¹¹ " ^ d six piston members.

In Fig. 1, 2 and 3, the cross sections vc ^'n ^ he & ome & BTien KioäünTvxni ^ iornien 6ES üitf are ¹ mantle of the rotary piston machine s These various embodiments facing ^ ⁿ different number of near-axis and far ^axis "zones, but they are each nac / ^{h constructed on the} same principle from a regular polygon.

The sheath 1 of Fig. 1 has three achsnaP ^e ^ three off-axis zones and is constructed of a regular hexagon ^äßi l ^s. To construct the jacket cross-section, the hexagon Λ Β CDEF around the center O is first constructed. Then who ^{halves the} hexagon sides AB, CD and EF. The coloring point of these hexagon sides is marked ^with ° o . Then now to each of these Pur> ^kte ° o with the indicated in broken lines radius of the corners of the opposite SechseckseiteF / 1, BC and DE arcs gescpl ^a S ^s · These arcs represent the cross-sections dei ^ACNS ~ zones close to represent. the Schnittp ^unkte the radii FO ₀ and EO _0, the radius BO ₀ and AO ₀ and the radii of dO ₀ and CO ₀ determined that lead weils two adjacent ^to J ^e "vertices of the ach? ^near zones. These intersections are a ^ ^{f the} connecting lines between the center point ° ^and one of the points O ₀ and O ₁ bezeichn ^et · ^to these points O ₁ are circular arcs reproduced on the v ^Erwei hexsides AB, CD or EF geset ¹¹ ^ ¹¹ -This arcs have the radius O ₁ ^ and give the cross-section of the off-axis zones.

Similarly, the Querstf is ^{nnitt 2} near the axis of the cylindrical mantle of a Rotationsli ^olben machine with four and four achffernen ated zones of a regular octagon k <> ^nstru as shown in Fig. 2 is shown. For Eii ^twick development of the cross section is first the octagon ABCDEFGH around the center O designed ^{and built} · Then the Halbierungspii ^nkt0 o is on each second Achteckseite, so the sides AB, CD, EF and GH determined, from which circular arcs on the respective opposite sides AB, CD, EF and 0 ^{H with} radius O ₀ ^ = O ₀ B will hit ^Da "by be obtained, the cross-sections of the near-axis ^ZCNE n. the cross-sections of the intermediate lie ^end axially remote zones across the Achteckseiten bC, DE, page GH to Radius leading to point C. Circular arcs are again struck around these center points over the associated octagon side.

Finally, FIG. 3, like the jacket cross-section for a rotary piston machine with two near-axis and two off-axis zones from a square is constructed. This illustration is based on the above description of FIG. 1 and 2 plan further understandable.

ίο All majors formed in this way is the property common, tj | aJ3 & d Profiles of the near-axis and the off-axis - £ @ ne1f consist of arcs of a circle, which connect with a constant tangent, and that all chords of the length of a polygon side tangent a circle around the center point O. The different curvature

Zones determines the compression ratio of the machine. The constructions described above, however, only represent special cases in which these conditions are met in a particularly simple manner. Other jacket cross-sections can also be constructed that meet these conditions. If the compression ratio of the engine is to be changed, the centers O ₀ and O _{1 can be moved} closer to the center O or further away from this center O. The only condition for this is that the centers of curvature of two adjacent zones lie on a common straight line passing through the boundary point of the two zones, because then the condition is met that the circular arcs defining the zones adjoin one another with a constant tangent. Furthermore, it is not absolutely necessary that regular polygons be assumed in the construction; one can also start from polygons with varying side lengths, which of course still have to be symmetrical with respect to the main axes, provided that the condition is met that all chords whose length is equal to the side of the polygon which corresponds to the highest compression, tangent to a circle concentric to the center O. So there are many possibilities for the construction of useful jacket cross-sections that meet the specified conditions.

Finally, it is also possible to use the cross-sections of the various zones instead of using circles to define other geometric curves with non-constant radius of curvature, if ensured is that the specified requirements are met, so that the zone cross-sections with join a continuous tangent and all chords of the same length are concentric to the center point tangent to lying circle.

In Fig. 4 it is shown how the jacket cross-sections of the specified type with segment-like Pistons cooperate. The coat of Fig. 4 corresponds to the construction of FIG. 1 with three near-axis and three remote-axis zones. With this jacket cross-section, a single piston could

to ₁ of the Benach ^disclosed vertices adjacent achsnahef ^zones leading radii seeks the intersection points O, say for example ^for the off-axis ZoneBC the intersection point O ₁ from the center O ₀ of the side EF for P ^{oint B} leading radius and from the center O ₀ Zachen the

executes three working strokes, but it can also, as indicated by dashed lines, three pistons are provided at equal angular intervals, so that there are nine working strokes per revolution for the entire machine. The effective length of each piston 9, ie the distance between the two

Points of the piston, which are always in contact with the inner wall of the jacket during the revolution, corresponds the length of one side of the regular hexagon. Because, as previously explained, all tendons of this Length tangent to a circle concentric to the center point, the piston 9 runs during its movement, essentially on a circular path on which a slight pivoting movement is superimposed.

Like F i g. 4, 5 and 6 show, the jacket 1 is through with the inner jacket surface 2 on both sides Side parts 3 closed, which contain bearings 4 in which the motor shaft 5 is mounted. For guidance of the piston 9 and for the transmission of the force between the piston 9 and the shaft 5 is non-rotatably with a hub part 6 is connected to the shaft by means of a keyway connection 11. This hub part 6 is on The circumference is provided with a ring gear 7, in which a toothing attached to the inside of the piston 9 is provided 8 intervenes. The radius of curvature of the toothing 8 is greater than the radius of curvature of the ring gear 7, so that the piston can perform the required pivoting movement. On both sides Guide rings 10 are arranged on the hub part 6 and are mounted on the shaft 5 by means of ball bearings 12 are so that they can be rotated independently of the shaft. The piston 9 has on the underside of bearing surfaces 13 which are shaped so that they in each Position of the piston tangent to the guide rings 10 and the piston in contact with the inner surface hold the coat.

The outer surface of each segment-shaped piston 9 has the same curvature in the example shown like the zones of the jacket close to the axis, so that the piston is completely on in the zones close to the axis rests against the inner surface of the jacket. There are longitudinal grooves in the two end faces of the piston (FIGS. 5 and 6) 17 attached, are inserted into the sealing rods 14, which the lateral seal between the piston 9 and the face plates 3 effect. These sealing strips 14 are supported by springs 16, which are shown in FIG Through bores of the piston are inserted, pushed axially outward (Fig. 6). The sealing strips 14 are provided with lubricant grooves 15 in the usual way. At the ends of the effective piston area radial grooves 19 are provided, into which sealing strips 18 are inserted, which are secured by springs 20 be pressed outwards. These sealing strips 18 are beveled (FIG. 7), so that a clear line of contact is defined with the inner wall of the jacket.

The support surfaces 13 on the inside of the piston 9 are preferably installed when Piston made by machining. A cutting tool rotating around the shaft 5 is used for this purpose is used, which has the same radius as the guide rings 10. During the machine Machining, the pistons are slowly advanced until they reach all positions of their orbital motion have gone through. The cutting tool then forms the one shown in FIG. 4 recognizable symmetrical double curve, "which represents the support surface 13.

The piston9 take the one shown in Fig.4 symmetrical position with respect to the radius passing through its center only at the points of the largest and the smallest compression. In the positions in between, the pistons are against the radius slightly inclined, and this corresponds to the shape of the curved bearing surfaces 13. Die Toothings 7 and 8 ensure a non-positive connection in every position of the piston between the piston 9 and the hub part 6.

If the rotary piston machine is used as an internal combustion engine, must also im In the state of greatest compression, there must still be a space for receiving the compressed gas. For this purpose, cavities 21 (FIG. 7) are made in the outer surface of the piston. Form

ίο these cavities can be adapted to the respective working conditions: they can be trough-shaped in the manner shown, but also cube-shaped, prismatic or hemispherical. The volume of these cavities is calculated according to the desired compression ratio, which results from the volume of the cavities alone in the zones near the axis ( Fig. 7) to the sum of the volume of these cavities and the volume existing between the piston outer surface and the jacket inner surface in the off-axis zones (Fig. 8) results. If Vc denotes the volume of the cavities and Vd denotes the volume between the piston outer surface and the jacket inner surface in the off-axis zones, the compression ratio Rc of the machine corresponds to the following equation:

Vd + Vc
W.

Rc = -1 ^ -LJ ^ L

The compression ratio and the shape of the cavities in the piston depend primarily on the fuel to be used and the selected operating mode. These considerations also determine the arrangement of the intake slots, spark plugs and exhaust slots to be provided in the casing 1.

F i g. 9 shows, as an example, the arrangement of these parts in a rotary piston machine with a Shell with four near-axis and four off-axis zones of the in F i g. 2 type shown. In this construction it is advisable to provide an even number of pistons, either depending on the desired firing order can work one after the other or in pairs. In Fig. 9 is indicated by dashed lines, like the coat can be operated with eight zones with six pistons. The location of the intake slots 21, the exhaust slots 22 and the fuel injectors 23 is shown for the case of a diesel engine. If those If the machine were to be operated as an internal combustion engine with spark ignition, the spark plugs would be to be attached to the locations indicated for the location of the fuel injection nozzles 23, and the fuel injection nozzles should be in front of these places in the direction of rotation.

When operating the machine of FIG. 8 is indicated by the piston 9, indicated by dashed lines at the top left Air is sucked in through the associated suction slot 21, since this piston is in an off-axis zone emotional. The air can of course also be pre-compressed by a compressor. As soon as the rear At the end of the piston 9 has gone beyond the suction slot 21, this is closed and it begins the compression, since the piston 9 moves in a zone close to the axis. The greatest compression is reached when the piston 9 has reached the position shown in full line. At this moment the fuel is injected via the injection nozzles 23 and the combustion gases expand at the further movement of the piston into the following

off-axis zone. The resulting torque is transmitted by the piston via the hub part 6 transferred to the shaft 5. As soon as the front end of the piston reaches the outlet slot 22, step the combustion gases off. The same process is repeated for this piston in the lower one Half of the coat. Since each piston thus performs two complete work cycles with each revolution, result the six pistons for each revolution of the machine a total of twelve working strokes.

The cooling of the motor is not shown, it can be done by means of air or a liquid circulation be achieved. For air cooling, the jacket can be provided with cooling fins, while for the Liquid cooling channels are provided in the jacket, through which a coolant is conveyed.

Using an even number of pistons diametrically opposed to each other gives the Advantage that the forces exerted on the shaft 5 cancel each other out so that there is no equalization of forces a very low bearing load and a smooth run can be achieved.

The design of the seals according to the features of claims 10 to 13 is not independent Protection claimed.

Claims 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 14 have priority from February 27, 1960.

Claims 2, 8 and 13 have priority from May 20, 1960.

Claims (6)

Patent claims: 1. Rotary piston machine, in which in a cylindrical jacket with an inner jacket surface, which has an even number of concave zones close to and away from the axis, which alternately, seen in the direction of rotation, revolve around at least one piston, wherein the piston or pistons are pivotally mounted on a rotatable hub part and working spaces that periodically change in size are formed during circulation, characterized in that that the pistons (9) are segment-like and outside the working space in such a way on the piston hub (hub part [6]) are applied so that the forces are transmitted between the piston hub and piston. 2. Rotary piston machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the radial outer surface of the piston essentially corresponds to the curvature of the zones close to the axis. 3. Rotary piston machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the off-axis zones (AB, CD, EF, GH) have a different degree of curvature than the off-axis zones (BC, DE, FG, AH) . 4. Rotary piston machine according to claim 3, characterized in that the axially Zones and the off-axis zones have the same angular extent, so that the boundary points lie between adjoining zones on the corners of a regular polygon, and that the cross-section of the inner surface of the sheath is such that all of the tendons of the length of a polygon side tangent to the same imaginary circle. 5. Rotary piston machine according to claim 4, characterized in that the cross section of the Inner surface of the jacket in each zone is an arc of a circle whose center of curvature is at every zone close to the axis on the center of the opposite side of the polygon and at every zone further away from the axis Zone lies on the intersection of the radii of the adjoining zones close to the axis which go through the two boundary points of this zone. »Ο 6. Rotary piston machine according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that a toothed ring (7) is rotatable coaxially inside the jacket is mounted and that each piston (9) has a toothing (8) on the inside, which with »5 combs the ring gear (7) and a larger one Radius of curvature than this. 7. Rotary piston machine according to claim 6, characterized in that concentric to the ring gear (7) circular cylindrical guide rings (10) are arranged. 8. Rotary piston machine according to claim 7, characterized in that the guide rings (10) are rotatably mounted and that in addition to the toothing of the piston, smooth bearing surfaces (13) are attached, which rest on the guide rings (10) and are shaped so that they Keep the piston in contact with the inner surface of the shell in every position. 9. Rotary piston machine according to claim 8, characterized in that the toothing (8) of the piston (9) in its center and the bearing surfaces (13) attached to both sides of the toothing are. 10. Rotary piston machine according to one of claims 4 to 9, characterized in that on each piston (9) at a distance equal to the length of a polygonal side, radial seals (18) are attached parallel to the surface lines of the cylindrical jacket. 11. Rotary piston machine according to one of claims 4 to 10, characterized in that in each side wall of each piston seals (14) are attached, which with the side parts of the Rotary piston machine cooperate. 12. Rotary piston machine according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that each seal consists of a sealing strip which is inserted into a groove in the piston. 13. Rotary piston machine according spoke 11, characterized in that each Sealing strip is pressed outwards by springs. 14. Rotary piston machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that in the cylindrical outer wall of each piston made at least one recess is. Considered publications:
German Patent No. 251 573;
German explanatory documents No. 1 012 310,
000 030; Austrian Patent No. 18,548;
French Patent No. 440 306;
interpreted documents of Belgian patent specification No. 571 358; U.S. Patent No. 979,323. For this purpose 2 sheets of drawings 609 759/77 1.67 © Bundesdruckerei Berlin