DE12115C - Innovations in the production of cellulose paper - Google Patents

Description

1880.

Class 78.

JOSEPH AMEDEE LANFREY and JEAN LEON RENARD
in CHARTRES EURE et LOIR (France).

changes in the manufacture of cellulose paper.

Patented in the German Empire on January 21, 1880.

The present new explosive contains essentially straw nitrocellulose, which is primarily is made from oat, wheat, barley or rye straw.

It is known that these types of straw are distinguished by a particularly high content of silicic acid are . (For example, oat straw contains 4, s pCt. silica), namely this is Silica, which naturally gets into the straw, is so intimate with the plant fiber grown together and so evenly and finely divided that they upon chemical metamorphosis of the straw in nitrocellulose and is not lost despite the many washes, on the contrary, the straw nitrocellulose produced by our process still has a high level Silica content, which gives the explosives great resistance, such that the Treatment and transport of the same is much safer than that of known explosives of the same explosiveness.

The nitrocellulose is produced as follows.

The straw is immersed in water with a small percentage of soda or potash 1 to 2 pCt. (2 to 3 ° B.) was added, cooked for 15 to 16 hours. The soluble substances are removed with the water. The straw treated in this way is then ground in a dutchman or by means of grindstones and at the same time washed out by constantly adding pure water to the mass during the grinding. It is of the greatest importance that the mass does not react alkaline at all, which is why it is useful to add a small amount of sulfuric acid to the washing water, so that the latter shows a perfectly neutral reaction. This mass is brought into paper form on the paper machine or in scoops, and the leaves are given such a thickness that they weigh 150 to 300 g per square meter be provided with numerous small perforations. This is done mechanically by means of perforating machines. The shredded paper prepared in this way is then placed in an acid bath consisting of three volumes of fuming nitric acid (47 to 48 ⁰ , i, s specific weight) and 7 volumes of concentrated sulfuric acid (66 °, 1.84 specific weight). After the schnitzel has remained in the bath for an hour, they are removed from the bath, the acid is allowed to drip off as much as possible, and it is prefilled and washed in such a way that no trace of acid remains in the schnitzel, which has now been converted into nitrocellulose.

Instead of dividing the leaves into small pieces, they can also be treated whole; they are then also pierced and placed in an acid bath of the same composition, treated as above. If you are completely permeated by the acid, which is the case after a few minutes, take it you get them out of the bath and let them pass between two pressure rollers, which are made of a material (cast iron) that contains concentrated acids is not attacked. The purpose of this is to prevent the acids from coming into contact with the fibers favor and remove the air bubbles contained in the fibers.

The dipping and squeezing is repeated two or three times, and then the leaves washed out. The number of these operations varies according to the degree of nitrification one wants to receive. To avoid any acid reaction, the last wash water is added add a little potash, soda or ammonia (1 pCt.) and run this water approximately Stand with the leaves or cutlets for 18 to 20 hours.

Nitrification can be carried out in the same way by treating the straw cellulose paper or the Schnitzel with a mixture of nitric acid baking soda or potash and sulfuric acid take place.

The straw nitrocellulose obtained by the methods described has, as already in briefly indicated in the introduction, extremely

notable properties which distinguish them from all other nitrocelluloses differs.

These properties are as follows:

1. Persistence; the nitrocellulose made from straw is more or less resistant strong vibrations and indicates significant persistence due to the content Silica.

2. Regular ignition and slow combustion in firearms as a result the presence of silica.

3. Furthermore, it is possible to achieve a weak nitrification and a product of to obtain the utmost homogeneity that is suitable for use in firearms in which the burning must be gradual and regular.

The straw nitrocellulose therefore satisfies the two main conditions mentioned above, i.e. H. weak nitrification, which results in slow and gradual combustion, homogeneous Composition that has a regular effect.

4. Significant absorbency compared to other types of nitrocellulose. This one. The straw nitrocellulose owes its difference to the peculiar properties of the straw cellulose, which has no more resemblance to cotton cellulose than the latter has to wood.

The straw nitrocellulose is capable of 7 5 pCt. Nitroglycerin to absorb what the crooked cotton or nitrified wood cannot.

If the straw cellulose paper was nitrified, washed and neutralized in the form of chips, it should be this was brought into a saltpetre solution mixed with dextrin, which in certain cases very much contains fine charcoal dust in suspension.

The composition of these solutions varies according to the determination of the explosive, such as The following table shows the composition of some explosives.

The solution includes:

and shows:

The product is intended for:

Explosives without nitroglycerin

Leaning explosives

Saltpetre

Saltpetre 100

Hard wood charcoal ι ο

Dextrin 25

Saltpetre 100

Hard Wood Charcoal 35

Saltpetre 100

Hard wood charcoal 15

Dextrin 15

Saltpetre 100

Hard wood charcoal 2 ο

Dextrin. 10

Saltpetre 100

Hard wood charcoal 2 ο

Dextrin, 10

6 to 7 ° B. 6 to 7 ⁰ B.

6 to 7 ⁰ B. 8 to 9 ⁰ B.

i2bisi4 ° B. i6bisi7 ° B.

hard rock, soft rock and earth.

Wood.

Hunting powder.

(War) gun powder.

Gunpowder.

The schnitzels stay in these solutions for about an hour, from time to time stirred vigorously, then you take it out, drain and dry.

To make dynamite from straw nitrocellulose, which product we use the name Give pale'in or straw dynamite, we proceed as follows.

The straw nitrocellulose is crushed on mills or stamping mills and 2 pCt. an alkaline one Added substance: ammonia, potash or soda.

To be on the safe side, the mass will be 15 to 25 pCt beforehand. Moistened with water. the Comminution must be carried out so far that the mass is powdery.

Mixing with nitroglycerin can now be done immediately and you can then dry or you dry beforehand and then add the nitroglycerin.

The quantities of nitroglycerine to be introduced vary according to the determination of the explosive from ι to 75 pct. If you apply 50 pCt. at, exudation under very great pressure is impossible, and the explosive power of this is impossible Dynamite is important, as evidenced by the following figures, which compare with ordinary Illustrate dynamite and nitroglycerin.

By igniting 2 g of the explosive in cylindrical blocks of lead, in in which a cylindrical hole 10 mm in diameter and 80 mm in length was drilled, and wherein the space remaining under the charge was filled with water, obtained vacuum amounts to:

in the case of Nobel dynamite with 75 pCt. Nitroglycerin 42 qbm;

at Pale'in with 50 pCt. Nitroglycerin 67 qbm.

You can save 10 to 15 pCt. Add saltpetre, however the explosive power does not increase, since the excess oxygen of the nitroglycerin is sufficient is to burn all free carbon of the nitrocellulose. This combination explains the large amount of gas produced by the palin.

The advantages of these blends compared to skew cotton are:

i. greater physical resistance, resistance to mechanical shock or detonating bodies, caused by the silicates contained in the straw, what a offers greater security in use;

2. Significant savings.

Like the dynamite made of crooked cotton, the Palei'n does not freeze, it easily explodes at a low temperature and always maintains its plasticity.

Claims (1)

P ATENT claim: The use of perforated paper in the manufacture of cellulose paper to reduce the To be able to direct nitration processes faster and better.