DE1162787B - Glare-proof headlights, especially for automobiles - Google Patents

Description

Glare-proof headlights, in particular for automobiles Es it is known that the main shortcoming of the previous far-reaching headlights there is a great danger of dazzling, and that there is still no suitable means of reducing glare Radiation is present over a sufficient range. The reason for this is that a point-like light source as small as possible is required for long ranges is. In this point light source, however, there is the disadvantage that it must have a very high luminance with the large luminous flux requirement and thus also the eye when the light rays appear due to the stimulus threshold being exceeded significantly overexcited and causes glare. To prevent the glare effect are already multiple suggestions, z. B. the so-called stopping down has been made. Here the far-reaching light beam is directed downwards, so that the eye can only receives part of the direct rays. But that has the big disadvantage that continuously must be switched, which is almost uninterrupted with the existing traffic density Switching required. In addition, experience has shown that by stopping down and the quick change from far to near light and vice versa just as many accidents caused as by the glare itself, because it suddenly affects larger ones Distance nothing is visible and at the same time the ability to accommodate the eyes are overwhelmed. Attempts have also been made to use asymmetrical light distribution to eliminate these disadvantages. There will be a certain slight improvement here Scope, but only achieved under particularly favorable circumstances. In most cases but is the dark field correct, d. H. the one in front of the headlight, in the case of asymmetrical Light unlit area, does not match the actual traffic conditions, so that the lighting is ineffective, especially on curves or bumps. Even the use of polarization filters fails because it is known that a very poor efficiency is achieved and an effect can only occur at all if all vehicles without exception were equipped with it. In addition, the Polarization effect ineffective under many circumstances, e.g. B. on wet roads (Reverse polarization) or angular deviation (ineffectiveness of light extinction). Even so-called stray field lights, d. H. Luminaires with large ones that disperse the light Glasses are low-glare, although they can be designed and used appropriately can shape, useless, since the radiation widths required for practice not achievable and their dimensions as well as the necessary installation materials are not economically justifiable for the current type of vehicles, apart from other technical difficulties.

The invention is based on the object of providing a robust, low-glare Main beam headlights, especially for automobiles, to create the essentials Avoids disadvantages of the previously known devices. To this end, according to the invention proposed the total light emitting area of the headlight in a variety small light generator with low luminance below the glare threshold split each with known optical means for focusing as well as long-range radiation are provided.

The invention has the advantage that the individual light generator in many small light generators are distributed over a larger area so that in the eye not one point of light as before, but hundreds or thousands of points of light hit the retina with a correspondingly lower luminance and thereby the The stimulus threshold of the individual eye rods is not exceeded. With the help of many small amounts of light, the same amount of light is emitted as before, without a dazzling effect.

Self-excited or externally excited fluorescent bodies are expedient as light generators or filaments or light bulbs connected in parallel or in series are used. When using fluorescent bodies, these are preferably emitted by a UV radiator illuminated, and these are designed in such a way that they absorb the invisible UV radiation convert into visible light. The light generator made up of fluorescent bodies are here as punctiform or arranged next to one another and / or one above the other formed bar-shaped fields. This becomes the so-called luminous point, d. H. the optical image of the light source on the retina, stretched and on a larger area of the retina distributed. At the same time, by arranging several Bars or points influences the shape and intensity of the emitted light beam, z. B. on "near" small light intensity, on "far" large light intensity, on the left side, so for the oncoming vehicles, small intensity on the right side great intensity. In addition, you can get one on the street or a wide bundle only slightly above the road to be recognized also at the roadside objects and incidents located, creating an ideally lit Field emerges.

In order to have a great penetration power in fog, blowing snow and the like To achieve the light rays, it is proposed to use the light generator in several Provide colors and arrange them in such a way that they can be used individually or together can be stimulated. In order to penetrate the fog as far as possible, the In the distance, very long-wave, i.e. red light (minimal back reflection) is emitted while the road surface in front of the vehicle is exposed to shorter-wave light, for example light yellow, is illuminated and thus brightened more intensely.

It can be advantageous that one, several or all of the total light emission generating light generator a shifted in the direction of the optical axis, preferably larger than normal, light-emitting surface, whereby the optical images the light sources in front of the headlight are in different planes, so that too this measure does not overstrain the retina. To achieve a high efficiency is proposed that the light emission of each light generator or a group of these by means of paraboloid mirrors (if the light generator is incandescent lamps are) bundled, and in any case convergent lenses are placed upstream.

The areas between the individual light generators are useful mirrored. These are designed in such a way that they are wholly or only partially in one certain spectral range, e.g. B. only for yellow light, are permeable, so that in addition with normal white light a proportion of yellow light is emitted, which at Suddenly appearing fog or the like. represents a safety factor, or that thereby at the same time the position lights can be used and through the Mirror effect gives the entire surface a beautiful, attractive appearance from the front.

According to a further embodiment, when using a the total light emitting area is the same size continuous light generator area the division into many individual areas by a honeycomb panel. Here is then the light is bundled by correspondingly upstream, honeycomb-like lenses radiated. This embodiment has the advantage of being simple and inexpensive to manufacture.

Another advantageous embodiment is that, preferably in the center, in the light-emitting surface, a flashing headlight is arranged.

Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing. FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a headlight, FIG. 2 the reflector of the headlight according to FIG. 1 seen from the front, F i g. 3 is a front view of the Headlight according to FIG. 1, which is designed here as a linear luminaire, F i G. 4 to 7 embodiments of the in the headlight according to FIG. 1 located Fluorescent body, FIG. 8 shows a greatly enlarged section of the headlight according to FIG. l, F i g. 9 shows a longitudinal section through a differently constructed light radiating plate for the headlight, F i g. 10 shows another embodiment of a headlight on average.

F i g. 11 is a front view of the headlight according to FIG. 10 in a different scale, FIG. 12 and 13 front views of other forms of training of the headlight according to FIG. 1 or 10 and F i g. 14 a greatly enlarged section from Fig. 10.

The headlight according to FIG. 1 has a reflector 5 in which a UV lamp 6 is arranged and the front is closed by a light emitting body 2 is. The light emitting body 2 is on its front with over the entire surface Lenses 12 distributed like a honeycomb. As in particular from FIG. 8 can be seen, there is at least one fluorescent body behind each lens 12 of the light emitting body 2 3, which corresponds to the in the F i g. 4 to 7 illustrated embodiments 3 a to 3 d can be formed. Between the individual phosphor bodies 3 are on the back of the light emitting body 2 mirror coatings 4 attached.

The invisible light emitted by the UV radiator 6 arrives either directly or after reflection by the reflector 5 to the phosphor bodies 3 of the light emitting body 2. The luminous material of the phosphor body 3 is the UV radiation is converted into visible light radiation which is passed through the lenses 12 exits the headlight to the front.

Channels 7 (FIG. 8) can be injected between the individual lenses 12. which are filled with black color in order to eliminate interference and secondary rays which could otherwise get from one lens 12 into the adjacent lens 12 . The phosphor bodies 3 are preferably corresponding to FIG. 8 is triangular in cross-section and combined with a larger luminescent body 21, which is of similar shape but has a particularly large spatial extension in the direction of the optical axis. If the lenses 12 are elongated, the fluorescent body 21 is elongated and then forms a fluorescent bar approximately in accordance with FIG. 3 a in FIG. 4. If the lenses 12 are circular in shape, the phosphor bodies 3 are preferably arranged as concentric circles around the phosphor body 21, which in this case is not bar-shaped but rather conical.

F i g. 9 shows another structure of the light emitting body 2. Here is a glass plate 9 with a fluorescent coating 3 e, which is through a UV radiator is illuminated from behind. On the one facing away from the fluorescent coating Side of the glass plate is initially a honeycomb-shaped panel 8 having body arranged, in front of which a honeycomb lens 12 having disc is located.

F i g. 10 shows an embodiment of the invention in which parabolic reflectors 13 are cast into a base plate 10 made of glass and have a mirror coating 14. In the focal points of these parabolic reflectors or further outside there are filaments 16 which are electrically connected to electrodes 19, 20 in parallel. Power is supplied to these electrodes via connector pins 17 and 18 on the back of the base plate 10. The base plate 10 is covered at the front by a cover plate 11 which has converging lenses 12 on the inner surface, which are adapted in size to the parabolic reflectors 13 and face them. At 15, the cover plate 11 is not provided with lenses 12, but is designed as a plane plate. Between the base plate 10 and the cover plate 11 there is a cavity 23 which is either more or less evacuated or a gas filling, e.g. B. of nitrogen, hydrogen, krypton, helium or the like. Has. Both bodies are joined together in a gas-tight manner, preferably by means of a seal weld 24.

F i g. 11 shows a front view of the headlamp of FIG. 10, which in this case is made circular, on a smaller scale and at which an additional flashing headlight 22 is arranged in the middle.

The F i g. 12 and 13 show front views of the headlamp embodiments according to FIG. 1, 9 and 10 with different planar arrangements.

Claims (9)

Claims: 1. Glare-protected headlights, in particular for automobiles, d u r g e k e n n -z e i c h n e t that the total light emitting area (2) the headlight into a multitude of small light generators (3, 21; 16) with low, Luminance below the glare threshold is divided with known optical means, such as converging lenses (12), paraboloid mirrors (13), reflections (14), are provided to focus the emitted light. 2. Headlight according to claim 1, characterized in that the light generator self-excited or externally excited fluorescent body (3, 21) or parallel or series-connected filaments (16) or light bulbs are. 3. Headlight according to claim 2, characterized in that the light generator (3, 21) are designed as juxtaposed and / or superimposed punctiform or bar-shaped fields (3 a, 3 b, 3 d, 3 c) . 4. Headlight according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the light generator (3, 21; 16) of different colors and optionally individually or together can be switched on. 5. Headlight according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that that one, several or all of the light generators (21) of the total light-emitting surface (2) one protruding in the optical axis direction, compared to the other light generators (3) Have a larger light emitting area. 6. Headlights according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that between the individual light generators lying surfaces (4) are mirrored. 7. Headlight according to claim 6, characterized characterized in that the mirrored surfaces (4) for the stimulating radiation source (6) emitted radiation wholly or partially in a certain spectral range, z. B. only for yellow light, are permeable. B. Headlight according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that when using one of the total light-emitting surface (2) the same size continuous light generator surface (3 e) the division into many Individual surfaces through a honeycomb panel (8) and the light through front, honeycomb-like distributed lenses (12) is bundled. 9. Headlights according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that, preferably in the center, in the light-emitting surface (2) a flasher headlight (22) is arranged.