DE1195066B - Elastic element - Google Patents

Description

Elastic element The invention relates to a multilayer, elastic element of predominantly two-dimensional expansion with an elastic member, which is switched on between every two profile members.

It is well known that elastic elements are used to prevent or Conversion of special types of noise and vibrations. Find elastic elements for example, use in treating sound and vibration problems in construction, in mechanical engineering and wherever these problems are increasing Mechanization gain in importance.

The question of the transmission of airborne and structure-borne noise takes a special place, here in particular impact sound in the building construction sector. The special one limit typical as well as comprehensive questions and for a better overview Therefore, the further explanations mainly focus on this area, even if they are are applicable in the same or modified form to the other areas.

Elastic elements work primarily due to their resilience, which is physically defined as »dynamic stiffness <c: the lower the dynamic stiffness - the greater the resilience - the better the achieved Insulating effect.

Depending on the element structure, the dynamic stiffness is additive composed of the following components: 1. inherent rigidity of the material used, 2. stiffness of the material structure, 3. stiffness of the volume of air enclosed in the structure.

The inherent rigidity of the material is based on its molecular structure. It is relatively large for a rock prism, for example made of rubber relatively low.

The rigidity of the structure depends on the structure of the structure. A pressed one Straw bale has z. B. a greater structural rigidity than a loose straw pack, although both are made of the same material.

The air enclosed in the structure is the stiffer, the smaller it is Structural gaps are and the worse the air can escape from them. A For example, a small air cushion is more rigid than a large diameter air cushion. Additional valve openings in the pillow skin would reduce the stiffness, if air was let out during compression. In terms of practical execution consequently, the stiffness of an elastic element is the lower and its The more elastic the material used, the better the insulating effect, the more flexible it is its structure, the larger the interstices and the smaller the internal air resistance of the structure are.

The choice of fabrics with high inherent elasticity is negligible low, their price relatively high. For the formation of elastic surface elements are Such substances have not previously been used because of the required volume of air to certain minimum thicknesses and due to this, to date, to comparatively large amounts of material was bound. Therefore one has to this day with the construction of such elements with partially elastic Assemblies made from inherently inelastic materials that are relatively cheap.

This subheading includes fiber insulation commonly used for such purposes, made of consistently brittle, sometimes the finest, mineral or organic fibers, Threads or sticks exist and as an irregular pile to mats or plates are processed. The resilience of these elements is based on the enclosed Apart from the air volume - on the flexural elasticity of the individual links. It stands and falls with the sometimes microscopically fine dimensions of the individual links and with their alignment and order with one another. The possibilities, the structure of fiber insulation are limited due to their pile nature. Understandably, such a structure does not always lead to the desired goal, which is why the properties of such insulation can only be defined within wide limits and their insulating effect always remains completely different. An elastic one Effect usually only occurs after these elements have undergone static compression have experienced under the existing load that between 20 and 60%, based on the original total thickness. That works adversely affect not only the air stiffness of the element, but also on the overall construction.

On the other hand, all fiber insulations are due to their finest, Partly brittle individual links easily vulnerable and the usual stresses not grown sufficiently. Under unfavorable conditions they can be caused by leaching, Shocks or rot are destroyed. With constant load, of such elements are exposed in the majority of all cases, they condense as a result of material fatigue over time, they automatically become stiffer and lose their insulating effect. Moreover, in many cases, careful execution of the insulation is thereby made that affects, for example, the fine needles of the mineral elements Build-up penetrate the skin and here uncomfortable stubborn stinging and itching and possibly cause skin rashes.

Apart from certain insulating layers of cardboard, their resilience based on the compressive elasticity of the fabric structure, but this is due to its low level Strength has only limited uses, all others are known Insulation elements stronger and stiffer than fiber insulation. They are all different with interspersed with large cavities and are therefore primarily among the thermal insulation materials, even if they are often mistakenly used for soundproofing purposes.

These materials are of interest here insofar as noise and thermal insulation problems often have to be solved in the same construction, which is the case with sheet-like Insulation elements for the building construction sector are the norm. The comparatively Fixed thermal insulation elements are the elastic sound insulation elements in abundance and partly also superior in terms of economy. Due to the relatively high resistance against mechanical stresses and because of their economic efficiency their scope of use is great. As will be shown, for this reason and good combinations because of the additional increase in the volume of air involved possible with the subject matter of the invention.

The invention is based on the object of an elastic element to create that eliminates the disadvantages indicated, a perfect elasticity guaranteed and, in combination with suitable thermal insulation elements, a simultaneous one Solution of sound and thermal insulation problems that meet the requirements of Practice and meet the growing demands.

In contrast to all previously known elastic insulation elements This occurs in a multi-layer structure known per se with an elastic one A member of small thickness and with tensile elasticity, preferably based on the molecular structure, which is switched on between every two profile members.

According to the invention, the profile members are profiled at least on one side and associated with each other in such a way that the intermediate, elastic Link in the case of static and / or dynamic loading in the direction of the surface normal like the system of a »continuous beam or continuous rope over an infinite number Stützen «is subjected to bending and / or tension and is subject to the relevant load can swing freely.

In that an elastic member of low strength is preferably made elastic materials are used, so far, such elements have not been able to do this Achieved resilience with the least amount of high quality and therefore expensive Materials can be achieved.

The systematic structure makes the element according to the rules of statics and / or dynamics can be detected and allows a targeted production that is carried out in advance determinable properties according to the respective needs with the finest gradations able to guarantee.

The interposition of the sensitive, elastic member between preferably fixed profile links guarantee high mechanical resistance and a good match between the theoretical and practical insulation effect. Of the Multi-layer structure also enables a clear functional separation of sound and thermal insulation. It allows the often desired priority of one or the other other effect to be taken into account without disruptions or compromises in structure and To have to negotiate the effect of the element against this.

The compression, which is very important in terms of overall springiness only depends on the choice of material and the system dimensions for the element in question addicted. It can be varied within narrow limits and is independent of the total thickness of the element and is comparatively about 10% of that required for the oscillation Margin, which in turn only makes up a fraction of the total thickness.

Disadvantages when processing, such as itching and stinging on the skin or Decomposition phenomena are eliminated by the choice of material.

In an embodiment of the subject matter of the invention, the profile members are given expediently a wave-like shape so that wave ridges and wave troughs successive and at right angles to this, in their longitudinal direction, straight and run parallel to each other. That between every two such with their curl each other facing profile members switched elastic member is under load under the prerequisite for tension and / or bending claims that each wave back the one finds over a respective wave trough of the other profile member arrangement. Here, the load is transferred from the back of the shaft of one profile member to the elastic intermediate member transferred while this from the wave back of the other Profile link is supported.

The wave-shaped design of the profile links is therefore advantageous, because their rounded shapes notch effects on the elastic intermediate member be avoided, so that a gentle stress on the relatively sensitive Interlayer is guaranteed. Furthermore, the elastic member becomes thereby Protected against overload as the support spacing increases with increasing sag reduced and additional squeezing effect occurs at the edges, which both counteract an overstretching of the elastic member and are plastic Exclude deformations.

The preferably fixed profile members can for reasons of material savings or profiled on both sides to increase the enclosed air volume be.

Double profiling also makes it possible in a simple manner Elements with several elastic members, possibly different dynamic ones Rigidity to build up. Elements of this kind can be used as "coupling oscillators" Develop a multi-stage effect in the individual frequency ranges.

If the distance between the wave backs is small enough, the Support width of the girder or rope and the associated load are also small, so that the dimensioning of the elastic member can be made as small as desired. This factor is of considerable economic importance as the ones in question elastic fabrics due to their high quality - as already mentioned - larger Have material costs per unit than those previously used for such purposes.

The elastic intermediate member can by a self-contained Layer, but also by juxtaposed strips, tapes or threads, which with or can be arranged without spacing. Similarly, you can the corrugated backs of the profile members pass through or interrupted in the longitudinal direction be.

Material and dimensions of the elastic intermediate link and the Formation of the wave profile, here in particular the wave height, must be on top of one another be coordinated that taking into account the sag caused by the load the elastic member is always free to swing.

The elastic intermediate member can be attached to the corrugated back of the profile members glued or similarly attached. It is also possible to use the pontic only to anchor at the edges of the element and the cohesion of each Layer links through circumferential or interrupted, kink-unstable edging or in the form of wraps, bandages or the like. To connect the individual layer members also have columnar adhesive bridges made of elastic adhesive or stitching or sewing in the form of diagonal and / or vertical tension struts in question. These measures can be used in an appropriate combination must, in their totality, however, the cohesion of the individual elements Secure across all three dimensions and allow the element to swing freely.

The individual links required to build the elastic element can either be made of materials already used for insulation purposes - if necessary with simple modification of their shape - produce or are already in suitable Dimensions, albeit for other areas of application, traded.

To form the elastic intermediate member, for example Foils, strips, tapes or threads made of plastics or rubber with a high rubber content particularly suitable. Pressed rubber threads show due to their linear direction Molecular structure, their relatively high tensile strength, their very high elongation at break and their advantageous coordination in elastic-plastic behavior a favorable one Fitness picture.

Investigations on test pieces according to the invention using of rubber threads while maintaining economic conditions have shown that the threads were stressed with only about 51% of their tensile strength and elongation at break and also after a continuous load of in this case $ 1 months below the relevant Load effect possessed their full, original resilience.

Authentic tension-elongation tests on single rubber threads have shown that even twenty years of continuous stress within the elastic limit elastic properties of the threads are not changed.

The external influences on an elastic element, e.g. B. in terms of a long service life when using rubber threads are to be assessed positively; because the influences that are decisive for rubber aging, such as oxygen supply, Incidence of light and higher temperatures - all required over long periods of time -, move within extremely favorable limits or are in the built-in state not present at all.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the elastic member can be used in a slack or pre-tensioned manner. It can also for example made of rubber-coated or otherwise equipped crepe carrier layers, in special designs, e.g. B. for high loads, including metal springs and the like exist. When using rubber threads, because of the cheaper, small surface and threads with a circular cross-section due to possible notch effects to be preferred to those with an angular cross-section.

The required profile members can, for example, from optionally impregnated corrugated or ribbed cardboard. Is the corrugated layer z. B. by impregnation or coating is sufficiently stabilized or consists of a stronger material than cardboard, this is the lining that is usually used to stabilize the waves dispensable.

The use of hollow corrugated profile bodies represents an ideal case with regard to the material savings and the size of the enclosed volume of air. In particular With this arrangement it can be advantageous - to achieve a low air stiffness to break through the corrugation like a hole or slit.

With regard to the acoustic improvement of common Insulation materials, preferably thermal insulation boards, for example made of foamed plastics, Cork, peat, wood wool, wood fibers and the like, and with regard to the frequently required combined solution of sound and thermal insulation can be the form of the designated Modify panels slightly according to the profiling information explained above, so that they can be used as profile members according to the invention. It is also possible, the profiling of such panels by means of one or two-sided coating, z. B. by corrugated cardboard. In this way, flawless, combined Manufacture sound and heat insulation elements of previously unknown deafness.

Various exemplary embodiments of the invention are described in more detail below with reference to the schematic drawings. It means F i g. I a cross section through an elastic element, FIG. II is a diagram of the mode of operation of an elastic element, FIG. III a longitudinal section A -A according to F i g. I, F i g. IV a cross section, FIG. V is a longitudinal section BB through the elastic element, FIG. VI another longitudinal section through the elastic element according to FIG. IV, FIG. VII a cross section with a two-story structure of the elastic element as a coupling oscillator. F i g. I is the cross section through an elastic element. It consists of two wave-shaped profile members 1 and an interposed, elastic member 2. The profile members have hollow waves and are provided with a lamination 3 for stabilization. The corrugated sides of the profile members are facing each other and offset in such a way that a wave back of one member is above a wave trough of the other. The connection of the three individual links 1, 2 can be achieved by point or line-like gluing to the shaft back 4, 5 or by an unstable frame 6, e.g. B. by folding the lamination 3, take place.

Fig. 11 illustrates the mode of operation of the elastic element. A load acting normal to the surface 3 is summarized in individual loads 4 ' and stresses the elastic member 2' like a "continuous beam or continuous rope on an infinite number of supports" 5 'on bending and / or tension. Here, the elastic member is deformed according to line 7. The rigidity of the system, the maximum sag of the elastic member and its dimensions can be varied in a simple manner by changing the distance between the individual loads 4 ' and the supports 5'.

F i g. III shows a longitudinal section A-A through the element according to F i G. I. The elastic member 2 is in this case formed in a continuously layered manner.

F i g. IV is the cross section through an elastic element, the profile members 8 of which consist of correspondingly designed thermal insulation panels. The intermediate elastic member 9, 10 is attached to the plate edges 11 . The cohesion of the individual links is achieved by an unstable frame 12 or several bandages 13 that are guided around the element.

F i g. V shows a longitudinal section BB through the elastic element according to FIG. IV. Here, the elastic member consists of individual strips 9 which lie between the continuously formed waves 15 of the profile members 8.

F i g. VI shows a longitudinal section BB through the elastic element according to FIG. IV. Here, the elastic member consists of individual threads 10, and the profile waves 16 are only formed in the area of the threads. The enclosed air volume 17 is hereby increased considerably.

F i g. VII is the cross section through an elastic element with a two-story structure as a coupling oscillator. In order to achieve an interaction of the individual air volumes, the profile members 18 and 20 are connected to one another by means of punched channels 21. To increase the enclosed volume of air, the lower profile member 18 is also designed in a relief-like manner on its underside 19.

Claims (6)

Claims: 1. Multi-layer, elastic element, predominantly two-dimensional expansion, with an elastic link between each two profile links is switched on, d a d u r c h e k e n n -draws that the profile members at least are unilaterally profiled in such a way and assigned to one another in such a way, that the intermediate, elastic member with static and / or dynamic Load in the direction of the surface normal like the system of a »continuous beam or continuous rope over an infinite number of supports «subjected to bending and / or tension and can vibrate freely under the relevant load. 2. Multi-layer, elastic element according to claim 1, characterized in that the elastic Link preferably a high tensile elasticity based on the molecular structure and mostly has little strength. 3. Multi-layer, elastic element according to claim 1, characterized in that the profile members have a unilateral or bilateral weir profile obtained, with wave ridges and wave troughs following one another at certain distances, which are preferably straight and parallel in their longitudinal direction, with or without interruption get lost. 4. Multi-layer, elastic element according to claim 1, characterized in that that it is based on a systematic structure, alongside a targeted production detection and dimensioning according to the rules of statics and / or dynamics is permitted. 5. Multi-layer, elastic element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that a multiple combination of the individual members makes the structure multi-story Coupling transducers allowed. 6. Multi-layer, elastic element according to one of the The preceding claims, characterized in that with an appropriate choice of material for the profile links a simultaneous solution of sound and heat insulation, with clear, functional separation and without impairing the element structure and the mode of action is possible. 7: "Multi-layer, elastic element after a of the preceding claims, characterized in that the profile members are significant have mechanical strength and, for example, made of thermal insulation materials such as cork, Peat rigid foam, wood wool, wood fibers, corrugated cardboard, ribbed cardboard or combinations thereof of these materials. B. Multi-layer, elastic element according to a of the preceding claims, characterized in that the elastic member from consists of a self-contained layer or of juxtaposed strips, Ribbons, threads or the like. Is formed, which are arranged with or without spacing. 9. Multi-layer, elastic element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the elastic member is made of synthetic Fabric, rubber, elastically equipped crepe carrier layers, metal springs and the like, or combinations consists of this. 10. Multi-layer, elastic element according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the elastic member at the raised points glued to the profiling, anchored on the edge and / or the cohesion of the individual Layers with columnar adhesive bridges made of elastic adhesive or with kink-unstable Edge edging or circumferential bandages or by means of a combination of these measures is guaranteed. 11. Multi-layer, elastic element according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the elastic member is slack or under tension is installed. 12. Multi-layer, elastic element according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the profile members are hole-like or slot-like be broken through or open-pored materials are used for this purpose. In Documents considered: German Patent No. 911683; french U.S. Patent No. 1254 396.