DE1196894B - Poppy pod harvester - Google Patents

Description

FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

GERMAN

PATENT OFFICE

EDITORIAL

Int. Cl .:

AOId

German class: 45 c -45/00

Number: 1196 894

File number; V 23673 HI / 45 c

Registration day: February 20, 1963

Ausiegetag; July 15, 1965

The invention relates to a poppy seed capsule harvesting machine. The poppy seeds obtained with the aid of the machine according to the invention are essentially freed from impurities, the empty poppy seed capsules have extremely short stems and can be used as a raw material in the pharmaceutical industry.

The poppy seed capsules intended for the pharmaceutical industry were harvested hitherto exclusively by cutting off or breaking off the poppy heads by hand, whereby the Stem length was up to 10 cm, as it would devalue the Poppy heads come as a result of the different lengths of their stems.

There is a poppy seed harvester known which includes a chassis on which several Seats and resiliently suspended, motor-driven scissors are provided for the purpose of cutting the poppy heads are guided by the operator from one poppy plant to the other by hand will. A disadvantage of this device is that the poppy heads outside the collecting trough and that the quality of the work depends on the skill of the operator is dependent.

Furthermore, there is a fixed device for separating the poppy seed capsules from by means of a mower binder harvested plants known, which contains two rubber bands pressed against one another, between which the plants are inserted by hand. The poppy seed capsules are opened with the help of knives, which are attached to endless chain tracks running perpendicular to the rubber bands. A disadvantage of this device is that the plant becomes damaged as a result of the movement of the rubber bands compared to the chains carrying the knife can change their position, which is a correct mode of action the machine makes impossible.

Another known device for separating the poppy seed capsules consists of a through Carrier belt formed by slats and a feed system formed by rollers or belts, which lined up the plants between the slats, the plants then through a pressure roller are bent around the slats and the poppy heads are on the other side of the driving belt be cut off. A disadvantage of this machine is that it forms part of the poppy heads crushed.

Another poppy pod harvesting facility includes a mower deck with a series of rounded poppy seed harvesters

Applicant:

Vyzkurmry ustav zemedelskych strojü, Chodov,

Prague (Czechoslovakia)

Representative:

Dr. phil. A. Mentzel and Dipl.-Ing. W. Dahlke,

Patent attorneys,

Refrath near Cologne, Frankenforst 137

Named as inventor:
Jiri 2äk, Prague

Claimed priority:

Czechoslovakia of February 21, 1962 (1119), of October 17, 1962 (5876), dated November 27, 1962 (6660)

ten fingers that correspond to the radius of the reel. This finger runs in on both sides endless cutting belt or two cutting belts that perform a reciprocating motion isosceles levers are connected. The first cut is made at the entry end of the mower, the cut poppy seed capsules with longer stems should then make a stop on the rounded fingers, and the stalks should be cut through the second cut at the end of the mower be cut to the correct length, the inadequate operation of this device is based on the fact that the poppy heads are not rounded Fingers falling, caused by the high position of the center of gravity and by friction is, whereby with the second cut the stalks are not held firmly enough, which is all one results in incorrect stem length.

Furthermore, a device for separating poppy heads is known, consisting of a system differently graduated in height and attached to the machine frame in a self-supporting manner

509 600/44

Slats, which are possibly completed by knives, and under this system are for Direction of travel vertical rollers or rubber belts that the plants at the moment of their passage by the lath system on the ground, causing the poppy seed capsules to deviate from the Stem axis and its breaking off comes. This arrangement is inadequate for the reason that the Plants can be damaged and crushed by the rollers or belts, whereby a ge ίο Sufficient speed required to break off the poppy heads when the plants pass through is not guaranteed by the lath system.

Another known device for separating poppy seed capsules has work systems, each of which has a lower and an upper rotating screw, next to which a break-off bar and against the lower screw at the point where the screw threads in pass over the cylindrical surface, a press roller is pressed by means of a spring. The in the Plants entering screw grooves get between two cylindrical ones at the end of the lower screw Surfaces, pass through the gap between the upper screw and the snap-off strip, whereby the poppy seed capsules are broken off. This system is disadvantageous in that each unit has three to four shafts with screws and rollers of considerable dimensions, what the set-up made quite complicated.

The inventive poppy seed capsule harvesting machine aims to address the main disadvantages of the known Eliminate facilities.

In the machine according to the invention, the conveyed into the machine by a feeder Plants are fed to the ledges attached to the machine frame and with the poppy heads up pulled in to the stop on the header strips. The plants are defoliated and along at the same time of the busbars pushed forward to the separator. The separator is through a cutter bar or some other mechanism. The plants are drawn in by inevitably driven pairs of screws or rollers with longitudinal strips, toothing and flying knives that pull the plants in, defoliate and in some Cut off the poppy heads. The passage of the plants between the strips is in some Felling through a suitable setting of the collecting bars in relation to the plants in the field achieved. To mow the remaining plants you can use different places under the machine, occasionally behind the machine, a cutter bar can be arranged, which the stalks close to the ground mows and in and of itself does not form a direct part of the poppy seed pod harvester got to.

The removal of impurities, weeds, leaf remnants, etc. takes place when the Plants through the gaps between the header strips, which is still through one of openings in the Manifolds escaping airflow can be supported at the same time to transport the Poppy heads in a pipe or an expansion vessel can serve where further cleaning takes place, and further in a storage container, wherein the air in the collecting strips from a one Part of the machine frame forming beam of closed cross-section enters.

When harvesting a combine harvester, the poppy heads can be removed by means of revolving feeders and disc-shaped or fixed knives are opened at the same time, the knives behind the collecting strips in such a way are attached that they move past each other at a certain distance and the poppy seed capsules Cut into at least two parts. The poppy seed capsules are then placed in a sorting device or conveyed to a storage container.

The drawings illustrate schematic embodiments of the machine according to the invention.

F i g. 1 shows an overall view of the machine, partly in longitudinal section,

Fig. 2 the same machine in front view, also partly in section,

F i g. 3 a part of the machine in plan view,

F i g. 4 shows a modified embodiment of part of the machine in longitudinal section;

F i g. 5 the same embodiment seen from the front, partially in cross section,

F i g. 6 shows another embodiment of the machine in longitudinal section,

7 the same embodiment in plan view, partly in section,

F i g. 8 shows a cross section through part of the FIG. 6 and 7 shown device,

Fig. 9 is a cross-section through another Part of the same embodiment,

F i g. 10 shows a cross section through a pair of busbars;

Fig. 11 shows in plan view, partially in cross section, a further embodiment of the pull-in device;

Fig. 12 shows the same device in cross section;

13 shows a further embodiment in longitudinal section the machine;

F i g. Fig. 14 is a cross-section through the retractor of this machine;

F i g. 15 is a longitudinal section through a further embodiment of the new machine, and

F i g. Figure 16 is a cross-section through the headers of this embodiment of the machines.

On the machine frame 1, which in most cases has a closed profile Cross member or the housing of a conveyor 24 is formed, collecting strips 2 are essentially cantilevered, which have a square, round or triangular cross-section and in some Versions have a closed profile, and in those versions of the machine, in which the impurities are removed pneumatically, are the collecting strips with provided upwardly directed openings or slots. The air supply to the strips is immediate from the closed support of the machine frame 1, in which the air is blown by a fan 13 is delivered.

In the embodiment shown in FIG of the collecting strips, the different sides of the triangular cross-section have different lengths on, and by twisting the strips during assembly with the having the desired length Side of the bar 2 upwards becomes a one with a constant distance of the bars from one another preselected width having gap between the

5 6

Lasts achieved so that the gaps between the sill or, if necessary, as an extension piece on

Most different types of plants are adapted to a universal chassis or to an existing one

the can. Machine in a manner known per se.

The busbars 2 can be straight, curved, set. Against damage in the event of accidental breakage, and in some embodiments, the Marungsformen of the invention can be connected to a table 3 by a machine attached to the machine frame 1, and in this case they are protected by slide rails.
Bending of the edges of the table 3 or of the under the collecting bar 2, drawing-in members are arranged on the working width of the machine on the sides, which are formed by pairs of draw-in screws 7 facing side walls 6. The front ends are formed io. These pull-in screws 7 consist of header strips 2 and side walls 6 in tapered parts made of metal, synthetic material or rubber, and they are made up of 4 and 5. The stop pieces 5 are attached to the sen a right-hand or left-hand thread on where-sides of the machine or subdivide which one of the screws can be cushioned in order to work width of the machine into several parts and damage in the event of possible penetration are curved or cranked in such a way that they prevent a foreign object from entering. The level of the tread below the level of the collecting strips 2 screws 7 can be opposite the level of the Samples and, if necessary, be inclined in height according to the adjustable strip 2, the screws can be adjusted. different types of multi-start threads

A pulling pattern can also be provided on the outer stop piece 5, and can also have longitudinal grooves rod 43 be articulated, which the stop piece 5 can be provided with 20, and at the conical part thereof a mower arranged below the machine - the thread has a different profile and a different one bar 44 connects, which the stalk have such abschnei- slope. The screw grooves can det that after the machine has passed through a stubble field, if necessary, also by twisted bars remains. The tie rod 43 and the forms are. One of the screws 7 can through Cutter bars 44 are adjustable in relation to one another. The 25 a screw 22 (Fig. 4, 5) can be replaced, which the Cutter bar 44 (Fig. 13) is arranged in such a way that it has threads only on its conical part he only cuts off the plants when they have a smooth surface for themselves and otherwise. In a already in the gaps between the collecting bars another alternative can be a screw 7 by a are located, and in all types of execution of the profile strip 39 passing into the collecting strip 2 he machine Find use. The falling out of the 30 sets will be (Fig. 11).

The poppy seed capsules from the machine are cut off either by the edge

Pieces 12 prevented from being attached to the edges of the Sam- by one above the ends of the screws 7

melleisten 2 or the table 3 are attached. The provided cutter bars 8 or are at the end of the

Edge pieces 12 can screw 7, 22 interlocking longitudinal claws 23 with elastic flaps

see, be that allow the entry of the plants, 35 attached (Figs. 4 and 5) or is at the end of the

however, prevent them from moving back. Screw 7 cantilevered a knife 38 attached, the

The plants will unite the collecting strips 2 with a profile strip 39 when they are rotated about one Feeder is supplied, in some cases with a bound and through a cutout in one Eccentric, feed organs 36 with fingers 37 from hood 42 passing through, fixed knife provided with fingers moved as the 40 is moved (Figures 11 and 12).

Feeder into the gaps between the collector Another embodiment of the pull-in screw

Ieisten2 intervene (Fig. 6). ben29 is shown in Figs. The depth of the

Another embodiment of the feeder screw grooves is much larger, the screw (Fig. 13) has sprockets 11, chains 10 and passageways consist e.g. of a wound curved feed organ 9. In one of Fig. 4 45 strips or are made of elastic material, e.g. The illustrated embodiment is made of Zubrin rubber. In the illustrated executor From a spiral wound from a rod, the screw threads of two grip 28, on the shaft of which chain wheels 27 are attached directly to one another, screws 29, however, there is the possibility of strengthening are, whose hubs with the outer rim likelihood, only a single screw with a profile through two or three arms are linked. The 50 bar 39 or with two bars next to the Sprockets 27 work together with chains 26, using screws 29 attached. the the screws 29 which are used to transport the poppy capsules have a larger stiff at the beginning Bars are provided. energy, which is further reduced, can freely

In the case of the type of machine in which the load-bearing bearings are used, and the end of the machine is conical the poppy heads on pneumatic 55 jungt. Under the screws 29 can a corresponding way is accomplished is about the collecting chend the radius of the screws 29 curved strips 2, a pipe 14 with a rotatable fixed knife 30 can be attached. The edge of the Elbow 15 and with an expansion vessel 16 at- screw threads is at the attachment point of the orderly. Knife 30 provided with claws for removal

The poppy seed capsules are given in a storage container 60 which are used for the branches of the plants 17 transported, either on a carrier 18 if the knife 30 can through a cutter bar or be replaced directly on the machine frame 1 behind the. The separation of the poppy heads ends the busbars 2 is arranged. This follows either through the cutter bar 8 or through Fixing the machine on the carrier 18 accomplished a fixed on the last screw thread z. B. a transversely mounted four-bar mechanism 65 and a Mes-20 passing through a slot 31, which is operated hydraulically. ser38 (Figure 6).

The whole machine can be attached as a built-up

If the machine is saddled or attached, a machine provided with elastic slats 32 is provided

Reel. When using a full harvester there are 29 feeders on the shaft of the screws 33 attached with rounded fingers, the individual feeders 33 are offset on the shaft arranged, and in the spaces engage disk knives 34 with smooth or toothed Cutting edges, which can, however, also be replaced by fixed knives (Fig. 6). The spaces in between between the knives 34 are chosen such that each poppy seed capsule in at least two Parts being cut up. The poppy seed capsules are then fed through a transverse screw conveyor

35 supplied for further processing.

In a further embodiment, the drawing and separating organs consist of pairs of opposing ones Waves with longitudinal strips, which interlock while maintaining the required clearance. The entry of the plants between these strips is facilitated by the fact that part of the Last is shorter than the rest, so that when you turn the plants each during a certain Free access and are only detected when turning further. The entry of plants is therefore intermittent. This mode of entry of the plants can also be used in the Screws ?, 22, 29 are used, which in this case are adapted in such a way that part of their Surface is flattened. A reliable entry of the plants into the machine is also sufficient densely arranged feed organs 9 and

36 and stop pieces 41 (Fig. 11) achieved which Connect the initial part of the screws 7, 22, 29 to the run-up piece 4 and 5, respectively.

From the above it can be seen that, based on the exemplary embodiments cited, further Modifications by combining the examples given or by using others in mechanical engineering used known elements can be realized. So z. B. the separation of the poppy seed capsules take place in a screw pair in such a way that part of the screw surface is formed by cylindrical clamping surfaces, followed by interlocking longitudinal claws. It is also clear that the machine need only have some of the elements listed. at Uniform stands of plants with a small number of branches can e.g. B. in execution 13, the Einziehorgane45, as well as in the embodiment according to FIG Pull-in screws 7 can be omitted, and the poppy seed capsules are then separated off with the aid of the cutter bar 8.

All parts of the machine are driven in the usual way by chains, gears, V-belts, by a hydraulic motor or by a combination of these drive means. The drive of the Emziehorgane can preferably be accomplished by means of a chain 19 or a belt, the alternately wraps around the chain wheels attached to the shafts of the pull-in elements. Such a drive allows the screws to be adjusted and does not place high demands on the rigidity of the Frame. The screws are offset from one another in such a way that the plants cannot be separated runs simultaneously for all screws.

The device according to the invention works as follows: the height of the machine above the ground is continuously adjusted depending on the height of the plant population in such a way that the starting pieces 4 and 5 are below the branches of the plants, so that the whole plant enters the machine; the deepest poppy seed capsules must be above the level of the collecting strips 2. The machine is protected against damage by the slide rail 21. The plants are fed to the machine by the feeder elements 9, 36 or by the spiral 28, and about when entering

ίο the collecting strips 2 stuck poppy seed capsules are pushed further by the fingers37 (Fig. 15). The curved feed organs 9 support the correct introduction of the plants into the Gaps between the header strips 2, which the plants in the pairs of counter-rotating screws 7, 22, 29 lead. The entry of the plants is through the conical run-up piece and the changeable Pitch of the thread on the conical part of the screws ?, 22, 29 facilitated. The stalks are

ao clamped, pulled down and pushed forward to the cutting device at the same time. The branches and branches of the plants are removed by crushing the stalks between the screws 7,22. In the embodiment according to FIGS. 6 to 8, where Sehrauben29 are used whose pulling force is not so great, the twigs and branches are removed with the help of the fixed knife 30 and the toothing provided on the thread of the screws 29 (FIG. 8) removed; In a modified embodiment, the stalks can be cut by a knife instead of the fixed knife 30 arranged cutter bars are cut off. In the execution of the machine according to FIG. 13 and 15 is the drawing in of the plants with the poppy heads up to a stop by means of a suitable setting the collecting bars 2 carried out opposite the plants standing in the field. The plants will including the roots torn or broken off from the ground, or they are torn off by the cutter bar

44 mowed, and some of them fall through their own weight. The cutter bar 44 is through the Tie rod 43 is connected to the run-up piece 5, so that all plants entering the machine are mowed will. The articulated and slidable connection allows the height to be adjusted Machine above the ground. All plants are pulled into the machine until the Poppy heads hit a stop. This is done by the pull-in screws 7 or pull-in members

45 accomplished, which separate the poppy seed capsule after the insertion has taken place (see also FIG. 14). This Subsequent feeding is not necessary if the plant population is even, and in this case the machine can also be designed without these organs, in which case the poppy heads by the Swinging movement of the cutter bar 8 can be separated. The separation of the poppy heads by means of the Longitudinal claws 23 (F i g. 4 and 5) are carried out similarly to the drawing-in members 45. The stalks are the Claws 23 supplied, whereupon the poppy head, if necessary, subsequently up to the stop on the collecting strips 2 is drawn into it. The stem is broken, partially cut off and finally separated by a combined tensile and shear action. The separation of the poppy heads using the cantilever knife 38 (Fig. 11 and 12) takes place when it passes through the cutout 31 or when the knife 38 moves past the fixed knife 40 attached to the profile strip 39. Around

To prevent the plants from being wound up on the cantilever knife, the knife occurs during his further movement through a cutout in the hood 42.

The cleaning of the poppy seed capsules by removing various additions is provided by an air stream, which is supplied by a fan 13 in the machine frame and from those in the collecting bars 2 openings provided. The one from the openings above the separation device exiting air flow conveys the cut poppy seed capsules into the pipe 14 through the rotatable Elbow 15 into the expansion vessel 16, from where the poppy seed capsules fall into the storage container 17, while the impurities are carried upwards. If necessary, it will be rotatable Elbow 15 is pivoted and the poppy heads are placed directly next to or behind the machine moving vehicle.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 4 and 5 the poppy heads are transported in such a way that the spiral 28 moves the separated poppy heads through openings in the sprocket 27 into the housing 24 of the conveyor, whose chains 26 and slats 27 bring the poppy heads into the storage container 17 as empty or send to a bagging device.

In the execution according to FIG. 6 and 7 are the poppy heads after cutting by elastic Slats 32 pushed away and the fixed or plate-shaped knives 34 by means of feeders 33 fed, which they open with the least possible damage to the poppy seed pod, whereupon the poppy seeds and the poppy seed husk are conveyed by the screw conveyor 35 into a sorting device, where the poppy seeds are separated from the poppy seed pods. The sorting device is not in the drawing shown.

Practical tests with the inventive device have proven that the predetermined Stem length is maintained and that the machine is also satisfactory with heavily branched plants is working. The machine can be built in various ways, e.g. B. as independent, cultivated, saddled or attached unit or as a dismantling approach to an existing machine. It goes without saying that the described embodiments do not limit the scope of the inventive concept in any way.

The use of the machine according to the invention brings a significant increase in labor productivity, Reduction of crop losses, is used to obtain high quality poppy seeds for the Food industry as well as poppy seed pods for the pharmaceutical industry.

Claims (11)

55 claims: 1. Poppy capsule harvester, characterized by collecting bars (2), which are in starting pieces (4, 5) and side walls (6) pass over, their leading edges below the level of the collecting strips (2) range above which a feeder (9, 10, 11, 28, 36, 37) and below which inevitably driven pull-in elements are arranged, which open into a separating device. 2. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the positively driven Einziehorgane (45) are arranged in pairs. 3. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the positively driven pull-in members are designed as pull-in screws (7, 22, 29). 4. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the separating device by a cutter bar (8) is formed. 5. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the separating device by Claws (23) is formed. 6. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the separating device by a cantilever knife (38) is formed. 7. Machine according to claim 1, 3 and 6, characterized in that to the by a free carrying knife (38) formed separating device, in which pull-in screws (29) open, a device for opening the poppy seed capsules is connected, consisting of rotatable feeders (33) and disc-shaped rotating or fixed knives (34). 8. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that with the start-up piece (5) over a tie rod (43) is connected to a cutter bar (44) arranged under the machine. 9. poppy seed harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that the feeder by one formed in the form of a coiled rod and one variable slope as well as diameter of the thread having screw (28) is formed, on whose shaft sprockets (27) are attached with openings for the entry of the poppy heads, being on the sprockets (27) Chains (26) with slats (25) for conveying the poppy seed capsules through a housing (24) are arranged in a storage container (17). 10. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the collecting bars (2) on all sides have closed profile and are connected to the machine frame (1), whose Front part a closed, connected to the pressure port of a fan (13) Forms space, provided in the collecting strips (2) upwardly directed air passage openings are, for the purpose of cleaning and moving the poppy heads in a with a rotatable Elbow (15) provided pipeline (14) with an expansion vessel (16) for separation the contamination from the poppy heads is equipped. 11. Machine according to claim 10, characterized in that the collecting bars (2) in one Go over table (3), which carries edge pieces (12) with elastic flaps, whereby in the interstices between the collecting bars (2) the fingers attached to the feeder members (36) (37) intervene. 1 sheet of drawings 509 600/44 7. 65 © Bundesdruckerei Berlin